EXPERIENCES FROM TRANS BOUNDARY PROJECT AIMED AT REDUCING CLIMATE DISASTER RISKS

AND ENHANCING RESILIENCE OF THE VULNERABLE COASTAL COMMUNITIES AROUND THE

SUNDARBAN IN BANGLADESH AND INDIA

Presentation on

BY

ASM SHAHIDUL HAQUETEAM LEADER, CCDRER PROJECT

BANGLADESH CENTRE FOR ADVANCED STUDIES (BCAS)

EXPERIENCES FROM TRANS BOUNDARY PROJECT AIMED AT REDUCING CLIMATE DISASTER RISKS

AND ENHANCING RESILIENCE OF THE VULNERABLE COASTAL COMMUNITIES AROUND THE

SUNDARBAN IN BANGLADESH AND INDIA

-SOME INFORMATION OF THIS PRESENENSURING IS COLLECTED FROM DIFFERENT WORK OF BCAS

- MOSTLY THE PRESENTATION FOCUSES ON THE ACTIVITIES OF AN EU FUNDED PROJECT TITLED COLLECTIVE ACTION TO REDUCE CLIMATE DISASTER RISKS AND ENHANCING RESILIENCE OF THE VULNERABLE COASTAL COMMUNITIES AROUND THE SUNDARBANS IN BANGLADESH AND INDIA (CCDRER)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Goals of this PresentationGoals of this Presentation

1. Provide an overview of BCAS1. Provide an overview of BCAS

2. Share experience of a trans-boundary CC 2. Share experience of a trans-boundary CC related projectrelated project

3. Adaptation activities for DRR and 3. Adaptation activities for DRR and enhancing resilience for Coastal enhancing resilience for Coastal Communities around SundarbanCommunities around Sundarban

EXPERIENCES FROM TRANS BOUNDARY PROJECT AIMED AT REDUCING CLIMATE DISASTER RISKS AND ENHANCING

RESILIENCE OF THE VULNERABLE COASTAL COMMUNITIES AROUND THE SUNDARBAN IN BANGLADESH AND INDIA

IntroductionIntroduction

Bangladesh Centre for Advanced Studies(BCAS) is a leading research and policy institute in the non-governmental sector and working as an independent, non-profit, non-government institute since 1986.

BCAS addresses sustainable development through four interactive themes: (a) environment-development integration, (b) good governance, (c) poverty alleviation and sustainable livelihoods and (d) economic growth and public-private partnership.

1.1. The project is designed considering The project is designed considering Sundarban as a whole. Sundarban as a whole.

2.2. This project is being implemented in This project is being implemented in Bangladesh and Indian part of Bangladesh and Indian part of Sundarban.Sundarban.

3.3. Proper use of science Proper use of science

4.4. Idea sharing (GO/LGI/NGO/local Idea sharing (GO/LGI/NGO/local people/stakeholders)people/stakeholders)

Features of the trans-boundary Features of the trans-boundary projectproject

5.5. Proper selection of area and Proper selection of area and beneficiariesbeneficiaries

6.6. Integration of local knowledgeIntegration of local knowledge

7.7. Awareness/DRR/Adaptation/Awareness/DRR/Adaptation/Mitigation/Livelih-ood componentsMitigation/Livelih-ood components

8.8. Community based collective actionCommunity based collective action

9.9. Networking and disseminationNetworking and dissemination

10.10. Procedure recordingProcedure recording

Features of the trans-boundary Features of the trans-boundary project (continued..)project (continued..)

PROJECT AREA IN BANGLADESH

DistrictDistrict UpazilaUpazila ClusterCluster VillagesVillages Target Target HouseholdHousehold

KhulnaKhulna PaikgachaPaikgacha 11 15-2015-20 500500

BagerhatBagerhat MorelganjMorelganj 11 15-2015-20 500500

SatkhiraSatkhira ShyamnagarShyamnagar 11 15-2015-20 500500

PROJECT AREA IN BANGLADESH

PROJECT AREA IN INDIA

DistrictDistrict PSPS ClusterCluster VillagesVillages Target HHsTarget HHs

South 24 ParganasSouth 24 Parganas Patharpratima Patharpratima 11 1010 600600

South 24 ParganasSouth 24 Parganas BasantiBasanti 11 1212 300300

North 24 ParganasNorth 24 Parganas SandeshkhaliSandeshkhali 11 1717 300300

North 24 ParganasNorth 24 Parganas HingalganjHingalganj 11 77 300300

TotalTotal 15001500

Project Area In IndiaProject Area In India

SUMMARY ACTIONS

1. Proper site selection and beneficiary selection2. Climate change adaptation Forum (Social mobilization and establishing community links)3. Vulnerability and risk assessment (PVA)4. Development of strategy and action plans 5. Strengthening Capacity and Resilience of the vulnerable community -Workshop - Training - Demonstration - Awareness building - Alternative livelihood - Low-cost and renewable energy options - Promotion of agro-forestry and social forestry - Wider Partnership and Networking

Monitoring and evaluation

Methodology Methodology

-Reconnaissance study-Reconnaissance study

-Census study

-Baseline survey

-PVA

These studies and surveys were designed to collect information to assess present status of the target beneficiary in terms of climate related disaster risks, their adaptation capabilities and dependencies on Sundarban.

