a study on status of the factors responsible for ... · a study on status of the factors...

A Study on Status of the Factors responsible for Enrollment And Retention of Children in School of West Bengal

W B State Education Chapter



CONTENTS

SN PARTICULARS PAGE NO.

1 Preface 3

2 Acknowledgement 4

3 Executive summary 5

4 Major findings 7

5 Report in detail 8- 27

6 Annexure 1 28



Preface

West Bengal State Education Chapter (WBSEC) is a consortium of civil society organizations,

initiated as an unstructured platform by Right Track during the year 2007 with the support of

ActionAid. WBSEC works on the universalization of education for the marginalized community

in West Bengal. It aims to ensure the 4 A’s (Acceptable, Available, Accessible and Adaptable) of

Education as part of the International and National Campaign on Education Rights.

SEC intends towards—

a) Forming a network among the districts partners and other NGO’s to advocate on Right To

Education at the State Level and Alliance building & strengthening of this network to address

broader issues pertaining to education like availability of school infrastructure, mapping of out

of school children, issues of abuse faced by children in school or on the way to school, issues of

enrolment and retention, proper implementation of Mid Day meal scheme, etc.

b) More children especially girls accessing Quality Primary Education across Bengal;

c) Engaging in studies/research to understand the state situation and to build an informed

campaign around education furthermore evolving consequent Action Plans, Strategies etc.

d) Developing community consciousness on Rights & more proactive civil society.

WBSEC is an active member of the West Bengal Right to Education Forum and also the National

Right to Education Forum. In order to have a glimpse of the implementation of The Right of the

Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009, WBSEC conducted a study on enrollment

and retention covering six Districts of West Bengal.

The report has been prepared on the basis of data collected through field survey in six Districts

of West Bengal, namely, Jalpaiguri, Malda, Purulia, South 24 Parganas, South Dinajpur and West

Midnapur. The study has been conducted with the sole purpose of assisting the implementing

authorities to have an understanding of the field situation and the existing practical challenges

regarding the issue.



ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

WBSEC acknowledge the contribution of all concerned whosoever has helped in

making this study a success. The contribution of the network partners at the

District level is highly appreciated, who have helped in collecting the data from

the field. The cooperation of the teachers, students and the guardians is highly

recognized.

This report aims to disseminate information concerning implementation of The

Right of the Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009, to highlight the

lacunas so that they are addressed to ensure proper implementation of the Act.



EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The Right of the Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009, is undoubtedly a historic

legislation, enacted by the Government of India, making education one of the Fundamental

Rights for children belonging to the age group of six to fourteen years. The provisions in the Act,

however, give a view that the GOI has adopted ambitious targets. One of the examples can be

Sub-section (I) of Section 25, stating that “Within six months from the date of commencement of this

Act, the appropriate Government and the local authority shall ensure that the Pupil-Teacher Ratio, as

specified in the Schedule, is maintained in each school”.

Though there have been positive trends as revealed in the survey, pertaining to age-

appropriate admission and reduction in the percentage of conducting tests of children and

guardians during admission, there has been limited progress in case of Teacher-Student Ratio,

Infrastructure, and other pre-requisites of ensuring quality education.

The progress has been slow in improving Pupil-Teacher ratio, maintaining the norms and

standards for school building, Teaching Learning Equipments, etc. This uneven implementation

path has been further exacerbated by striking and persistent incidences of corporal

punishments. Issues related to child protection are becoming more pronounced. 93.19% of the

children covered under the survey have suffered of corporal punishment.

The Act proclaims to provide free and compulsory education in neighborhood school to ensure

enrollment and retention of children of six to fourteen years in school. And it seeks to achieve

target within three years of its enactment. The challenge remains to convert these

commitments and resources into measurable results for all children, especially those belonging

to socially disadvantaged and marginalized communities.

The findings of this study does not provide us a holistic picture of RTE implementation in the

state but it gives us a clear indication about some serious lacuna on the part of government to

follow the mandate of the Act and ensure its proper implementation.

The study has been done on two aspects viz child entitlement and school entitlement, which

are the two important factors pertaining to child enrollment and retention.



