facilities mngt ch5 layout.pptx

7/24/2019 facilities mngt Ch5 Layout.pptx

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Chap 4 - Facility Layout:Manufacturing and Services


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Introduction

Facilitylayoutmeans planning: for the location of all machines, utilities, employeeworkstations, customer service areas, materialstorage areas, aisles, restrooms, lunchrooms,internal walls, offices, and computer rooms

for the flow patterns of materials and peoplearound, into, and within buildings

infrastructure services such as the delivery of linecommunications, energy, and water and theremoval of waste water all make up basic utilities.


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Locate All Areas In and AroundBuildings

Equipment Work stations

Material storage

Restbreak areas

!tilities

Eating areas

"isles

#ffices


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Characteristics of the FacilityLayout Decision

$ocation of these various areas impacts the flowthrough the system.

%he layout can affect productivity and costs

generated by the system.

$ayout alternatives are limited by the amount and type of space required for the

various areas

the amount and type of space available

the operations strategy

. . . more


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Characteristics of the FacilityLayout Decision

$ayout decisions tend to be: &nfrequent

E'pensive to implement

(tudied and evaluated e'tensively

$ong)term commitments


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Objectives of the LayoutStrategy

*evelop an economical layout which will meet

the requirements of:

product design and volume +product strategy

-rocess equipment and capacity +process

strategy

quality of work life +human resource strategy

building and site constraints +location strategy


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Requireents of a !ood Layout

" good layout requires: an understanding of capacity space requirements

selection of appropriate material handling equipment

decisions regarding environment and aesthetics identification and understanding of the requirements

for information flow

identification of the cost of moving between the

various work areas


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In"uts to the Layout Decision

/. (pecification of ob0ectives of the system in terms ofoutput and fle'ibility.

1. Estimation of product or service demand on thesystem.

2. -rocessing requirements in terms of number ofoperations and amount of flow betweendepartments and work centers.

3. (pace requirements for the elements in the layout.

4. (pace availability within the facility itself.


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#anufacturing

Facility Layouts


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Basic Layout Fors -rocess

-roduct

5ellular

6i'ed position

7ybrid +mi'ed


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$rocess %&ob Sho"' Layouts !sed when the operations system must handle a

wide variety of products in relatively small volumes+i.e., fle'ibility is necessary

*esigned to facilitate processing items or providing

services that present a variety of processing

requirements.

%he layouts include departments or other functional

groupings in which similar kinds of activities are

performed.

" manufacturing e'ample of a process layout is the

machine shop, which has separate departments for

milling, grinding, drilling, and so on.


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Characteristics of $rocessLayouts

8eneral)purpose equipment is used 5hangeover is rapid Material handling equipment is fle'ible #perators are highly skilled %echnical supervision is required -lanning, scheduling and controlling functions

are challenging

-roduction time is relatively long &n)process inventory is relatively high


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$roduct %Assebly Line'Layouts

-roduct layoutsare used to achieve a smoothand rapid flow of large volumes of products orcustomers through a system.

" 0ob is divided into a series of standardi9edtasks, permitting speciali9ation of both labor andequipment.

%he large volumes handled by these systems

usually make it economical to invest hugeamount of money in equipment and 0ob design.


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$roduct %Assebly Line'Layouts(

6or instance, if a portion of a manufacturingoperation required the sequence of cutting,sanding, and painting, the appropriate pieces ofequipment would be arranged in that samesequence.

#perations are arranged in the sequencerequired to make the product

-roduct layouts achieve a high degree of laborand equipment utili9ation.


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Characteristics of $roductLayouts (pecial)purpose equipment are used 5hangeover is e'pensive and lengthy

Material flow is continuous

Material handling equipment is fi'ed

$ittle direct supervision is required

-lanning, scheduling and controlling functions

are relatively straight)forward

-roduction time for a unit is relatively short &n)process inventory is relatively low


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Cellular #anufacturing %C#'Layouts Cellular manufacturingis a type of layout in

which machines are grouped into what isreferred to as a cell.

8roupings are determined by the operationsneeded to perform work for a set of similaritems, or part familiesthat require similarprocessing.


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Cellular #anufacturing %C#'Layouts(

%hese relate to the grouping of equipment andinclude faster processing time, less materialhandling, less work)in)process inventory, andreduced setup time.

!sed when the operations system must handlea moderate variety of productsin moderatevolumes


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Fi)ed*$osition Layouts &n fi'ed)position layouts, the item being worked on

remains stationary, and workers, materials, and

equipment are moved as needed.

6i'ed)position layouts are used in large

construction pro0ects +buildings, power plants, anddams, shipbuilding, and production of large

aircraft and space mission rockets.

6i'ed)position layouts are widely used for farming,

firefighting, road building, home building,remodeling and repair, and drilling for oil.


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+ybrid %i)ed' Layouts

"ctually, most manufacturing facilities use acombination of layout types.

"n e'ample of a hybrid layout is where departments

are arranged according to the types of processesbut the products flow through on a product layout.


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+ybrid %i)ed' Layouts(

6or instance, supermarket layouts arefundamentally of a process nature, and however wefind most use fi'ed)path material)handling devicessuch as roller)type conveyors both in the stockroomand at checkouts, and belt)type conveyors at the

cash registers.

7ospitals also use the basic process arrangement,although frequently patient care involves more of afi'ed)position approach, in which nurses, doctors,medicines, and special equipment are brought tothe patient.


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,e- .rends in#anufacturing Layouts *esigned for quality and fle'ibility "bility to quickly shift to different product models

or to different production rates 5ellular layout within larger process layouts

"utomated material handling !)shaped production lines More open work areas with fewer walls,

partitions, or other obstacles

(maller and more compact factory layouts $ess space provided for storage of inventories

throughout the layout


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$roduct Layout*Advantages/Disadvantages

Advantages:

$ow cost variable cost per

unit

$ower material handling

costs reduction in work in)

process inventories

easier training and

supervision

Disadvantages:

+igh volue required

because of largeinitial investent

0or1 sto""age at any"oint ties u" the

-hole "rocess Lac1 of 2e)ibility in

handling variety of"roducts or"roduction rates


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facilities mngt ch5 layout.pptx

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