Exploration and the Exploration and the Colombian ExchangeColombian Exchange

Chapter 16The World Economy

Do Now:

What were the motives for and the results of the European exploration and colonization of the Americas?

What motivated Europeans to What motivated Europeans to explore the Atlantic?explore the Atlantic?Motives:

(Gold, Glory, God)Wanted to avoid the Ottomans and their growing

power in the Middle EastNeeded gold to pay for Asian spicesWhy Europe?

◦Used explosives as gunnery (guns and cannons) “unprecedented ability to kill and intimidate from a

distance”◦Compass and astrolabe◦better ships (deep-draft round hulled sailing

ships), and mapmaking skills◦Desire for goods from East

Why did the Iberians lead the Why did the Iberians lead the way?way?Italian city-states were wealthy and had

access to the east and favorable trade agreements with the Muslims

Mediterranean ships were ill-suited for weather in Atlantic Ocean

Iberians had a history of hostility with the Muslims (Ferdinand and Isabella) and did not have direct access to Med. trade

Missionary zeal

Iberians lead the way….Iberians lead the way….Portugal:

◦Prince Henry the Navigator sponsored many of the voyages

◦Sailors rounded tip of Africa into Indian Ocean◦Sail to Brazil and claim it for Portugal◦Forts along coast of Africa

Spain◦Columbus, sailing west ended up in the West

Indies (Hispaniola)◦Magellan- crew circumnavigated the globe and

claimed the Philippines

Northern Europeans Join InNorthern Europeans Join In

Dutch- SE Asia, IndonesiaBritish- North America, Caribbean

1588-British beat the Spanish ArmadaFrench-North America and CaribbeanDutch East India Company & British East

India Company- given gov’t monopolies on trade with little regulation

European ExplorationEuropean Exploration

European ColonizationEuropean Colonization

REVIEWREVIEW

1. Why did the Europeans begin to look for a new water route to Asia?

2. What technology enabled this to happen?

3. Why did the Iberians lead the charge?4. What was the initial impact of their

voyages?

The Colombian Exchange

Impact of the Colombian ExchangeImpact of the Colombian Exchange

Diseases wiped out 80% of indigenous people or more in some areas

Spread crops, animals, and flora –led to population increases

Europeans began to dominate oceanic shipping (Battle of Lepanto- Spanish defeated Ottomans, 1571)

Europeans established ports along the coast of Africa and formed enclaves of western traders in other areas

Coercive labor systems increased in dependent zones

Mercantilism emerged-colonies are for the good of the mother country/export more than you import (favorable balance)

Core nations Vs. dependent zonesProtectionist tariffsEuropeans began to conquer and colonize

(motivated by desire for profit, need to escape religious persecution, and ambition)…Pizarro and the Inca

Competition between European powers increased (Seven Years War)

EXIT QUESTION:

Was Columbus’ “Discovery” of the Americas and the subsequent colonization Genocide????