Under the head child entitlement, the following aspects have been covered:

• Age appropriate class wise admission

• Fees taken during admission

• Admission test for children

• Admission test for guardian

• Discrimination

• Demand for birth certificate

• All children received text books for their respective classes

• All children received uniform from the school

• All children can sit properly in their respective class

• Access to safe drinking water

• Access to separate toilet for boys / girls

• Children face corporal punishment

• Children get cooked mid day meal

• Children can eat mid day meal properly

• Slow learner children receive Special Training support

• Special Training books given to slow learners

• Disability aids for disabled children

• Whether the guardians are aware of students' entitlement

Concerning school entitlement the following aspects have been surveyed-

• School has own building

• Pre-primary section has been started

• Designated classroom for each class

• Separate teacher's room

• Separate head-teacher cum store room

• Black board with chalk and duster

• Adequate text books for all classes

• Adequate TLM for all classes

• Trained teachers from SSM

• Lesson plans for each classes

• Pupil - Teacher ratio as per RTE norms

• Separate toilet for CWSN

• Ramp for CWSN

• Kitchen for mid day meal

• Pre-primary children are getting mid day meal

• Separate space for eating mid day meal

• Playground / space for playing

• School boundary wall

• School development plan

• School management committee



Major findings of the study Based on Child entitlement

• 97.04 students covered under the survey have reported to have age appropriate

admission

• 9.46 % surveyed schools took fees during admission

• 4.43 surveyed schools have taken admission test for children

• 71.89 % schools that have been surveyed demand birth certificates

• our of the surveyed schools, 25.44 % schools have reported to have lack of proper sitting

arrangements

• 35.79 schools have no facility for potable water

• only 45.26 schools have no separate toilets for boys and girls

• 93.19 children have reported to have faced corporal punishment

• 12.13 children are not be able to eat mid day meal properly

• only 37.86 of the schools covered under the survey provide special training support

• only 16.56 of the schools have reported to provide special training books to slow learners

• 74.55 of the schools do not provide any aid to the disabled children

• 65.08 of the guardians covered are aware of student's entitlements

• Out of 51363 children enrolled in the surveyed school 52.57 % students are boys.

Based on School entitlement

• 96.15 schools have their own building

• 75.44% schools have started pre-primary sections

• only 53.84 schools have separate classroom for each children

• 40.82 have separate teacher's room

• 36.98 schools have separate rooms for head-teacher cum store room

• 99.11 have Black board with chalk and duster

• 88.16 schools have Adequate text books for all classes

• 28.99 schools do not have Adequate TLM for all classes

• 71.89 schools have Trained teachers from SSM

• 74.26 schools have reported to have Lesson plans for each classes

• 50% of the schools maintain Pupil - Teacher ratio as per RTE norms

• 10.94 of the schools have Separate toilet for CWSN

• 52.66 have Ramp for CWSN

• 81.06 schools have Kitchen for mid day meal

• in 72.48 schools Pre-primary children are getting mid day meal

• 72.78 schools do not have Separate space for eating mid day meal

• 50.59 schools have Playground / space for playing

• only 29.88 School boundary wall



A study on status of the factors responsible for the enrollment and retention of

children in school in the state of West Bengal as per the norms mentioned in

“The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009”

1. Introduction

The right to education act is one of the important acts passed by the Government of India. It

brilliantly shares responsibility of its implementation among the Union, State and the Local

Government. The implementation of the Act has different pictures state-wise. West Bengal

with its publication of notification largely contradictory to the mother Act seems lagging far

behind pertaining to its proper implementation. West Bengal is one such state where the RTE

implementation has been very slow with the State Rules being passed only in March 2012,

almost 2 years after the enforcement of the Act. In order to capture diversity of the state, the

study has been conducted in six of its geographically and socially dispersed districts, namely,

Jalpaiguri, Malda, Purulia, South 24 Parganas, South Dinajpur and West Midnapur during the

Period of May –July 2013.

2. Methodology of the study

Study methodology and its different dimensions are described as follows:

2.1. Questionnaire for data collection from school

A standard questionnaire has been developed at the State level after a consultation with the

District network partners. Data was collected on the basis of that questionnaire by the

members of the partner organizations of seven districts from the schools, students and

guardians.

The questioner focused on the following areas of RTE implementation.

• General data about the location and categories of school

• School enrolment details and demographic profile of the student.

• Details of child entitlements and school entitlements as per the Right of the children to free

and compulsory education act

2.2. Number of Schools selected for the study

Survey was done in 338 schools in 6 districts of West Bengal. Highest numbers of schools

surveyed are from West Medinipur, Malda & Jalpaiguri districts.



2.3. Selection of Districts

Districts were selected with having proper balance in rural and urban area. In order to capture

diversity of the state the study incorporated in it seven geographically and socially dispersed

districts, namely, Jalpaiguri, Malda, Purulia, South 24 Parganas, West Midnapur and South

Dinajpur.

2.4. Selection of Schools

Schools are selected among the targeted districts based on the access and nearby location in

respect to the partner organizations involved in the data collection from the schools.

2.5. Method of the study

• A State level workshop was conducted to design the methodology and tools for the Stock-

taking. Common methodologies and questionnaire for the study was followed across all the

Districts.

