Chapter 3 – Using the Internet

Making the Most of the Web’s Resources

The Internet and How It Works What is Internet ?

The origin of the Internet How the Internet works

Communicating and Collaborating on the Web What is Social Networking ?

Web 2.0

Web Entertainment

Conducting Business over the Internet What is E-Commerce ?

Accessing and Moving Around the Internet Web Brower

URL Hyperlinks

Searching the Web Effectively Search Engines

Contents

The Internet is the largest computer network in the world, connecting millions of computers.

A world-wide network of computers allows people to share information electronically.

Government and military officials developed the early Internet as a reliable way to communicate in the event of war. Eventually, scien-tists and educators used the Internet to exchange research.

A network of networks, joining many government, university and private computers together and providing an infrastructure for the use of E-mail, bulletin boards, file archives, hypertext documents, databases and other computational resources.

The Internet and How It Works

What is Internet ?

The usage of Internet

Apply for jobs or schools

Fill out government forms

Check bank accounts

Communicate with family, friends

and co-workers

Do research

Learn new skills

Read news

Watch videos

The Internet and How It Works

What is Internet ?

Evolved from Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET). In 1969 ARPANET was born on. First named as ARPANET. This is renamed as INTERNET

Vinton Cerf : Father of Internet, Co-designer of the TCP/IP networking

protocol.

4 nodes were inter-connected: UCLA,SRI,UCSB, U. of Utah

Charley Kline from UCLA sent 1st packet.

The Internet and How It Works

The origin of the Internet

Data Travel A computer (or other device) connected to the Internet acts

as either a client (a computer that asks for information) or a server (a computer that receives the request and returns the information to the client).

Data travels between clients and servers along a system of communication lines or pathways. The largest and fastest of these pathways is the Internet backbone.

To ensure that data is sent to the correct computer along the pathways, IP addresses (unique ID numbers) are assigned to all computers connected to the Internet.

The Internet and How It Works

How the Internet Works

Data Travel : Client and Server Network

The Internet and How It Works

How the Internet Works

Internet Protocol (IP) address How computers connected to the Internet identify each other Websites are assigned unique IP addresses

The Internet and How It Works

How the Internet Works

WWW (World Wide Web) WWW (World Wide Web) is subset of the Internet Common protocols enable computers to talk to each other Most important service provided by Internet. An internet-based hypermedia initiative for global information sharing. Developed in 1989 by Tim Berners-Lee of the European Particle Physics

Lab (CERN) in Switzerland.

◦ Tim Berners-Lee • Father of W W W and the inventor of HTML.• Invented W W W while working at CERN, the European Particle Physics Labora-

tory.

The Internet and How It Works

How the Internet Works

Three main ways to connect to the Internet

Dial-Up All you need is a computer, phone-line and Internet Service Provider! (ISP) Not as fast as other Internet connections, but often more affordable

High Speed/DSL Travels through fiber-optic cables underground Needs to be connected by a Modem to your computer• Modem: A hub that connects the computer to the Internet

Faster than Dial-up

Wireless Connection (Wi-Fi) Your computer must be a “Wireless enabled” device Your computer can pick up signals from different wireless networks Some networks require passwords or a subscription, others are free

The Internet and How It Works

How the Internet Works

Social Networking is the use of communities to engage with others: Face-book, MySpace, LinkedIn, Twitter.

Social Networking sites often include social media tools to facilitate the in-teraction and conversation

A social network is a map of the relationships between individuals, indicat-ing the ways in which they are connected through various social familiarit-ies ranging from casual acquaintance to close familial bonds." Wikipedia

Social Networking

What is Social Networking?

Friendship

• Keeping in Touch

• Developing new relation-ships

Sharing

• Photos• Links• Interests

Community

• Causes• Beliefs• Advocacy

Communicating and Collaborating on the Web

What is Social Networking?

Social networking sites typically let users develop a list of friends. You can explore your friends' buddy lists and find people with similar in-

terests. You can perform a number of online activities: blogging, media-sharing,

commenting, testimonials. You can personalize your 'space' easily using themes and widgets to make

it look different from other people's.

Seven Social Networking Statistics

77% of Fortune Global 100 Companies Use Twitter

70% of Local Businesses Use Facebook For Marketing

One in every nine people on Earth is on Facebook

People spend 700 billion minutes per month on Facebook

Each Facebook user spends on average 15 hours and 33 minutes a month on the

site

More than 250 million people access Facebook through their mobile devices

It’s no longer a question about whether you use Social Media , but how well

you do it

Communicating and Collaborating on the Web

What is Social Networking?

Web 2.0 can be described as the social web, in which the user is also a participant. Before Web 2.0 technologies were

in place, we were only able to be passive users of the web.

