exercise 7: overview of the skeleton
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Exercise 7: Overview of the Skeleton. Bio 111 Deborah L. Huber. Lab Exam 2. ALL FILL IN! ALL identifying structures in photos or bones Spelling counts . Terms to know:. Periosteum Diaphysis Epiphysis Spongy bone Compact bone Medullary cavity Endosteum Lamellae - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Exercise 7: Overview of the Skeleton
Bio 111Deborah L. Huber
Lab Exam 2ALL FILL IN!ALL identifying structures in photos or bonesSpelling counts
Terms to know:
• Periosteum• Diaphysis• Epiphysis• Spongy bone• Compact bone• Medullary cavity • Endosteum• Lamellae• Osteocyte in lacuna• Canaliculi• Central canal (Haversian canal)
The functions of the skeletal system• Provides body an internal framework • Protects many of the body’s soft organs• Store lipids and many minerals• Provide a site for blood cell formation in their red marrow cavities
The functions of the skeletal system• Provides body an internal framework • Protects many of the body’s soft organs• Store lipids and many minerals• Provide a site for blood cell formation in their red marrow cavities
The functions of the skeletal system• Provides body an internal framework • Protects many of the body’s soft organs• Store lipids and many minerals• Provide a site for blood cell formation in their red marrow cavities
The functions of the skeletal system• Provides body an internal framework • Protects many of the body’s soft organs• Store lipids and many minerals• Provide a site for blood cell formation in their red marrow cavities
The functions of the skeletal system• Provides body an internal framework • Protects many of the body’s soft organs• Store lipids and many minerals• Provide a site for blood cell formation in their red marrow cavities
The two subdivisions of the skeleton:
axial skeleton appendicular skeleton
The two subdivisions of the skeleton:
axial skeleton appendicular skeleton
The two subdivisions of the skeleton:
axial skeleton appendicular skeleton
Bone Markings
• Bulges, depressions, and holes serve as• Sites of attachment for muscles, ligaments, and tendons• Joint surfaces• Conduits for blood vessels and nerves
Bone Markings
• Bulges, depressions, and holes serve as• Sites of attachment for muscles, ligaments, and tendons• Joint surfaces• Conduits for blood vessels and nerves
Bone Markings
• Bulges, depressions, and holes serve as• Sites of attachment for muscles, ligaments, and tendons• Joint surfaces• Conduits for blood vessels and nerves
Bone Markings
• Bulges, depressions, and holes serve as• Sites of attachment for muscles, ligaments, and tendons• Joint surfaces• Conduits for blood vessels and nerves
Bone Markings: Projections
• Sites of muscle and ligament attachment (Table 6.1)• Tuberosity—rounded projection• Crest—narrow, prominent ridge • Trochanter—large, blunt, irregular surface• Line—narrow ridge of bone• Tubercle—small rounded projection• Epicondyle—raised area above a condyle• Spine—sharp, slender projection• Process—any bony prominence
Bone Markings: Projections
• Sites of muscle and ligament attachment (Table 6.1)• Tuberosity—rounded projection• Crest—narrow, prominent ridge • Trochanter—large, blunt, irregular surface• Line—narrow ridge of bone• Tubercle—small rounded projection• Epicondyle—raised area above a condyle• Spine—sharp, slender projection• Process—any bony prominence
Bone Markings: Projections
• Sites of muscle and ligament attachment (Table 6.1)• Tuberosity—rounded projection• Crest—narrow, prominent ridge • Trochanter—large, blunt, irregular surface• Line—narrow ridge of bone• Tubercle—small rounded projection• Epicondyle—raised area above a condyle• Spine—sharp, slender projection• Process—any bony prominence
