ewura water regional report 2013/2014

regional and national project

water utilities & dawasco

december 2014

water utilities performance review report 2013/2014

Water Utilities Performance Report for 2013/2014i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

FOREWORD ....................................................................................................................................iii

ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS.............................................................................................. iv

DEFINITIONS OF KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS ............................................................... v

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................vii

PERFORMANCE HIGHLIGHTS ...................................................................................................viii

1.0 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................1 1.1 Background ....................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Description of Utilities ...................................................................................................... 1 1.3 Methodology ..................................................................................................................... 2

2.0 TECHNICAL OPERATIONS FOR REGIONAL WSSAs AND DAWASCO ..............................3 2.1 Water Abstraction .............................................................................................................. 3 2.2 Installed Water Production Capacities ............................................................................... 4 2.3 Water Production .............................................................................................................. 4 2.4 Water Demand .................................................................................................................. 6 2.5 Utilization of Water Supply Networks ............................................................................... 7 2.6 Water Mains Rehabilitation ............................................................................................... 8 2.7 Rehabilitation of Water Service Connection ...................................................................... 9 2.8 Non-Revenue Water (NRW) ........................................................................................... 10 2.9 Adequacy of Water Storage Capacities ............................................................................. 13 2.10 Utilization of Sewer Networks ......................................................................................... 14 2.11 Performance of Sewer Networks ...................................................................................... 15 2.12 Water Quality Monitoring ............................................................................................... 16 2.13 Wastewater Quality Monitoring ...................................................................................... 17 2.14 Water and Wastewater Quality Monitoring by EWURA .................................................. 18

3.0 BUSINESS AND COMMERCIAL OPERATIONS OF REGIONAL WSSAs and DAWASCO .20 3.1 Total Water connections .................................................................................................. 20 3.2 Water Kiosk Connections ................................................................................................ 21 3.3 Metering Ratio ................................................................................................................ 22 3.4 Sewerage Connections ..................................................................................................... 23 3.5 Water Service Coverage .................................................................................................... 23 3.6 Average Service Hours ..................................................................................................... 26 3.7 Sewerage Coverage ........................................................................................................... 27 3.8 Complaints and Complaints Resolution .......................................................................... 28 3.9 Staff per 1000 water and sewerage connections ................................................................ 29 3.10 Billing and Revenue Collection Performance ................................................................... 29

4.0 FINANCIAL OPERATIONS OF REGIONAL WSSAs and DAWASCO ................................... 33 4.1 Revenue Generation ........................................................................................................ 33 4.2 Total Revenue Collections Trend ..................................................................................... 33 4.3 Expenditure Control ........................................................................................................ 34 4.4 Cost Recovery .................................................................................................................. 44

Water Utilities Performance Report for 2013/2014 ii

5.0 PERFORMANCE OVERVIEW OF NATIONAL PROJECTS WSSAs .....................................49 5.1 Technical Operations of NP WSSAs ................................................................................ 49 5.2 Business and Commercial Operations of NP WSSAs ....................................................... 60 5.3 Financial Operations of NP WSSAs ................................................................................. 69

6.0 COMPLIANCE WITH REGULATORY DIRECTIVES AND REQUIREMENTS ..................72 6.1 Tariff Reviews and Compliance with Tariff Conditions .................................................... 72 6.2 Reporting Obligations ..................................................................................................... 73 6.3 Compliance with MoU Performance Targets ................................................................... 74 6.4 Compliance with the Lease Agreement between DAWASA and DAWASCO ................... 74 6.5 Compliance to EWURA Levy Payment ........................................................................... 74

7.0 PERFORMANCE RANKING .................................................................................................76 7.1 Key Performance Indicators ............................................................................................. 76 7.2 Overall Ranking .............................................................................................................. 76 7.3 Utility Ranking ................................................................................................................ 78 7.4 Results of Performance Ranking ...................................................................................... 78

8.0 KEY OBSERVATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ..........................................................81

APPENDICES ..................................................................................................................................83

Water Utilities Performance Report for 2013/2014iii

FOREWORD

Provision of water supply and sanitation services in Tanzania is principally a monopolistic undertaking provided mostly by public institutions. Due to its monopolistic nature, a number of challenges identifi ed through monitoring and comparative performance of service providers need to be addressed. To address the challenges and pursuant to section 28(2) of the Water Supply and Sanitation Act, 2009, the Energy and Water Utilities Regulatory Authority (EWURA) has prepared a Water Utilities Performance Report 2013/14 for Regional Water Supply and Sanitation Authorities (WSSAs), National Project WSSAs and DAWASCO.Th e report provides a comparative analysis and ranking of the performance of the Regional WSSAs, National Project WSSAs and DAWASCO in terms of technical, commercial and fi nancial indicators. Th e report identifi es the challenges faced by the Regional WSSAs, National Project WSSAs and DAWASCO and gives recommendations on how to address them.

Th e report will assist Regional WSSAs, National Project WSSAs and DAWASCO to identify their strengths and weaknesses, and benchmark among them and learn from the best performers in order to uncover potential partnership for improving performance. Th e utilities can therefore use the report in making various operational and managerial decisions in identifying areas for improvement for effi cient service delivery.

