exam 2 review

Exam 2 Review

Topics

Chapter 5 Data Resource Management Database Terminology Types of Relationships Comparison to File Systems

Labs Introduction to Databases Wagemart Scheduling (DSS) Supply Chain Mgmt. & RFID Fund Trading Lab (DSS)

Student Presentations &Related Reading (see website) DBMS CRM ERP SCM EIS DSS GIS

Expert System will be on the final but not this exam

First, understand the big picture.

Historical Perspective

Information Systems were initially designed to meet the needs of traditional functional areas of business

Accounting

Finance

Human Resources

Production or Operations

Marketing

CRM System

Modern View

Enterprise Systems are so valuable and superior, Functional System are rarely developed anymore

An Enterprise System can replace several Functional Systems

AccountingSystem

FinanceSystem

HR System

Production or Operations (PCS)

MarketingSystem

Oracle Siebel

Modern IS Systems

The big software developers (Oracle for example), now sell Enterprise Systems (cross-functional), not functional systems. i.e., they don’t sell a marketing System, but they do sell a

CRM system. Why?

Used byAccounting

FinanceSystem

HR System

Essential for Operations

Used by Marketing

CRM System

Accounting System

In the Real World

You might use more than one Enterprise System. Example, if you work in Accounting, you might use 2 different

Enterprise Systems and one functional system.

AccountingFinance Human

Resources

Production

Marketing

ERP System

CRM System

Accounting System

Why this course matters

Accountant’s without a back-ground in MIS might not understand the roles these three systems play and why all three are necessary.


Resources

Production

Marketing

ERP System

CRM System

Accounting System

Key Principle

These system exist because of common goals and the need to share information.

Business Processes are not isolated to one area


Resources

Production

Marketing

ERP System

Traditional Classification(Types of Systems)

Information Systems

Operations Support Systems

Management Support Systems

Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)

Process Control Systems (PCS)

Enterprise Collaboration Systems (ECS)

Management Information Systems (MIS)

Decision Support Systems (DSS)

Executive Information Systems (EIS)

Modern View

But, Cross-Functional Systems are so complex, they do not fit into one category. Information

Systems









CRM System

WTF?

Q: Why did we study the different types if modern systems rarely fit one specific type?

A: Some basic systems still fit perfectly into a category Example: Outlook is just an ECS.

A: Some enterprise system lack a certain characteristic. Example: A poorly design CRM may not have any

DSS characteristics.

In the Real World

Does this mean an ERP system replaces all these other systems?

Information Systems









ERP System

In the Real World It means that an ERP system has some of the

characteristics of all these types of systems. But, you still might need a basic TPS to handle your point

of sale operations and ECS to collaborate.

Information Systems









Peoplesoft

Outlook

Cash Register System (POS)

Second, make sure you understand databases

Almost all information systems have an underlying database

Basic Information System ArchitectureForms

Reports

Charts

Applications

Algorithms

User Interface

Queries

DBMS

Information Systems that transform Data into something more useful…

Database:Tables RelationshipsMetadata

User

Logical vs. Physical

Forms

Reports

Charts

Applications

Algorithms

User Interface

Queries

DBMS

Information Systems

Database

User

Physical Access Layerhow to actually fetch the data from a hard disk or server

Logical Access Layerhow to access the DBMS

Why Databases are so great… Database Management System (DBMS)

does all the nitty-gritty work. Information Systems just have to deal with

Logical (high-level) Access.

Physical Access Layerhow to actually fetch the data from a hard disk or server

Logical Access Layerhow to access the DBMS

DBMS

Before Databases

Marketing Application

These Information Systems are custom built based on the data (documents, files, spreadsheets)

Customer Data Docs

Inventory Management System (TPS)

Financial Calculator Tool

SpecialInventory Data File

Financial Spreadsheets

SalesTeam

Warehouse Manager

VP of Finance

Functional Systems built with DBMS

Marketing System

DBMS

These Information Systems are now Database Applications

Customer Data


Finance System

Inventory Data

Financial Data

SalesTeam

Warehouse Manager

VP of Finance

Enterprise Systems built with DBMS

CRM System

DBMS

These Information Systems are now Database Applications

Customer Data


ERP System

Inventory Data

Financial Data

SalesTeam

Warehouse Manager

VP of Finance

Databases But, databases are not just a bunch of tables

A database also includes relationships between the different tables

CustomersCID FName LName Address

508 Eric Breimer ...

509 Andrew Zych ...

510 Greg Smith ...

ProductsPID Description Cost

199 Viagra $45.99

200 Tooth Paste $2.58

201 Hair Gel $5.99

OrdersOID CID PID Quantity

001 508 199 500,000

002 508 201 2

003 510 201 1

Types of Relationships

One to One

ThingA ThingB

Relationship

Man Woman

Married


One to Many

Faculty

Student

Student

Student

Advises

Get Advisement


Many to Many

course has a student

student takes course

Course

Student

Student

StudentCourse

Student

Supply Chain Management Systems Remember Lindsey and Deanna’s

presentation.