Bone Markings: Projections
• Sites of muscle and ligament attachment (Table 6.1)• Tuberosity—rounded projection• Crest—narrow, prominent ridge • Trochanter—large, blunt, irregular surface• Line—narrow ridge of bone• Tubercle—small rounded projection• Epicondyle—raised area above a condyle• Spine—sharp, slender projection• Process—any bony prominence
Bone Markings: Projections
• Sites of muscle and ligament attachment (Table 6.1)• Tuberosity—rounded projection• Crest—narrow, prominent ridge • Trochanter—large, blunt, irregular surface• Line—narrow ridge of bone• Tubercle—small rounded projection• Epicondyle—raised area above a condyle• Spine—sharp, slender projection• Process—any bony prominence
Bone Markings: Projections
• Projections that help to form joints (Table 6.1)• Head• Bony expansion carried on a narrow neck
• Facet• Smooth, nearly flat articular surface
• Condyle• Rounded articular projection
• Ramus• Armlike bar
Bone Markings: Projections
• Projections that help to form joints (Table 6.1)• Head• Bony expansion carried on a narrow neck
• Facet• Smooth, nearly flat articular surface
• Condyle• Rounded articular projection
• Ramus• Armlike bar
Bone Markings: Projections
• Projections that help to form joints (Table 6.1)• Head• Bony expansion carried on a narrow neck
• Facet• Smooth, nearly flat articular surface
• Condyle• Rounded articular projection
• Ramus• Armlike bar
Bone Textures
• Compact bone• Dense outer layer
• Spongy (cancellous) bone• Honeycomb of trabeculae
Bone Textures
• Compact bone• Dense outer layer
• Spongy (cancellous) bone• Honeycomb of trabeculae
Bone Textures
• Compact bone• Dense outer layer
• Spongy (cancellous) bone• Honeycomb of trabeculae
Figure 6.5
Compactbone
Trabeculae
Spongy bone(diploë)
The structure of a long bone
Structure of a Long Bone
• Diaphysis (shaft)• Compact bone collar surrounds
medullary (marrow) cavity• Medullary cavity in adults contains fat
(yellow marrow)
Structure of a Long Bone
• Diaphysis (shaft)• Compact bone collar surrounds
medullary (marrow) cavity• Medullary cavity in adults contains fat
(yellow marrow)
Structure of a Long Bone
• Diaphysis (shaft)• Compact bone collar surrounds
medullary (marrow) cavity• Medullary cavity in adults contains fat
(yellow marrow)
Structure of a Long Bone
• Epiphyses• Expanded ends • Spongy bone interior • Epiphyseal line (remnant of growth
plate) • Articular (hyaline) cartilage on joint
surfaces
Structure of a Long Bone
• Epiphyses• Expanded ends • Spongy bone interior • Epiphyseal line (remnant of growth
plate) • Articular (hyaline) cartilage on joint
surfaces
Structure of a Long Bone
• Epiphyses• Expanded ends • Spongy bone interior • Epiphyseal line (remnant of growth
plate) • Articular (hyaline) cartilage on joint
surfaces
Structure of a Long Bone
• Epiphyses• Expanded ends • Spongy bone interior • Epiphyseal line (remnant of growth
plate) • Articular (hyaline) cartilage on joint
surfaces
Membranes of Bone
• Periosteum• Outer fibrous layer• Inner osteogenic layer• Osteoblasts (bone-forming cells)• Osteoclasts (bone-destroying
cells)• Osteogenic cells (stem cells)
• Nerve fibers, nutrient blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels enter the bone via nutrient foramina• Secured to underlying bone by
Sharpey’s fibers
Membranes of Bone
• Periosteum• Outer fibrous layer• Inner osteogenic layer• Osteoblasts (bone-forming cells)• Osteoclasts (bone-destroying
cells)• Osteogenic cells (stem cells)
• Nerve fibers, nutrient blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels enter the bone via nutrient foramina• Secured to underlying bone by
Sharpey’s fibers
Membranes of Bone
• Periosteum• Outer fibrous layer• Inner osteogenic layer• Osteoblasts (bone-forming cells)• Osteoclasts (bone-destroying
