AD-A.166 146 THE EX-SHADIdELL-FULL SCALE FIRE RESEARCH AND TEST SHIP 1/2(U) NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DCH W CARHART ET AL. S6 OCT 67 NRL-MR-69?4UNCLASSI

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Naval Research Laboratory ' ' [ILE COPYLWashington, DC 20375-5000

NRL Memorandum Report 6074A

The Ex-Shadwell-0 Full Scale Fire Research and Test Ship

HOMER W. CARHART AND FREDERICK W. WILLIAMS ICNa,'y Technology Center for Safety and Survivability Branch EL.ECT F'

Chemistry Division 0 7

October 6, 1987 1• 1o

=I

SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGEForm Approved

REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE OMBNo 070-ppola REPORT SECURITY CLASSIFICATION lb RESTRICTIVE MARKINGS

UNCLASSIFIED2a SECURITY CLASSIFICATION AUTHORITY 3 DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY OF REPORT

2b DECLASSIFICATION/DOWNGRADING SCHEDULE Approved for public release; distribution unlimited.

4 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER(S) 5 MONITORING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER(S)

NRL Memorandum Report 6074

6a NAME OF PERFORMING ORGANIZATION 6b OFFICE SYMBOL 7a. NAME OF MONITORING ORGANIZATIONN a R(If applicable)Naval Research Laboratory Code 6180

6c. ADDRESS (City, State, and ZIPCode) 7b ADDRESS (City, State, and ZIP Code)

Washington, DC 20375-5000

8a. NAME OF FUNDING/SPONSORING 8b. OFFICE SYMBOL 9 PROCUREMENT INSTRUMENT IDENTIFICATION NUMBERORGANIZATION (If applicable)

Naval Sea System Command SEAO5R238c. ADDRESS (City, State, and ZIP Code) 10 SOURCE OF FUNDING NUMBERS

PROGRAM PROJECT TASK WORK UNITWashington, DC 20362-5 101 ELEMENT NO NO. NO ACCESSION NO

64516N S1828 DN480-68411 TITLE (Include Security Classification)

The Ex-Shadwell-Full Scale Fire Research and Test Ship12 PERSONAL AUTHOR(S)

Carhart, Homer W. and Williams, Frederick W.13a TYPE OF REPORT 13b TIME COVERED 14. DATE OF REPORT (Year, Month, Day) 15 PAGE COUNT

Interim FROM TO _ 1987 October 6 10316 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTATION

17 COSATI CODES 18 SUBJECT TERMS (Continue on reverse if necessary and identify by block number)

FIELD GROUP SUB GROUP Fire Integrated testingDamage Control Shipboard testing

19 ABSTRACT (Continue on reverse if necessary and identify by block number)

thc EX-SHADWELL is a decomissioned Land Ship Dock (LSD-15) which is being converted to a damage controltest bed. Full scale testing of most facets of damage control can be accomplished on this ship. It will be located at theU.S. Coast Guard Fire and Safety Test Detachment, Mobile, Alabama.

This report describes the overall general capabilities for the EX-SHADWELL along with supporting documents for

devcloping specific test plan for RDT&E aboard the vesscl.

20 DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILTY OF ABSTRACT 21 ABSTRACT SECURITY CLASSIFICATION

El UNCLASSIFIED/UNLIMITED f3 SAME AS RPT E DTIC USERS UNCLASSIFIED22a NAMF OF RESPONSIBLE INDIVIDUAL 22b TELEPHONE (Include AreaCode) 22c OFFICE SYMBOL

Frederick W. Williams (202) 767-2476 Code 6180DD Form 1473, JUN 86 Prevous editions are obsolete S[ CIJRITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PACE

: i.

, %~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.... ,=.,. ....•... .. %......... ....... .....--........ ..".......- ' -, .,.P. -. ".", . -

CONTENTS

BACKGROUND ............................. . .................... 1

INTRODUCTION ........................ ......... . 1

CAPABILITIES/OPPORTUNITIES ............................. 4

1.0 Passive Fire Safety (Fire Hardening) ............... 42.0 Damage Control Systems/Equipment ................... 43.0 Damage Control Procedures/Doctrine ................. 44.0 Baseline Burns for Generic Spaces ................. 55.0 Fire Protection/Chemical, Biological Interface ..... 56.0 Personnel Protection/Toxicity ...................... 57.0 Training Scenarios ................................. 6

ADMINISTRATION ..................................... 6

APPENDIX A - Joint Research Agreement ............... 7

* APPENDIX B - EX-SHADWELL'S Isometric Drawings ............... 13

APPENDIX C - EX-SHADWELL's Initial Test Zones ................. 17

APPENDIX D - EX-SHADWELL's Test Opportunities ............... 23

APPENDIX E - Typical Active and Passive Test Plans .......... 37

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THE EX-SHADWELL - FULL SCALE FIRE RESEARCH AND TEST SHIP

BACKGROUND

The purpose of this report is to inform the reader of thecurrent capabilities and plans for use of the EX-SHADWELL(LSD-15) in specific damage control tests and evaluations. Thereport is meant to be a living document and will change ac-cording to Navy needs, availability of the ship and funding. Wehope also to stimulate the thinking of the reader so that inputfrom various interests, such as the Fleet, Systems Commands(SYSCOMS), Chief of Naval Operations (OPNAV), Laboratories,other government agencies and industry can be used as an updateto the report on a periodic basis. Written as well as oralcomments are solicited and encouraged.

A Joint Research Agreement has been developed among theU.S. Coast Guard (USCG), Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA) andOffice of ilaval Research (ONR)[Appendix A] concerning coopera-tion in research at the U.S. Coast Guard's Fire and Safety TestDetachment, Little Sand Island, Mobile, Alabama and where theEX-SHADWELL is berthed. The coordinator and custodian for theEX-SHADWELL is the Navy Technology Center for Safety andSurvivability at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) Code 6180.The NRL point of contact is Dr. Frederick W. Williams, NRL Code6180, commercial telephone number (202) 767-2476, Autovon297-2476. The Naval Sea Systems Command points of contact are

Mr. David Kay, NAVSEA Code 56Y52, commercial telephone number(202) 692-5515, Autovon 222-5515, and Mr. Carl Pohler, NAVSEACode 05R23, commercial telephone number (202) 692-2980, Autovon222-2980.

INTRODUCTION

U.S.S. SHADWELL (LSD-15) is now decommissioned and referredr a "EX-SHADWELL". Her vital statistics are: overall length457'6", beam 72'0", full load displacement 9078 tons (shipisometric drawings can be found in Appendix B). She has a proudhistory of service during WW-II and performed what was termed a'miraculous" recovery after sustaining extensive damage by theenemy. "Damage Control" was required and saved this ship in thepast, and now EX-SHADWELL serves the Navy again by providing aplatform from which the "art" and science of ship survivabilitymay be enhanced significantly because of the many opportunitiesshe offers for realism in RDT&E which was not not possible priorto her acquisition.

Manuscript approved July 10, 1987.

.A"

77 Jr V T -V -7 'A - -

"Damage control is defined as the measures necessary topreserve or reestablish watertight integrity, stability,maneuverability, and offensive power; to control list and trim;to effect repairs of material; to limit the spread of andprovide adequate protection from fire; to limit the spread of,remove the contamination by, and provide adequate protectionagainst the effects of chemical and biological agents or noxiousgases and nuclear radiation; and to provide for care of woundedpersonnel (Naval Warfare Procedure (NWP) 62-1)". Damage controlincludes the functional combination of all personnel, equipment,material, devices and techniques designed to prevent, minimize,or restore (recover from) damage which occurs in wartime orpeacetime. This includes passive defense for conventional,nuclear, biological, and chemical warfare, and all activedefense measures short of those designed to prevent successfuldelivery of enemy attack by military means or sabotage. NAVSEAand the Navy Laboratories have long been in the business ofproviding hardware and software for the purpose of damagecontrol. However, nothing stands in isolation, as indicated bythe "functional combination" above. We have added the "person-nel" in the make-up of damage control, for after all, man is anabsolute prerequisite in reactive damage control. "Man", hisunderstanding, his capabilities and his limitations are what wedepend on for expression of problems and solutions. Fleet"feedback" on problems is often given to OPNAV, NAVSEA, the NavyLaboratories and others. The Fleet fulfills one of its func-tions, when it expresses these problems. The responsibility ofthe supporting community is to understand the problems, breakthem into manageable action items and develop correctivemeasures. Included in these corrective measures should be theability to integrate individual solutions into the environmentwhere they will be operative.

The EX-SHADWELL presents the Navy Laboratories and theSystems Commaucis with the capability to conduct thoroughinvestigations and analyses that verify the problems, thenpropose solutions on a scale most nearly representative of thetrue operational environment. Scientific evaluation of shortterm experiments and long term studies can be conducted and con-trolled on board EX-SHADWELL that would not be practical on anoperational ship.

Shipboard personnel and the training community have beenInfluenced by two generations of relatively little combatexperience. Although we have experienced disastrous fires,fires under combat conditions present a different set ofpriorities and challenges. Fully integrated damage controltests aboard EX-SHADWELL can be conducted under very realistic(but safe) scenarios, including the use of fleet personnel.These tests would provide more than scientific data for theRDT&E efforts; we would also develop a renewed way of thinkingand a pool of experienced operators and trainers that couldreturn to their commands and instill realism into shipboardexercises with credibility.

2

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Operational Test and Evaluation Force (OPTEVFOR) is taskedwith performing Operational Evaluation (OPEVAL) of DamageControl items prior to fleet introduction. Duplicating thedamage scenario for testing aboard active ships has of necessitybeen done through imagination and simulation. Even the limitedfacilities asaore at the training centers are restricted to muchless realism than attainable in EX-SHADWELL. Therefore, testingand evaluation by OPTEVFOR on EX-SHADWELL could approach arealism almost that which would pertain on an actual operatingship in the fleet.

Damage control responsibilities are assigned to manypersonnel in the supporting community ashore; OPNAV sponsors,NAVSEA program managers, technical directors and life cyclemanagers, RDT&E laboratories, NAVSUP, NAVAIR, and various otherline and staff billets. More often than not, these assignmentsare collateral duties (as is shipboard damage control) in whichthe incumbents may not have full appreciation for the demands ofdamage control, its execution and under what conditions. Whilethe mission of the Navy in peacetime includes preparation forwar, many damage control preparations are now being made basedon recognized needs that have evolved from primarily peacetimecasualties. The need for wartime realism is critical, and withthe EX-SHADWELL as the advanced damage control test ship, theopportunity for on-site tests and visits and education ofresponsible personnel would be readily available and encouraged.

Fleet personnel are sometimes faced with technicalquestions for which they have difficulty finding the answer orlocating technical expertise. With EX-SHADWELL being a focus ofinformation relative t3 damage control and the close associationmaintained with the technical authorities, information flow toand from fleet users can be simplified and expedited.

The possibilities for the EX-SHADWELL are almost unlimited.one of the most useful will be integrated tests to simulateenemy actions with multiple casualties, ships force, damagecontrol parties, and snip systems. For these reasons it isimportant to maintain the ship systems tat will play a key rolein amage control such as ventilation, lighting, fire mains,fire pumps, and internal communication. Spectacular fires thatyield very little data are not envisioned, but large fires whichm~y~! 'r occasion appear to be out of control can be set by properpD, nninq, proqramming and control. One real advantage of these f the EX-SHADWELL is that individual tests can be highly

instrmented and controlled for acquisition and processing ofdate, in real tme and later. This makes tests much more usefulin the long run in that knowledge qained and lessons learned canbe ipplied to a variety of scenario: over and beyond thespeific questions posed by the particular test in question,pattt,-Iularly if that test is an attempt to only duplicate thecondltions of a partic'ular accident.

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CAPABILITIES/OPPORTUNITIES

The overall capabilities of the EX-SHADWELL can beorganized into various categories, but for the purpose of thisreport it is divided into seven areas. These are: PassiveFire Safety (Fire Hardening) [1.01; Damage Control Systems/Equip-ent [2.0]; Damage Control Procedures/Doctrine [3.0]; BaselineBurns for Generic Spaces [4.0]; Fire Protection/Chemical, Biolo-gical Interface [5.0]; Personnel Protection [6.0]; and TrainingScenarios [7.01. Many of the tests can be overlapped to maketests more realistic and reduce costs. No priorities areimplied by the listing order of the categories or how the testscan be superimposed. For the immediate future the ship has beententatively divided into test zones and control areas. This ispresented in Appendix C.

