examination of brassicaceae seed meal as a soil amendment to control pythium ultimum in tomato (...
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Examination of Brassicaceae seed meal as a soil amendment to control Pythium ultimum in
tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum) and pepper (Capsicum annuum)
production systems.
MAXWELL HANDISENIPlant, Soil and Entomological
SciencesIdaho OilSeed Conference 2009
Outline
Introduction Materials and
Methods Results Conclusion
Introduction Tomato and peppers among most
valuable vegetables. Traditional soil borne disease
management relied heavily on chemicals.
Brassicaceae material associated with soil borne disease suppression.
Glucosinolate products responsible. Variability of glucosinolate type and
content.
Glucosinolate Breakdown
S-C6H11O5
R – C
NOSO-3
S -
R – C
N -
+ Glucose
+ HSO-4
R-N=C=S Isothiocyana
te
R-CN Nitrile & Sulfur
R-S-CN Thiocyanate
H2O
Myrosinases
Type B. napus B. juncea S. alba
Allyl - 300.9 -
3-But 34.4 1.3 -
4-Pent 8.4 0.1 -
2-Hyd-3-But 75.4 0.1 8.5
OH-Benz - - 235.6
Total 114.2 302.9 244.1
Glucosinolate Profiles
Materials and Methods
Materials and Methods
Three meals examined: Sinapis alba (‘IdaGold’),
yellow mustard. Brassica juncea (‘Pacific
Gold’), Oriental mustard. Brassica napus (‘Dwarf
Essex’), rapeseed.
Materials and Methods
Meal treatments: 0.5% (w/w) denatured seed meal. 0.5% (w/w) non denatured seed
meal. 0.5% (w/w) as a non glucosinolate
seed meal. Pythium and no amendment control No Pythium and no amendment
control .
Materials and Methods
Pathogen species Pythium ultimum.
Pathogen species Tomato (“Red Scarlet”) Pepper (“New Ace”)
Each experimental unit 7 conical pots each with two
seeds of the same crop.
Materials and Methods
Design Randomized Complete Block
Design Three replications and repeated
2 times.Data collected Seedling emergence daily from 7 to 11
DAP. Final seedling emergence.
Results
Results
NM.NP
NM.P BN DN.BN BJ DN.BJ SA DN.SA SY0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90 a
b
a a aa
b
a bTomato Seedling Emergence
Seed
lin
g e
merg
en
ce
(%)
Seed meal type
Results
7 8 9 10 110
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
DE
DN.DE
DN.IG
DN.PG
IG
NM.NP
NM.P
PG
SY
Days after planting
Seed
lin
g e
merg
en
ce
(%)
Tomato seedling emergence
Results
NM.NP NM.P BN DN.BN BJ DN.BJ SA DN.SA SY0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
a
aba a a
ab
c
b
a
Pepper Seedling Emergence
Seed
lin
g e
merg
en
ce
(%)
Seed meal type
Results
7 8 9 10 110
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90DE
DN.DE
DN.IG
DN.PG
IG
NM.NP
NM.P
PG
SY
Days after planting
Seed
lin
g e
merg
en
ce
(%)
Pepper seedling emergence
Conclusions B. juncea, B.napus seed meals
increased pepper and tomato seedling emergence.
Both S. alba seed meals reduced tomato and seedling emergence.
Mechanism for pathogen suppression are dependent but not limited to glucosinolate products content.
Performance of seed meals vary from species to species.
Acknowledgements
Dr Jack Brown-Major Professor
Dr Robert Zemetra Dr Mark Mazzola Canola Lab Crew:
Jim Davis Clark Neely Donna Brown Mary Lauver Lindy Seip
QUESTIONS