Explorers and Early Explorers and Early SettlementSettlement

Grade Five SocialGrade Five Social

E. LarsonE. Larson

Who was first group of people to Who was first group of people to live in Canada?live in Canada?

The First Nations were the first to live in The First Nations were the first to live in Canada.Canada.

They crossed into what would become They crossed into what would become Canada many thousands of years ago. Canada many thousands of years ago.

Canada’s First NationsCanada’s First Nations

Throughout Canada, there are many Throughout Canada, there are many different groups of First Nation people. different groups of First Nation people.

They all have their own unique language They all have their own unique language and lifestyles.and lifestyles.

They all had similarities and differences in They all had similarities and differences in how they lived off the land.how they lived off the land.

First Nations.First Nations.

What are three Similarities with different What are three Similarities with different First Nation groups, that lived in Canada First Nation groups, that lived in Canada prior to the Europeans?prior to the Europeans?

Most First Nation groups hunted and Most First Nation groups hunted and gathered food, traveled by canoe or gathered food, traveled by canoe or horseback. horseback.

First NationsFirst Nations What are some differences between First Nation What are some differences between First Nation

groups?groups?

Some groups lived in long houses, while others Some groups lived in long houses, while others lived in Tipis. Eg. Mohawk and Blackfootlived in Tipis. Eg. Mohawk and Blackfoot

Some groups were nomadic, while others were Some groups were nomadic, while others were more settled Cree and the Huronmore settled Cree and the Huron

Some groups were primarily gatherers, while Some groups were primarily gatherers, while others farmed and grew their own crops.others farmed and grew their own crops.

Who were the first Europeans to Who were the first Europeans to discover Canada?discover Canada?

The Vikings were the first to discover The Vikings were the first to discover Canada.Canada.

They landed on L’Anse aux Meadows, in They landed on L’Anse aux Meadows, in Newfoundland, in 1000 ADNewfoundland, in 1000 AD

They called Canada, They called Canada, Vinland.Vinland.

L’Anse aux MeadowsL’Anse aux Meadows

Who were the Vikings?Who were the Vikings?

The Viking were men who sailed around the The Viking were men who sailed around the world looking for treasure and resources.world looking for treasure and resources.

They were very strong men, who were not afraid They were very strong men, who were not afraid to fight.to fight.

They were from Scandinavia, which was made They were from Scandinavia, which was made up of Norway, Sweden, Finland and the up of Norway, Sweden, Finland and the Netherlands.Netherlands.

Exploration of the VikingsExploration of the Vikings

Viking ShipsViking Ships

VikingsVikings

Leif Erikson was Leif Erikson was believed to be the first believed to be the first European explorer to European explorer to land in North land in North America.America.

Who were some other European Who were some other European Explorers?Explorers?

There was a long gap in time between the There was a long gap in time between the Vikings and other European explorers. Vikings and other European explorers.

John Cabot was the first European John Cabot was the first European explorer to discover Canada, after the explorer to discover Canada, after the Vikings.Vikings.

Many explorers from England, France, Many explorers from England, France, Spain and Portugal, sailed to Canada.Spain and Portugal, sailed to Canada.

John CabotJohn Cabot

John Cabot or Giovanni Caboto sailed to North John Cabot or Giovanni Caboto sailed to North America in 1497. He claimed parts of America in 1497. He claimed parts of Newfoundland for the King of England.Newfoundland for the King of England.

He discovered great quantities of Cod fish in the He discovered great quantities of Cod fish in the Great Banks.Great Banks.

The people of Europe were interested in sailing The people of Europe were interested in sailing to this new land, because of all of its resources to this new land, because of all of its resources he discovered.he discovered.

John CabotJohn Cabot

John Cabot was John Cabot was initially sent to find a initially sent to find a trade route to Asia.trade route to Asia.

Trade was very Trade was very important to important to European countries. European countries. They wanted to find a They wanted to find a safer and quicker safer and quicker route to Asiaroute to Asia

John Cabot’s RouteJohn Cabot’s Route

Important Facts about John CabotImportant Facts about John Cabot

He was first to discover North America He was first to discover North America after the Vikings.after the Vikings.

Discovered Newfoundland and Grand Discovered Newfoundland and Grand BanksBanks

Sailed on the ship called the Sailed on the ship called the Matthew.Matthew. Died on his second voyage to Canada in a Died on his second voyage to Canada in a

storm.storm.

Jacques CartierJacques Cartier

Sent to North America in 1534 by the King Sent to North America in 1534 by the King of France to bring back gold and jewels.of France to bring back gold and jewels.

Try to establish a settlement in Quebec.Try to establish a settlement in Quebec.

First to meet First Nations, Huron and First to meet First Nations, Huron and establish contact.establish contact.

Jacques CartierJacques Cartier

Sailed and explored more of North Sailed and explored more of North America.America.

Mapped much of the St. Lawrence region Mapped much of the St. Lawrence region and the Atlantic provinces.and the Atlantic provinces.