On the other hand, the report may further assist the Government and the utilities Boards in making sound policy and investment decisions thus enabling eff ective and focused allocation of limited resources for realization of big impact. In addition, the report is also useful to EWURA in undertaking its regulatory functions and in advising the Government on areas for investment and service provision.

For the customers, this report is a tool for comparing the performance of service providers in the Country and demand the right quality of service to be rendered by the service providers in their areas.

Th is report received invaluable comments and inputs from Regional WSSAs, National Project WSSAs and DAWASCO as well as from the Ministry of Water which the author, EWURA, highly recognizes.

Felix NgamlagosiDIRECTOR GENERAL

December 2014

Water Utilities Performance Report for 2013/2014 iv

ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

BOD5 Biochemical Oxygen Demand of wastewater during decomposition over 5days period

COD Chemical Oxygen Demand

DAWASCO Dar es Salaam Water and Sewerage Corporation

DAWASA Dar es Salaam Water and Sewerage Authority

DSNP District, Small Towns and National Projects

EWURA Energy and Water Utilities Regulatory Authority

HTM Handeni Trunk Main

KASHWASA Kahama Shinyanga Water Supply Authority

MajIs Water Utilities Information System Software

MANAWASA Masasi Nachingwea Water Supply and Sanitation Authority

MoU Memorandum of Understanding

MoW Ministry of Water

NA Not applicable

NBS National Bureau of Statistics

NP National Project

NRW Non-Revenue Water

pH Potentiometric Hydrogen ion concentration - is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a

solution

TBS Tanzania Bureau of Standards

WSSA Water Supply and Sanitation Authority

WSDP Water Sector Development Program

Measurement Units and Symbols

km kilometre

km2 square kilometre

kWh/m3 Kilowatt hours per cubic metre

m metre

m3 cubic metre

m3/day cubic metre per day

nr/km/year number per kilometer per year

% per cent

TZS Tanzania Shillings

Water Utilities Performance Report for 2013/2014v

DEFINITIONS OF KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS

NO. INDICATOR DEFINITION UNIT

WATER SUPPLY

1 Accounts receivable Th is is the money owed to water utilities by their customers expressed as the average duration in months the customers take to pay their bills. It is calculated by taking the total accounts receivable during the year divided by the total water and sewerage sales (bills) multiplied by 12.

months

2 Administration costs per m3 of water produced.

Total Administration costs (TZS) / total amount of water produced (m3).

TZS/m3

3 Average hours of supply. Are the hours per day a consumer can draw drinking water from the tap at his household connection or the public stand post. Th e best practice is 24 hours.

Hours

4 Energy consumption Energy consumption during the assessment period / Total amount of water produced (m3).

kWh/m3

5 Mains failures Number of mains (a pipe of diameter 2) failures leading into service interruption in a year / total mains length.

nr/km/year

6 Metering Ratio Th e percentage of number of water connections that have operating water meters to the total number of active water connections.

(%)

7 Number of public water kiosks

Total number of active water kiosks at the end of the fi nancial year.

Number

8 Non-Revenue Water (NRW)

Is the amount of water that a water utility produces (or purchases from other utilities) minus the amount that is sold to consumers, presented as a percentage of water produced and/or purchased. Th e recommended value is less than 20%.

(%)

9 Operating Ratio Ratio of operating costs to operating revenues. Operational costs include all the expenses together with depreciation and interests costs (but no debt service payments). Sound fi nancial management requires that this ratio should be less than 1.

Ratio

10 Overall Effi ciency Indicator (OEI)

Is given as actual collection expressed as a percentage of the value of total water production. OEI= Collection Effi ciency x (1-NRW)

(%)

11 Personnel expenditure per m3 of water produced.

Is the ratio of total personnel expenditures (TZS) to the total amount of water produced (m3)

TZS/m3

12 Personnel expenditure as % of current collection from water and sewerage bills

Total personnel expenditures (TZS) expressed as a percentage of the total collection from current water and sewerage bills plus collections from other water and sewerage related services (excluding grants and subsidies).

(%)

13 Personnel/1000 (W&S) connections

Th is indicator measures the staffi ng level and is calculated as the ratio of total personnel to total water and sewerage connections.

personnel/ 1000 Connections

14 Proportion of population living within the area with water network

Th e proportion of population living within the area with water network expressed as a percentage. It is obtained by dividing the population living within 200 meters from the water distribution pipe by the total population living in the service area.

(%)

Water Utilities Performance Report for 2013/2014 vi

NO. INDICATOR DEFINITION UNIT

15 Proportion of population served with water

Is the percentage of population served to the total population living in the service area. Th e population served is arrived at by adding the following; (i) the number of domestic connections multiplied by the average members using that connection. (ii) the number of public stand posts and/or kiosks is multiplied by the average number of the population served by public stand posts and/or kiosks (iii) the population living in residential institutions, industrial and commercial complexes.

(%)

16 Revenue Collection Effi ciency

Th is indicator measures the ratio of collection to the billings during the year calculated as the Amount of Revenues Collected /Amount Billed x 100.

(%)

17 Revenue per staff per year

Total Revenue per year / total number of staff . TZS/Staff

18 Treated water storage capacity

Total capacity of treated water storage (private storage tanks excluded) / average daily consumption x 24hours.

Hours

19 Working Ratio Th is is the ratio of operational expenses / operational revenue. Th e operational expenses do not include depreciation, interest and debt service. Sound fi nancial management requires that this ratio should be well below 1.