• in the Workshop the questionnaire and process of data collection have been discussed

among the network partners along with the concept of the Right to Education Act, 2009 and

the State Rule was held at Kolkata with the members of the network partners from the 6

Districts

• Schools were selected from the working areas of the network partners within the six

districts. Government Schools and Government aided schools were included in the sample

• Field Study on schools and related stakeholders: This was actually a stock taking process

carried out with various community stakeholders, where quantitative as well as qualitative

issues were taken up.

• Data were verified at the state level after coming from the field and processed for entry to

standard excel sheet.

• Finally this report has been prepared on the basis of the data filled in excel sheet.

3. Limitations of the study

• The study was limited in the six selected districts from the state and among 338 randomly

selected schools, selected on the basis of access to the data by the network partners’

location and rapport with the schools. Hence the study may not able to give a complete

picture of RTE implementation in the state. But it can give a glimpse of the status of RTE

implementation in those districts and in those schools.

• Data have been mostly collected from the teachers, students and guardians of the targeted

schools. It has not been possible to reach out to the teachers, or students or the guardians

and collect their feedback in equal measure in all the schools that have been covered in the

survey across the Districts.



4. Status of RTE compliance in the surveyed schools

4.1. Based on child entitlement

SCHOOL STATUS

JALPAIGURI MALDA PURULIA S24PARGANA

S

DINAJPUR

W

MIDNAPUR

% % % % % %

Age appropriate class wise

admission 97 95 97 100 100 98

Fees taken during admission 38 3 0 0 0 5

Admission test for children 15 3 0 0 0 3

Admission test for guardian 0 2 0 0 0 0

All children received text

books for their respective

classes 90 86 97 100 100 93

All children received uniform

from the school 75 60 22 54 90 67

All children can sit properly in

their respective class 70 68 86 93 90 76

Access to safe drinking water 67 39 83 85 40 79

Access to separate toilet for

boys / girls 72 32 53 46 80 65

Children face corporal

punishment 13 6 0 47 0 03

Children get chance to play in

school 82 74 62 16 70 89

Children get cooked mid day

meal 97 97 47 100 100 99

Children can eat mid day meal

properly 60 84 34 100 100 99

Slow learner children receive

Special Training support 38 45 03 0 50 45

Special Training books given to

slow learners 25 23 0 0 00 15

Disability aids for disabled

children 30 25 15 0 40 28

Whether the guardians are

aware of students' entitlement 47 49 65 85 80 85



4.2. Based on school entitlement

SCHOOL STATUS

JALPAIGURI MALDA PURULIA S24PARGANA S DINAJPUR

W

MIDNAPUR

% % % % % %

School has own building 95 98 97 100 100 94

Pre-primary section has

been started 57 74 92 62 100 81

Designated classroom

for each class 62 49 68 69 100 45

Separate teacher's room 50 27 97 46 60 30

Separate head-teacher

cum store room 57 35 9 54 50 34

Black board with chalk

and duster 97 99 100 100 100 100

Adequate text books for

all classes 87 82 100 100 100 88

Adequate TLM for all

classes 53 81 15 100 100 82

Trained teachers from

SSM 82 75 59 100 90 64

Lesson plans for each

classes 80 71 0 100 80 92

Pupil - Teacher ratio as

per RTE norms 47 46 21 54 60 62

Arrangement of safe

drinking water 58 39 83 85 80 75

Separate toilet for CWSN 35 4 0 0 20 9

Ramp for CWSN 50 58 48 0 40 58

Kitchen for mid day meal 88 64 100 100 90 84

Pre-primary children are

getting mid day meal 62 55 94 62 100 85

Separate space for

eating mid day meal 28 24 18 39 10 32

Playground / space for

playing 77 42 36 24 50 52

School boundary wall 30 30 74 62 90 10

School development

plan 65 56 12

No appropriate

data available

No appropriate

data available 31

School management

committee 75 52 6

No appropriate

data available

No appropriate

data available

53



The survey involved field level inquiry in 338 schools engaged in the delivery of elementary

education (Jalpaiguri- 60, Malda

and West Midnapur- 121). Total 51363 children are enrolled in these schools at the time of

study out of which 24359 (47.43%) children are girls.

government schools. As already mentioned a structured questionnaire was used in the schools

in order to assess -the situation of infrastructural preparation as per the RTE norms, and

develop an understanding on the functional aspects of the schools accordingly by taking into

account the status of school and child entitlement. This report is thus base

only.

The first part of the report contains the details of the collected data. The second part portrays the

analysis of the data, followed by the concluding part containing the recommendations.

5. Detailed Analysis

5.1. Issues concerning admission in School

Section 4 of The Right of the Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009, provides for

age appropriate admission in school.

