experimental measurements and analysis of the indoor...
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CENTRAL EUROPEAN SYMPOSIUM ON BUILDING PHYSICS
Experimental measurements and analysis
of the indoor conditions in Italian museum
storerooms: a study case
SEPTEMBER 9-11, 2013
VIENNA, AUSTRIA
F. Cappelletti, P. Romagnoni and A. Birra
University Iuav of Venezia, Italy
storerooms: a study case
CENTRAL EUROPEAN SYMPOSIUM ON BUILDING PHYSICS SEPTEMBER 9-11, 2013
VIENNA, AUSTRIA
Aims and methods
• Analysis of the compatibility of indoor conditions of the storeroom of the
museum of Oriental Art with the conservation of artworks stored according
to Italian Technical Standard UNI10829:1999
• 3 years monitoring of air temperature and air humidity• 3 years monitoring of air temperature and air humidity
• Elaboration of logged data and evaluation of the quality of the conservation
conditions
• Dynamic simulation and potential improvements
2F. Cappelletti – University Iuav of Venezia, Italy
CENTRAL EUROPEAN SYMPOSIUM ON BUILDING PHYSICS SEPTEMBER 9-11, 2013
VIENNA, AUSTRIA
The location
The museum storeroomAbout 400 m2 of floor and 2000 m3 of volume
3F. Cappelletti – University Iuav of Venezia, Italy
Ca’ Pesaro palace
CENTRAL EUROPEAN SYMPOSIUM ON BUILDING PHYSICS SEPTEMBER 9-11, 2013
VIENNA, AUSTRIA
The Museum of Oriental Art: peculiarities
• Variability of the materials of stored objects: metals, tissues,
wood, paper, laquers, parchments
• No heating nor cooling system
• High humidity in outdoor climate both in winter and in summer
4F. Cappelletti – University Iuav of Venezia, Italy
CENTRAL EUROPEAN SYMPOSIUM ON BUILDING PHYSICS SEPTEMBER 9-11, 2013
VIENNA, AUSTRIA
Temperature
Relative humidity
Range
-10°C - 60°C 0 - 95%
(-20°C - 85°C)
Accuracy ± 0.3 °C (0°C - 70°C)
± 3%
Response time
10 s 10 s
The monitoring
• Data Loggers
Museo d'Arte Orientale - Ca' Pesaro Venezia 5
P2
P4
P3
P5
P6
CENTRAL EUROPEAN SYMPOSIUM ON BUILDING PHYSICS SEPTEMBER 9-11, 2013
VIENNA, AUSTRIA
Parameters for the evaluation of the suitability of the
microclimate for conservation
Monthly statistical distribution of air temperature and RH hourly values
Daily gradient of air temperature and RH
stan
dard
Hourly and 2 hourly gradients of air temperature and RH
Frequency distribution of air parameters inside the suitable ranges for
different materials
Deviation Index (DI)
6F. Cappelletti – University Iuav of Venezia, Italy
Ital
ian
tech
nica
lsta
ndar
d
UNI 1
0829
:199
9
CENTRAL EUROPEAN SYMPOSIUM ON BUILDING PHYSICS SEPTEMBER 9-11, 2013
VIENNA, AUSTRIA
25
30
35C
]
Tissues
Lacquers
Wood
19-24°C
Indoor microclimate analysis: AIR TEMPERATURE
Air temperature P3
0
5
10
15
20
Jan-
03F
eb-0
3M
ar-0
3A
pr-0
3M
ay-0
3Ju
n-03
Jul-0
3A
ug-0
3S
ep-0
3O
ct-0
3N
ov-0
3D
ec-0
3Ja
n-04
Feb
-04
Mar
-04
Apr
-04
May
-04
Jun-
04Ju
l-04
Aug
-04
Sep
-04
Oct
-04
Nov
-04
Dec
-04
Jan-
05F