Named Canada, by misinterpreting the Named Canada, by misinterpreting the word, “Kanata”, which is native for village.word, “Kanata”, which is native for village.

Jacques Cartier and one of his Jacques Cartier and one of his routes.routes.

Important Facts about Jacques Important Facts about Jacques CartierCartier

Second person to discover North America.Second person to discover North America. Explored more of the continent.Explored more of the continent. First to meet First Nation peopleFirst to meet First Nation people Took to sons of a Huron Chief back to Took to sons of a Huron Chief back to

France.France. Tried to establish a French Colony, but Tried to establish a French Colony, but

failed because of weather and disease.failed because of weather and disease. Scurvy is a disease from lack of vitamin C.Scurvy is a disease from lack of vitamin C.

Samuel de ChamplainSamuel de Champlain

Jacques Cartier did not bring back gold or Jacques Cartier did not bring back gold or jewels to the King of France.jewels to the King of France.

Settlement of Canada failed. It would be a Settlement of Canada failed. It would be a long time until France tried again.long time until France tried again.

In 1605, Samuel de Champlain In 1605, Samuel de Champlain successfully established a colony in successfully established a colony in Canada. It was at Port Royal, Nova Scotia.Canada. It was at Port Royal, Nova Scotia.

Samuel de ChamplainSamuel de Champlain

Went on to further establish settlement, Went on to further establish settlement, most notably in present day Quebec City.most notably in present day Quebec City.

Establish good relationships with the Establish good relationships with the Native people.Native people.

Explored and mapped a lot of the Atlantic Explored and mapped a lot of the Atlantic Coast of Canada.Coast of Canada.

Samuel de ChamplainSamuel de Champlain

He was known as the He was known as the Father of New Father of New France.France.

Established many Established many settlements, in what is settlements, in what is known as present day known as present day Quebec. Montreal, Quebec. Montreal, Quebec CityQuebec City

Why did Champlain succeed and Why did Champlain succeed and Cartier did not?Cartier did not?

Champlain picked an area that would be Champlain picked an area that would be sheltered from the harsh weather. Cartier sheltered from the harsh weather. Cartier did not.did not.

Champlain established a good relationship Champlain established a good relationship with the First Nation people. They helped with the First Nation people. They helped the settlers survive on the land. Cartier did the settlers survive on the land. Cartier did not.not.

Why did Champlain succeed and Why did Champlain succeed and Cartier did not? Continued…Cartier did not? Continued…

Cartier’s men developed scurvy, which Cartier’s men developed scurvy, which killed many of them. Champlain learned killed many of them. Champlain learned from the First Nation people how to cure from the First Nation people how to cure Scurvy. Which is a lack of vitamin C.Scurvy. Which is a lack of vitamin C.

New FranceNew France

The country of New France was The country of New France was established, once settlements were established, once settlements were successful.successful.

New France included much of the Atlantic New France included much of the Atlantic coast and parts of Quebec.coast and parts of Quebec.

France encouraged people to move to this France encouraged people to move to this new land.new land.

Map of New France 1597Map of New France 1597

Life of a SettlerLife of a Settler

There were many different types of people There were many different types of people that moved to Canada.that moved to Canada.

Farmers, land owners and merchants Farmers, land owners and merchants were the most common and the greatest in were the most common and the greatest in number.number.

Other people became traders, clergy and Other people became traders, clergy and other various positions.other various positions.

FarmingFarming

The land was divided up into lots. If you The land was divided up into lots. If you came to Canada with money, you could came to Canada with money, you could either buy your own land, or buy many either buy your own land, or buy many plots of land. If you owned land, you were plots of land. If you owned land, you were a Seigneur.a Seigneur.

A person who did not own their own land A person who did not own their own land was called a Habitant.was called a Habitant.

Seigniorial SystemSeigniorial System

Habitants were people who farmed on a Habitants were people who farmed on a piece of land that they did not own.piece of land that they did not own.

Habitants grew the crops and sold them. Habitants grew the crops and sold them. They had to pay a certain percentage of They had to pay a certain percentage of their profit to the land owner. What little their profit to the land owner. What little money they had left, they used to buy money they had left, they used to buy food, clothes and supplies to last the rest food, clothes and supplies to last the rest of the year.of the year.

Seigneurial SystemSeigneurial System

Land was divided up Land was divided up into narrow strips, into narrow strips, along St. Lawrence along St. Lawrence river.river.

The land was owned The land was owned by the King and the by the King and the lords or seigneurs lords or seigneurs managed the farmers managed the farmers or Habitants.or Habitants.

What did New France offer?What did New France offer?

People who wanted to move to New France People who wanted to move to New France were given the opportunity to own land, own were given the opportunity to own land, own their own home or land. Most importantly a job their own home or land. Most importantly a job and a source of income.and a source of income.

People also were excited by the sense of People also were excited by the sense of adventure, living in a New World.adventure, living in a New World.