The collected data in this regard shows considerable progress with 97.04% of the students,

covered under the survey, being admitted in age appropriate classes.

0102030405060708090

100

Yes No Yes

JALPAIGURI MALDA

Age appropriate class wise admission



60, Malda-100, Purulia- 34, South 24 Parganas- 13, South Dinajpur

Total 51363 children are enrolled in these schools at the time of

study out of which 24359 (47.43%) children are girls. These schools are government aided and


the situation of infrastructural preparation as per the RTE norms, and


account the status of school and child entitlement. This report is thus based on primary data



Issues concerning admission in School

Source: Field Survey


age appropriate admission in school.


covered under the survey, being admitted in age appropriate classes.

No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes

MALDA PURULIA S24PARGANA S DINAJPUR W MIDNAPUR

Age appropriate class wise admission



13, South Dinajpur- 10,

Total 51363 children are enrolled in these schools at the time of

These schools are government aided and


the situation of infrastructural preparation as per the RTE norms, and


d on primary data





No

W MIDNAPUR



Whereas the Act proclaims for free elementary education, 9.46 schools have been reported to

have taken fees during admission, violating the very essence of the Act. Jalpaiguri District has

the highest number of schools demanding fees during admission, whic

Admission test for children

Subsection 2 of Section 13 of the Act declares “No school

child, collect any capitation fee and subject the child or his or her parents or guardian to any

screening procedure”. If a child is subject to screening procedure by a school or a person, then

it shall be punishable with fine whi

first contravention and fifty thousand rupees for subsequent contravention.

surveyed schools have taken admission test for children

0

20

40

60

80

100

Yes No Yes

JALPAIGURI MALDA

Fees taken during admission

0102030405060708090

100





number of schools demanding fees during admission, which is 38.33%.

Admission test for children Admission test for guardian


Subsection 2 of Section 13 of the Act declares “No school or person shall, while admitting a


”. If a child is subject to screening procedure by a school or a person, then

it shall be punishable with fine which may extend up to twenty-five thousand rupees for the

first contravention and fifty thousand rupees for subsequent contravention.

surveyed schools have taken admission test for children


MALDA PURULIA S24PARGANA S DINAJPUR W

MIDNAPUR

Fees taken during admission

yes

no0

102030405060708090

100




h is 38.33%.

Admission test for guardian

shall, while admitting a


”. If a child is subject to screening procedure by a school or a person, then

five thousand rupees for the

first contravention and fifty thousand rupees for subsequent contravention. 4.43% of the

No

W

MIDNAPUR

yes

no



“No child shall be denied admission in a school for lack of age proof” as mentioned in Sub

section2 of Section 14 of the Act

been surveyed demanded birth certificates during admission.

Jalpiguri with 70%, Malda with 73%, Purulia with 58.8%, South 24 Parganas with 76.92%, Outh

Dinajpur with 100% and West Midnapur with 72.72% schools demanding birth certificates

during admission.

5.2. Status of Children entitlement after admission

All children received text books for their

respective classes

91.12% of the children covered under the survey reported to have received text books for their

respective classes and 66.27% of the children have received uniform from school.

0

20

40

60

80

100

Yes No Yes

JALPAIGURI MALDA

Demand for birth certificate

020406080

100



admission in a school for lack of age proof” as mentioned in Sub

section2 of Section 14 of the Act. However, the survey revealed that 71.89 % schools that have

been surveyed demanded birth certificates during admission. The District-wise details shows

iguri with 70%, Malda with 73%, Purulia with 58.8%, South 24 Parganas with 76.92%, Outh


ren entitlement after admission

All children received text books for their

respective classes

All children received uniform from the

school

Source: Field Survey % of the children covered under the survey reported to have received text books for their

% of the children have received uniform from school.



Demand for birth certificate

yes

no

020406080

100


admission in a school for lack of age proof” as mentioned in Sub-

71.89 % schools that have

wise details shows

iguri with 70%, Malda with 73%, Purulia with 58.8%, South 24 Parganas with 76.92%, Outh


received uniform from the

% of the children covered under the survey reported to have received text books for their

No

W MIDNAPUR

yes

no



Out of the surveyed schools, 25.44 % schools have reported to have lack of proper sitting arrangements

The RTE Act proclaims certain norms and standards for a school, where it mentions that each of

the school buildings needs to have

35.79% schools covered under the survey do not have access to potable water.

0

20

40

60

80

100

Yes No Yes

JALPAIGURI MALDA

All children can sit properly in their respective class

0

20

40

60

80

100

Yes No Yes

JALPAIGURI MALDA

Access to safe drinking water



of the surveyed schools, 25.44 % schools have reported to have lack of proper sitting arrangements



the school buildings needs to have safe and adequate drinking water facility to all children.

covered under the survey do not have access to potable water.