1.0 Passive Fze Safety (Fire Hardeifinq)

Passive Fire Safety (Fire Hardening) deals primarily withmaterials currently on board, materials beinq introdu-cd irropresent ships, and materials proposed for ships. it -includes the amounts, geometry and types of ccmbustile andspatial and air control arrangements. The key to th- p,-qramwill be integrating into the tests the ship systems and .-range-ments, thit wit' directly impact fires, surn as vent 1-fion (oralternate air supplies) and geometry, as well as fuel io;,d andcompoition. Categories of passive fire safety incluce workinofluids, low pressure air, paints and coatings, light weiq ht fireinsulation, cermets, composites, paint thickness, outtt r qsand furnishin'i-, clothing, retrofit package development andexterior ?ca Inq:;. These subjects are further described inAppendi"X D.

-I.. Lm.z ,crnz_ SV'tems/Equipment

Fare,; -onnot he totally prevented, and as long as c7hipsmu, "f' in Harm's Way," there will be fires that will se q:ire<ti f r- fiihting efforts. Listed in this section areSc em-% nd I tehnifphes that will decrease the response tme tofiree- jrid thus substantially increase the probability of keepingdomaqe tr. a minimum. This can have a real impact on fleetreadiness in the event of a fire. Categories of Damage ControlSyPtemc/Fqupmen include fine water mist, hull communication-s,WIF<'M, damapne 'ontrcl, central, infrared imager, smoke curtains,

-ioke er.oval, tir- ostectors, helo crash/well deck fuel fire,spr nk r , po t Ha on decontamination, creeper for fire f iqhter11,J !CMke eah . Y-s 1 _;b e-t', are further defined 4n

ATppendx 7).

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In " pa. , t h@ :tu, i te-tn of rma.e Contrcl Proce-,;'F:'*- (rve IV .ltfut I-o conduct -)r fine tune. nforma

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4I

occasion can be quite emotional with limited hard data. Also,in the past doctrines have been developed largely from fires ofthe past. The testing of such doctrines has also been limitedto training centers or dry runs on ships. The EX-SHADWELL willnow permit the evaluation of Procedures and Doctrine integratedin other ship functions with real fires. Currently doctrine istested at fire training schools involving two fire parties invery limited space. With the EX-SHADWELL the doctrine can betested with DC Central, Bridge, DC lockers and fire parties. Inaddition, the ability to maintain vital ship functions can alsobe evaluated during a fire scenario. Not only can the actualfire fighting phase be thoroughly documented, the post firecleanup, gas removal and return to combat readiness can beevaluated. The use of Halon, water or AFFF from initiation ofsystem to post-fire return to normal can be evaluated. Doctrinefor generic spaces can be developed. Attention can be paid tosmoke ingestion and emergency ventilation line-up. The use ofHalon for vital spaces and combat spaces can be evaluated undermulti-threat conditions.

4.0 aseline Burns for Generic Spaces

series of certification or documentation burns forgear is spaces can be conducted. The objective of these generic

,r: , c, is to obtain information on fire behavior of materialcv- r.s in well instrumented fire tests. These data will be

t., upgrade training, develop "safety-grams" from the Safetyt-,- and update ships documentation. With minor modifications

, >-sts can all be performed on the EX-SHADWELL. Spaces for.l include machinery/boiler, pump room, hanqar bay,port, berthing, command/control/communication, galley,

tw;,,e/store room, passageways, oil mist, remote build-up of~ ia gases, fire flooding/CPS zones, modeling, flammable

lockers,, weapons/magazines/weapons elevators, andc1imney/duct fires. These are further described in Appendix D.

e Protectioni/Chemical, Biological Interface

-i na-e control also encompasses setting conditions to limit.Pread of chemical and biological agents. Under enemy

,"n, damage control could very easily involve both fire and" :oi~tive protective systems. Since the EX-SHADWELL will have

-ed three zones of CPS, experiments/tests can be conducted, imulated agent attack and fire. Some of the areas of

interest include detectors/sensors, fire and CPS.ions , s'moke control, compartment tightness, decontami-

S:.,.( interior and exterior), and fire in zone and in next7c. Further information on these subjects can found inAperia P .

U. r 'r:>!o72nle! [rotectiOn,/ Toxi' city

inteqrated with all the test proqrams is Personnel Protec-ti~cn. There is room for improvement in all categories of this

5

V~. V~ V.' V

visibility, communication, protective clothing, and artificialenvironment. Subjects to be addressed in this area includeoxygen breathing apparatus, clothing, communication, raingear,escape and rescue, cooled fire suits, and IR imager. Furtherdescription can be found in Appendix D.

Toxicity of products such as the particulates in smoke andgases and vapors generated in Navy fires is of growing concern,particularly with the increasing use of synthetic materials. Itis a subject that needs better understanding and definition.Further discussion is also found in Appendix D.

7.0 Training Scenarios

Updating training courses is often dependent on actualshipboard fire experience where little instrumentation data areavailable. Making use of hard data and video from EX-SHADWELLtests will be invaluable to the training community. This willallow a full integration of man, equipment and ship systems.By having this level of the testing conducted by fleet person-nel, data can be collected to determine the effectiveness of theequipment and procedures. Training aids can be proposed anddeveloped by closely monitoring the reaction of ship crews tovarious situations. Finally, more realistic simulations fromboth a software and hardware point of view can be developed.

ADMINISTRATION

The EX-SHADWELL is available primarily to the SYSCOMS,LABORATORIES, OPNAV, FLEET and SAFETY Center"for conducting fullscale damage control tests and experiments. Funding for eachtest must be provided by a sponsor. Funds for maintaining theEX-SHADWELL are provided by NAVSEA 05R23 to the Navy TechnologyCenter for Safety and Survivability, Naval Research Laboratory,the custddian for the EX-SHADWELL. Detailed test plans will bedeveloped by the experimenter for implementation by NRL/CoastGuard or by the experimenter directly with consultation fromNRL's EX-SHADWELL Technical Director. Personnel safety andconsideration for safety must be considered at all time. TheNAVSEA test bed sponsor is Mr. Carl Pohler, SEA 05R23 who willresolve priority differences when such problems arise. Examplesof test plans for both passive and active firefighting areprovided in Appendix E.

Test plans must be complete, materials must be on hand andmonies resolved before a test program can begin.

6

APPENDIX A

JOINT RESEARCH AGREEMENT

7

US. Departmeno Commandant Washington DC 20593

of lafoS l i United Stales Coast Gua(d Stall Symbol C-DMT-3/54

United States Phone (202) 426-1023

Coast Guard

3308.8/0673U

2 3 SEP 1985From: CommandantTo: Commander, Naval Sea Systems Conunand

Subj: UNITED STATES COAST GUARD/UNITED STATES NAVY JOINT RESEARCH

AGREEMENT - MARINE FIRE HAZARD RESEARCH

Ref: (a) COMNAVSEA ltr 9930 Ser: 55X2/257 15 Aug 85

1. Enclosed is a signed original of the subject agreement. The cooperative

efferts toward establishment of this agreement were commendable.

2. We look forward to the accomplishment of the objectives of the agreeinent,and an increase of Coast Guard participation in the Navy Passive Fire Safety

program.

R. M- POLANTActing Chicf, Office of P2scrch anl Oevelopnme-t

4

Elncl: (i) UNITED STATES COAST GUARD/UNITED STATES NAVY JOINT RESEARCIH

AGREEMENT - Marine Fire Hazard Research, 17 SepLember 1985

%%

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UNITED STATES COAST GUARD/UNITED STATES NAVY

JOINT RESEARCH AGREEMENT

Marine Fire Hazard Research

1. Authority

This Joint Research Agreement (JRA) is entered into as a Memorandum ofUnderstanding between the United States Coast Guard (USCG) and theUnited States Navy (USN) concerning cooperation in Research,Development, Testing and Evaluation (RDT?,E) of shipboard fireprotection.

2. Overall Objective

The overall objective of the IRA is to increase the effectiveness of th,-USCO' and the UN research programs in fire protection through expansion,f the 0200 fire and Safety Test Detachment (F&STD) in Mobile, Alabama,a.nd to include joint research projects, information exchange, andprogram coordination in the use of this facility.

3. 'ethods of Cooperation

3.1 General: The following methods of cooperation will be utilizedunder this JRA:

3.1a The USN will supplement the F&STD facility at Little SandIsland, Mobile, Alabama by incorporating a retired surface combatantas a third test ship next to the existing ships. The USN will beresponsible for site preparation, including dredging in order toprovide berthing for the USN ship. The USN test ship will beassigned to the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL). The environmentalipact statement currently in effect for the USCG test ships will beamended by the USN to include the USN test ship.

-.1b The U]RIN will have primary cognizance over its own ship inplanning and performing tests, but will closely coordinate alltesting with the USCG Research and Development Center, Groton,Connecticut. The overall F&TTD complex will be under the control of

the US20.

3.lc Roth parties will exchange operational and assessment data andparticipate in the definitional phase of experimental facilitypl annini,.

3.ld hoth partic!; will exchange reports embodying significantre:;irch reIt, t~t:f'rom their activities suhject to restrictions ondi ;.rci hu (m of proprietary or other s;ensitive data. No classified,data will 1e handled at the s3ite.

, .'.ar--r: from '-oth f-ncie, wi 11 participatc in workshops

,,nf.rnQ; v the '200 Ir the 11'N t) auidress; .specifie, mrinet'r; 4,/;rei *'t,2n t:'he) . rov,,do a mc hnim r th.% " I . rm; I n'X'' . fl 71-1 tm -i O'•

3.1f Both parties will cooperate in studies to evaluate thebenefits and cost of potential applications for marine fire

protection research.

3.lg Researchers from both agencies will be invited to inspect

experimental test facilities and to witness and/or participate in

tests related to marine fire protection.

3.1h Both parties will exchange any developed software packages forstudying the performance and operation of fire protection devices or

methods.

4. Project Officers

4.1 Designation:

FOR U.S. NAVY

Primary Project Officer: Technical Project Officer:

Director, Fire Protection Head, Combustion SectionDivision Naval Research Laboratory

Naval Sea Systems Command Washington, D. C.

Washington, D. C.

FOR U.S. COAST GUARD

Primary Project Officer: Technical Project Officer:

Chief, Marine Technology Chief, Marine Fire ResearchDivision, Office of Branch, USCG Research andResearch and Development Development Center

Washington, D. C. Groton, CT

4.2 Responsibilities - The Primary Project Officers will be responsible

for general administration and informing their respective agencies of

accomplishments and the overall effectiveness of this JRA. The

Technical Project Officers will be responsible for achievement of

objectives of this JRA and will be the principal point of interface

between the parties. An on-scene test director, for each test series,will be designated by letter from the USCG Technical Project Officer and

so specified in each test plan.

4.3 Coordination Meetings - Coordination meetings will be held at least

annually to familiarize the Primary Project Officers with the status of

activities. The meetings will be held alternately at NRL and R&DC.

4.4 Reporting - The Technical Project Officers will prepare a joint

annual report to the Chief, Office of Research and Development;Commander, Naval Sea Systems Command; and the Chief of Naval Research

reporting the results of meetings and progress achieved.

10

5. Financial Arrangements

5.1 The USOG will charge to the USN the full cost for use by the USN ofthe F&STD including, but not limited to the use of USCG test ships, USCGpersonnel or USCG equipment and associated facilities except asindicated in paragraph 5.3.

5.2 The USN will charge to the USCG the full cost for use by the USCGof the USN test ship, USN personnel or USN equipment except as indicatedin 5.3.

5.3 For test projects of mutual benefit to the USCG and the USN, costsharing will be proportioned to each in en amount equal to the benefitreceived as agreed to in advance. Either party has the option towithdraw from a project if funds are not available, provided thaton-going task sharing or cost sharing projects will be completed inaccordance with original terms and schedules.

5.4 Funds shall be transferred sufficiently in advance of testing topermit the timely purchase of all supplies and materials necessary toconduct the tests.

6. Disclosure of Information

Both parties will make clear to all manufacturers cooperating with anyspecific agenda item that all information provided at the reviewmeetings will become publicly available, except to the extent thateither party requests that the information not be made available to thepublic; and to the extent that withholdiing such information isconsistent with public law.

7. Liability

7.1 Facilities - Te&ts plans will be mutually agreed to for the safety

of personnel and equipment. The on-scene test director will conduct alltesfs and may terminate any test for technical reasons. A safqtiobserver will be assigned by the supervisor of F&STD for each testseries. The safety observer may terminate any test for significantsafety reasons. NRL through the USN Technical Project Officer will beresponsible for the USN test ship and ancillary equipment except whereoverall safety of the general facility is concerned. Any placement orremoval of equipment on the USN ship must have prior approval of NRL, inaddition to approval of the supervisor of F&STD. The overall safety ofthe F&STD facility resides with the USG.

7.2 Technical Data - The parties will make a best effort to ensure theaccuracy of all data, but the accuracy of such data is not guranteed.Fach party will use the other's data at its own risk and may not holdthe other party responsible in the event of claims arising out of theuse of said data.