Process of SCM:

SCM systems assist with flow of Raw materials Producing products Providing service Delivering the product to the end consumer.

Goals of an SCM system:

Speed Efficiency Reduce Cost Improve Supply chain cycle times (to get a

company’s products from concept to market)

Five Basic Components:

1. Plan

2. Source

3. Make

4. Deliver

5. Return

Third, review student presentations

See the website…

Also, the website tells you the corresponding reading.

Know the supply chain…

This wasn’t adequately covered in any of the presentations.

What if there aren’t enough bikes in Finished Inventory?

What if you don’t have enough bike parts?

SCM Example

Supply Chain Systems are so complicated that its sometimes hard to see simple solutions.

Simple Solution: The guy who orders parts queries the Finished Inventory Database and the Orders Database.

In the older system, he only looked at the Parts database to see if they should re-order parts.

SCM Fundamentals

Implementing and then using an SCM can re-engineer a company. This could improve the company’s operations

significantly Leads to Strategic Advantage

However, notice that an SCM system if very Operational Its used everyday to support the core business

process. ERP systems are very different…

ERP Systems

So how are they different than SCM Systems? The key is the word “Planning” Planning is a forward thinking process

Planning for next year… Supply Chain management

Planning for your next order Implementing and using an ERP can re-engineer a

company in even more strategic ways. SCM system are more focused on ….?

ERP Example

Remember the presentation by…

Shalagh, Tara, and Kristen

One ERP System:Peoplesoft Peoplesoft by ORACLE Helps Companies with: Customer Relationship Management Financial Management Supply Chain Management Project Management Asset Lifecyle Management Sales and Other Application

ERP ADVANTAGES Complete orders faster Fewer errors Security features to protect against outside

crime Better customer service Improved efficiency and productivity Easier to share data across departments Complete revenue cycle faster

Do you get it?

What’s more likely…

An ERP system has a CRM and SCM built into it.

A SCM system has an ERP and CRM built into it.

Here is another distinction

SCM system help deliver products to customers faster…

CRM systems can also help with this…

But, CRM system are more focused on things like Customer Service Improving Sales Marketing Support

Remember Ken & Nicole’s presentation… Sales - Marketing

Marketing & Customer Service Customer service could

be an operational devision.

Training - HR

CRM and Human Resources

Professional Development

Performance Management

Human Resource Development & Compensation

Players Within a CRM

Customer Advocates & Experience Designers

Performance Managers & Marketing Analysts

Customer & Employee Surveyors & Analysts

Input

Database with: Customer’s interactions with the organization Support information Requests Complaints Interviews Survey responses

DSS

Julie, Lizzy, and Mike’s presentation is a must see…

Why Use a DSS?

Linear Programming

Regression Analysis

Decision Trees

Forecasting

Analytical Modeling

Type of Modeling

Example

What-if analysis If we raised our advertising budget by 15% of our employees, what would happen to sales?

Sensitivity analysis

Continuously raise our advertising budget by 1% to monitor its relationship to sales

Goal-seeking analysis

Increase our advertising budget until sales reach $10 million

Optimization analysis

What number of advertisements maximizes our overall profit?

In the real world…

Most Management Information Systems are now so interactive that….

Every MIS is really a DSS.

Interactivity and Data Modeling are the key ingredients that distinguish a DSS from an MIS.

Where do GIS’s fit in?

There are a new kind of DSS that integrates geographic data with regular table-based data. Maps + Spatial Data + Tables

See the presentation by Jill, Will, and Stacey…

Things to look at: Raster vs. Vector

EIS: The top of the pyramid

A picture is worth a thousand words:

An Executive

EIS

MIS DSSCRM

MISMIS TPS

SCM

PCS

External Data

EIS

see Larissa &Ciara’s slides for more details…

exam 2 review

Documents