All children can sit properly in their respective class



MIDNAPUR

Access to safe drinking water


of the surveyed schools, 25.44 % schools have reported to have lack of proper sitting arrangements


safe and adequate drinking water facility to all children.

Yes No

W MIDNAPUR

No

W

MIDNAPUR



Under the norms and standards for school, the Act also

boys and girls. 45.26% of the surveyed

5.3. Status of Child Protection

Under prohibition of physical punishment and mental harassment to child, Sub

Section 17 entitles, “No child shall be subjected to physical punishment or mental harassment”

and Sub-section 2 of Section 29 says, “making the child free of fear, t

helping the child to express views freely”.

punishment. The District-wise break up shows Jalpaiguri having 13.33%

Pargnas having 46.15% and West Midnapur h

01020304050607080

Yes No Yes

JALPAIGURI MALDA

Access to separate toilet for boys / girls

0

20

40

60

80

100

Yes No Yes

JALPAIGURI MALDA

Children face corporal punishment



Under the norms and standards for school, the Act also proclaims to provide separate toilets

% of the surveyed schools have no separate toilets for boys and girls

of Child Protection in School


Under prohibition of physical punishment and mental harassment to child, Sub


section 2 of Section 29 says, “making the child free of fear, trauma and anxiety and

helping the child to express views freely”. 93.19 children have reported to have faced corporal

wise break up shows Jalpaiguri having 13.33%, Malda having 6%, South 24

Pargnas having 46.15% and West Midnapur having 2.48% students facing Corporal Punishment





MALDA PURULIA S24PARGANA S DINAJPUR

MIDNAPUR

Children face corporal punishment


proclaims to provide separate toilets for

schools have no separate toilets for boys and girls.

Under prohibition of physical punishment and mental harassment to child, Sub-section 1 of


rauma and anxiety and

93.19 children have reported to have faced corporal

, Malda having 6%, South 24

facing Corporal Punishment.

Yes No

W MIDNAPUR


No

W

MIDNAPUR



5.4. Mid-Day Meal Status

Children getting cooked MDM

Kitchen for MDM

Separate space for eating MDM


020406080

100JA

LPA

IGU

RI

MA

LDA

PU

RU

LIA

S2

4P

AR

GA

NA

S D

INA

JPU

R

W M

IDN

AP

UR

0

20

40

60

80

100

JALP

AIG

UR

I

MA

LDA

PU

RU

LIA

S2

4P

AR

GA

NA

S D

INA

JPU

R

W M

IDN

AP

UR

0

20

40

60

80

100

JALP

AIG

UR

I

MA

LDA

PU

RU

LIA

S2

4P

AR

GA

NA

S D

INA

JPU

R

W M

IDN

AP

UR


Status

Children getting cooked MDM Children can eat MDM properly

MDM Pre-primary children are getting

92.89% of the children covered under the

survey receive cooked MDM.

children are not be able to eat mid day meal

properly due to lack of proper space and

quality constraints.

The norms and standards for school mention

that there has to be a “kitchen where mid

day meal is cooked in the school”.

the surveyed schools have Kitchen for MDM.

72.48% of the students covered under the

survey of Pre-primary gets MDM.

schools do not have separate space for eating

MDM.

yes

no

020406080

100

JALP

AIG

UR

I

MA

LDA

PU

RU

LIA

S2

4P

AR

GA

NA

S D

INA

JPU

R

yes

no 0

20

40

60

80

100

JALP

AIG

UR

I

MA

LDA

PU

RU

LIA

S2

4P

AR

GA

NA

S D

INA

JPU

R

yes

no


Children can eat MDM properly

primary children are getting MD

92.89% of the children covered under the

survey receive cooked MDM. However, 12.13

children are not be able to eat mid day meal

properly due to lack of proper space and

The norms and standards for school mention

that there has to be a “kitchen where mid-

day meal is cooked in the school”. 81.06% of

schools have Kitchen for MDM.

% of the students covered under the

gets MDM. 72.78%

eparate space for eating

S D

INA

JPU

R

W M

IDN

AP

UR

yes

no

S D

INA

JPU

R

W M

IDN

AP

UR

yes

no



5.5. Special Training support

Slow learner children receive Special Training support

The facility of special training support mentioned in the RTE Act is one of its unique features.

Section 4 of Chapter 2 and Section 8 and 9 of Chapter 3 of the act mentions it in details. In

chapter three the responsibility of providing

State and the Local Government.

special training support and only 16.56% of the surveyed schools have reported to provide

special training books to slow learners.