cells)• Osteogenic cells (stem cells)
• Nerve fibers, nutrient blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels enter the bone via nutrient foramina• Secured to underlying bone by
Sharpey’s fibers
Membranes of Bone
• Periosteum• Outer fibrous layer• Inner osteogenic layer• Osteoblasts (bone-forming cells)• Osteoclasts (bone-destroying
cells)• Osteogenic cells (stem cells)
• Nerve fibers, nutrient blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels enter the bone via nutrient foramina• Secured to underlying bone by
Sharpey’s fibers
Membranes of Bone
• Endosteum• Delicate membrane on internal surfaces of
bone
Membranes of Bone
• Endosteum• Delicate membrane on internal surfaces of
bone
Microscopic Anatomy of Bone: Compact Bone
• Haversian system, or osteon—structural unit• Lamellae
• Weight-bearing• Column-like matrix tubes
• Central (Haversian) canal• Contains blood vessels and
nerves
Microscopic Anatomy of Bone: Compact Bone
• Haversian system, or osteon—structural unit• Lamellae
• Weight-bearing• Column-like matrix tubes
• Central (Haversian) canal• Contains blood vessels and
nerves
Microscopic Anatomy of Bone: Compact Bone
• Haversian system, or osteon—structural unit• Lamellae
• Weight-bearing• Column-like matrix tubes
• Central (Haversian) canal• Contains blood vessels and
nerves
Microscopic Anatomy of Bone: Compact Bone
• Haversian system, or osteon—structural unit• Lamellae
• Weight-bearing• Column-like matrix tubes
• Central (Haversian) canal• Contains blood vessels and
nerves
Microscopic Anatomy of Bone: Compact Bone
• Haversian system, or osteon—structural unit• Lamellae
• Weight-bearing• Column-like matrix tubes
• Central (Haversian) canal• Contains blood vessels and
nerves
Microscopic Anatomy of Bone: Compact Bone
• Perforating (Volkmann’s) canals• At right angles to the central
canal• Connects blood vessels and
nerves of the periosteum and central canal
• Lacunae—small cavities that contain osteocytes• Canaliculi—hairlike canals
that connect lacunae to each other and the central canal
Microscopic Anatomy of Bone: Compact Bone
• Perforating (Volkmann’s) canals• At right angles to the central
canal• Connects blood vessels and
nerves of the periosteum and central canal
• Lacunae—small cavities that contain osteocytes• Canaliculi—hairlike canals
that connect lacunae to each other and the central canal
Microscopic Anatomy of Bone: Compact Bone
• Perforating (Volkmann’s) canals• At right angles to the central
canal• Connects blood vessels and
nerves of the periosteum and central canal
• Lacunae—small cavities that contain osteocytes• Canaliculi—hairlike canals
that connect lacunae to each other and the central canal
Microscopic Anatomy of Bone: Spongy Bone• Trabeculae
• Align along lines of stress• No osteons• Contain irregularly
arranged lamellae, osteocytes, and canaliculi• Capillaries in endosteum
supply nutrients
Microscopic Anatomy of Bone: Spongy Bone• Trabeculae
• Align along lines of stress• No osteons• Contain irregularly
arranged lamellae, osteocytes, and canaliculi• Capillaries in endosteum
supply nutrients
Microscopic Anatomy of Bone: Spongy Bone• Trabeculae
• Align along lines of stress• No osteons• Contain irregularly
arranged lamellae, osteocytes, and canaliculi• Capillaries in endosteum
supply nutrients
One osteon/Haversian system up closeThe structural unit of compact bone
One osteon/Haversian system up closeThe structural unit of compact bone
One osteon/Haversian system up closeThe structural unit of compact bone
One osteon/Haversian system up closeThe structural unit of compact bone
One osteon/Haversian system up closeThe structural unit of compact bone
Closer…
Closer…
Closer…
Closer…