7.3 Navy Ship Disposition - It is anticipated that after ten years, use

of the USK ship as a test platform will end. In the event thatdisposition includes removal from the berthing site as described inparagraph 3.1a, said removal will be at no cost to the USCG. Anymonies derived from disposition of the USN ship will be under thecognizance of the Chief -f Naval Operations.

, :_ ", % ' "= ,: :",J : ' -, - ,- .,$.. -.. .. .- .-. .. . . . .- .. - . --.. - -. - .. ... . . - .. , . . ,., ,.,,

6r =W WW WW " U WW Q ur T WP VWWW WVW W W " AW f N -Im" W8. -Duration of Agreement

ihis avreement shall enter into force upon signature and remain~ in force

until terminated by either party upon written notification, provided

that on-going task sharing or cost sharing will be completed in

accordaince with thei r original agreed terms and schedules.

9. Am!tidient s

This JRA nay be amended at any time by mutual agreement in writing.

AGREED:

FOR THE UNITED STATES NAVY

RADM M. V. RICKETTS R4q% J. B. MOON EY, JR.

Deputy Commander Cfiiief of Naval Research

For Ship Design and

EngineeringNaval Sea Systems Command

Date- 2fr' & 4 -f/ hfr Date___________

FOR THE UNITED STATES COAST GUARD

COMO If. B. THORSEN, Chief

Office of Research and Development

D ate / %- ,f

12

%I. I' .

APPENDIX B

EX-SHADWELL's ISOMETRIC DRAWINGS

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02 Level

03 Level

04 Level

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APPENDIX C

EX-SHADWELL's INITIAL TEST ZONE

.17

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[]UNLIMITED TESTING

D TESTING WITHOUT FIRES

[ LABORATORY CONTROL SPACES

04 Level

-] UNLIMITED TESTING

F- TESTING WITHOUT FIRES

] LABORATORY CONTROL SPACES

U

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18

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D.- UNLIMITED TESTING 0 eef=7U TESTING WITHOUT FIRES

SLABORATORY CONTROL SPACES

SUNLIMITED TE-STING

DTESTING WITHOUT FIRESLABORATORY CONTROL SPACES

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A-

APPENDIX D

EX-SHADWELL's TEST OPPORTUNITIES

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CONTENTS

Section Page

1.0 Passive Fire Safety (Fire Hardening) .. .................... 1

1.1 Workinq Fluids I.....................................11.2 Low Pressure Air .. ...................................1.3 Paints and Coatings ................................ I

.Insulation . ...................... 11.5 terrmets ............................................ 21.7 Paintp ?h res .......................................... 2

1.8 n',tfittnas and Furnishinos ...........................9 (lot hi1no..............................................

1 0 P eto:r t c Pf j t Development .......................1 Ext t e. rr nC............ ......................

* 2~.0 Dam-ae Cnnt oK Sy,:rens/Eauipment................

S7e Su y e, ,- u , -m s e . . f ......................4 o~; l -ta . ................................... .4,

.r.je ]: t ir -. . . . .. ....... ..................

.4 t7-... ... ......................................

k ; ........................................................ .r t t --.. .... ... .. ... ..................................... 5

H ? 'i , .F el Fire . ..................... 5. . r r ...................... ........................................ r .

-, ,s Vetjntamination.........................K > 2 :. e, -

, . r e Fiqhfer ..........................

I~ r . ... r m ...... .'q ' , P o e <r D r T r : ....................

4.? . '.r 0Th'" 5 Generic Spac s .... .................. .....

F...........................1 H i l l : i : , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .o

H . ..... . i .c...............................• . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

".~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~I M I. I + ' ,••,,,• . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,

.- . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-- • - . . . . .- .z . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . '

. . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . .• • • , • • • • .. . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . .

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......................................•~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~. .;e - .- , '. .-" ' ." .."-.< . .- "-.. . .- ." '. ". --- - ., L . . . . . .'... .. ". -. . .. " ".' "v -

CONTENTS (continued)

Section Page

5.0 Fire Protection/Chemical, Biological Interface .......... 8

5.1 Detectors/Sensors .................................. 85.2 Fire and CPS Interaction ........................... 95.3 Smoke Control . ...................................... 95.4 Compartment Tightness .............................. 95.5 Decontamination Exterior and Interior .............. 95.6 Fire in Zone and in Next Zone ...................... 9

6.0 Personnel Protection .................................... 1010

6.1 oxygen Breathing Apparatus (OBA) ................... 106.2 Clothing . ........................................... 106.3 Communication . ...................................... 106.4 Raingear . ........................................... 106.5 Escape and Rescue .................................. 106.6 Cooled Fire Suits .................................. 106.7 IR Imager . .......................................... 116.8 Toxicity .. .......................................... 11

7.0 Training Scenarios ...................................... 11

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1. 0 PaFie 2r 2--t' ia !r- I

.1WorkIng Fluids

fire threat 3.he ilp -t 2mlC-1@ ttthey tcike on 'te2artr h I II. ' iFditf onan

relu, , f rci m 'F, t1 1 k. , i sa p'- re- i ~ h' a-) inhydr*' 1 . . . .

.. e' I ' -t--~<L/tm

re 3 f 'U I I r:> -h t- D",-,f I

1. T r F l i'

Low 1Presh;ure A ir

im f-I v Kr,0

* ' 2 U:L - -h( f~~r- n V i-I2~~ ~ ~~~~ ~~~~ I Ta' .. C h'' *,1'ij

Pa 73 n>~ tt; a nn;2Coatye>

im qh 1 r'y i' m qh 2 !;uIat o

r .Ar jt' 1 j'

I r I ,~ 3

F V 3 26

levels in the ship as well as for superstructures. New insu-lations, such as open cell polyimide and glueable fiber glass,can be evaulated under full scale.

1.5 Cermets

A promising techni 'que developed from the 6.2 R&D programuses a high temperature spray process to put a ceramic/metalcoating oni substrates.- such as aluminum. The fire hardeningcharacteristics impairtedrf by this coating makes it attractive foruse on aluminum super I' -1c tres. Although cermets shown consid-erable fire r-adioIn c he laboratory they have not beenevaluated under l :7, cale.

1.6 composites

Composites; curr'ently have widlespread application J.4naircraft andl are attra-)cti'-e due to their light weight and highstrength features. 'The nost popular form in the Navy is thegraphite filament with epo :Kv resin. The push for composites use

on sbmaine ha ben fr weiqbt savings and should ha1ve wide-spread app] trat ion o)n -surface ships. Since the resins areorganic, they --an add tc the fuel. load. Also, in a fire, some

* of termoe r ecrclycdctn. Their propos-edj structural an I, Load t,,e'jri4n, a p pIcations makes full ;cale fire

t tstnq P xte me"v iirfcsint. In addition, very little is. kInownof the fire and':Lcioia characteri stics; of compos fite.

I.'/ Paint Thickness

Thin oo .of ra .%ave a degree of fire hardening onmetal tib ~ le to3 heat adso(-rption, as opposed to. inon-metals u1,st~ i- eu ncns of the paint builds.: over the yearsn]u cn te h fac-,;to-r is lost. In fact, at some point thepa int can he _-j., eced as a layer of fuel over the metals.urfatie an'! contribute siqoificantly to fire spread. This

* cat lo on not been quantitated satisfactorily in terms ofthi: o- i P11111- vpe. Fu'll scale tests could yield iota on

when fpr in' ri be st r ipr.ed, especially when anticipitatingacrt 4-on .

1.8 Outfittinqs and Furnishings

Ai Thouc-h i tems un ler catr son v sho~uld he contls 1 ledwith c i a inmt no co-Jts some'time- take prcedence.The fire mptfoi- tacIr o mter ii aIs Js, not well

chaactri ed.Tp omprtmnt('onflq,,r-itioii5 folr me-ssinq,ber-thing a nd h(t- ftc- iwan eealu, at ed under fi: ' I. scalewhere geometry and ventlil Io pro o ke roe. The impact ofthe use of nonre)r~in material ;Fs specification materialcan be) evaluaited toc informative fraininq. The d~ata can also beuseful for tiahterjns ctfiatio

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1.9 Clothing

Both issue and non--issue clothing are carried and usedaboard ships. The storage and wearing of such clothing can havea direct impact on ship readiness when fires break out underhostile action. Smoke, fire spread and toxicity are key issueswith every day clothing as well as special clothing for firefightinq and chemical defense. These issues should be evaluatedunder full scale so impact can be assessed and recommendationsmade +a increase fleet readiness.

i.10 Retrofit Package Development

in some instances the solutions from the R&D community tothe Sy:stems Commands do not reach the users because there is alar'k cf complete documentation for implementation into the fleet

hrdare and software. Proposed new damage control equipment,mateais and software can first be installed on the EX-SHADWELLto -re a ship alteration parkage is complete and has thedarnrmo rontrol aspects desired.

1 _Exterior Coatings

'Tq fire vulnerability of 1Iqhtweiqht armor and coatingswh !" :].r.. ea a ship' setectaLity should be evaluated f ful

0r] V tore ,mp ementaI ion into the fleet. Small scale*. rsts wil noo mred ict the impact of full scale

Snt. .. .Te.t n of i' h na gs and arn'or under full-. . I] deter in~e rp vuinerabilit' to fire.

Fine Water Mist

_y, rh fins w:te: mit :;'.te m is a fixed sup-, - :"' m. , -........ ' ad.',an ,t qe f the h at- -apacity of

*.." ,l -e ' r h e -ire he or ,-- ant in ain optimal- - " r f: e l ye:' , m] l imu.m SiO, ount of

, .- "wtEs . -, it; ,deie C OIS side effect-.. I d :.,J In i- , I I- f I F e IOT e 1 submarine

n . -1 de t th' urfafce fleet. Vir,::' ' .... .) ,. . . .1 r , -', :p 4 . pv-,, , r-,-- . .. wth w itteO m ist ,uin he-

.-.. th g' SHADWEL,. Based on data:-,.. -' , r :' ,. v mc... .. .r:tm r ,C,)! b e ,]evc .l..r'e,- .. foi-F, Iho--ha I t7

Hull Communications

c ' ft , .. .. hi '':: -; uctur .v<; a ccmmunicavion mediumr : : - i : .r.. i -' , lmo;t nn r,-d -' ru bti -,e l in k

* e ,,e :' '. .) ( 'ent. a 1 , dimqe :-untrr4 1,u-,ker, and fir-e

a.:,I 7 , in be! i!t) IK ln, t'. -, an the EX SHADWETI,. This

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would allow the testing of the systems hardware and softwareunder actual fire/fire fighting conditions with other equipmentand ship systems operating.

2.3 WIFCOM

Although wire free communication already has some limitedexperience in the fleet, this experience can be increasedmarkedly by incorporating WIECOM in the fire fighting testsconducted on the EX-SHADWELL. The data gained in its uses andlimitations would be helpful in training and improvementprograms.

2.4 Damage Control- Central

An automated damage control central with the integrated useof mini-computers, WIFCOM, HULL COM can automate damage controlto the extent that technology in Central will come abre-ast ofthe 20th century. As systems and software developments3 occur,they can he evaluated on the EX-SHADWELL with other firefighting/damage control tests. Doctrine, training and othiertechnical data dleveloped .-an be utilized to improve fleetreadiness. nfraonha:ndlinq and assessmentwihsbeunrecomnmendlat ion in short per iods of t ine are an emerginci rf la-nce.Taking advantage of this opportunity at cri-tical time,,; onshipbo-ard is extremely timely.

2.5 Infrared Imager

A' though tl :'R ima-er being procured forc ~ nt

v ery l ittlIe -- Il fti e data are a vailIable on it.opportunit~e': vtt~aricus, tests onteI- SAxF h

ma m~h2 ' 1 Trip data on the imager c-an 1) Ic-umentedancolo p I rl i- iup- c codJes in NAVSEA, tra in ina nuiand S~tet f tr irnprnved use of the system.

Smoke Curtains

Kurt:3r>?t Li ~aro envi-srooed: fixed and athePcta I le ru ste In .'. e o door'sl ha-tches and rsh-ways fnr ljsc Lrn CCon jurn. n with fire fi shsi nq efforts : mcI-'

% d ec mc Ini. t i>d ~ n canP b- deployed as- neededJ -.- wh~eng en eral a I r c' to minP.ta1in ml-a ins s mo0ke hbou Ind i ie

reut sr b Y77bU<Ppsca. fe Aitial t*cthesmk urnc .ncn :;n w ith' ot h er ra f z

4.! 2.7 Smoke Removal

I f Pc -I C~ C, () Lw *T_;a I ic lIb acolseby4ven t ilation 11 inF-p. ?w'iwt.-:1 not ocmxi. ie , por<The

hlower, aloni wih nK ut i acmb used to optimi cc smoke

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removal, including post fire cleanup procedures. Ventilation-lineup using supply and exhaust for desmoking can be optimizedso guidelines can be developed to desmoke in minimum time.

