expert group meeting on slum mapping

Expert Group Meeting on Slum Mapping

Gora Mboup, Ph.D.

Chief Global Urban Observatory

Monitoring Research Division

UN-HABITAT

The United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT) is mandated by the United Nations General Assembly to monitor and report on the progress of the implementation of the Habitat Agenda (HA).

In the aftermath of the Millennium Declaration in September 2000, the Agency has the added responsibility to report on the “significant improvement in the lives of slum dwellers”, Target 11, of the Millennium Declaration Goals (MDG)

UN-HABITAT’s MANDATE

Habitat Agenda has five chapters

1 Shelter2 Social development 3 Environmental management4 Economic development5 Governance

20 key indicators + 9 check-list +

13 extensive indicators

The Global Urban Indicators Database

GUID 11993 data

46 key indicators237 Cities

GUID 21998 data


GUID 32003 data


A five year production cycle

AsiaOceania

563millions

LatinAmerica & Caribbean

40cities

Sub-Saharan Africa40 cities

Europe40 citiesOther Developed

40 cities

World360 cities

Eastern Asia40 cities

North Africa40 cities South Central Asia

40 cities

South Eastern Asia40 cities

Western Asia40 cities

Global sample of 360 cities Worldwide representative40 cities per UN region

Global Urban IndicatorsChapter

1 Shelter

Objectifs

1. Promote the right to adequatehousing

2. Provide security of tenure3. Provide equal access to land 4. Promote equal access to credit5. Promote access to basic

services

Indicadors

Indicator 1. Durable StructuresIndicator 2. OvercrowdingQualitative data: right to adequate housingExtensive Indicator: house price and rent / income

Bextensive indicator 4: land price-to-income

Provide equal access to land

Bcheck-list 2: housing financeProvide equal access to credit

BBB

Key indicator 3: secure tenure extensive indicator 2: authorized housing extensive indicator 3: evictions

Provide security of tenure

AABB

Key indicator 1: durable structures Key indicator 2: overcrowding check-list 1: right to adequate housing extensive indicator 1: housing price and rent-to-income

Promote the right to adequate housing

1. Shelter

ClusterIndicatorsChapter/ Habitat Agenda goals

Habitat Agenda Indicators


ABAB

Key indicator 10: literacy rates check-list 4: gender inclusion extensive indicator 6: school enrolment extensive indicator 7: women councilors

Promote gender equality in human settlements development

AKey indicator 9: poor households Promote social integration and support disadvantaged groups

ABB

A-B

Key indicator 7: under-five mortality Key indicator 8: homicidescheck-list 3: urban violence extensive indicator 5: HIV prevalence

Provide equal opportunities for a safe and healthy life

2. Social development and eradication of poverty

AAA

Key indicator 4: access to safe water Key indicator 5: access to improved sanitationKey indicator 6: connection to services

Promote access to basic services


B

B

check-list 5: disaster prevention and mitigation instruments extensive indicator 10: houses in hazardous locations

Prevent disasters and rebuild settlements

BBB

Key indicator 14: wastewater treated Key indicator 15: solid waste disposal extensive indicator 9: regular solid waste collection

Reduce urban pollution

BB

Key indicator 13: price of water extensive indicator 8: water consumption

Manage supply and demand for water in an effective manner

AB

Key indicator 11: urban population growth Key indicator 12: planned settlements

Promote geographically-balanced settlement structures

3. Environmental Management



BA-B

Key indicator 18: city product Key indicator 19: unemployment

Encourage public-private sector partnership and stimulate productive employment opportunities


A-BKey indicator 17: informal employmentStrengthen small and micro-enterprises, particularly those developed by women

4. Economic Development

Bcheck-list 6: local environmental plans

Support mechanisms to prepare and implement local environmental plans and local Agenda 21 initiatives

BB

Key indicator 16: travel time extensive indicators 11: transport modes

Promote effective and environmentally sound transportation systems


BCheck-list 9: transparency and accountability

Ensure transparent, accountable and efficient governance of towns, cities and metropolitan areas

BBB

Check-list 8: citizens participationextensive indicator 12: voters participation extensive indicator 13: civic associations

Encourage and support participation and civic engagement

BB

Key indicator 20: local government revenue Check-list 7: decentralization

Promote decentralisation and strengthen local authorities

5. Governance



By 2020, to have achieved a significant improvement in the lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers

In the aftermath of the Millennium Declaration in September 2000, the Agency has the added responsibility to report on the “significant improvement in the lives of slum dwellers”, Target 11, of the Millennium Declaration Goals (MDG)

Millennium Development GoalsGoal 7 Target 11

Lack of slum definition and concepts

Lack of slum data and indicators

Not included in most MDG country report

Slum : until 2002, no internationally agreed definitions, concepts and method of computation

UN-HABITAT organized a gathering of experts and other stakeholders from around the globe, to reach to an agreement on the universal definition of secure tenure and slums, in Nairobi, 28-30 October 2002. The Expert Group Meeting (EGM) was a major consensus building exercise on the definition of security of tenure and slums, which enabled, the measurable articulation of the meta-global indicators, indicators and sub-indicators of each concept

Expert Group meeting 2002

A slum household is considered to be a group of individuals living under the same roof that lack one or more of the below conditions:

Access to improved water

Access to improved sanitation

Access to secure tenure

Durability of housing

Sufficient living area

Slum Household Indicators from the EGM

Operational Definitions1. Water &

sanitation2. Housing Durability

& Sufficient Living Area

3. Secure tenure

Access to adequate sanitation

• Direct connection to public sewer• Direct connection to septic tank• Poor flush latrine• Ventilated improved pit latrine•Pit latrine with slab

Access to improved water

•Piped connection to house or plot•Public stand pipe•Bore hole-Protected dug well•Protected spring•Rain water collection•Bottle water*

Sufficient living areaA house is considered to provide a sufficient living area for the household members if three or less people share the same room.

Housing durability

• Permanency of Structure•Compliance of building codes•Location of house (hazardous)

•Evidence of documentation that can be used as proof of secure tenure status

•Either de factoor perceived / protection from

forced evictions

What is measured?Four out of five of the slum definition indicators measure physical expressions of slum conditions: lack of water, lack of sanitation, overcrowded conditions, and non-durable housing structures. These indicators focus attention on the circumstances that surround slum life, depicting deficiencies and casting poverty as an attribute of the environments in which slum dwellers live. The fifth indicator – security of tenure –has to do with legality, which is not as easy to measure or monitor, as the tenure status of slum dwellers often depends on de facto or de jure rights – or lack of them. This indicator has special relevance for measuring the denial and violation of housing rights, as well as the progressive fulfillment of these rights

1. Urban population :World Urbanization Prospects: The 2001 Revision

2. Water & SanitationWHO/UNICEF Water and Sanitation Assessment (JMP) Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) Other household data (surveys or census)

3. Durability of Housing & Sufficient Living AreaDHS & MICS or other household data (census or survey)UNSD Housing StatisticsUN-Habitat Global Report on Human Settlements

4. Security of TenureInsufficient data

Methods and Primary Data Sources

SLUM POPULATION OF THE WORLD(in millions)

1990 2005 2020

Urban slum population, estimated

1

Urban slum population, original target 11Urban slum population, modified target 11

Bill

ion

peop

le

Year

1316

706

1416

721

Fine tuning in methods needed for assisting national policies

Countries differ vis a vis two aspects:

• Magnitude of the problem: proportion of slum dwellers

• Severity of problem, ie, the multitude of deprivations in a country

Magnitude & severity of the slum problemand policy implications (SSA)

5.64.03.81.2Extreme severe shelter deprivation (three or all)

20.627.136.46.6Severe shelter deprivation (two)

47.853.852.823.1Moderate shelter deprivation (only one deprivation)

74.084.993.030.9Percent of slum dwellers(At least one deprivation)

ZambiaUgandaTanzania

South Africa

Slum and shelter deprivation

Magnitude & severity of the slum problem and policy implications (Asia)

5.20.80.51.0Extreme severe shelter deprivation (three or all )

25.04.122.814.0Severe shelter deprivation (two)



NepalIndonesia

Bangladesh

IndiaSlum and shelter deprivation

Magnitude & severity of the slum problem and policy implications (LAC)

10.711.80.71.6Extreme severe shelter deprivation (three or all)

20.79.92.110.2severe shelter deprivation (two)



Nicaragua

Guatemala

Colombia

BrazilSlum and shelter deprivation

expert group meeting on slum mapping

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