5.6. Children with Special Needs

Disability aids for disabled children

0102030405060708090

100

JALP

AIG

UR

I

MA

LDA

PU

RU

LIA

S2

4P

AR

GA

NA

S D

INA

JPU

R

W M

IDN

AP

UR

0102030405060708090

100

JALP

AIG

UR

I

MA

LDA

PU

RU

LIA

S2

4P

AR

GA

NA

S D

INA

JPU

R

W M

IDN

AP

UR

Study on Status of the Factors responsible for Enrollment And Retention of Children in School of West Bengal

Special Training support

Slow learner children receive Special Training support Special Training books given to slow learners




chapter three the responsibility of providing special training has been rested upon the Central,

State and the Local Government. Only 37.86% of the schools covered under the survey provide


special training books to slow learners.

Children with Special Needs

Disability aids for disabled children Separate toilet for CWSN

yes

no 0102030405060708090

100

JALP

AIG

UR

I

MA

LDA

PU

RU

LIA

S2

4P

AR

GA

NA

S D

INA

JPU

R

yes

no0

102030405060708090

100

JALP

AIG

UR

I

MA

LDA

PU

RU

LIA

S2

4P

AR

GA

NA

S D

INA

JPU

R

Study on Status of the Factors responsible for Enrollment And Retention of Children in School of West Bengal

Special Training books given to slow learners



s been rested upon the Central,

Only 37.86% of the schools covered under the survey provide


Separate toilet for CWSN

S D

INA

JPU

R

W M

IDN

AP

UR

yes

no

S D

INA

JPU

R

W M

IDN

AP

UR

yes

no



Sub-section 2 of Section 3 proclaims “provided that a child suffering from disability…., shall

have the right to pursue free and compulsory elementary education……” The norms and

standards mentioned in the Schedule for school building provides for barrier

Disappointingly the survey reveals that

disabled children, only 10.94% of the schools have Separate toilet for CWSN

the school covered under the study

5.7. Status of the compliance with the Norms and Standards for a School

96.15% of the surveyed schools have their own building.

0

20

40

60

80

100

0

20

40

60

80

100

Yes No Yes

JALPAIGURI MALDA


Ramp for CWSN


section 2 of Section 3 proclaims “provided that a child suffering from disability…., shall


standards mentioned in the Schedule for school building provides for barrier –free access.

Disappointingly the survey reveals that 74.55% of the schools do not provide any aid to the

of the schools have Separate toilet for CWSN and only

the school covered under the study have Ramp for CWSN.

Status of the compliance with the Norms and Standards for a School


96.15% of the surveyed schools have their own building.

yes

no



School has own building


section 2 of Section 3 proclaims “provided that a child suffering from disability…., shall


free access.

not provide any aid to the

and only 52.66% of

Status of the compliance with the Norms and Standards for a School

Yes No

W MIDNAPUR



Section 11 of the Act says, “With a view to prepare children above the age of three

elementary education and to provide early childhood care and education for all children until

they complete the age of six years, the appropriate Government may make necessary

arrangement for providing free pre

covered under the survey have started pre

Designated classroom for each class

0102030405060708090

100

Yes No Yes

JALPAIGURI MALDA

Pre

0102030405060708090

100



Section 11 of the Act says, “With a view to prepare children above the age of three



arrangement for providing free pre-school education for such children”.

covered under the survey have started pre-primary sections.

Designated classroom for each class



Pre-primary section has been started

yes

no


Section 11 of the Act says, “With a view to prepare children above the age of three years for



75.44% schools

Yes No

W MIDNAPUR



Separate teacher's room Separate head

The Standard and norms mentioned for a school makes it mandatory for all the schools to have

all-weather building consisting of at least one class

store-cum-Head teacher’s room.

However, the survey reveals that

children. Only 40.82% schools have separate teacher's room

separate rooms for head-teacher cum store room.

99.11% of the schools covered under the survey have Black board with chalk and duster.

0

20

40

60

80

100

JALP

AIG

UR

I

MA

LDA

PU

RU

LIA

S2

4P

AR

GA

NA

S D

INA

JPU

R

W M

IDN

AP

UR

0102030405060708090

100

Yes No Yes

JALPAIGURI MALDA

Black board with chalk and duster


Separate teacher's room Separate head-teacher cum store



weather building consisting of at least one class-room for every teacher and an office

Head teacher’s room.

the survey reveals that only 53.84% schools have separate classroom for each

children. Only 40.82% schools have separate teacher's room and only 36.98% schools have

teacher cum store room.


schools covered under the survey have Black board with chalk and duster.

yes

no 0

20

40

60

80

100

JALP

AIG

UR

I

MA

LDA

PU

RU

LIA

S2

4P

AR

GA

NA

S D

INA

JPU

R



Black board with chalk and duster


teacher cum store room


room for every teacher and an office-cum-

only 53.84% schools have separate classroom for each

36.98% schools have

schools covered under the survey have Black board with chalk and duster.