2.8 Fire Detectors

Specifications for a shipboard fire detection system arenearing comple-ion. At least one or more zones of detectors canbe installed on the EX-SHADWELL as this will give the Navy anopportunity to evaluate the systems under actual shipboard firesituations. Problems that may arise in the fleet can then beduplicated and solved quickly. Additionally, background datacollected on the detectors in conjunction with other fire testdata will allow another improved generation of detectors to bedeveloped.

2.9 Helo Crash/Well Deck Fuel Fire

if shipboard testing is necessary after the large scaleland tests at China Lake, the EX-SHADWELL has a helo pad andwell deck available which makes the simulation of this event

• "possible. Doctrine covering rapid response with various firefighting techniques and specifications for fixed systems can bedeveloped.

-.10 Sprinkler

Except in high risk areas, such as weapons magazines andhangar-bays, the Navy uses very few sprinkler systems on itsships. On larger ships it may be appropriate to sprinkle majorrableways, large store rooms or other selected spaces. Vitalspa-e perimeter sprinkling may also be an option worth evalu-atin- in a shipboard environment. Full scale evaluation candetermine the practicality and aid in developing specifications.The possibility of mixing halon with water sprinklers forseleci-d spaces can be evaluated on full scale.

-. 11 Post Halon Decontamination

The use of halon results in production of acid gases. Alsoproduced in some cases is a teflon-like coating, which reduceselectrical conductivity and can trap acids making decontamina-tion difficult. Methods of decontamination and post tirecleaniup need to be addressed. Full scale testing can be usefulin de termining the practicality of developed methods.

2.]2 Creeper for Fire Fighter

The cable fire fighting tests have shown that spraying withwater ahead of a fire party may not be the best fire fightingtechnique if bulkheads and upper layer air temperatures in thepassageways are high. Under these circumstances the waterprotect-ion tends to flash to steam, creating an additionalhazard. Since entry by duck walk or crawlinq may be a better

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option, a lightweight creeper device would be of benefit for theadvance fire party. This can be incorporated into a fire fiqhtingtest as a piggyback experiment.

2.13 Smoke Eater

The incorporation of collective protect ion system.n; in,ships will complicate smoke removal. Self-contaIner,:eremoval devices, as opposed to use of ship's vertifa i, , rrtv Lenecessary. Catalytic/filtration system can be eval-rn'-A fl.olscale to determine their practicality.

3.0 darnaqe Control Procedures/Doctrine

No further breakdown at this time.

4.0 Baseline Burn. for Generic £pacesI.

4.1 Machinery/Boiler Space

Mahinery/Boiler pare on th EX--SHADWEI, re ,, heport and starboard side. The port -- d hro , been Jes v , thot burn ride and t-he .d r n. .s moke side for t he rnW >4 F phte .e l 9.. > .involves three deck. wi th c-, pup.,leA met.I de Creached through veritial lhaf r ,iin own t .fire fiqhtinQ te: : , ddi ic, nol doi Iit-(--! the Welt ,-, ' , (dbe instal fo" I . ,f f .Space ft' f .4lo-r"";I. nA IIhe cer ifi _'- t n 1,.,--, 4

4.'- Hangar Bay b

The F.' 2HAr t'. .t . n,-- , :i er.* Iv ri .,- h:the we " r. • ... . -, "q is - . . . . .door ,rar. 1>- i ,: a .i n rh : .2 .- ." V': . : ' m ,i : : :. "T -

are plinn,, f-'r- h . F! -HXfWF~ ,. ,- P ,, - ' -

and p ,:-. F y t~w'Q, -1. S'r ti i,'-lI,1-. : v ft y 'z;:"

4.1 lielo-Port.

rI 11[ E F>' B 1f'n -) [ :l ' t ] . .Txl ' !i, " , F R X ] t' l] . .. . ,' . , ' ,. : .. , [' t

fuel pi1 on nh he-o, wi W , ft- . " "-*

w .l -n t- i n ';_ - ; ' I ' ' I t -1

a f - t fr .f. 1•, -' .'*

4 4 Berthing

The F>' .HA] L..N .I . oi7 ',, V., , :, V 1'i I ., . .

sh ip- force iei hJri O ,: , .:.:'c *.. . ". ; iThe racks,, and Il '< ire kn i, 1'- n ..berthinq s e-, f t

.3

31 ''

* . , . . . . . . . . . . . ... .s- ~ * ;~. . .. ' . . . . . .. , ....-.- .< -.. , ..-,-'

,~ -~ -\ -,~ ~ ~r~7P " ~ixr-~~ ..m ~ ~ - i-w-. - v w~ u-V'IR--w W. '*WV u-V.. * - W-L7 WVT WV9( i- ~~- - - - u~r j j...

4.5 Command/Control/Communicat ion

These spaces are in the superstructure and would best bebenefited by studying the effects of smoke and protection ofvital spaces. In inteqrated tests these spaces could be mannedfor realistic communication simulation.

4.6 Galley

The EX-SHADWELL is equipped with a galley capable ofpreparing fcod for the whole ship. It has diverse equipmentstill on board and almost any kind of galley fire can besimulated. Two fires proposed are Class B in the deep fat fryerand Class C in ovens or stoves.

4.7 Stowage/Store Rooms

Trnere are numerous store rooms below deck for fire tests.Some are entered through hatches and some are loca -ted offpacssagteways. For fire fiqhtinq tes ts both methods of entrance

C~f Vsemployed.

4.' Passageways

P agwayswith cabeundles in the overhe-ad can be foundon-- cond level. There ajre also( thwart7-hip passaaewaiys i n

thne Jerstructure. Cer-tificution burns can ;em-ploy all theseAt

4. Oil Mist

* -. 1mist f -~ an be cataFtrorhic ( BENflIW(TON, 1954).f fl 4~ I-rs can h'e srn ae1in many are a.:

aY --, hip. Ipta> nycnb rae n the por wing

,ARemote Buildup of Combustible Gases

7pbe oci for " almost, anywher-e -sn the ship, bu t* 1an~7wel 1- 1 xplo--ions . The conc,-ern is that

rT -)rme f ire -- uld -oillect in rn are remot1t iw r ie ,r-.x w i th fi-esh air and crerate a hiqbhly explc,5ive

F~ Froc -cl -e-ks qene raIIy buirn very fuel-, ric h with(Ant of>airit se- being created aindrleedV I -.m sot-hat flammablre vapcr; :-an be qen ra ed

-o S d~n -1 o r:- i n a va r iety o f s par and1hs I r b)e h avo 1-M o ni tor:ed- a nd stud 1ICOj

Fire/Floodinq/CPS Zones

FX1 SH A ' WF. 71 ira o r will haEtve al three t y pe of nsi t I c- : rntide~ation s;hould be qiven to smoke _ zones.

a~ p- a e ccondi.'-ted with and without atctfive

tti an' ntrol fire, smolkr a-nd flooding.

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With diverse instrumentation a large data base can be collectedfor the first time for multi-level multi-compartment involve-ment. Valuable information can be collected on personnelprotection items and smoke curtains for incorporation intotraining and future design.

4.12 Modeling

Commensurate with the experimental program involvinq theEX-SHADWELL will be a modeling program. It is recoqnized thatfull scale testing for each scenario may not always be possible,especially a number of years from now. Therefore, a modelingprogram in conjunction with the experimental program is vitallyimportant. Each major test can have the involvement of themodeling program. If the modeler is involved in test planning,it insures that data necessary for the modeling effort will beacquired in the major tests. This must be a give-and-takeeffort.

4.13 Flammable Liquid Locker

There are two flammable liquid lockers on the EX ,SHALWELLwhich are equipped with fixed CO2 systems. Halco with Il]l or1301 can also be tested as suppressants for these loK"er.-.Electrical cable penetration into such spaces have been viewedas creating weak links in multi-cable transits in tho event of arapid combustion process and overpressures. One of the fI*Tm-mable liquid lockers can be used to determine the "exl.estonproofing" required for these spaces.

4.14 Weapons/Magazines/Weapons Elevators

These ;paces aLe available on the EXY- ZHAWE... .vulnerability of these spaces to fir-es in adjarent c I tmer~tscan be evaiuted. Fixed suppression systems and det,sytems within the spaces can be eialuited. inst run weapons r ioLuaticns can be placed mn the ron.a, nw-nt

4.11 Chimney/Duct Fires

.ul ] ip of q i ,:] -ens _e 3 dn duss in "In .... i ,A , , f'4- ,-r fire stread piorlerr. The exte t %,f 'hi 1n - -:a. d

* uIn be e'ili d

5~ r. Fie r ,o -,- i- ',e- .,.Rj~o ,& .'

).I Detectors/Sensors

SFire detectors and CW/BW s-,ensnr,. wil& ,o w t.-,The intera,-tion cf the two concepts w- - h

* ; -,hip systems should be anticipated. +t : ,- n .7',V nthe ('PS, ,eecf ors, simulated attack. ; , fian ,' 1- 1vin full -(ale. Data collected can ,IeoonhO r Ve fh- Tt- :

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of the systems. Today's commercial fire detectors tend to falsealarm. In fact, false alarm is a tradeoff with sensitivity ofthe detector - the more sensitive you make the detector the morefalse alarms. This test program can allow for optimization ofthe detectors and sensors. Sensors should also be coupled withDamage Control Central and Communications studies.

5.2 Fire and CPS Interaction

The effect of fire on CPS will tax the ventilation fans,require by-pass filters and fan reversibility for desmoking.Under actual combat conditions, both fire and CBW can beexpected and must be prepared for in training. Data collectedunder the dual threat could result in the development oftraining situations and improvement of design. This testproqram could also resu't in redesign and design for retrofit of

CPS ... ;ems._ Testina with the dual threatwil allow the air quality throughout the ship to be evaluated.c~s e~q veticl fow ystms) Tetin whp th e dualutatd

Smoke Control

Sem i;C:] ; ocie, with smoke qeneratiion and motion inan PS ys n- need defirition. Control and removal

.e in sinn be studiei e4 er independently o-r) p, ::n to with rther on-going tests.

4 Compartment Tightness

,part 7rrt )9Qt F- <. wi I he 'key t flonding, -moke spread, .. .... y. Cu,o hnw imprtant compartment

, .. i ne:, i: not known (leak rate) With-re tor ,an be developed.

Decontamination Exterior and Interior

-z ---i :an b,, e onducted to determine-" -- ', tehn iuaes. The effect of breach

.n he eed. The rate of deconta-;- n ]irt for traininq can be

- , p 'eter-mine their effec1tiveness.

Fire in Zone and in Next Zone

- r_. to, ,!.., .1 j' ' with i n z'. ne n, i n ad aceno f t e : ',. ,'1.,:' :, of ,',er-rrErure from the fire.

La r o i: ",r L r J'j' r Y' : e in monit.or ni -PS andthus ovoral " ,S , * -, ir' .'. a 1in intenrated t:,t icvolv ngsr -,ke re~mo~v c-,' c. [;3. 4

34

I4 ' '''"'''' " -- '" '".2' "'/ < -v .- -- .- '.'.'...-... .. .. ' - -v ' ' ' -.. - v , .,, .. , '-',"-"

6.0 Personnel Protection/Toxicity

6.1 Oxygen Breathing Apparatus (OBA)

In almost every major shipboard fire, a problem arises withthe OBA whether it be a sealing problem or lifetime of thecanister. If these problems are real, it will require hardwaremodification, or if perceived, will require change in training.Fully integrated fire fighting tests can be conducted todetermine realistic limitations of the OBA. Improvements in theOBA can also be evaluated.

6.2 Clothing

Advanced protective clothing for the fire fighter is notcurrently available in the fleet. A program is underway tointroduce special suits in the fleet. These can be integratedwith other tests to determine if the proposed clothing should bemodified for shipboard use.

6.3 Communication

Communication remains a problem throughout the entire linkfrom scene leader to nozzle man, back to the repair locker andDC central. Systems such as WIFCOM, touch signals and HULL COMcan be evaluated for various fire situations. Recommendationsfor training, improvement and integration with other equipmentcan be made.

6.4 Raingear

Cable fire fightinq tests showed that raingear was strategicto rapid extinguishment of cable fires. Steam created in thefire fighting was debilitating without the raingear. Furtherevaluation of raingear for other types of fires can be made.

6.5 Escape and Rescue

This important facet of damage control has not beenemphasized in any test program for optimization. Egress beaconsand reflective tapes have been developed or partially developed.Testing under realistic conditions has not been accomplished. Atest proqram with generic tests can be developed and evaluated.The same can be applied to guidance systems using sounl.

6.6 Cooled Fire Suits

The need for this type of suit and its application can bedeveloped during generic fire tests. Given the need, criteriafor use and suit development will follow. Realistic testing ofthe hardware can be accomplished along with specifications andtraining.