Web 2.0 is a term often applied to a perceived ongoing transition of the World Wide Web from a collection of websites to a full-fledged computing platform serving web applications to end users. Ultimately Web 2.0 ser-vices are expected to replace desktop computing applications for many purposes.“ Wikipedia

Examples of Web 2.0 technologies include social networking sites, blogs, wikis, podcasts, and webcasts. Social networking sites enable you to communicate and share information with friends as well as meet and con-nect with others.

Communicating and Collaborating on the Web

Web 2.0

Blogs are journal entries posted to the web that are  gener-ally organized by a topic or area of interest and are publicly available. Generally, one person writes the blog, and others can comment on the journal entries.

Video logs are personal journals that use video as the pri-mary content in addition to text, images, and audio.

Wikis are a type of website that allows users to collaborate on content—adding, removing, or editing it. A Wiki is a website that allows users to change content Wikipedia uses wiki technology so content can be updated continually Google Docs has wiki-like features

Communicating and Collaborating on the Web

Web 2.0

Webcasts are broadcasts of audio or video content over the Internet. Most webcasts are distributed in “real time,” un-like podcasts that are usually pre-recorded and made available for download.

Podcasts are audio or video content that is avail-able over the Internet. Users subscribe to receive updates to podcasts.

Communicating and Collaborating on the Web

Web 2.0

Multimedia is anything that involves one or more forms of me-dia in addition to text, such as graphics, audio, and video clips.

Sometimes you need a special software program called a plug-in (or player) to view and hear multimedia files. Plug-ins are often installed in new computers or are offered free of charge at manufacturers’ websites.

Web Entertainment

Web Entertainment

E-commerce or electronic commerce is the process of conducting business online.

Because more business than ever before is conducted online, numerous safeguards have been put in place to ensure that transactions are pro-tected. Some important safeguards to keep in mind include looking for in-dicators that the website is secure, shopping at well-known, reputable sites, and avoiding making on line transactions on public computers.

Conducting Business over the Internet

What is E-Commerce ?

19

Types of E-Commerce

Business-to-consumer e-commerce (B2C)

Connects individual consumers with sellers , cutting out the middleman

E.g. Amazon.com

Business-to-business e-commerce (B2B)

Supports business transactions on across private networks, the Internet, and the Web

E.g. Tpn.com

Consumer-to-consumer e-commerce (C2C)

Connects individual sellers with people shopping for used items

E.g. ebay.com

Conducting Business over the Internet

What is E-Commerce ?

20

Top 10 e-commerce developments of the last decade

Conducting Business over the Internet

What is E-Commerce ?

Once you're connected to the Internet, in order to locate, navigate to, and view web pages, you need to install special software called a web browser on your system.

The most common web browsers are In-ternet Explorer, Firefox, Google Chrome, and Safari.

Safari: for Apples/Macintosh

Internet Explorer: for Windows only

Google Chrome: created by Google

Mozilla Firefox: works on Mac & PC

Accessing and Moving Around the Internet

Web Browser

You gain access to a website by typing in its address, called a Uniform Resource

Locator (URL).

A URL is composed of several parts, including the protocol, the domain, the top-level domain, and paths (or subdirectories).

Sample URL’s (or Internet Addresses)

Accessing and Moving Around the Internet

URL (Uniform Resource Locator)

Internet Address or URL Global Domains

http://www.angelfire.com commercial site

http://www.msstate.edu educational site

http://www.intop.net network organization

http://www.navy.mil military

http://www.____.org not for profit organization

http://www.____.gov gov. agency,dept.

One unique aspect of the web is that you can jump from place to place by clicking on specially formatted pieces of text or images called hyperlinks.

You can also use the Back and Forward buttons, History lists, breadcrumb trails, and Favorites or Bookmarks to navigate the web.

Favorites, live bookmarks, and social bookmarking help you return to specific web pages without having to type in the URL and help you orga-nize the web content that is most important to you.

HTTP : Hypertext Transfer Protocol : Hyper Text Markup Lan-

guage

A special language or code used to design and publish documents on the Web

Accessing and Moving Around the Internet

Hyperlinks

A search engine is a set of programs that searches the web using specific keywords you wish to query and then returns a list of the websites on which those keywords are found.

Search engines can be used to search for images, podcasts, and videos in addition to traditional text based web content.

A subject directory is a structured outline of websites organized by topic and subtopic. Metasearch engines search other search engines.

Searching the Web Effectively

Search Engines

Not all websites are equal, and some are better sources for research than others. To evaluate whether it is appropriate to use a website as are source, determine whether the author of the site is reputable and whether the site is intended for your particular needs.

In addition, make sure that the site content is not biased, the informa-

tion on the site is current, and all the links on the site are available and appropriate. If multiple sites offer the same content, this is an-other indication that the information is accurate.

Purpose of Search Engines Helping people find what they’re looking for

Starts with an “information need” Convert to a query Gets results

Searching the Web Effectively

Search Engines