S D

INA

JPU

R

W M

IDN

AP

UR

yes

no

Yes No

W MIDNAPUR



The norms and standards for schools also make it obligatory to have adequate teaching

learning equipment for all the classes. Sub

“learning through activities, discovery and exploration in a child friendly and child

manner”. 28.99% schools covered under the survey do not have Adequate TLM for all classes.

0102030405060708090

100

Yes No Yes

JALPAIGURI MALDA

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Yes No Yes No

JALPAIGURI MALDA




learning equipment for all the classes. Sub-section 2 of Section 29 also mentions to have

learning through activities, discovery and exploration in a child friendly and child

28.99% schools covered under the survey do not have Adequate TLM for all classes.



Adequate TLM for all classes



Playground / space for playing



also mentions to have

learning through activities, discovery and exploration in a child friendly and child-centered

28.99% schools covered under the survey do not have Adequate TLM for all classes.

Yes No

W MIDNAPUR

Yes No

W MIDNAPUR



Under the norms and standards for school, the Act also proclaims to provide for playground for

children. Only 50.59% of the surveyed schools have Playground / space for playing.

The norms and standards for the schools mention that there has to be a playground in

school. It also proclaims “arrangements for securing the school building by boundary wall or

fencing”. Disappointingly only 29.88% of the schools have boundary wall

5.8. One of the important aspects of ensuring q

71.89% of the schools under the survey

0102030405060708090

100

Yes No Yes No

JALPAIGURI MALDA

0

20

40

60

80

100

Yes No Yes

JALPAIGURI MALDA


norms and standards for school, the Act also proclaims to provide for playground for

50.59% of the surveyed schools have Playground / space for playing.

The norms and standards for the schools mention that there has to be a playground in


only 29.88% of the schools have boundary wall.

One of the important aspects of ensuring quality education


under the survey have trained teachers from SSM.



School boundary wall



Trained teachers from SSM


norms and standards for school, the Act also proclaims to provide for playground for

50.59% of the surveyed schools have Playground / space for playing.

The norms and standards for the schools mention that there has to be a playground in every


uality education-Teachers

Yes No

W MIDNAPUR

Yes No

W MIDNAPUR



74.26% schools covered under the survey

5.9. Status of Student-

0

20

40

60

80

100

Yes No Yes

JALPAIGURI MALDA

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Yes No Yes No

JALPAIGURI MALDA

Pupil



covered under the survey reported to have Lesson plans for each classes

-Teacher ratio as per RTE Norms:




Lesson plans for each classes

No Yes No Yes No Yes No


Pupil - Teacher ratio as per RTE norms


reported to have Lesson plans for each classes.

Yes No

W MIDNAPUR

Yes No

W MIDNAPUR



The norms and standards mentioned for schools also lays standard for maintaining Pupil

teacher ratio which is as follows

to nine, three teachers, between ninety

there has to be five teachers, if there are above one hundred and fifty children there has to be

five teachers and one head teacher. If the student strength is above two hundred children then

the Pupil-Teacher Ratio shall not exceed forty

as per RTE norms.

5.10. School Management and Development Plan

Sub-section 3 of Section 22 proclaims, “Every School Management Committee …..shall

a School Development Plan, in such a manner as may be prescribed. Only 45.56% of the total

number of surveyed schools has their School Development Plan in place. Whereas, West

Midnapur and Purulia portrays the lowest percentage of 30.57% and 11.76

their School Development Plan only.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Yes No

JALPAIGURI

School development plan


The norms and standards mentioned for schools also lays standard for maintaining Pupil

teacher ratio which is as follows—for sixty children there has to be two teachers, for sixty

to nine, three teachers, between ninety-one to one hundred and twenty-one to two hundred



hall not exceed forty. 50% of the schools maintain Pupil

Management and Development Plan


section 3 of Section 22 proclaims, “Every School Management Committee …..shall



Midnapur and Purulia portrays the lowest percentage of 30.57% and 11.76%

only.

Yes No Yes No Yes No

MALDA PURULIA W MIDNAPUR

School development plan


The norms and standards mentioned for schools also lays standard for maintaining Pupil-

for sixty children there has to be two teachers, for sixty-one

one to two hundred



50% of the schools maintain Pupil - Teacher ratio

section 3 of Section 22 proclaims, “Every School Management Committee …..shall prepare



% schools having

No

W MIDNAPUR



Sub-Section 1 of Section 21 says, “A scho

Committee….” 44.97% of the schools covered under the survey do not have School

Management Committee formed even after three years of the enactment of the RTE Act.

