experiences and lessons on energy...

EXPERIENCES AND LESSONS ON ENERGY SECURITY AND NUCLEAR POWER

the case of japanAileen Mioko SmithAdvisor, Strategy CommitteeMayors for a Nuclear Power Free Japan

Building Unities Around Energy SecurityHow Will the People Respond to the Growing Nuclear Lobby?June 4-6, 2015 – Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Japan map: Wikipedia, based on work by Connormah

0REACTORS

ACTIVE


23REACTORS

FOR RESTART

泊原発 Tomari

柏崎刈羽原発 Kashiwazaki-Kariwa

高浜原発 Takahama

島根原発 Shimane

玄海原発 Genkai

川内原発 Sendai

女川原発 Onagawa

大飯原発 Ohi

伊方原発 Ikata

浜岡原発Hamaoka

東通原発 Higashidori

東海第二原発 Tokai

志賀原発 Shika

美浜原発 Mihama


43REACTORS

TOTAL

2014 PollThe Majority of Japanese CitizensWant to End Nuclear Power

84.3% total =phase outend as soon as possible orend immediately

23 May 2014, Jiji PressAkahata newspaper

Latest Opinion Poll:

70.8% are opposed to restart and27.9% are for restart

73.8% believe another accident like Fukushima could occur if reactors were restarted now.

At the same time: 52.6% would accept restart followed by phase out of nuclear power.

Anzen-Anshin Kenkyu CenterDirector: Hirotada HIROSE (Emeritus professor, Tokyo Women’s Christian University)Nippon Research Center (Member of Gallup International Association)Issued: 7 April 2015 (Research: 4 March – 16 March 2015)

Takahama Unit 3 and 4The court has ruled the reactors cannot operate. Kansai Electric has appealed the case.

Sendai Unit 1 and 2Expected to restart the end of July 2015. Recent volcano activity in Japan, lack of evacuation plans, public opposition, etc. may delay restart.

Ikata Unit 3Many safety issues remain. Neighboring prefecture legislatures are opposed.

• Safety: Earthquakes, volcanoes, serious accidents,off-site emergency planning, etc.

• Electricity supply• Economics

• Cost of electricity and its effects on the Japanese economy—managing the current situation

• The challenge: how to financially manage shutdown of all electric utility nuclear power plants

• Regional economy — subsidies, jobs, etc.• Carbon Emissions • Civil Society and Democratic Process• Values/Ethics — Economy vs. Other Social Values

11

Issues facing Japan today

fukushimaTHE CAUSE OF THE ACCIDENTTHE CURRENT SITUATION

The National Diet of JapanFukushima Nuclear Accident Independent Investigation Commission (NAIIC) official report:

Lack of democratic process caused the Fukushima accident.!

Protest demanding no restartIn front of the Prime Minister’s official residence, June 2012

150,000 evacuees

Empty towns / broken communities

Repatriation pressure

Withdrawal of government support

Lawsuits

Economic costs

Health problems

Contaminated soil

Ocean contamination

150,000 evacuees

Empty towns / broken communities

Repatriation pressure

Withdrawal of government support

Lawsuits

Economic costs

Health problems

Contaminated soil

Ocean contamination

“Nuclear Power: Energy with a Bright Future”

Thyroid cancers in Fukushima prefecture

Thyroid cancer and/or suspected cases have been found outside the 30km zone.

Fukushima prefecture states these numbers are not in excess of normal levels.

Source:Fukushima Health Management Survey, 2015

Costs of the Fukushima accident

Government estimateDecember 2011

"¥50trillion

NGO estimateMarch 2012

"¥5.8trillion

nuclear powerIN JAPAN: 1970 – PRESENT

¥

¥#

#

$

$

!

!

% %

Post-Fukushima questionnaire of townspeople at a nuclear power plant site

Top 4 concerns: Anxiety about becoming another FukushimaAnxiety about employment futureAnxiety about being able to evacuateAnxiety about children’s future

Date: 21–22 April 2012 144 individuals of Ohi Town, Fukui PrefectureBy: Green Action and 3 other citizen organizations

