Examination of Ankle & FootNOORA ALAMMADI

First we have to:

• LOOK• FEEL • MOVE

Look for:

• Asymmetry• Deformity• Scars• Swelling• Bruising• Nail changes• Hallux valgus or varus• Alignment of heel & toes

Feel for:

• Tenderness• Heat• Stiffness• Pulse• Temperature• Prominent landmarks (lateral

and medial malleoli)

Foot pulsation

Check for Movements

1. Dorsiflexion2. Plantar flexion3. Inversion4. Eversion 5. Abduction6. Adduction7. Movements of foot

Special Tests

• Ankle’s ligaments stability

• Integrity of Achilles tendon

Ankle’s ligaments stability

• Patient: supine position• Grasp heel & stabilize leg• Forcibly laterally or medially

rotate ankle.• Stress test of collateral ligament.• Feel for any opening.

Ankle’s ligaments stability

Integrity of Achilles tendon

• Patient: prone position• Flexing knee joint• Squeeze calf muscles• Normally leg will plantar flex

little bit.• If no movement =>

abnormal.