Ratio

20 Water Mains rehabilitation

Length of mains (a pipe of diameter 2) rehabilitated during the year / total length of mains x 100.

(%)

21 Water service connections rehabilitation

Number of service connections replaced or rehabilitated during the year / total number of connections x 100.

(%)

22 Water quality compliance Th is indicator measures the % of the water samples that pass particular water quality tests for potability = Total Number of Samples Passed / Total Number of Samples Tested x 100.

(%)

SEWERAGE

23 Proportion of population connected to the sewerage service

Is the percentage of population served with sewerage service to the total population living in the service area. Th e population served is arrived at by adding the following; (i) the number of domestic sewerage connections multiplied by the average members using that connection. (ii) the number of people living in residential institutions, industrial and commercial complexes that are connected with sewerage services.

(%)

24 Sewer blockages Number of sewer blockages in a year / total length of sewer network.

nr/km of sewers/year

25 Wastewater quality compliance

Th is indicator measures the % of the sewerage effl uent samples that pass particular quality tests as per Tanzanian sewage quality standards: Total Number of Samples Passed / Total Number of Samples Tested).

(%)

Water Utilities Performance Report for 2013/2014vii

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Th is is the sixth water utilities performance review report to be prepared by EWURA since 2008/09. Unlike the previous fi ve reports in which the performance of 23 Regional WSSAs and DAWASCO were discussed, the 2013/14 report constitutes the performance analysis and benchmarking of 23 Regional WSSAs , DAWASCO and eight (8) National Project WSSAs namely Chalinze Water Supply and Sanitation Authority (CHALIWASA), Handeni Trunk Main (HTM), Kahama-Shinyanga Water Supply Authority (KASHWASA), Makonde WSSA, Maswa WSSA, Mugango Kiabakari WSSA, Wangingombe WSSA and Masasi-Nachingwea Water Supply and Sanitation Authority (MANAWASA). Previously, the performance of NP WSSAs was included in the reports which also covered the performance of District and Small Towns (DST) WSSAs.

Preparation of this report involved collection, compilation, analysis and verifi cation of data and information that were submitted by the Regional WSSAs, DAWASCO and National Project WSSAs through monthly MajIs reports, annual performance reports, draft fi nancial statements as wells as other reports submitted to EWURA in compliance with regulatory directives.

Th e report shows that most Regional and National Project WSSAs as well as DAWASCO have shown improvement in metering ratio, number of water and sewerage connections, revenue collection and staff per 1000 connections. Further, Regional WSSAs improved in personnel costs as percentage of revenue collection and working ratio. Th e report also shows that the overall average service hours have declined as a result of insuffi cient water production. Further, Non-Revenue Water (NRW) has continued to be a challenge facing all Regional WSSAs and DAWASCO as none of the utilities has managed to achieve the recommended best practice of 20% or less.

Th e report also shows the results of the performance assessment and ranking for Regional WSSAs based on Performance Benchmarking Guidelines of 2014. Tanga WSSA has emerged the best overall performer in the provision of water supply services and Bariadi is the least overall performer. It was further observed that best performing utility in achieving performance targets and complying with reporting requirements (utility ranking) was Dodoma WSSA and the least performer in this category is Bariadi WSSA. Moshi WSSA is the best performer for both overall and utility ranking categories in the provision of sewerage services. On the other hand, Tabora WSSA emerged as the least overall performer in provision of sewerage services and Arusha emerged the least performer in utility ranking for sewerage services. National Projects WSSAs have not been ranked due to diversity in context information of individual WSSAs.

Finally, the report shows that determination of future water sources, unsatisfactory performance in NRW reduction and reliability and accuracy of data submitted as key issues to be addressed. Th e corresponding recommendations and responsible institutions for addressing key issues are also provided.

Water Utilities Performance Report for 2013/2014 viii

PERFORMANCE HIGHLIGHTS

(a) REGIONAL WSSAs and DAWASCO Th is section provides an overview of performance of Regional WSSAs and DAWASCO in the light of

selected technical, business, commercial and fi nancial performance indicators. Th e discussion intends to provide a summary of the performance of Regional WSSAs and DAWASCO over the past three years (2011/12 to 2013/14).

i. Insuffi cient Water Production Over the three years period, total water

production for Regional WSSAs increased by 10% from 123.06 million m3 in 2011/12 to 135.77million m3 in 2013/14.

On the other hand, DAWASCOs water production has been fl uctuating over the three years period. It is also worth noting that Regional WSSAs water production has been ranging between 56% and 60% of the water demand while DAWASCOs water production over the same period has been ranging between 48% and 50% of the water demand.

ii. Water service coverage Population

directly served Population directly served with water for

Regional WSSAs has been decreasing over the past three years. Th e overall decrease is a result of the review of population data based on population census of 2012. Over the same period, the proportion of population directly served with water in DAWASCO operational area has been fl uctuating. DAWASCOs coverage increase during 2013/14 is a result of review of data used to compute coverage by including population served by community schemes.

Population living in area with Water Network Population living in area with water network

has also experienced a decreasing trend over the three years period. Th is indicator was aff ected by the revision of population data. In the DAWASCOs service area, the proportion of population living in area with water network has been revised to include population covered by community schemes. Population living in area with water network for Regional WSSAs decreased from 83.7% in 2012/13 to 76.3% in 2013/14 while for DAWASCO it decreased from 67.5% to 57.6% during the same period.