35 1~¢

6.7 IR Imager

This is currently being procured for the fleet. Its use infire fighting tests will greatly expand our data base in its use.This information can be incorporated into training and shipboarddocumentation.

6.8 Toxicity

Sophisticated instrumentation is being incorporated intoEX-SHADWELL for real time measurement of fire behavior.Included will be chemical analysis capability to indentify andmeasure particulates and gases and vapors either in real time orby grab samples for later analysis. These data can then becorrelated with known toxicological data to give a realisticassessment of hazard to unprotected personnel. Such dataacquisition can be coupled with a large variety of other tests,but particularly those involving new synthetic and other novelmaterials. The impact of burning conditions (e.g. oxygendeprivation) on fire products formed, and their potentialtoxicity can also be evaluated.

7.0 ?-inn Scenarios

No further breakdown of this category at this time.

3.

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iei

•- . - .. . , .,-.. .-. o°... . o. 4<. ;.<. ... .- -. , .. ... ... .. ...- ..- -..

APPENDIX E

TYPICAL ACTIVE AND PASSIVE TEST PLANS

* 37

. .5.. . .-

OUTLINE OF NAVY CABLE FIRE TEST SERIES

Tasks Number Testof Tests Number

Task I. ESTABLISH CONDITIONS(Pan fire size) 3 tests NT(WI), NT(W2), NT(W3)

Equipment Checkout(gas analyzers, Tempsensors, heat flux meters,gas samplers, smokesensors)

Task 11. Determine Reproducibility 3 tests NT(W4), NT(W5), NT(W6)of Test Method

Task ITI. NAVY CABLE TEST 5 tests NT(W), NT(W9), NT(W1l)NT(W13), NT(WLS)

Background Test 5 tests NT(W8), NT(W1O), NT(W12)NT(W14), NT(W16)

Task IV. Navy Cable Protection

Tests 3 tests NT(W17), NT(W19), NT(W21)

Background Test 3 tests NT(W18), NT(W20), NT(W22)

Task V. Navy Radio Frequency (RF) 3 tests NT(W23), NT(W25), NT(W27)

Cable Tests

Background Test 3 tests NT(W24), NT(w26), NT(W28)

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I. Establish Operating Conditions

Test Wl - (1.1) Compartments configured (Al bulkheads and Steelbulkheads overhead and deck) no cables (2'x2' heptanepan, 4 gallons)

(1.2) Instrumentation - All

(1.3) Video and photographs

(1.4) Data Reduction - On site

1. Temperatures in compartmentsIndividualAverage

2. Temperatures in corridor3. Average temperature in room of fire origin4. Radiometers - individual plots5. Load cell for the pan

6. CO, 02, CO2 - individual plots7. Gas bottles - THA on site Anal.

Test W2 - (2.1) Compartments configured (Al bulkhead and Steelbulkheads overhead and deck) no cables (3'x3' heptanepan, 8 gallons)

(2.2) Instrumentation - All

(2.3) Video and photographs

(2.4) Date Reduction - On site

I1.

2.3. Same as Test I4.5.6.

Test W3 - (3.1) Compartments configured (Al bulkhead and Steelbulkheads overhead and deck) no cables (4'x4' heptanepan, 10 gallons)

(3.2) Instrumentation - All

(3.3) Video and photographs

(3.4) Data reduction - on site - same as for Test W1 and

Test W2

39

% '

11. Establish reproducibility of test method - No cables

Test W4 -(4.1) Nb cable (pan size to be selected)

(4.2) Instrumentation - All

(4.3) Video and photographs

(4.4) Data Reduction - On site

1. Temperature in compartments

Individual

Average

2. Temperature in corridor

3. Optical density in corridor

4. Radiometer - individual plots

5. Fire pan load cell

6. All continuous gas analysis on individual plots

7. Gas bottles - THA on site Anal.

Test W5 - Same as Test W4

Test W6 - Same as Test W4

Ill. Navy Cable Test Series

Test W7 - (5.1) Cables (MIT. 915F-Preampnd 2) in place

(5).2) Instrumentation - all channels

(5. 3) Video and photographs - before, during, after

(4) Dat~j rtediution -On site

Same as Test. W4 with addition of

tomperatures in cable bundle

R.4ckgroxind Test

T.ost W8 - Same 4s Ttest W-1

Tes. -W9 - Cah I Ps (M I L-C- 91 5F) i n plIa re

Al I other j)arqametPTer th- sameo as Test W7

Baickground Tt-st

Test. WIC) - Same ;3,s Tenr W4

Test W1 I - ( 7.1 ) (:ablf (Il,-C:-X\Xxx & MTI.-C-91 SF) in place

Bacgrond est Al I )t hor parainet e-rs the game as Test W7I

Test W12 -Same an Test W4

40P1

L . .. . . - .

Test W13 - (8.1) Cables (MIL-915E-Amend 2) in place.

All other parameters the same as Test W7

Background Test

Test W14 - Same as Test W4

Test W15 - (9.1) All cables above I(MIL-915E-Amend 1),

(MIL-915E-Amend 2). (MIL-C-915F), and MIL-915-XXXX,MIL-C-17)1 rin place.

All other parameters the same as Test W7.

Background Test

Test W16 - Same as Test W4

IV. Navy Cable Protection Test Series

Test W17 - (10.1) Cables (MIL 915E-Amend 1) in place.

All other parameters the same as Test W7

Background Test

Test W18 - Same as Test W4

Test W19 - (11.1) Cables (MTL-C-915E-Amend 1) in place and protecredwith substrate #1 (to he selected).

All other parameters the same as Test W7

Background Test

Test W20 - Same as Test W4

Test W21 - (12. ) Cables (MIL-C-915E-Amend 1) In place and protected

with substrate #2 (to be selected).

All other parameters the same as Test W7

B.ickrmind Test

Test W212 - Same as Ttst- W4

V. N;ivv RF Cablt" Test S;ries

Tost W23 - (13.]) R.F. C;ables (MIT.-C-l7) and Power- Cables(MIL.-C-0915F) in place.

All other parameters the same as Test W7

Background Test

Test W24 - Same as Test W4

41

_'.

Test W25 - (14.1) R.F. Cables (MIL-C-17) with improved jacket and PowerCables (MIL-C-915F) in place.All other parameters the same as Test W7

Background Test

Test W26 - Same as Test W4

Test W27 - (15.1) RF Cables with teflon insulation and florinated jacketand Power Cables (NIL-C-915F) in place.All other parameters the same as Test W4

Background Test

Test W28 - Same as Test W4

42

-r F

FIRE TESTS OF NAVY COMMUNICATION AND POWER CABLE

TEST PLAN

MAY 1984

43

% % %

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 INTRODUCTION Page

1.1 Background 11.2 Objective 1

2.0 APPROACH

2.1 General 12.2 Fire Scenario 2

3.0 THE TEST AREA

3.1 Test Spaces 33.2 Environment Control 33.3 Fuel Supply/Ignition System 33.4 Extinguishment System 3

4.0 INSTRUMENTATION

4.1 Background Conditions 34.2 Thermocouples 34.3 Calorimeters 44.4 Radiometer 44.5 Air Velocity Probes 44.6 Gas Analyzers 54.7 Grab Samplers 54.8 In-Situ IR Analyzers 54.9 Load Cell 54.10 Visual Recordings 64.11 Smoke Characterization 6

5.0 PRE-TEST FACILITY AND EQUIPMENT CHECKOUT 6

6.0 TEST PROCEDURE

f.1 Test Preparation 76.2 Baseline Tests 76.3 Commencement of the Test 7A.4 Data Acquisition 76.5 Termination of the Test 86.6 Cables to be Tested 8

7.0 SAFETY

7.1 Safety Responsibility 87.2 Hazards From Explosive Mixtures 97.3 Hazards From Toxic Gases 97.4 Fire Extinguishment 97.5 Heptane Supply 9

8.0 REPORTING 10

45I-

ml.wll. uw w uuuu w - u u - U WI-r uIy~-M - ~ wVVww V 'y~.~ i~ ~ WMl wlMWyI~fw ~w-WWWU

Page

APPENDIX A-1. - INSTRUMENTATION 11A-2 - INSTRUMENTATION 18B - n-HEPTANE DATA SHEET 19C - SYSTEMS CHECK LIST 20

46

TEST PLAN FOR FIRE TESTOF NAVY CABLES

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

a. The U.S. Navy is using power cables specified underMIL-C-915E-Amend 2. These cables when involved in a firecontribute significantly to the fuel load, produces vastquantities of black smoke, acid gases and toxic products.

b. Two new Military Specifications are beingconsidered, MIL-C-915F and MIL-C-XXXXX. These specifications dealwith light weight power cables which ostensively will produce lesssmoke, acid gas and toxic by-products when involved in a fire.

c. These new cables do not address the cable fireproblem of existing ships as the cost of replacing the cables is

*. prohibitive.

d. Protective coating or wrappings are beingconsidered to protect cables on existing ships.

1.2 OBJECTIVE

The impact of new cables on ships personnel and systemsunder shipboard conditions will be assessed when involved in afire.

a. Flame spread, bulkhead boundaries and heat load willbe assessed.

b. Acid gas production will be measured, HCl, HBr, HF.

c. Toxic products will be measured, CO, C02 , HCN, NOx,S02 and others to be determined based on small scale tests.

- Possibilities for analysis include chlorine, phosgene, formal-dehyde, hydrocarbons and other organics.

Old cables, MIL-C-915E-Amend 1, will be protected withcoatings. The above same parameters (a-c) will be determined.

2.0 APPROACH

2.1 General

The forward four compartments and passageway on thestarboard side of the 01 deck, after deck house, of the A.E. WATTSwill be used as the test compartments for the full-scale firetests. See Figure 1.

47

Alterations to these four compartments are as follows:(a) Remove the bulkhead between the center two compartments of thefour to give a fire-test area approximately 16 feet square;(b) Replace the bulkhead with J inch aluminum that extends fromthe passageway to the head between the after compartment (of thefour) and the fire test area; (c) Replace the remaining bulkheads,overheads, and decks in the four compartments with *-inch steel.

Sprinklers will be installed in the overhead from thedeck above with remote actuation capability. There will be twozones, see Figure 2.

The cables will be installed according to Navy require-ments with both vertical and horizontal configurations. Directlyover the fire area, cable will penetrate to the deck above usingstandard deck penetration. A liquid fuel fire will act as thesource of ignition.

No forced ventilation will be provided but the firecompartment will be open to passageway. Since the new specifica-tions are for light weight power cables only, each cable bundlewill have to contain MIL-C-915E-Amend 2 cable to simulate theshipboard situation. These cable tests will be conducted, withMIL-C-915-E-Amend 2 ; with MIL-C-915-F; and MIL-C-XXXXX andMIL-C-915-F. Provided funds and time are available a repeat ofthe last test will be made adding MIL-C-17 cables.

The coatings will be evaluated on MIL-C-915E-Amend 1 andMIL-C-17 cables.

2.2 Fire Scenario

The tests will simulate a fire involving cables, theinitial source of ignition being a liquid fuel fire. The sourceof ignition will be a n-heptane fuel fire in a square pan, theexact size to be determined in the "Establish Operation Conditon"phase . Enough fuel will be used for a 15 minute pan fire burn.The cables in the area of the simulated mctor generator will besubjected directly to the pan fire.

Since the primary objectives are to determine thequantities of smoke, acid gas and toxic gases and potential forfire spread due to electrical cables, no other combustibles willbe in the compartment.

The basis for comparison in this series of tests willbe flame spread, toxic or corrosive by-products, and obscurationof vision.

Sequence of Events

a. Doors to passageway closed except the test compartmentdoors.

48

b. Data acquistion system started.

c. Fire started

d. Data is recorded until all fire activity has ceased.

3.0 THE TEST AREA

3.1 Test Spaces

The tests will be performed on board the tanker vesselALBERT E. WATTS in test compartments and passageway on starboardside after deck house on the 01 level. Figure 2 shows thecompartment plan. The after bulkhead of the fire test area willbe aluminum. The cables will be installed according to Navyspecifications with steel and aluminum open cable hangers. Thesame cable configurations will be used for the coatings substi-tuting the cable type to simulate current shipboard conditions.

3.2. Environmental Control

UAll compartments except the test compartment should besecured and no forced ventilation will be used. Standard cablepenetration will be used. The cable penetrations betweencompartments will be sealed with duct seal according to Navyprocedure. No other special gas tight precuations will be taken.

3.3 Fuel/Ignition System

The fuel to be used is n-heptane, with the quantitybeing dictated by a burn time of 15 minutes. The ignition will beaccomplished with a spark created from neon sign transformer. Away will be provided to fill and drain the fuel pans remotely fromthe weather deck for safety reasons.

3.4 Extinguishment System

The ability to terminate the fire at any time will bethrough deluge sprinklers in the overhead of the four originalcompartments and the passageway. The capability to sprinkle thefire compartment only will exist. The sprinkler (or hand lines)should be utilized only if necessary and only the absolute minimumamount of water should be used.