TARGET BENEFICIARY GROUPS

Target groups Target groups Needs and constraintsNeeds and constraints

Small and marginal Small and marginal farmers farmers

Saline water intrusion reduced the scope of the Saline water intrusion reduced the scope of the agricultural activities within the vicinity. They agricultural activities within the vicinity. They are not aware about the climate change risks are not aware about the climate change risks vulnerabilities. They need to grow crops for their vulnerabilities. They need to grow crops for their food security. Saline tolerant crops are required food security. Saline tolerant crops are required to demonstrate.to demonstrate.

Fishermen fish Fishermen fish fry/crab collectorsfry/crab collectors

The cyclone and tidal surge frequently damage The cyclone and tidal surge frequently damage their resources and reduce the scope of their their resources and reduce the scope of their livelihood. livelihood.

Honey/fuel wood Honey/fuel wood collectors collectors

They are exploiting the resource of the They are exploiting the resource of the Sundarban for their livelihood. They need to Sundarban for their livelihood. They need to rehabilitate to reduce the natural forest. rehabilitate to reduce the natural forest.

Landless Community Landless Community They have poor access to livelihood and They have poor access to livelihood and migrating to urban slums for searching of their migrating to urban slums for searching of their livelihood. livelihood.

Site selection Site selection

Based on Sundarban impact Based on Sundarban impact zonezone

Low impact zone (>10 Low impact zone (>10 km)km)

Medium impact zone (5-Medium impact zone (5-10 km)10 km)

High impact zone (0-5 High impact zone (0-5 km)km)

Site selection Site selection

Based on Salinity Based on Salinity LevelLevel

Low salinityLow salinity

Medium Medium salinitysalinity

High salinityHigh salinity

ACTION TO REDUCE DISASTER RISKS

1. By assessing present and future climate change 1. By assessing present and future climate change impacts on target beneficiaries with a view to reduce impacts on target beneficiaries with a view to reduce risks by promoting alternative livelihoods and food risks by promoting alternative livelihoods and food security (of poor and marginalized people)security (of poor and marginalized people)

2. By identifying community needs and priority to 2. By identifying community needs and priority to address the climate change impacts.address the climate change impacts.

3. By promoting knowledge and awareness of target 3. By promoting knowledge and awareness of target groups about the present and future climate change groups about the present and future climate change impacts, risks and vulnerability of the coastal impacts, risks and vulnerability of the coastal Sundarbans ecosystemsSundarbans ecosystems

4. By building capacity of the local partners, actors 4. By building capacity of the local partners, actors and stakeholders to integrate climate change issues and stakeholders to integrate climate change issues and adaptation into local and regional development and adaptation into local and regional development process. process.

ACTIONS FOR ENHANCING RESILIENCE

1. By strengthening current coping mechanisms of 1. By strengthening current coping mechanisms of disaster risk reduction (DRR) through natural resources disaster risk reduction (DRR) through natural resources management and improvement of the coastal biodiversity management and improvement of the coastal biodiversity and ecosystem linking climatic and related risks on their and ecosystem linking climatic and related risks on their lives and livelihoods;lives and livelihoods; 2. By formulating local and in some cases implementing 2. By formulating local and in some cases implementing adaptation action plans by involving communities.adaptation action plans by involving communities.

3. By building partnership and network among the 3. By building partnership and network among the relevant actors and stakeholders for effective exchange relevant actors and stakeholders for effective exchange and action against climate injustice in national, regional and action against climate injustice in national, regional and international levels.and international levels. 4. By sharing learning, good practices, experiences with 4. By sharing learning, good practices, experiences with othersothers

5. By advocacy to influence policy and decision making 5. By advocacy to influence policy and decision making processes at regional, national and international levels.processes at regional, national and international levels.