Water Utilities Performance Report for 2013/2014ix

iii. Metering Ratio During the reporting period, metering ratio

for Regional WSSAs increased from 83.2% reported in 2011/12 to 97.8% in 2013/14. For DAWASCO, metering ratio showed a fl uctuating trend by increasing from 81.9% in 2011/12 to 93.6% in 2012/13 and decreasing to 90.2% in 2013/14. During the period under review the decrease in metering ratio for DAWASCO was due to re-activation of dormant connections without metering.

iv. High Non-Revenue Water (NRW) Generally, Non-Revenue Water (%) is still high

compared to the recommended best practice of at most 20%. For regional WSSAs there has been a fl uctuating trend whereby NRW slightly decreased from 36.3% in 2011/12 to 35.6% in 2012/13 and thereafter, increased to 36.2% in 2013/14. For DAWASCO, NRW escalated from 49.8% in 2011/12 to 57.4% in 2013/14. So far, none of the water utilities has been able to reduce NRW to the recommended limit of 20%.

v. Service Hours Overall average service hours for Regional

WSSA have decreased from 16 in 2011/12 to 14.9 in 2012/13 and thereafter increased to 15.5 in 2013/14. Average hours of service in DAWASCOs service area remained at 8 hours since 2011/12.

vi. Increasing Water Connections Th e total number of water connections for

Regional WSSAs has increased from 301,365 in 2011/12 to 345,583 in 2013/14 which is equivalent to a 15% increase over the three years period.

For DAWASCO, the trend of the total water connections has been fl uctuating by decreasing from 132,088 in 2011/12 to 130,964 in 2012/13 and thereafter increasing to 138,680 in 2013/14. DAWASCO clarifi ed that during 2012/13 they removed from their database customers who had no water services.

Water Utilities Performance Report for 2013/2014 x

vii. Increasing Sewerage Connections Only 10 Regional WSSAs provide sewerage

services. Th e corresponding total number of sewerage connections has been increasing over three years reaching 23,320 in 2013/14 from 20,974 recorded in 2011/12 which is equivalent to 11% increase over the three years period. . On the other hand, DAWASCOs total number of sewerage connections was reported to increase from 18,568 in 2011/12 to 23,771 in 2013/14 which is approximately an average increase of 28% over the three years period.

viii. Improving Staff Productivity For Regional WSSAs, Staff per 1000 total

water and sewerage connections improved from an overall average of 7.9 in 2011/12 to 6.3 in 2013/14. For DAWASCO, staff per 1000 total water and sewerage connections worsened to 6.4 in 2012/13 from 5.8 in 2011/12 but improved to 5.7 in 2013/14. Th e improvement in this ratio for DAWASCO is attributed to increase number of water connections from 130,964 in 2012/13 to 138,680 in 2013/14.

ix. Increasing Average Water Tariff Over the past three years, average water tariff

increased from TZS 613.1/m3 in 2011/12 to TZS 738.7/m3 in 2013/14. For DAWASCO, the average customer tariff increased from TZS 850/m3 in 2011/12 to TZS 1,092.4/m3 in 2013/14.

x. Increasing Revenue Collection Th ere has been a continuous increase in

revenue collection from water supply and sewerage services over the past three years. For Regional WSSAs, revenue collection increased from TZS 52.05 billion in 2011/12 to TZS 80.76 billion in 2013/14 which is equivalent to a 55% increase. Similarly, DAWASCOs revenue collection increased by 30% from TZS 30.88 billion in 2011/12 to TZS 40.18 billion in 2013/14.

Water Utilities Performance Report for 2013/2014xi

xi. Improving Revenue Collection Effi ciency Revenue collection effi ciency for Regional

WSSAs has on average improved from 67.1% in 2011/12 to 90.2% in 2013/14 while for DAWASCO revenue collection effi ciency decreased from 78.3% in 2011/12 to 76.9% in 2012/13 and then improved to 95.5% in 2013/14.

xii. Low Overall Effi ciency Th e Overall Effi ciency Indicator (OEI)

compares the volume of water for which the utility collects revenue to the total volume it produces. For the Regional WSSAs, OEI has improved from 43.2% in 2011/12 to 57.3% during the reporting period. With regard to DAWASCO, there was a slight decrease in OEI from 39.4% in 2011/12 to 37.4% in 2012/13 but improved to 42.5% in 2013/14 as the performance of collection effi ciency increased. Th e recommended OEI should be more than 76% by considering NRW of 20% and collection effi ciency of 95%.

xiii. Improving Working Ratio Th is is a ratio of operational expenses to

operational revenue which signifi es the extent to which utilities have managed to cover operational expenses (excluding depreciation). For the past three years the performance in terms of working ratio has shown fl uctuating trend for Regional and increasing trend for DAWASCO. Regional WSSAs working ratio increased from 0.8 in 2011/12 to 1.1 in 2012/13 but improved to 0.9 in 2013/14.DAWASCOs working ratio has worsened from 1.1 in 2011/12 to 1.3 in 2013/14.

xiv. Deteriorating Operating Ratio Operating ratio measures the extent of cost

recovery of the water utilities. Operating ratio for Regional WSSAs increased from 1.2 in 2011/12 to 1.5 in 2012/13 but slightly improved to 1.2 in 2013/14. For DAWASCO, the operating ratio worsened from 1.1 in 2011/12 to 1.3 in 2013/14.