4.0 INSTRUMENTATION

4.1 Background Conditions

Instruments will be used to measure background environ-mental conditions before and after the fires. These will include:

49

IIIIIIIL~IIIIIII%

a. Recording barometerb. Wind direction and speed (measure also during test).c. Humidity in test compartmentd. Outside temperature

4.2 Thermocouples (See Figure 1)

Type K, inconel-sheathed thermocouples will be used tomeasure air, cable bundle and bulkhead temperatures in thefollowing locations:

a. Four vertical strings, four thermocouples perstring, in the test compartment with each string having a T/C at16", 48", 64" and 80" above the deck. Two strings will be located12 in. from the cable penetration on the forward and afterbulkhead. Two strings will be located in the door (See Figure3). The fourth string will be 24 in. from the fire source on thecenter line of the compartments near the porthole.

b. Thermocouples will be placed in the cable bundle 24in. apart in the fire room and the compartments fore and aft ofthe fire room.

c. Vertical strings will also be placed on the oppositebulkheads in the forward, after compartments and in the corridor.The corridor string will be 12 in. (after) from the door.

d. Individual thermocouples will also be placed on eachside of the cable bundles on each side of the bulkheads (total ofeight couples).

e. Two thermocouples will be over the fuel pan to

monitor if it extinguishes prematurely.

4.3 Calorimeters (See Figure 2)

Calorimeters to measure total heat flux placed asfollows: three calorimeters to be installed in the firecompartment near the surface of the aluminum (after bulkhead) andtwo steel (forward and passageway) bulkheads. These will belocated mid level in the compartment.

4.4 Radiometers (See Figure 2)

a. Three radiometers to be installed in the testcompartment in the after outside and inside corners at mid level,and on the deck near the center of the fire area looking up.

b. Two radiometers to be installed in forward and aftercompartments on bulkhead opposite the test compartment, mid level.

4.5 Air Velocity Probes

None to be installed.

50

.0 J-c 4' ...

4.6 Gas Analyzers (See Figure 2)

a. Gas analyzers to continuously measure oxygen, carbondioxide, carbon monoxide, total hydrocarbons, sulfur dioxide, andnitrogen oxides from sample line inlets located 24", 48" and 72"(integrated sample) above the deck near the center line string ofthermocouples in test compartment. Separate gas analyzer (inte-grated inlets) for separate banks of analyzers (CO, CO2 + 02) willbe located in approximately same location in forward compartment.A gas analyzer inlet will also be in passageway outside the testcompartment (complete set of analyzers).

b. Gas analyzers to continuously measure hydrogencyanide, hydrogen chloride, chlorine and formaldehyde ftom twolocations, test compartment, and passageway will be placed. Theinlets will be integrated and located near the inlets in the aboveparagraph.

Analyzers

1. 3 Paramagnetic Oxygen Analyzers2. 3 IR CO2 Analyzers3. 3 IR CO Analyzers4. 2 IR SO2 Analyzers5. 2 NOx Analyzers6. 2 Calorimetric HCN Monitors7. 2 Calorimetric Formaldehyde Monitors8. 2 Calorimetric HCI Monitors

d 9. 2 Calorimetric C12 Monitors10. 2 Total Hydrocarbon Analyzers

4.7 Grab Samplers (Figure 2)

Sample flasks, 1.6 1 stainless steel, fitted withsolenoid valves and filters are to be placed in four locations;test compartments, forward and after compartment and passagewaynear the gas analyzer inlets. Three sets of three each (24", 48"and 72" above the deck) will be located for remote actuation.Total 36 bottles per test. These will be furnished by the Navy.

4.8 In Situ IR Analyzers

Hydrogen chloride and hydrogen fluoride gas analysiswill be made directly in the test compartment with a light sourceand monochrometer located in the overhead of compartment below thetest compartment. This test setup will be furnished by the Navy.

4.9 Load Cell

Load cell for the fuel pan will measure the fuelconsumption rate.

51

V V -% - * - " % -. - .- .. .- %% % - - . . . - - . . % . j . % .-

4.10 Visual Recordings

a. Three visual color video cameras viewing from thecorner of test compartment, after and forward compartments will beutilized.

b. An additional one color video camera viewing downthe passageway will be used.

c. One IR camera will be located in the testcompartment.

d. Still photographs (35 mm) will be taken before andafter each test.

4.11 Smoke Characterization

a. The smoke obscuration measurements will be made intest compartment, forward and after compartment and in passageway.The locations will be midlevel near the gas inlet locations. Atthese points, the transmittance of light issuing from a low-powered laser emitter (0.5 mw, 0.632 p wavelength) will bemeasured by a photo-diode detector 36" from the laser. To avoidinaccurate readings from the temperature-sensitive detector units,they will be located on the deck below the test level. Laserlight at the 36" distance will be transmitted through fiber opticcables.

b. An automated impactor will be used to characterizedthe particle distribution in the test compartment. Samples willbe transmitted to the deck below through J" teflon line where theanalyzer will reside.

5.0 PRE-TEST FACILITY AND EQUIPMENT CALIBRATION

5.1 Remove bulkhead between center two compartments to givefire test area 16 ft x 16 ft. Remove the after bulkhead of firetest area and replace with aluminum sheathing j inch thick.Remove all other bulkheads and replace with steel. If the deckand overhead are not steel, these will have to be replaced also.

5.2 Prepare opening for cable bundle and block off for firepan size tests and repeatability pan fire tests.

5.3 Check decking and overhead for integrity and repair as

necessary.

5.4 Install sprinkler system

5.5 Familiarize operating personnel with calibration andoperation of all analytical equipment.

5.6 Verify operation of all analytical equipment

52

-.: * ,. o . . . . o . . .

5.7 Install, clean, dry and seal teflon all gas analyzerlines. Gas analyzer lines in test compartment will be stainlesssteel and monel for HF and HCI

5.8 Install remote actuation power for grab samples.

5.9 Determine delay time to analyzers.

5.10 Install brackets for special IR equipment below thefire compartment.

5.11 Install fuel pan ignitor and feed and drain lines.

5.12 Using the base line test, establish the time-tempera-ture curves for the fuel pans/compartment.

6.0 TEST PROCEDURE

6.1 Test Preparation

All instruments will be calibrated and checked. Allpersonnel taking part in the test will be briefed on their respec-tive roles. All doors to the test area and inside the test areawill be closed and sealed if necessary. Video tape recordings and35 mm photographs will be made as necessary to document theappearance of the test compartment, specimens, and instrumentationprior to each test.

6.2 Baseline Tests

Several baseline tests will be conducted with fullinstrumentation. No cables will be installed and cable feed-throughs will be sealed. The fuel pan size and reproducibility offires will be established. Background test without cable will berun between each test.

6.3 Commencement of the Test

Prior to actual lighting of the pan, all instrumentationwill be turned on and scanned for at least five minutes. Thescan-time of five minutes will be used to-establish baselinemeasurements. The pan will be fueled three minutes into the se-antime, the level determined by video and premeasurement. The panwill be lighted. The timing clocks will be started at the instantthe fuel is lighted. That instant will be time zero. The timethe cables become involved will be recorded.

6.4 Data Acquisition

Data collection will be accomplished in the instrumenta-tion trailer located on board an LCM moored beside the testvessel. wire leads and gas sampling tubes from the instrumentswill be led from the test area to the deck below and then to thetrailer. One exception will be the gas sample lines for the five

53

'r -F

toxic gases that will be tested by calorimetric tubes. Theselines should be kept as short as possible and the instrumentationlocated in close proximity to the pick-up points.

6.5 Termination of the Test

The test will be terminated when all fire activity endsor at any other time that may be decided on by the test director.The test will also be terminated, if the fire threatens thesprinkler barrier or for any other reason if the test director orthe F&STD Supervisor judges that safety of the personnel isthreatened.

At termination, fuel will be drained before personnel gointo the test area. When the corridor temperature has dropped toabout 120*F, the oxygen level has returned to normal, and thetoxic gas concentrations in the corridor have dropped to traces,personnel using breathing apparatus and carrying portable waterextinguishers and a backup hand line will enter the corridor andtest compartment. Any smoldering embers will be extinguishedusing a minimum amount of water from the portable extinguishers.Remains of the test specimens should be disturbed as little aspossible prior to inspection and photographic documentation.

The sprinkler systems or backup hand lines will not beused to extinguish the fire unless absolutely necessary, to avoiddamaging instrumentation.

Before moving the remains of the test specimens, obser-vations on the conditions inside the test compartment will berecorded, and videotape recordings and 35mm color photographs willbe made to provide a record of the appearance of the specimensafter the tests. The remains of the specimens will then beremoved and the test compartment will be cleaned up and made readyfor the next test.

6.6 Eight fire tests involving cables are planned: one testeach with MIL-C-915E-Amend 1, MIL-C-915E-Preamend 2, MIL-C-915F,and MIL-C-XXXXX cable; then, one test will include all of theabove cables; and finally, the last three tests will include arepeat test of MIL-C-915E-Preamend 1 cable, a test withMIL-C-915E-Amend 1 cable protected with substrate #1 (to beselected), and the final test with this same cable protected withsubstrate #2 (to be selected).

7.0 SAFETY

7.1 Safety Responsibilities

Safety of the personnel is of paramount importancethroughout preparation and testing. The F&STD Supervisor is thesafety officer for all operations relating to the testing. TheTest Director is responsible for the technical aspects of thetests. A test will be postponed, or, if in progress, terminated,

54

if at any time the F&STD Supervisor or the Test Director decides

that the safety of any person is threatened.

7.2 Hazards From Explosive Mixtures

An imporatant safety hazard is that liquid n-heptanemight remain unburned which could evaporate and form an explosivemixture with air inside the ship. To avoid such a risk, ahydrocarbon detector and an audible alarm unit will be installedIn the main deck area (the level below the test compartment)through which the fuel supply pipe runs. In the event of a leakin the main deck area, the hydrocarbon detector will actuate theaudible alarm. The alarm is loud enough to warn personnel in thetest area of a possible bLildup of an explosive gas concentration,so that the fuel can be drained immediately and the testterminated.

The hydrocarbon gas analyzer in the instrumentation trailerwill continuously monitor the concentration of hydrocarbon gas(HC) at the location of the gas sampling tube pickups in the testarea. The computer will be set so that if HC concentrationexceeds 2100 ppm (about 20 percent of the lower flammability limit(LFL)), an audible alarm will be sounded and the heptane drained,terminating the test.

During the test, the test compartment will be observedvia the video monitor and IR camera.

7.3 Hazards From Toxic Gases

The analyzers shall be kept in operation after termi-nation of the test. No one shall enter the test area until theoxygen concentration in the area has returned to that of normalair (about 21% by volume) and until the toxic gas concentrationshave dropped to traces. At this time, personnel using breathingapparatus will enter the test compartment area to extinguish anyremaining smoldering items and cover the fuel pan. The corridordoors at the fore and aft ends will be opened to permit the smoketo be exhausted in the aft direction by using portable blowers.

7.4 Fire Extinguishment

During test preparations, as well as during the actualtesting, a sufficient number of portable AFFF extinguishers shouldbe readily available in the test area in case of emergency.

7.5 Heptane Supply

Before checking operation of the fuel supply, all otherinstrumentation should be installed and fully operational. Allcombustible material should be removed from the test compartmentand the area of the passageway near the test compartment doorway.Heat flux data should be recorded during this test run, whichshould continue for at least 15 minutes. In the event the fireextinguishes from lack of oxygen, the fuel pan should be drained.

55

8.0 REPORTING

The CG R&D Center will reduce the data and supply it in ausable form including prints, photos, and magnetic tapes to the

Navy, NRL Code 6183 which will document the test procedures and

present experimental results. Analysis, discussion, conclusionsand recommendations will not be included. The report will includethe results from all tests including background tests.