4

（おおい町の皆さんへのアンケート結果）

アンケート回答者数：男性１４４名、女性２０４名合計３４８名

46

51

29

23

19

34

21

2

26 28

13

18

5

11

61

93

90

36

34

62

26

10

37

19

22

29

10

22

020

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

①雇

用（仕

事）が

心配

②福

島原

発事

故の

ように

ならない

か心

配

③子

や孫

の将

来が

心配

④電

力不

足が

心配

⑤地

震（３つ

の活

断層

が連

動）で大

事故

にならない

か心

配

⑥事

故に

なった

とき、避

難できるか

心配

⑦再

稼働

しない

と町

の将

来が

心配

⑧観

光や

風評

被害

が心

配

⑨福

島原

発事

故の

原因

究明

がまだ

で心

配

⑩４閣

僚の

判断

基準

で安

全なの

か心

配

⑪地

域や

日本

の経

済が

心配

⑫安

全対

策が

数年

先に

なってい

るの

が心

配

⑬再

稼働

すると町

の将

来が

心配

⑭他

（　　　　　　　　　　　　　　）

男女

Abe government’s energy policy for 2030

Government proposal: 1 June 2015Japan will raise nuclear power ratio to 20%* by 2030.

*nuclear power to provide 20% of Japan’s electricity

METI’s plan for subsidizing nuclear power(Proposed August 2014)

This example is based on a 10 yen/kwh guaranteed price for utilities.

The utility sells at 8 yen/kwh and electricity consumers subsidize 2 yen.

Graph by Sankei newspaper

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0Nuclear Fossil Fuels Hydro Hydro w/o

Pump Storage

Nuclear+

Hydro Pump Storage

Siting cost

Development cost

Electricty unit cost

Electricity Costs in Japan (Actual)1970~2007

Nuclear Power was never cheap

Source:Electric utilities’ annual securities report/ Japanese government data.

Compiled by:Kenichi Oshima (Economist. Professor, College of International Relations, Ritsumeikan University)June 2010

English translation

Two Choices

Zero nuclear power Restart nuclear powerPreparing for nuclear restart (After rate increase)

Procurement Procurement

Procurement

Fossil fuel

Fossil fuel

Fossil fuel

Nuclear power maintainance

Nuclear power maintainance

This part becomes cheaper

This part becomes cheaper

Nuclear fuel

Zero nuclear or restart, which is cheaper varies with electric utility

1 March 2015"Nuclear Power and Electricity Prices”Kenichi Oshima (Economist, Professor, College of International Relations, Ritsumeikan University)Study Seminar: Electricity Rate Increase and Nuclear PowerOrganized by: Green Action and Consumers Kyoto

English translation

Nuclear Regulation Authority (NRA)5 Commissioners

Governors and Mayors Deciding Restart Issue

Yuichiro ITOGovernor, Kagoshima

Prefecture

Yutaka NOSEMayor, Takahama Town,

Fukui Prefecture

Hideo IWAKIRIMayor, Satsuma-Sendai

City, Kagoshima Prefecture

Kazumi NISHIKAWAGovernor, Fukui

Prefecture

Kazuhiko YAMASHITA Mayor, Ikata Town,

Ehime Prefecture

Tokihiro NAKAMURA Governor, Ehime

Prefecture

Nuclear emergency:253,000 evacuees

Court legally bars operation ofTakahama nuclear power plant

14 April 2015

Mayor Toshiki KUDOH

!