Water Utilities Performance Report for 2013/2014 xii

xv. DAWASCOs Compliance with Lease Performance Targets DAWASCO is operating under the Lease

Contract with DAWASA in which there are performance targets that are subject to fi nancial penalties in cases of non-compliance. Th e overall evaluation of DAWASCOs performance in compliance with the targets shows that DAWASCO complied with only 15 performance targets out of a total of 33 performance targets.

xvi. Compliance with Regulatory Directives and Requirements Regulatory directives and requirements that were evaluated during the reporting period include

reporting requirements, compliance with tariff conditions and compliance with the targets set on MoU between Regional WSSAs and the Ministry of Water.

Reporting obligations: It is the obligation of all utilities to submit their monthly reports electronically through a web-based software called MajIs by the 15th day of the following reporting month. Th ree (3) utilities did not submit all their monthly MajIs report on time and these are Bariadi, Geita and DAWASCO. Songea WSSA managed to submit all monthly MajIs reports on time. Furthermore, utilities were required to submit draft Annual Reports and draft Financial Statements as of 30th September, 2014. Only three (3) Regional WSSAs did not manage to timely submit both of their draft technical and fi nancial reports; these are Mtwara, Lindi and Bariadi WSSAs.

Tariff conditions compliance: Tariff approvals were accompanied by conditions which were supposed to be fulfi lled by the water utilities. A total of 58 conditions ought to have been complied with by the utilities during the reported period. However, the average compliance to the tariff conditions were evaluated to be 70% having improved from 59.4% achieved in 2012/13. Low scores were mainly attributed to the late submission of the reports and delay in executing investment projects earmarked for implementation using own funds.

Water Utilities Performance Report for 2013/2014xiii

(b) NATIONAL PROJECT WSSAs Th is section provides an overview of performance of National Projects WSSAs in the light of selected

technical, business, commercial and fi nancial performance indicators. Th e discussion intends to provide a summary of the performance of National Projects WSSAs when compared with the previous year 2012/13 and, depending on data availability; a three year trend from 2011/12 to 2013/14 is discussed.

i. Insuffi cient Water Production Over the three years period, total water production for National Project WSSAs increased from 14.98

million m3 in 2011/12 to 18.33million m3 in 2013/14. While the increase in water production over the same period has been only 22%, the corresponding increase in water demand has been 29%. In addition, over the same period, production to demand ratio has never exceeded 51%.

ii. Decreasing water service coverage Population directly served Population directly served with water for National Projects WSSAs decreased from an average of 49.9%

in 2012/13 to 42.8% in 2013/14. Th e overall decrease for population directly served for 2013/14 is a result of, among other things, the review of population data. During the reporting period, coverage fi gures have been computed based on the data from the 2012 population and housing census published by the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS). Review of population data has aff ected most of the WSSAs which reduced their coverage fi gures reported in 2013/14.

Population living in area with Water Network Population living in area with water network has observed an increase from 69.4% in 2012/13 to 71.2%

in 2013/14. Similarly, this indicator was aff ected by the revised population data in accordance to the population census of 2012. Also the new National Project WSSA of MANAWASA has contributed to the overall increase in population living in the area with water network.

Water Utilities Performance Report for 2013/2014 xiv

iii. Metering Ratio During the reporting period, metering ratio

for National Project WSSAs based on the active water connections was 59.5% which is an increase from 33.4% reported in 2012/13. However in 2012/13 and 2013/14, the metering ratio has been computed based on the active water connections while in 2011/12 the computation was based on total connections.

Th is was due to observation made by the water utilities that most of the inactive water customers remain un-operational for more than a year and whenever they become active, they are usually metered. In view of the foregoing, the average metering ratio for National Water Project WSSAs increased as observed.

iv. High Non-Revenue Water (NRW) Generally, Non-Revenue Water (%) is still

high compared to the recommended best practice of at most 20%. For National Project WSSAs, there has been a fl uctuating trend whereby NRW has increased from 46.9% in 2011/12 to 49.2% in 2012/13 and thereafter slightly decreased to 45.8% in 2013/14. So far, none of the water utilities has been able to reduce NRW to the recommended limit of 20%.

v. Service Hours Th ere has been a fl uctuating trend in service

hours for National Project WSSAs over the past three years. Overall average service hours have increased from 14.0 reported in 2011/12 to 16.6 in 2012/13 and thereafter decreased to 15.5 in 2013/14. Nevertheless, KASHWASA, Chalinze and MANAWASA reported more than 20 hours of water service availability.