eb-0
5M
ar-0
5M
ay-0
5M
ay-0
5Ju
n-05
Jul-0
5A
ug-0
5S
ep-0
5O
ct-0
5N
ov-0
5D
ec-0
5
Tem
pera
ture
[°C
]
Time [months]
19-24°C
7F. Cappelletti – University Iuav of Venezia, Italy
Parchments 13-18°C
Paper 18-22°C
Metals no limits
CENTRAL EUROPEAN SYMPOSIUM ON BUILDING PHYSICS SEPTEMBER 9-11, 2013
VIENNA, AUSTRIA
556065707580
Rel
ativ
e H
umid
ity [%
]
Indoor microclimate: AIR HUMIDITY
Air Humidity P3
Lacquers
Parchments
50-60%
05
10152025303540455055
Jan-
03F
eb-0
3M
ar-0
3A
pr-0
3M
ay-0
3Ju
n-03
Jul-0
3A
ug-0
3S
ep-0
3O
ct-0
3N
ov-0
3D
ec-0
3Ja
n-04
Feb
-04
Mar
-04
Apr
-04
May
-04
Jun-
04Ju
l-04
Aug
-04
Sep
-04
Oct
-04
Nov
-04
Dec
-04
Jan-
05F
eb-0
5M
ar-0
5M
ay-0
5M
ay-0
5Ju
n-05
Jul-0
5A
ug-0
5S
ep-0
5O
ct-0
5N
ov-0
5D
ec-0
5
Rel
ativ
e H
umid
ity [%
]
Time [months]
8F. Cappelletti – University Iuav of Venezia, Italy
50-60%
Tissues 30-50%
Paper 40-55 %
Metals <50%
Wood 45-60 %
CENTRAL EUROPEAN SYMPOSIUM ON BUILDING PHYSICS SEPTEMBER 9-11, 2013
VIENNA, AUSTRIA
Daily gradients P3
0
1
2
3
4
5
Gra
die
nt
of
Tem
pe
ratu
re [°C
]
∆tmax
[°C]
Parchments -
Paper 1.5
Drawings 1.5
Tissues 1.5
Lacquers 1.5
Wood 1.5
9F. Cappelletti – University Iuav of Venezia, Italy
0
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Gra
die
nt
of
Hu
mid
ity
[%]
Metals -
∆RHmax
[%]
Parchments 6
Paper 6
Drawings 2
Tissues 5
Lacquers 4
Wood 4
Metals -
CENTRAL EUROPEAN SYMPOSIUM ON BUILDING PHYSICS SEPTEMBER 9-11, 2013
VIENNA, AUSTRIA
Dynamic simulation with TRNSYS 17
Thermal zones: storeroom
offices
museum
Envelope thermal transmittance: 1.03 W/(m2 K) for walls
1.3 W/(m2 K) for roof and floor
5.7 and 3.26 W/(m2 K) for glazing and frame5.7 and 3.26 W/(m2 K) for glazing and frame
Floor Boundary Temperature: temperature profile
Infiltration rate: 0.3 ACH
Occupation time and internal gains: not included
Climatic data file: real data for 2003
10F. Cappelletti – University Iuav of Venezia, Italy
CENTRAL EUROPEAN SYMPOSIUM ON BUILDING PHYSICS SEPTEMBER 9-11, 2013
VIENNA, AUSTRIA
Comparison between real data and simulation output
July 2003
30
32
34
°C]
11F. Cappelletti – University Iuav of Venezia, Italy
20
22
24
26
28
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
Tem
pera
ure
[°
Time [days]Measured Data Simulation External Temperature
CENTRAL EUROPEAN SYMPOSIUM ON BUILDING PHYSICS SEPTEMBER 9-11, 2013
VIENNA, AUSTRIA
Comparison between real data and simulation output
July 2003
70
80
90
100
Hum
idity
[%]
12F. Cappelletti – University Iuav of Venezia, Italy
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
Rel
ativ
e H
umid
ity
Time [days]Measured Data Simulation External RH
CENTRAL EUROPEAN SYMPOSIUM ON BUILDING PHYSICS SEPTEMBER 9-11, 2013
VIENNA, AUSTRIA
Comparison of the temperature monthly gradient
10
15
20
25
30
35
Tmax
T*max
°CM
axim
um te
mpe
ratu
re
13F. Cappelletti – University Iuav of Venezia, Italy
0
5
T*max