56

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APPENDIX A-2INHSTRUMENTAT ION

6 Radiometers, Gardon 0-10 BTU/ft2minType 64 15R -20 -6 MgORange 9 - 12 MV, 15 BTU/ft2 sec

2 Calorimeters, Gardon 0-10 BTU/ft2minType 64-2 -20 -8 Mg05 Range 0 2BTU/ft2 secType 64-2 -20 3

54 Thermocouple, Type K, Inconel. - sheathed a

10 Smoke Obscuration, Spectra Physics lasersRCA Modi. C30810

3 oxygen analyzer, LCN Thermomagnetic (0-25%)model 7803-6

3 Carbon Dioxide analyzer, MSA Model LIRA 303(0-25%) Full Scale

3 Carbon Monoxide analyzer, NSA Model LIRA 303(0-5%) Full scale

2 NOx analyzer, Beckman, Model 951

2 Sulphur Dioxide analyzer, Beckman NDIR-

Model 865

2 Hydrocarbon Analyzer, Beckman Flame-IonizationModel 400

1 Heat Detector, Fenwal

1 Hygro-thermograph

1 Load Cell (Fuel Pan 0-50016)

2 Colorimetric HCN (CEA Model TGM 555)

2 Colorimetric Formaldehyde (CBA model TGM 555)

2 Colorimetric MCI. (CEA Model TGM 555)

2 Colorimetric Phosgene (CEA Model TGM 555)

2 Colorimetric Chlorine (CIA Model TGM 555)

36 1.4 liter Stainless Steel Bottle/Solenoids

1 Particle Analyzer

I Monochrometer (Jarrel Ash)

64

.. .. .. . . . .a . .a . . a

APPENDIX Bn-HEPTANE DATA SHEET

HEPTANE

Descriptions Colorless liquid.Formula: CH 3 (CH 2 )5 CH 3

Constants:Mol. Wt. 100.20B. P. 98.52*CFreezing P. -90.5*CFlash P. 250F (C.C.)Density 0.684 @ 20*/4*CAutoign. Temp. 452 0FVap. Press. 40 mm @ 22.3*CVap. D. 3.45

Toxic Hazard RatingsAcute Locals 0Acute Systemic: Inhalation 1Chronic Local: UChronic Systemic: U

MAC: ACGIH (accepted); 500 partsper million in air; 2045 milli-grams per cubic meter of air.

Fire Hazards Dangerous, when ex-posed to heat or flame.

Spontaneous Heating: NoTo Fight Fire: Foam, carbon diox-

ide, dry chemical

Explosion Hazards Moderate, whenexposed to heat or flame.

Explosive Range: 1.2 - 6.7%Disaster Control: Dangerous,

upon exposure to heat or flame;can react vigorously with oxi-dizing materials.

Ventilation Control (use moderaterate)s Section 2

Storage and Handlings Section 7Shipping Regulationst Section 11.

I.C.C. Classifications Flammableliquid; red label.

Coast Guard Classifications In-flammable liquidl red label.

65p

APPENDIX C

SYSTEMS CHECK LIST

I. Gas Analyzer System

a. Dryer systems moisture out? leakage?b. Condensation in tubing?c. Calibration: 02 , CO 2 , CO, HC, S02 , NOx before/after

response times:d. Colorimetric Analyzer system check: ppm levels, response

times.e. Monochrometerf. Particle Analyzer

2. Hydrocarbon Alarm System:

a. Calibrator gas?b. Audible alarm?

3. Smoke Detection/Measurement

a. Clock starting/stoppingb. Laser systems alignment, calibration, overheating,

before/after firec. Back-lighted strip particule deposit?d. Automated cascade Impactor

4. Computer

a. Background check:b. Pre-ignitionc. Ignitions clock-start ing, time date gen,d. High HC main valve closure checke. Graphics check

5. Video/Photography:

a. Cameras, recorders operatingb. Status board photographed or videotaped before testsc. Photos/videotape during test and afterd. Status board photographed and videotaped after tests

6. Ignition

a. Check fuel level in panb. Check for HC leak - main deck before and after lightingc. Flame quality: blue/yellowing? Flame height steady?

Ventilation regulation?

66

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CABLES TO BE TESTED

Cable Feet E F MIL-C MIL-CRequired XXXXX 17

TSGU-50 1500TSGA-50 1500 I

MDU-6 1000 V

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TSGU-23 2000 V

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OUTLINE OF NAVY CABLE FIRE FIGHTING TEST SERIES

Tasks Number Test

of Tests Number

Task I. ESTABLISH CONDITIONS

Equipment Checkout 2 tests NT(W29), NT(W30)(gas analyzers, Temp

sensors, heat flux meters,

gas samplers, smoke gas

samplers, smoke sensors),

Fire Fighting Procedure

Task II. NAVY CABLE MANUAL 3 tests NT(W3]), NT(W32),FIRE FIGHTING TESTS NT(W33)

Task III. Navy Cable Sprinkler

Fire Fighting Test I tests NT(W14)

72

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OUTLINE (continued)

TASK I. Establish Operating Conditions

Test W29 - (1.1) Compartments configured (Aluminum bulkhead and Steel

bulkheads, overhead and deck) no cables (2'x2' heptane

pan, 4 gallons), No Fire Fighting

(1.2) Instrumentation - All

(1.3) Video and photographs

(1.4) Data Reduction - On site

1. Temperatures in compartments - individual plots

2. Temperatures in corridor

3. Radiometers - individual plots

4. Load cell for the pan

5. CO, 02, CO 2 - individual plots

6. Data tape in NRL format (1600 BPL) within 24 bra.

7. Complete channel listing

Test W30 - (2.1) Compartments configured (Aluminum bulkhead and Steel

bulkheads, overhead and deck) no cables (2'x2' heptane

pan, 4 gallons)

(2.2) Instrumentation - All

(2.3) Video and photographs

(2.4) Date Reduction - On site

1.

2.3. Same as Test W29

4.

6.

7.

(2.5) Fire fighting commence 12 min after fire start

TASK I. Navy Cable Manual Fire Fighting Tests

Test W31 - (3.1) Compartments configured (Aluminum bulkhead and Steel

bulkheads, overhead and deck) cables (MIL-E-915E-Amend 2)

(2'x2' heptane pan, 4 gallons)

(3.2) Instrumentation - All

(3.3) Video, movies and photographs

73

(3.4) Data reduction - on site - same as for Test W29 and

Test W30

(3.5) Manual Fire fighting Commence 25 min after fire start,

fire main pressure of 60+ psig.

Test W32 - (4.1) Same as 3.1

(4.2) Instrumentation - All

(4.3) Video, movies and photographs

(4.4) Data Reduction - On site

1. Temperature in compartments - individual plots

2. Temperatures in corridor3. Optical density in corridor

4. Radiometer - individual plots5. Fire pan load cell6. All continuous gas analyses on individual plots7. Data tape in NRL format (1600 BPL) within 24 hrs.8. Complete channel listing.

(4.5) Same as W31, except fire main pressure of 29 psig.

Test W33 - Same as Test W32 except cables will be MIL-C-915E-Pre Amend 2

TASK ITT. Fixed Suppression of Navy Cable Fire

Test W34 - (5.1) Same as 3.1

(5.2) Same as 3.2

(5.3) Same as 3.3

(5.4) Same as 3.4

(5.5) Commence auto fire fighting after 25 minutes prb1mrn

74

IIFIRE FIGHTING TESTS OF NAVY COMMUNICATION AND POWER CABLE ]

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TEST PLAN

30 MAY 1985p.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background 11.2 Objective 1

2.0 APPROACH

2.1 General 12.2 Fire Scenario 2

3.0 THE TEST AREA

3.1 Test Spaces 23.2 Environmental Control 33.3 Fuel Supply/Ignition System 33.4 Extinguishment System 3

4.0 INSTRUMENTATION

4.1 Background Conditions 34.2 Thermocouples 34.3 Calorimeters 44.4 Radiometers 44.5 Air Velocity Probes 44.6 Gas Analyzers 44.7 Grab Samplers 54.8 In-Situ IR Analyzers 54.9 Load Cell 54.10 Visual Recordings 54.11 Smoke Characterization 64.12 Continuity Test 6

5.0 PRE-TEST FACILITY AND EQUIPMENT CALIBRATION 6 I6.0 TEST PROCEDURE

6.1 Test Preparation 66.2 Baseline Tests 76.3 Commencement of the Test 76.4 Data Acquisition 76.5 Termination of the Test 76.6 Cables Fire Fighting Test 8

77

**.*. %.S

Page7.0 SAFETY

7.1 Safety Responsibilities 87.2 Hazards From Explosive Mixtures 87.3 Hazards From Toxic Gases 97.4 Fire Extinguishment 97.5 Heptane Supply 9

8.0 REPORTING 9

APPENDIX A-i - INSTRUMENTATION 10A-2 - INSTRUMENTATION 17

B - n-HEPTANE DATA SHEET 18C - SYSTEMS CHECK LIST 19

78

V~..

TEST PLAN FOR FIRE FIGHTING TESTSOF NAVY CABLES

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

a. The U.S. Navy has power cables installed on shipsspecified under MIL-C-915E-Amend 2 and pre-MIL-C-915E-Amend 2.When involved in a fire these cables contribute significantly tothe fuel load, add to fire spread, and produce vast quantities ofblack smoke, acid gases and toxic products.

b. Two new Military Specifications are being used innew ship construction, MIL-C-24643 and MIL-C-24640. Thesespecifications deal with light-weight power cables whichostensibly will produce less smoke, acid gas and toxic by-products when involved in a fire.

c. These new cables do not address the cable fireproblem of existing ships as the cost of replacing the cables isprohibitive. Therefore, the impact of cable fire fighting onmaintaining the ships' mission is significant.

1.2 OBJECTIVE

The adequacy of current fire fighting techniques for bothsurface ships and submarines on burning shipboard cables will bedetermined. Both manual and fixed suppression techniques will beused. The ability of smoke curtains to contain smoke will also beevaluated.

2.0 APPROACH

2.1 General

The forward four compartments and passageway on thestarboard side of the 01 deck, after deck house, of the A.E. WATTSwill be used as the test compartments for the full-scale firetests. See Figure 1. These are the same test compartmentscurrently being used in the Navy cable fire tests.

Sprinkler heads, to be furnished by the Naval SeaSystems Command, will be installed in the overhead and will haveremote actuation capability.

The cables will be installed according to Navy require-ments with both vertical and horizontal configurations. The cableinstallation will be the same as in previous Navy Cable Tests. Thesource of ignition will be a heptane liquid fuel fire.

79II

No forced ventilation will be provided, but the firecompartment will be open to the passageway. These fire fightingcable tests will be conducted with pre-MIL-C-915-E-Amend 2 andMIL-C-915-E-Amend 2 cables. Both manual and fixed fire fightingwill be performed on these cables in four tests. Two additionalbackground fires will be conducted without cables, one with and

*. one without fire fighting.

2.2 Fire Scenario

The tests will simulate a fire involving cables, usingas a source of ignition a n-heptane fuel fire in a square pan,2' x 2'. Sufficient fuel will be used for a 15 minute pan fireburn. The cables in the area of the simulated motor generatorwill be subjected directly to the pan fire.

Since the primary objective is to determine the ease offire fighting of electrical cables, no other combustibles will bepresent in the compartment.

The basis for ccmparlson in this series of tests will bethe ease of fire suppression and conversely flame spread. Also,smoke curtains will be evaluated in the passageway and in theadjoining compartment to the fire room.

Sequence of Events

a. Doors to passageway closed except the test compartmentdoors and where smoke curtains are being evaluated.

b. Data acquistion system started.

c. Fire started.

d. Fire fighting effort will commence 25 minutes afterfire start except test W-30 where no cables will beinstalled. Fire fighting will commence 12 minutesafter the fire start.

e. Data are recorded until all fire activity hasceased.

3.0 THE TEST AREA

3.1 Test Spaces

The tests will be performed on board the tanker vesselALBERT E. WATTS in test compartments and passageway on starboardside after deck house on the 01 level. Figure 1 shows thecompartment plan. The after bulkhead of the fire test area will

J

* 80

be aluminum. The cables will be installed according to Navy

specifications with steel and aluminum open cable hangers.

3.2. Environmental Control

All compartments, except the test compartment and thesmoke curtain compartments, should be secured and no forcedventilation will be used. Standard cable penetration will beused. The cable penetrations between compartments will be sealedwith duct seal according to Navy procedure. No other special gastight precautions will be taken.

3.3 Fuel Supply/Ignition SyEtem

The fuel to be used is n-heptane, with the quantitybeing dictated by a burn time of 15 minutes. A spark created froma neon sign tranformer, ignites a propane flame, which in turnignites the heptane fuel. A way will be provided to fill anddrain the fuel pans remotely from the weather deck for safetyreasons.

3.4 Extinguishment System

Extinguishment of fires W-30, W-31 and W-33 will beaccomplished with a single handline, I", 90 psIg. Thefire fighting effort will commence 25 minutes after ignition of thepan fire. A Navy Vari-nozzle will be used. Fire W-32 will use a25 psig backing pressure to simulate submarine trim and headerpressures. Fire W-34 will employ a fixed suppression system withnozzles to be furnished by Naval Sea Systems Command.

4.0 INSTRUMENTATION

4.1 Background Conditions

Instruments will be used to measure background environ-mental conditions before and after the fires. These will includes

a. Recording barometerb. Wind direction and speed (measure also during test).c. Ambient humidityd. Outside temperature

4.2 Thermocouples (See Figure 1)

Type K, inconel-sheathed thermocouples will be used tomeasure air, cable bundle and bulkhead temperatures in thefollowing locations:

81

.'

a. One vertical string, four thermocouples per string,in the test compartment located at 16", 48", 64" and 80" above thedeck. Four thermocouples will be located 12 in. from the cablepenetration on the forward and after bulkheads.

b. Thermocouples will be placed in the cable bundle 12in. apart in the fire room and the compartments fore and aft ofthe fire room.