Purulia shows the worst picture with only 5.88% of the schools covered under the survey having

School Management Committee.

Act.

But the actual problem is that most of the schools are not aware of the

Committee mentioned in the Act. In these schools the previously formed

functioning. Hence, the data collected from the Districts do not give us the actual data

management committees from the survey.

Only 65.08% of the guardians covered are aware of student's entitlements

0

20

40

60

80

100

Yes No

JALPAIGURI

School management committee

020406080

100

Yes No Yes

JALPAIGURI MALDA

Whether the guardians are aware of students' entitlement



Section 1 of Section 21 says, “A school....shall constitute a School Management

44.97% of the schools covered under the survey do not have School



agement Committee. However, the respondents are not sure if it is according to the

But the actual problem is that most of the schools are not aware of the School Management

Committee mentioned in the Act. In these schools the previously formed committees are still

functioning. Hence, the data collected from the Districts do not give us the actual data

management committees from the survey.


Only 65.08% of the guardians covered are aware of student's entitlements.

Yes No Yes No Yes No

MALDA PURULIA W MIDNAPUR

School management committee



MIDNAPUR

Whether the guardians are aware of students' entitlement


shall constitute a School Management

44.97% of the schools covered under the survey do not have School



However, the respondents are not sure if it is according to the

School Management

committees are still

functioning. Hence, the data collected from the Districts do not give us the actual data of school

No

W MIDNAPUR

No

W

MIDNAPUR



6. Conclusion and Recommendations:

The analysis of the data shows that the study has found certain important progresses made

towards and study has found some important progresses made towards universal access

towards partial implementation of the Act. This is because some of the aspects covered

under the study show quite a lot of improvements.

However there are yet certain aspects that required immediate coming into force to ensure

equitable and quality education for all children. Government need to take certain steps to

address those issues and need to have a time-bound plan for ensuring availability of

teachers, school infrastructure, formation of SMC and initiation of special training facility.

Some more suggestions are as follows:

• Revision of the state rule and several notifications by the State Government that

contradicts the essence of the central Act.

• Ensure proper functionality of SCPCR

• Immediate formation of SMCs both in primary and upper primary school

• Recruitment of full time teacher should be recruited to maintain pupil teacher ratio

(PTR) as per the RTE norms

• Improvement of school infrastructure

• Ensure cent percent protection of children by abolishing Corporal punishment, and

teaching the teachers and school authorities the guidelines provided by NCPCR on

Corporal Punishment,

• Withdrawal of contradictory notifications, issued by the Education Department, on

corporal punishment & School Fees.

• Establishment of neighborhood Schools for maintaining teacher student ratio as per the

norm & Act.

• Ensure 25% reservation in all Pvt. Schools,

• Establishment a mechanism through legislation to control over the Pvt. Schools,



Annexure 1: Survey Format

Child Entitlement

Sl Child Entitlements Yes No NA Remarks / Observation

1 Age appropriate class wise admission (Age appropriate class wise

admission)

2 Fees taken during admission

3 Admission test for children

4 Admission test for guardian

5 Discrimination

6 Demand for birth certificate

7 All children received text books for their

respective classes

8 All children received uniform from the school

9 All children can sit properly in their respective

class

10 Access to safe drinking water

11 Access to separate toilet for boys / girls

12 Children face corporal punishment

13 Children get chance to play in school

14 Children get cooked mid day meal

15 Children can eat mid day meal properly

16 Slow learner children receive Special Training

support

17 Special Training books given to slow learners

18 Disability aids for disabled children

19 Whether the guardians are aware of students'

entitlement



School Entitlement

Sl SCHOOL STATUS Yes No NA Remarks / Observation

1 School has own building

2 Pre-primary section has been started

3 Designated classroom for each class

4 Separate teacher's room

5 Separate head-teacher cum store room

6 Black board with chalk and duster

7 Adequate text books for all classes

8 Adequate TLM for all classes

9 Trained teachers from SSM

10 Lesson plans for each classes

11 Pupil - Teacher ratio as per RTE norms

12 Arrangement of safe drinking water

13 Separate toilet for CWSN

14 Ramp for CWSN

15 Kitchen for mid day meal

16 Pre-primary children are getting mid day meal

17 Separate space for eating mid day meal

18 Playground / space for playing

19 School boundary wall

20 School development plan

21 School management committee



A Study on Status of the Factors responsible for Enrollment And Retention of Children in School of West BengalA Study on Status of the Factors responsible for Enrollment And Retention of Children in School of West Bengal

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