Water Utilities Performance Report for 2013/2014xv

vi. Increasing Water Connections Th ere has been an increasing trend whereby

total number of water connections for National Project WSSAs increased from 11,405 in 2011/12 to 13,294 in 2012/13 an increased further to 16,995 in 2013/14. Overall the total number of water connections for National Project WSSAs has increased from 11,405 in 2011/12 to 16,995 in 2013/14 which is equivalent to a 49% increase over the three years period.

vii. Improving Staff Productivity For National Project WSSAs, Staff per 1000

total water connections improved from an overall average of 39.2 in 2011/12 to 31.9 in 2013/14. Th e decrease in this ratio for National Project WSSAs is attributed to the higher increase in number of water connections from 11,405 in 2011/12 to 16,995 in 2013/14 as compared to an increase in number of staff from 486 in 2011/12 to 561 in 2013/14.

viii. Increasing Revenue Collection Th ere has been a continuous increase in

revenue collection from water supply services over the past three years. For National Project WSSAs, revenue collection increased from TZS 3.34 billion in 2011/12 to TZS 5.32 billion in 2013/14 which is equivalent to a 59% increase. Th is increase is also attributed by the high increase in customer base from 11,405 in 2011/12 to 16,995 in 2013/14 which is equivalent to a 49% increase over the three years period.

Water Utilities Performance Report for 2013/2014 xvi

ix. Revenue Collection Effi ciency Revenue collection effi ciency for National

Project WSSAs, has shown a fl uctuating trend decreasing from 81.7% in 2011/12 to 79.6% in 2012/13 and thereafter increasing to 92.4% in 2013/14.

Water Utilities Performance Report for 2013/20141

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

Water Utilities Performance Report 2013/14: Regional and National Project (NP) Water Utilities and Dar es Salaam Water and Sewerage Corporation (DAWASCO) provides performance analysis of 23 Regional Water Supply and Sanitation Authorities (WSSAs), eight NP WSSAs and DAWASCO. Th e main objective of this report is to reveal the overall and individual performance of Regional and National Project WSSAs and DAWASCO during the fi nancial year 2013/14 as compared to the previous two fi nancial years of 2012/13 and 2011/12.

Th is is the sixth report to be issued by EWURA on the performance of water utilities. Unlike the previous fi ve reports which included the performance of 23 Regional WSSAs and DAWASCO, the 2013/14 report has included the performance analysis and ranking of eight NP WSSAs namely Chalinze Water Supply and Sanitation Authority (CHALIWASA), Handeni Trunk Main (HTM), Kahama Shinyanga Water Supply Authority (KASHWASA), Makonde, Maswa, Mugango Kiabakari Wangingombe and Masasi Nachingwea Water Supply and Sanitation Authority (MANAWASA). Previously, the performance of NP WSSAs was included in the reports which also covered the performance of District and Small Towns (DST) WSSAs. While the service areas of DST WSSAs are within administrative boundaries of one Local Government Authority (LGA), the service areas of NP WSSAs may include administrative boundaries of more than one LGA. Further, some of the NP WSSAs supply bulk water to DST WSSAs. Furthermore, DST WSSAs report to the PMO- RALG while NP WSSAs and Regional WSSAs report to the Ministry of Water. Th erefore, in view of their scale and nature of operation and reporting structure, the performance analysis of National Project WSSAs has been included in the 2013/14 performance report for WSSAs operating at Regional Headquarters.

Th is report ranks the achievement of Regional and NP WSSAs and DAWASCO by considering various performance indicators derived from technical, commercial and fi nancial data for each WSSA. With reference to the EWURA Performance Benchmarking Guidelines for Water Supply Sanitation Authorities (2014) the report ranks the WSSAs performance in provision of water and sanitation services. Towards the end, the report provides key observations and recommendations in view of improving water and sanitation services. Appended to this report are the performance profi les of each of the 23 Regional WSSAs, eight NP WSSAs and DAWASCO, key performance data indicators, status of implementation of regulatory obligations and performance scores and ranking for 2013/14.

1.2 Description of Utilities

Th e Regional and NP WSSAs were established under the Water Supply and Sanitation Act (2009) and are responsible for provision of Water and Sanitation Services in their designated areas according to the licences issued by EWURA. Distinctively, Dar es Salaam Water and Sewerage Authority (DAWASA) was established by the DAWASA Act, Cap. 273. DAWASA is the owner of the assets for water supply and sewerage services in DAWASA designated area which include Dar es Salaam region and part of Kibaha and Bagamoyo Districts. It is responsible for planning, procurement and implementation of strategic capital works. DAWASCO is a public corporation responsible for providing water supply and sewerage services in the DAWASA designated area through a lease contract.

Regional WSSAs, DAWASA and DAWASCO possess Water Supply and Sewerage Licenses issued by EWURA. In addition, the Ministry of Water has graded Regional WSSAs into four categories, namely Category AA, A, B and C on the basis of their fi nancial capabilities. Table 1: List of Utilities included in the Report1 below provides a list of water utilities discussed in this report.