New France provided opportunities for many New France provided opportunities for many people for a better life for themselves.people for a better life for themselves.

Other ExplorationsOther Explorations

Britain established settlements in Britain established settlements in Newfoundland and Nova Scotia.Newfoundland and Nova Scotia.

Spain and Portugal sailed to Canada.Spain and Portugal sailed to Canada.

European impact on the Native European impact on the Native LifestyleLifestyle

Europeans brought diseases to the First Europeans brought diseases to the First Nations. Nations.

They had never been exposed to such They had never been exposed to such illness and as a result many First Nation illness and as a result many First Nation people died.people died.

European ImpactEuropean Impact

Europeans began hunting and farming in land Europeans began hunting and farming in land that was once used only by the First Nations.that was once used only by the First Nations.

They were having their land taken by them, and They were having their land taken by them, and this was being done without permission.this was being done without permission.

Whoever opposed the Europeans, were killed. Whoever opposed the Europeans, were killed.

European ImpactEuropean Impact

The Fur Trade- furs from Canada became The Fur Trade- furs from Canada became very popular back in Europe. very popular back in Europe.

At first the First Nation people would trade At first the First Nation people would trade these furs to the Europeans for goods.these furs to the Europeans for goods.

Often the First Nations would trade for Often the First Nations would trade for items they did not have. eg: beads, guns, items they did not have. eg: beads, guns, pots, knives, etc.pots, knives, etc.

The Fur TradeThe Fur Trade

It was not fair. The Europeans took It was not fair. The Europeans took advantage of the First Nations. They advantage of the First Nations. They knew they really wanted European goods knew they really wanted European goods and they would trade them less, much less and they would trade them less, much less for a lot of fur.for a lot of fur.

Or they would trade them a gun, but would Or they would trade them a gun, but would not include the bullets and gun powder.not include the bullets and gun powder.

The Fur TradeThe Fur Trade

The Fur Trade was a very big business.The Fur Trade was a very big business.

Soon, many Europeans learned from the First Soon, many Europeans learned from the First Nation people; how to hunt and trap animals and Nation people; how to hunt and trap animals and they began to trade themselves.they began to trade themselves.

Trading Posts were built throughout Canada as Trading Posts were built throughout Canada as places where people could trade their furs.places where people could trade their furs.

Fur Trade CompaniesFur Trade Companies

Two Fur Trade Companies were Two Fur Trade Companies were established in Canada.established in Canada.

They were the Hudson’s Bay Company They were the Hudson’s Bay Company and the North West Trading Company.and the North West Trading Company.

Coureurs des BoisCoureurs des Bois

The Coureurs des Bois were fur traders The Coureurs des Bois were fur traders that did not work for a specific company. that did not work for a specific company. They worked for themselves. They worked for themselves.

They are said to be the first inhabitants or They are said to be the first inhabitants or people that lived in New France.people that lived in New France.

Why did countries want Why did countries want settlements?settlements?

Countries in Europe wanted settlements in Countries in Europe wanted settlements in other countries because of the resources.other countries because of the resources.

Countries like Canada had large amounts Countries like Canada had large amounts of resources, that the settlers gathered of resources, that the settlers gathered and gave back to their home country.and gave back to their home country.

Fur is a prime example of this.Fur is a prime example of this.

How did countries try to get people How did countries try to get people to move to Canada?to move to Canada?

Countries in Europe made posters and Countries in Europe made posters and other advertisements, promoting a better other advertisements, promoting a better life in the New World.life in the New World.

Britain and France needed people to live Britain and France needed people to live in the settlements, because they wanted in the settlements, because they wanted the resources. More resources for a the resources. More resources for a country meant more money.country meant more money.

Why did countries want resources?Why did countries want resources?

Britain and France wanted resources to make Britain and France wanted resources to make money.money.

They also used these resources in their own They also used these resources in their own country.country.

If fish was brought back to France, the fish was If fish was brought back to France, the fish was sold to the people of France. They would have sold to the people of France. They would have food and they government would get money.food and they government would get money.

Explorers AssignmentExplorers Assignment

Your task is to research a specific explorer from Your task is to research a specific explorer from Canada’s History.Canada’s History.

You must find out the following information. Use this You must find out the following information. Use this chart.chart.

You must present this information in either of these You must present this information in either of these formats. Powerpoint, Photostory or Poster Board. formats. Powerpoint, Photostory or Poster Board.

You will have to present your information to the rest of You will have to present your information to the rest of the class.the class.

Famous ExplorersFamous Explorers Martin FrobisherMartin Frobisher Henry HudsonHenry Hudson Alexander MackenzieAlexander Mackenzie Anthony HendayAnthony Henday George VancouverGeorge Vancouver Simon FraserSimon Fraser Henry KelseyHenry Kelsey David ThompsonDavid Thompson Radisson and GrossiellersRadisson and Grossiellers Le VerendyreLe Verendyre Samuel de ChamplainSamuel de Champlain Robert de La SalleRobert de La Salle