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    2007 Cisco System s, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public

    ITE PC v4.0

    Chapter 1 1

    Living in a NetworkCentric World

    Network Fundamentals Chapter 1

    CCESC

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    Chapter 1 2 2007 Cisco System s, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public

    How Networks Impact Daily Life

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    Chapter 1 3 2007 Cisco System s, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public

    Some Popular Communication ToolsInstant messagingReal time communication

    between 2 or more

    people based on typed text

    Weblogs (Blogs)

    Web pages created

    by an individual

    Wiki

    web pages that groups of

    people can edit and view

    together; group creation

    Podcasting

    Website that contains

    audio files available

    for downloading

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    Networks Support the Way We Learn

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    Networks Support the Way We Work

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    Networks Support the Way We Play

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    Chapter 1 7 2007 Cisco System s, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public

    Data Networking Role, Components, andChallenges Basic characteristics of communication

    Rules or agreements are first established

    Important information may need to be repeated

    Various modes of communication may impact the

    effectiveness of getting the message across.

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    Chapter 1 8 2007 Cisco System s, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public

    Quality of Communications

    For data networks, as a message moves through thenetwork, many factors can prevent the message fromreaching the recipient or distort its intended meaning.

    These factors can be eitherexternal orinternal.

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    Data Networking Role, Components, andChallenges

    All networks have four basicelements in common:

    Devices

    Used to communicate

    with one anotherMedium

    This is how the devicesare connected together

    Messages

    Information that travelsover the medium

    Rules

    Governs how messagesflow across network

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    Some Data Network Symbols

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    Network Connections

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    Chapter 1 12 2007 Cisco System s, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public

    Applications and Services

    Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol(TCP/IP) - industry standard in networking today; theprimary protocol of the Internet today

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    Chapter 1 13 2007 Cisco System s, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public

    Converged NetworksA type of network that can carry voice, video & data

    over the same network

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    Chapter 1 14 2007 Cisco System s, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public

    Network Architecture CharacteristicsNetwork Architecture - technologies that support the

    infrastructure, the programmed services and theprotocols that move the messages across thatinfrastructure.

    Characteristics addressed by network architecturedesign:

    Fault tolerance

    Scalability

    Quality of serviceSecurity

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    Network Architecture Characteristics

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    Fault-Tolerant Network Architecture

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    Fault-Tolerant Network Architecture

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    Internet Architecture

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    Internet Architecture

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    Internet Architecture

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    Internet Architecture

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    Internet Architecture

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    Internet Architecture

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    Providing QoS Congestion is caused when the demand on the network

    resources exceeds the available capacity. Sincenetworks have finite resources, QoS mechanisms areneeded.

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    Providing QoSIn order to maintain high QoS for applications thatrequire it, it is necessary to prioritize which types ofdata packets must be delivered at the expense of othertypes of packets that can be delayed or dropped.

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    Network Architecture CharacteristicsSelecting the appropriate QoS strategy for a given typeof traffic:

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    Providing Network SecuritySome consequences of a network security breach:

    Network outage that prevents communications andtransactions occurring, with consequent loss ofbusiness

    Misdirection and loss of personal or business funds

    Company intellectual property (research ideas,patents or designs) that is stolen and used by acompetitor

    Customer contract details that become known tocompetitors or made public, resulting in a loss ofmarket confidence in the business

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    Network Architecture CharacteristicsBasic measures to secure data networks

    Ensure confidentiality through use of

    User authentication

    Data encryption

    Maintain communication integrity through use of

    Digital signatures

    Ensure availability through use of

    Firewalls

    Redundant networkarchitecture

    Hardware without a single

    point of failure

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    Summary


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