Water Utilities Performance Report for 2013/2014 2

Table 1: List of Utilities included in the ReportSN Name of Utility Category Services Provided SN Name of

UtilityCategory Services Provided

Regional WSSAs and DAWASCO1 Arusha A Water and Sewerage 13 Tabora A Water and Sewerage

2 DAWASCO A Water and Sewerage 14 Tanga A Water and Sewerage

3 Dodoma A Water and Sewerage 15 Bukoba B Water

4 Iringa A Water and Sewerage 16 Kigoma B Water

5 Mbeya A Water and Sewerage 17 Singida B Water

6 Morogoro A Water and Sewerage 18 Sumbawanga B Water

7 Moshi A Water and Sewerage 19 Babati C Water

8 Mtwara A Water 20 Lindi C Water9 Musoma A Water 21 Bariadi C Water10 Mwanza A Water and Sewerage 22 Geita C Water

11 Shinyanga A Water 23 Mpanda C Water12 Songea A Water and Sewerage 24 Njombe C Water

National Project WSSAs1 Chalinze C Water 5 Maswa C Water2 Handeni Trunk

MainC Water 6 Mugango -

KiabakariC Water

3 KASHWASA C Water 7 Wangingombe C Water4 Makonde C Water 8 MANAWASA C

Key to Category:Category AA: Water utilities with water service coverage of more than 85% and meet operation, maintenance

costs, depreciation and return on investmentCategory A: Water utilities with water service coverage of more than 75% and meet all operation,

maintenance costs and depreciation.Category B: Water utilities with water service coverage of more than 65% and meet all operation and

maintenance costs.Category C: Water utilities with water service coverage of less than 65% and meet operation and maintenance

costs except part of plant electricity costs as shall be determined in the Memorandum of Understanding.

1.3 Methodology

Preparation of this report involved a process of collection, compilation, analysis and verifi cation of technical, commercial and fi nancial data from Regional and National Project WSSAs and DAWASCO. Th e data and information were obtained from monthly MajIs reports, quarterly progress reports, annual performance reports and draft fi nancial statements.


Th e validity of the data and information used to prepare this report was checked through the following process:

a) Verifying the submitted data and information based on the data and information obtained from regular inspection;

b) Seeking clarifi cation from utilities in cases where the data showed unusual trends as compared to previous reports or where the data or information seemed to be unrealistic, inconsistent or outright incorrect; and

c) Inviting all Managing Directors/CEOs of Regional and NP WSSAs, DAWASA and DAWASCO for a face to face workshop to discuss and confi rm the data and information received prior to publication.

2.0 TECHNICAL OPERATIONS FOR REGIONAL WSSAs AND DAWASCO

Th is section comprises of technical analysis of the entire cycle of water and sewerage operations of the utilities from water abstraction to sewerage disposal.

2.1 Water Abstraction

Regional WSSAs abstracted water from boreholes, springs, dams, lakes and rivers. In 2013/14, the total water abstraction from these major sources amounted to 139 million m3 which is an increase of about 5% from 133 million m3 abstracted in 2012/13 as shown in Appendix 2; Tables A2.1 (a) and A2.1 (b). Generally, there has been an increasing trend in the amount of water abstracted over the past three years. Most regional utilities have reported an increase in water abstraction mainly due to the completion of water projects which were on-going in various WSSAs, mainly under Water Sector Development Programme.

During the reporting period, there was an increase in the amount of water abstraction from all types of water sources except spring source which decreased from 29.30 Million m3 to 23.63 Million m3 for 2012/13 and 2013/14 respectively. On the other hand , there has been an increase in the amount of water abstracted from boreholes and rivers which increased by 4.14% and 5.21%, respectively. However, abstraction from the lakes continued to be the main source of water supply in the Regional WSSAs, followed by boreholes and dams.

a) Th e highest amount of water abstraction in all the Regional WSSAs was reported by Mwanza WSSA, while the lowest was reported by Geita WSSA.

b) Mwanza WSSA reported the highest increase in the amount of water abstraction in 2013/14, while Iringa WSSA reported the highest decrease. Th e decrease in water abstraction for Iringa WSSA was due to an implementation of water demand management. During the day water produced and not consumed is stored in water reserviors and during the night water production is stopped.

c) During the period under review, DAWASCO abstracted 96.38 million m3 of water from its sources which is a decrease of 4.4% compared to the previous year (i.e. 100.76 million m3). DAWASCO continued to depend on Ruvu River as its main water source, which contributes about 96% of its total water abstraction. Details of the DAWASCOs water abstraction volumes and the three years trends are presented in Appendix 2: Table A2.1b.

Figure 1: Water abstraction from diff erent sources


2.2 Installed Water Production Capacities

By the end of the reporting period June 2014, fi nancial year 2013/14, the total installed water production capacity for the 23 Regional WSSAs was 211 million m3. Th is is a slight increase of about 3.14% in the overall installed capacity compared to that reported in 2012/13. Th e detailed trend of installed water production capacities for all the WSSAs is shown in Appendix 2: Table A2.2.

a) During the reporting period, Mtwara, Lindi and Singida WSSAs reported a signifi cant increase in their installed water production capacities as compared to the year 2012/13. Increase in installed water production capacity was 41% for Mtwara WSSA, 154% for Lindi WSSA and 45% for Singida WSSA. Increase in installed capacity was also reported from Geita, Bariadi, and Musoma WSSAs. Th e increase was 19% for Geita, 11% for Bariadi and 14% for Musoma. Th is increase is related to the completion of WSDP water projects in the respective utilities which included improvement of water production infrastructure.

b) Th ere was no signifi cant decrease in installed water production capacity reported from WSSAs during the year under review.

c) DAWASCO total installed water production capacity increased from 102.1million m3 to 109.50 million m3 in fi nancial year 2012/13 and 2013/14 respectively.

2.3 Water Production

Th e total volume of water produced by the Regional WSSAs has continued to increase over the past three years as detailed in Appendix 2: Table A2.2. Water production by the Regional WSSAs increased by 7% from a total of 127 million m3 reported in 2012/13 to 136 million m3 during the reporting period.