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Tmin
T*min
* Simulated values
Max
imum
tem
pera
ture
Min
imum
tem
pera
ture
CENTRAL EUROPEAN SYMPOSIUM ON BUILDING PHYSICS SEPTEMBER 9-11, 2013
VIENNA, AUSTRIA
Microclimate improving measures
Intervention #1:
• roof insulation with 14 cm of rockwool
• substitution of windows
• reduction of the infiltration rate from 0.3 to 0.1 h-1
Intervention #2: Intervention #2:
• as intervention #1
• control of the air temperature and humidity with a system: 18-26°C (16-
28 °C) ; 55%
Intervention #3:
• as intervention #2
• use of summer ventilation (0.5 ACH from April to September) when the
outside temperature is between 24 and 26°C
14F. Cappelletti – University Iuav of Venezia, Italy
CENTRAL EUROPEAN SYMPOSIUM ON BUILDING PHYSICS SEPTEMBER 9-11, 2013
VIENNA, AUSTRIA
Evaluation of intervention efficacy
Temperature - July 2003
500
600
700
800
Tim
e [h
]
15F. Cappelletti – University Iuav of Venezia, Italy
0
100
200
300
400
500
<24 24-25 25-26 26-27 27-28 28-29 29-30 30-31 >31
Tim
e [h
]
Temperature [°C]
Measured Data Simulation Intervention#1 Intervention#2
CENTRAL EUROPEAN SYMPOSIUM ON BUILDING PHYSICS SEPTEMBER 9-11, 2013
VIENNA, AUSTRIA
Evaluation of intervention efficacy
Temperature - July 2003
500
600
700
800
Tim
e [h
]
16F. Cappelletti – University Iuav of Venezia, Italy
0
100
200
300
400
500
<24 24-25 25-26 26-27 27-28 28-29 29-30 30-31 >31
Tim
e [h
]
Temperature [°C]
Measured Data Simulation Intervention#1 Intervention#2
CENTRAL EUROPEAN SYMPOSIUM ON BUILDING PHYSICS SEPTEMBER 9-11, 2013
VIENNA, AUSTRIA
Evaluation of intervention efficacy
Temperature - July 2003
500
600
700
800
Tim
e [h
]
17F. Cappelletti – University Iuav of Venezia, Italy
0
100
200
300
400
500
<24 24-25 25-26 26-27 27-28 28-29 29-30 30-31 >31
Tim
e [h
]
Temperature [°C]
Measured Data Simulation Intervention#1 Intervention#2
CENTRAL EUROPEAN SYMPOSIUM ON BUILDING PHYSICS SEPTEMBER 9-11, 2013
VIENNA, AUSTRIA
Evaluation of intervention efficacy
Relative Humidity - July 2003
500
600
700
Tim
e [h
]
conservation band
18F. Cappelletti – University Iuav of Venezia, Italy
0
100
200
300
400
<30 30-35 35-40 40-45 45-50 50-55 55-60 >60
Tim
e [h
]
Relative Humidity [%]
Measured Data Simulation Intervention#1 Intervention#2
CENTRAL EUROPEAN SYMPOSIUM ON BUILDING PHYSICS SEPTEMBER 9-11, 2013
VIENNA, AUSTRIA
Evaluation of intervention efficacy
Relative Humidity - July 2003
500
600
700
Tim
e [h
]
conservation band
19F. Cappelletti – University Iuav of Venezia, Italy
0
100
200
300
400
<30 30-35 35-40 40-45 45-50 50-55 55-60 >60
Tim
e [h
]
Relative Humidity [%]
Measured Data Simulation Intervention#1 Intervention#2
CENTRAL EUROPEAN SYMPOSIUM ON BUILDING PHYSICS SEPTEMBER 9-11, 2013
VIENNA, AUSTRIA
Evaluation of intervention efficacy
Relative Humidity - July 2003
500
600
700
Tim
e [h
]
conservation band
20F. Cappelletti – University Iuav of Venezia, Italy