"I

c. Thermocouples will also be placed on the oppositebulkheads In the forward and after compartments.

d. Individual thermocouples will also be placed on eachside of the cable bundles on each side of the bulkheads (total ofeight couples).

e. Two thermocouples will be over the fuel pan tomonitor If the fire extinguishes prematurely.

f. All thermocouples rakes from the previous Navy cable

test will be removed.

4.3 Calorimeters (See Figure 1)

Calorimeters to measure total heat flux will be placedas followsi three calorimeters to be Installed in the firecompartment near the surface of the aluminum (after bulkhead) andtwo steel (forward and passageway) bulkheads. These will belocated mid level in the compartment. Calorimeters will also beplaced in the forward, after compartment and passageway.

4.4 Padiometers (See Figure 1)

a. Twc radicmeters will be installed in the testcompartment ir t e after outside and inside corners at mid level,and on the de(-k ner,- the center of the fire area looking up.

b. Two radiometers will be installed in the forward andatter :ompartments on bulkhead opposite the test compartment, midlevel.

C. One radiometer will be installed in passageway.

4 .5 Air Velocity Probes

None will be Installed.

4.6 Gas Analyzers (See Figure 1)

a. Gas analyzers will be used to continuouvly measureoxygen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, total hydrocarbons, andnitrogen oxides from sample line inlets located 24", 48" and 72"

82 .

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'integrated sample) above the deck near the center line string ofthermocouples in test compartment. Separate gas analyzer inlet(integrated inlets) for separate banks of analyzers (CO, CO 2 and02) will be located in approximately the same location in theforward compartment. A gas analyzer inlet will also be in thepassageway outside the test compartment (complete set ofanalyzers).

Analyzers

1. 3 Paramagnetic Oxygen Analyzers

2. 3 IR CO 2 Analyzers3. 3 IR CO Analyzers4. 2 NO Analyzers

4.7 Grab Samplers

None in this test series.

4.8 In Situ IR Analyzers

None in this test series.

4.9 Load Cell

Load cell for the fuel pan will measure the fuelconsumption rate.

4.10 Visual Recordings

a. Two visual color video cameras protected from thefire will view as much of the test compartment as possible.

b. Two additional color video cameras will view downthe passageway on each side of the fire curtain.

c. Two color cameras will view the forward and aftercompartment.

d. One IR camera will be located in the testcompartment.

e. Still photographs (35 mm) will be taken before andafter each test. A remoa motor driven 35 mm camera will be usedto photograph the fire fighting.

f. One 16 mm movie camera will photograph the fire fightingactivity in the test compartment.

83

- ~ ~~~ 77 -- - .

4.11 Smoke Characterization

a. The smoke obscuration measurements will be made inthe forward and after compartment and in the passageway. Thelocations will be midlevel near the gas inlet locations. At thesepoints, the transmittance of light issuing from a low-poweredlaser emitter (0.5 mw, 0.632 p wavelength) will be measured by aphoto-diode detector 12" from the laser. To avoid inaccuratereadings from the temperature-sensitive detector units, they willbe located on the deck below the test level. Laser light at the12" distance will be transmitted through .fiber optic cables.

4.12 Continuity Test

Voltages ranging from 3.0 down to 0.2 of volts are

converted to 15 conductors in the cables. This then allows thedetermination of the time of failure of a cable and will to anextent measure the effect of water on the cables.

5.0 PRE-TEST FACILITY AND EQUIPMENT CALIBRATION

5.1 Install sprinkler heads

5.2 Familiarize operating personnel with calibration and

operation of all analytical equipment.

5.3 Verify operation of all analytical equipment

5.4 Determine delay time to analyzers.

5.5 Using the base line test, establish the time-temperaturecurves for the fuel pans/compartment.

5.6 Fire cuitains will be installed on the hatches of theforward and after compartment adjacent to fire room. Fire curtainwill also be installed in passageway.

6.0 TEST PROCEDURE

6.1 Test Preparation

All instruments will be calibrated and checked. Allpersonnel taking part in the test will be briefed on their respec-tive roles. All the doors to the test area and inside the testarea will be closed and sealed if necessary. Video taperecordings, 35 mm photographs and movies will be made as necessaryto document the appearance of the test compartment, specimens, andinstrumentation prior to each test.

84

6.2 Baseline Test

Two baseline tests will be conducted with fullinstrumentation. No cables will be installed and cable feed-throughs will be sealed. One test will be without fire fightingand the other will be with fire fighting.

6.3 Commencement of the Test

Prior to actual ignition of the fuel, all instru-mentation will be turned on and scanned for at least five minutes.The scan-time of five minutes will be used to establish baselinemeasurements. The pan will be fueled three minutes into the scantime, the level determined by video and premeasurement. The panwill be lighted. The timing clocks will be started at the Instantthe fuel is lighted. That instant will be time zero. Alsorecorded will be the time when the cables become involved in thefire.

The fire fighting effort will commence 25 minutes intothe test for the cable tests and 15 minutes into the fuel pan test

only. The fire fighting team will be led by Navy fire fighters.

A.4 Data Acquisition

Data collection will be accomplished in the instrumenta-tion trailer located on board an LCM moored beside the testvessel, wire leads and gas sampling tubes from the instrumentswill be led from the test area to the deck below and then to thetral er.

F,. Termination of the Test

The test will be terminated when all fire activity ends

or at any other time that may be decided by the test director.

The test w'1l nlso be terminated for any other reason if the testdirector or the F&STD Supervisor judges that safety of thepersonnel is threatened.

At termination, any remaining fuel will be drainedbefore personnel go into the test area. When the corridortemperature has dropped to about 120 0 F, the oxygen level hasreturned to normal, and the toxic gas concentrations in theccrridor have dropped to traces, personnel using breathingapparatus and carrying carbon dioxide extinguishers and a backuphand line will enter the corridor and test compartment. Anysmoldering embers will be extinguished using a minimum amount ofCO 2 from the portable extinguishers. Remains of the testspecimens should be disturbed as little as possible prior toinspection and photographic documentation.

85

%p

Before moving the remains of the test specimens, obser-vations on the conditions inside the test compartment will berecorded, and videotape recordings and 35mm color photographs willbe made to provide a record of the appearance of the specimensafter the tests. The remains of the specimens will then beremoved and the test compartment will be cleaned and preparedfor the next test.

6.6 Cables Fire Fighting Tests

Four fire fighting tests involving cables are planned:three tests will be conducted with manual fire fighting, one usingold cable MIL-C-915-E Pre Amend 2 and two using MIL-C-915-EAmend 2. Handlines of 1j" using 90 and 25 psig water will beused. Navy fire fighters will head the fire fighting efforts. Onefixed suppression test will be conducted with nozzles the Navyfurnishes.

7.0 SAFETY

7.1 Safety Responsibilities

Safety of the personnel is of paramount importance

throughout preparation and testing. The F&STD Supervisor is thesafety officer for all operations relating to the testing. TheTest Director is responsible for the technical aspects of thetests. A test will be postponed, or, if in progress, terminated,if at any time the F&STD Supervisor or the Test Director decidesthat the safety of any person is threatened.

7.2 Hazards From Explosive Mixtures

An imporatant safety hazard is that the liquid n-heptanemight remain unburned, evaporate and form an explosive mixturewith air inside tho! ship. To avoid such a risk, a hydrocarbondetector and an audible alarm unit will be installed in the maindeck area. The alarm is loud enough to warn personnel in the testarea of a possible buildup of an explosive gas concentration, sothat the fuel can be drained immediately and the test terminated.

The hydrocarbon gas analyzer in the instrumentation trailerwill continuously monitor the concentration of hydrocarbon gas(HC) at the location of the gas sampling tube pickups in the testarea. The computer will be set so that if HC concentrationexceeds 2100 ppm (about 20 percent of the lower flammability limit(LFL)), an audible alarm will be sounded and the heptane drained,terminating the test.

During the test, the test compartment will be observedvia the video monitor and IR camera.

86

7.3 Hazards From Toxic Gases

The analyzers shall be kept in operation after thetermination of the test. No one shall enter the test area withoutbreathing apparatus until the oxygen concentration in the testarea has returned to that of normal air (about 21% by volume) anduntil the toxic gas concentrations have dropped to traces. Atthis time, personnel using breathing apparatus will enter the testcompartment area to extinguish any remaining smoldering items andcover the fuel pan. The corridor doors at the fore and aft endswill be opened to permit the smoke to be exhausted in the aftdirection by using portable blowers.

7.4 Fire Extinguishment

During test preparations, as well as during the actualtesting, a sufficient number of portable AFFF extinguishers shouldbe readily available in the test area in case of emergency.

7.5 Heptane Supply

Before checking the operation of the fuel supply, allother instrumentation should be installed and fully operational.All extraneous combustible material should be removed from thetest compartment and the area of the passageway near the testcompartment doorway. Heat flux data should be recorded duringthis test run, which shtould continue for at least 15 minutes. Inthe event the fire extinguishes from lack of oxygen, the fuel panshould be drained.

8.0 PEPORTING

The CG R&D Center will reduce the data and supply it in ausable form inciudin prints, photos, video tapes, and magnetictapes to the Navy, NRL Code 6183 which will document the testprocedures aril present experimental results. Analysis,discussion, conclusions and recommendations will not be included.The report will include the results from all tests includingbackground ?estM.

87

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APPENDIX A-2I NSTRUMENTAT ION

6 Radiometers, Gardon 0-10 BTU/ft2minType 64 1L5R -20 -6 MgORange 9 - 12 Mv, 15 BTO/ft2 sec

2 Calorimeters, Gardon 0-10 BTU/ft 2min

Type 64 -2 - 20 - 8 HgO 5 Range 0 -2 BTU/ft2 - 5cType64 -2 -20 3

54 Thermocouple. Type K, Inconel - sheathed

10 Smoke Obscuration, Spectra Physics lasersI

3 oxygen analyzer, LCN Thermomagnetic (0-25%)model 7803-6

3 Carbon Dioxide analyzer, NSA Model LIRA 303(0-25%) Full scale

3 Carbon Monoxide analyzer, MSA Model LIRA 303(0-5%) Full scale

2 NOx analyzer, Beckman, Model 951

2 Hydrocarbon Analyzer, Beckman Flame-IonizationModel 400

1 Heat Detector, Fenwal

1 Hygro-thersiograph

1 Load Cell (Fuel Pan 0-50016)

2 Flow Indicators (Liquid)

2 Pressure In extinguishing System

951

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,. . . . . . .. . . -.: . . > . - . T' %-,

APPENDIX Bn-HEPTANE DATA SHEET

HEPTANE

Description: Colorless liquid.Formula: CH 3 (CH 2 )5 CH 3Constants:

Mol. Wt. 100.20B. P. 98.52 0cFreezing P. -90.5 0CFlash P. 25 0F (C.C.)Density 0.684 @ 20 0 /4*CAutoign. Temp. 452 0 FVap. Press. 40 mm @ 22.3-CVap. D. 3.45

Toxic Hazard Rating:Acute Local: 0Acute Systemic: Inhalation 1Chronic Local: UChronic Systemic: U

MAC: ACGIH (accepted); 500 partsper million in air; 2045 mii-grims per cubic ieter of air.

Fire Hizard: Dangerous, when ex-PD'id to heat or flame.

iprn tecrur Heatina: NcTo F'. irt Fire: Foarn, -arton d12x

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D-RIS6 146 THE EX-SHADWELL-FULL SCALE FIRE RESEARCH AND TEST SHIP 2/2

1) Rio (U) NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC

UWN~ffRSSIFED WCARHART ET AL. 66 OCT 6? NRL-MR-6974 FO1/9 U

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APPENDIX CSYSTEMS CHECK LIST

1. Gas Analyzer System

a. Dryer system: moisture out? leakage?b. Condensation in tubing?c. Calibration: 02, C0 2 , CO, HC, NOx before/after

response times:

2. Hydrocarbon Alarm System:

a. Calibrator gas?b. Audible alarm?

3. Smoke Detection/Measurement

a. Clock starting/stoppingb. Laser system: alignment, calibration, overheating,

before/after fire

4. Computer

a. Background check:b. Pre-ignition

c. Ignition: clock-starting, time date gen,d. High HC main valve closure checke. Graphics check

5. Video/Photography:

a. Cameras, recorders operatingb. Status board photographed or videotaped before testsc. Photos/videotape/movies during test and afterd. status board photographed and videotaped after testse. Movie camera 16 mm remote actuation

6. Ignition

a. Check fuel level in panb. Check for HC leak - main deck before and after lightingc. Flame quality: blue/yellowing? Flame height steady?

ventilation regulation?

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