磯ダム

南部坂ダム

新中野ダム

矢別ダム

浄水場

万畳敷原野

クキド瀬戸

弁天島

ハネコエ島

葛登支岬

石崎

大鼻岬

立待岬

黒岩岬

津鼻崎

大間崎

割石崎

根田内崎

汐首岬

弁天岬

函館港

大間港

目滝

川

大野川

磯谷川

七重浜

小沼

笹流貯水池

観音山

木地挽山

函館山

楢山

七飯岳

貧乏山

庄司山

蝦夷松山

蓬揃山

雁皮山

鳴川岳

横津岳

袴腰岳

硫黄山熊泊山丸山

三界平山

折戸山

清水山

気無山

三森山台場山

泣面山

30.4

683.0 592.1

779.2

501.0

570.4

667.0

500.9

747.0

769.2

1166.9

1108.3

817.9909.2

321.3

415.1

842.1

835.0

当別駅

上磯駅

清川口駅

久根別駅七

重浜駅

五稜郭駅

函館駅

渡島大野駅

七飯駅

大中山駅

桔梗駅

大沼駅

仁山駅

新川汲トンネル

函館本線

大間FT

函館空港

縄文ロマン南かやべ

228227

5

279

228

278

渡島総合振興局

ニヤマ高原

横津岳

函館倶楽部

函館パークCC

函館KGカントリーC

函館よこつGC

茂別館跡

松前藩戸切地陣屋跡

五稜郭香雪園

志苔館跡

四稜郭

高岩

屏風立岩

汐垂石

大船遺跡

覚王寺

湯の川温泉

大間温泉

川汲温泉

大船温泉下の湯

大船温泉上の湯

函館大

北大水産実験所

材木

北斗市

七飯町

大間町

函館市恵山岬

恵山

銚子岬

618.1

山背泊漁港

恵山漁港

なとわ・えさん

日浦岬

恵山支所

椴法華支所

南茅部支所

戸井支所戸井漁港

大間原発から２０km

大間原発から４０km

大間原発から5０km

大間原発から３０km

古部漁港

木直漁港

大間原発建設地

"The City of Hakodate is seeking a court injunction to bar operation of the Ōma Nuclear Power Plant

“If a severe accident occurs, the municipalities

in the area will collapse.”

Petition ConcerningNuclear PowerEmergency Measures23 April 2015

Union of Kansai Governments(7 governors and 4 mayors)to Japanese Government

English translation

We seek that the national government address the following matters immediately.

We cannot accept restart of the Takahama nuclear power plant unless the following is realized.

Excerpt:

The government exert its leadership to have the owner/operator immediately sign a safety agreement with local and regional authorities including the PAZ and UPZ zones, a same agreement equal in level as that signed with the authorities of the reactor site.

Clarify the responsibility of the national government.>>

By:Providing a clear explanation concerning the criterion and the procedure for arriving at a judgement about restart (of the nuclear reactors).

What entity will take responsibility for the risks.

How will this responsibility be shouldered.

Establish the necessary legal framework in order to implement the above.

Clarify which local authorities the government will seek consent from.

Explain, with clear and concrete substantiation, how executable evacuation measures will be secured.

Japan: Areas within 250 kilometers of nuclear power plants

23 May 2014Akahata newspaper

Fukui: “No” to restarting nuclear power

Demonstrations in central Kyoto, 60km from Ohi and Takahama nuclear power plants (Fukui Prefecture)

Kyoto: Protesting Restart of Nuclear Power

2013年3月9日　バイバイ原発・京都

2013年3月9日　バイバイ原発・京都

Kyoto: Protesting Restart of Nuclear Power

Demonstrations in central Kyoto, 60km from Ohi and Takahama nuclear power plants (Fukui Prefecture)

July 2007: Last WarningWarning against Genpatsu Shinsai — a disastrous nuclear power plant accident caused by a large earthquake

The Chuetsu Oki Earthquake, 16 July 2007Smoke coming out of TEPCO’s Kashiwazaki-Kariwa, the highest-capacity nuclear power plant in the world.

Katsuhiko ISHIBASHISeismologist, Emeritus professor, Kobe University

“There are many serious defects with the New Regulatory Requirements.”

“It is outrageous that even these inadequate standards are being violated.”

“If such lax review processes continue... this could very well lead to a second Genpatsu Shinsai (earthquake-nuclear combined disaster).”

脱原発をめざす首長会議　http://mayors.npfree.jp/

Genpatsu Zero-no-Kai(Zero nuclear power Diet members group)

Members:64 National Diet members from 8 political parties and independentsEstablished 27 March 2012

Breakdown of parties:4 Liberal Democratic Party of Japan 16 Democratic Party of Japan 8 Japan Innovation Party 6 Your Party 18 Japanese Communist Party 3 People's Life Party 4 Social Democratic Party 1 New Renaissance Party 4 Independent

e-shift is a network of organizations and individuals established in the wake of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster in March 2011. An overarching objective of e-shift is to facilitate a nuclear power phase-out and promote renewable energy policies to make Japanese society more ecological and sustainable. http://e-shift.org/

http://e-shift.org/

http://e-shift.org/

Citizens' Commission on Nuclear Energywww.ccnejapan.com

http://www.ccnejapan.com

http://www.ccnejapan.com

Aileen Mioko SmithMayors for a Nuclear Power Free Japan3-13-1-2F Takadanobaba, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-0075, Japantel: +81-3-6851-9791 fax: +81-3-3363-7562email: [email protected]

Aileen Mioko Smith is executive director of Green Action, a Japanese environmental NGO based in Kyoto working for a Japan free of nuclear power.

experiences and lessons on energy...

Documents