Common focuses:Common focuses: ––Awareness building about current and future Awareness building about current and future

climate change risksclimate change risks ––Capacity building and skill development among Capacity building and skill development among

vulnerable community, stakeholders and actorsvulnerable community, stakeholders and actors ––Mainstreaming climate change adaptation into Mainstreaming climate change adaptation into

agriculture, water, health, local development, agriculture, water, health, local development, livelihood and DRR livelihood and DRR

––Community linkages with Union Parishads, Community linkages with Union Parishads, UDMCs, LGIs, NGOs and actorsUDMCs, LGIs, NGOs and actors

ACTIONS FOR ADAPTATION

AREA SPECIFIC ACTIONS FOR ADAPTATION

EXAMPLE: Morrelganj Upazilla

•Salinity tolerant paddy and crops, fish and crab culture•Salinity and storm resistance trees and plants and coastal aforestation•Rain water Harvesting and pond preservation for fresh water•Maintenance and improvement of coastal embankments and erosion protection•Enhancement of disaster preparedness –Cyclone shelter and Kellafor cattle–Strengthening house structures–Health services –salinity, cyclones

and heat stress–Foods, shelter, employment and planned

-migration for the displaced population

AdaptationAdaptation

Vulnerable Situation Agricultural Technological Interventions:Suggested crops/Crop Varieties

Drought and Salinity Rice: BR-42, 43 (drought tolerant), BR-47, BR-49, BR-54, BINA-7,8 (salt tolerant)Vegetables: HYV Water Gourd, Bitter Gourd, Cowpea, Cucumber, Red amaranth, Jhinga, Indian spinach.Potato/Sweet Potato: Cardinal, Diamont, Sweet Potato- 8,9, & Local varietiesPulse crops: Mung-1,2,3,4,5,6, BARI Khesari-6, BINA Mung-3, Local Khesari,Wheat: Shourab, Gourab, ProdipOil seed crops: Sharisa-15

Water- logging/ Submergence

Rice: Bri Dhan-44, Bri Dhan-51,52,

Tidal surges/Tidal flood BR-51, BR-52

ADAPTATION TECHNOLOGY FOR ADAPTATION TECHNOLOGY FOR AGRICULTUREAGRICULTURE

Vulnerable Areas Suggested Innovative PracticesDrought and Salinity Rice: Irrigate with Sweet water,

Pulses & Oil Seeds: Use of CompostVegetables: Use of compost/poultry manure.Potato/Sweet Potato: Use of compost/poultry manurePulse crops: Use of Compost/Poultry manureWheat: Use of Compost/Poultry manureOil seed crops: Use of Compost/Poultry manure

Water- logging/ Submergence

Sorjan System of Cropping: Cultivate year round vegetables, fruits and Spices on Raised beds and cultivate fish in ditches during wet season.Raised Pit System: Cultivate creeper vegetables on Trellis around the raised Pits formed by water hyacinth. Utilizations of Pond edges/Gher areas: Cultivate year round vegetables, spices & fruits on pond edges or Gher areas profitably.

INNOVATIVE PRACTICES FOR INNOVATIVE PRACTICES FOR ADAPTATION IN AGRICULTUREADAPTATION IN AGRICULTURE

Vulnerable Areas Suggested Innovative Practices

Tidal surges/Tidal flood Sorjan System of Cropping: Cultivate year round vegetables, fruits and Spices on Raised beds and cultivate fish in ditches during wet season.Raised Pit System: Cultivate creeper vegetables on Trellis around the raised Pits formed by water hyacinth. Utilizations of Pond edges/Gher areas: Cultivate year round vegetables, spices & fruits on pond edges or Gher areas profitably.

Soil wetness/Clay soil areas/Late harvest of T.Aman

Zero Tillage Practices: Cultivate Potato/Pulses/ Oil seeds crops including vegetables under zero tillage practice Dry Seeding Practice: Rice may be cultivated in char lands and wet soils using sprouted rice seeds.

INNOVATIVE PRACTICES FOR INNOVATIVE PRACTICES FOR ADAPTATION IN AGRICULTUREADAPTATION IN AGRICULTURE

Floating bed Floating bed agricultureagriculture

Home stead garden on raised Home stead garden on raised plinthplinth

Adaptive AgricultureAdaptive Agriculture

Adaptive AgricultureAdaptive Agriculture

Challenges of Implementing Trans-Challenges of Implementing Trans-boundary projectsboundary projects

1.1. Policies / rules / lawsPolicies / rules / laws

2.2. Funding process and fund transfer Funding process and fund transfer processprocess

3.3. Human Resource mobilizationHuman Resource mobilization

4.4. ReportingReporting

5.5. PartnershipPartnership

COLLECTIVE ACTION TO REDUCING CLIMATE DISASTER RISKS AND ENHANCING RESILIENCE OF THE

VULNERABLE COASTAL COMMUNITIES AROUND THE SUNDARBAN (CCDRER)

Thanks for Thanks for your kind your kind attentionattention