0
100
200
300
400
<30 30-35 35-40 40-45 45-50 50-55 55-60 >60
Tim
e [h
]
Relative Humidity [%]
Measured Data Simulation Intervention#1 Intervention#2
CENTRAL EUROPEAN SYMPOSIUM ON BUILDING PHYSICS SEPTEMBER 9-11, 2013
VIENNA, AUSTRIA
Comparison of interventions #2 and #3
Heating needs
[kWh]
Cooling needs
[kWh]
Energy need for
de-humidification
[kWh][kWh]
Intervention#2 4795 2256 1541
Intervention#3 4795 2101 2858
21F. Cappelletti – University Iuav of Venezia, Italy
- 7 % + 85 %
CENTRAL EUROPEAN SYMPOSIUM ON BUILDING PHYSICS SEPTEMBER 9-11, 2013
VIENNA, AUSTRIA
Conclusions
• The microclimate inside the storeroom doesn’t fit the conservation needs for the
main part of the year.
• Otherwise the daily gradients of temperature and humidity are quite in compliance
with the Italian Standard suggestions.
Microclimateanalysis
• Necessity to model the buffer characteristics of materials.
• The improvement of the envelope thermal resistance doesn’t prevent the extreme
values of air temperature.
• An heating and cooling system should be a solution even if the variability of the
objects stored in the storeroom requires an accurate evaluation of temperature and
humidity set-points.
22F. Cappelletti – University Iuav of Venezia, Italy
Simulation
Intervention
CENTRAL EUROPEAN SYMPOSIUM ON BUILDING PHYSICS
THANK YOU FOR YOUR KIND ATTENTION!
SEPTEMBER 9-11, 2013
VIENNA, AUSTRIA
Francesca Cappelletti PhD
Department of Design and Planning in Complex Environments
University Iuav of Venezia, Italy
CENTRAL EUROPEAN SYMPOSIUM ON BUILDING PHYSICS SEPTEMBER 9-11, 2013
VIENNA, AUSTRIA
Monthly Deviation Index (DI) for air temperature
Percentage of time outside the standard range (P3, year 2003)
ParchmentsLacquers, tissues, wood
80
100
Paperworst
24F. Cappelletti – University Iuav of Venezia, Italy
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
0
20
40
60
80
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
%
best
CENTRAL EUROPEAN SYMPOSIUM ON BUILDING PHYSICS SEPTEMBER 9-11, 2013
VIENNA, AUSTRIA
Monthly Deviation Index (DI) for air humidity
Percentage of time OUTSIDE the required range (P3, year 2003)
Lacquers, parchmentsWood
80
100
Paper
25F. Cappelletti – University Iuav of Venezia, Italy
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
0
20
40
60
80
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
%
CENTRAL EUROPEAN SYMPOSIUM ON BUILDING PHYSICS SEPTEMBER 9-11, 2013
VIENNA, AUSTRIA
Space distribution of temperature and humidity
Maximum standard deviation of the hourly values logged by the
different probes every month
4
6
8
10
Tem
pe
ratu
re
[°C
] 2003
2004< 2°C
P2
P4
P3
P5
P6
26F. Cappelletti – University Iuav of Venezia, Italy
0
2
4
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Tem
pe
ratu
re
[ 2004
2005
0
2
4
6
8
10
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Re
lati
ve
Hu
mid
ity
[%
]
2003
2004
2005
< 2°C
3-9%