DAWASCOs water production decreased by 8.24 million m3 during the year which is about 9% decrease of the previous years water production. Water production decrease was caused by the lower Ruvu plant shut down for maintenance of trunk main at Buma and Sunguvuni, and also to allow expansion project activities at the intake structure. Unstable power supply by TANESCO at both Lower and Upper Ruvu caused decrease in water production. Other reasons which caused a decrease of water production at Upper Ruvu were: plant shut down to allow trunk main rehabilitation at Tanita, Misugusugu and Ligoma, poor quality of raw water at the intake that caused abstraction to stop for several hours, frequent pump failures, and electrical shorts at Ruvu Darajani 33kV 2.5 MVA transformer. Water production at Mtoni plant was mainly aff ected by frequent power cuts. Figure 2 below gives a graphical presentation of the water production trend over the past three years for all the Regional WSSAs and DAWASCO.


a) Most of the Regional WSSAs and DAWASCO reported an increase in water production. Th e highest increase in volume of water produced for Regional WSSAs was reported by Mwanza WSSA which contributed 28% of the total increase in water production by the Regional WSSAs. An increase in water production by Mwanza WSSA is reported to be mainly due to eff ective utilitization of the available installed water production capacity to meet the citys water demand.

b) Lindi WSSA had the highest percentage increased of water production when compared to the previous year. It had 139% increase in production, this was attributed to the construction of one borehole at Sinde and rehabilitation of three boreholes at Kiyunda under WSDP.

c) Other utilities which have substantially increased their water production during the reporting period (their percentage increase in brackets) include WSSAs of Singida (94%), Babati (27%), Mtwara (34%), Bariadi (24%), and Morogoro (22%). Th e increase in water production in the utilities was mainly due to completed water projects. Under WSDP

It is worth noting that although there is an overall increase in water production during the reporting period, some utilities reported a decrease in water production. Mpanda WSSA recorded a signifi cant decrease of 29% of its water production when compared to the previous year. Th e decrease in water production for Mpanda WSSA was due to shortage of electricity power supply and failure of pumps.

a) Other utilities which recorded decrease in the volume of water produced in 2013/14 include Iringa, Tanga and Musoma WSSAs. Th e decrease in water production by Iringa WSSA was due to implementation of water demand management whereby Non Revenue Waterwas decreased from 45% to 31%. During the day water produced but not consumed is stored in water reserviors and in the night production is stopped. For Tanga WSSA, there was a strategy to improve water demand management by installation of Variable Speed Drives (VSD) at Mabayani Raw water pumping stations of which the speed of pumping system and water fl ow are varied and set at optimal operating speed to cope with water demand and energy saving. However, the decrease of water production in the aforementioned utilities is insignifi cant when compared to their annual volume of water production.

b) DAWASCO continued to depend mainly on its Lower Ruvu source. Table 2 shows the three years trend of DAWASCOs water production from its four production plants. It is worth noting that during the year under review, DAWASCO has increased the volume of its water production despite the fact that the installed water production capacity is almost the same as in the previous year.

Figure 2: Annual Water Production Trend


Table 2: DAWASCOs Water Production

Source

Annual Water Production (Million m3/year)

2011/12 2012/13 2013/14

Lower Ruvu 62.73 66.27 63.08Upper Ruvu 23 23.83 23.48Mtoni 1.93 2.18 1.42Boreholes 1.83 1.83 1.68TOTAL 89.5 94.11 89.67

2.4 Water Demand

During the year 2013/14, the total water demand for 23 Regional WSSAs was 227.33 million m3. Th e detailed trend for the WSSAs water demand is as presented in Appendix 2: Table A2.2.

a) Th e total water demand for the Regional WSSAs is estimated to have increased by 0.3% when compared to the previous years water demand. Th irteen (13) Regional WSSAs have revised their water demand data at a rate between 0.6% and 3.9% to be consistent with the population census data in their respective service area.

b) Mwanza, Tanga, Kigoma, Singida, and Lindi WSSAs had decreased demand data for the reporting year at a rate between 0.5% and 6.3% to be consistent with the population in their respective service area.

c) During the reporting year, DAWASCO reported an annual water demand of 188.2 million m3, which decreased from 189.8 million m3 reported in the previous year.

2.4.1 Comparison of Water Demand, Installed Capacity and Water Production

Water demands in most of the Regional WSSAs and DAWASCO surpass their installed water production capacity as well as their actual water production. Also, neither of the Regional WSSAs nor DAWASCO has been able to fully utilize the available water production capacity. Also none of the utility has been able to fully satisfy the water demand of their respective service areas during the reporting year. Th e total water produced by the Regional WSSAs was enough to cater for only 59% of the total water demand, whereby only 64% of the total installed water production capacity was utilized. Even if the total installed water production capacity could have been fully utilized by the Regional WSSAs, it could only be able to cater for 93% of the total water demand.

For the case of DAWASCO, a similar trend was observed. About 78% of the installed water production capacity was utilized by DAWASCO, which was suffi cient to cater for only 48% of the water demand. Th ese observations show that Regional WSSAs as well as DAWASCO need to have appropriate investment, and monitoring the use of water infrastructure. Figure 3 below gives a graphical presentation of the comparison between the water production, demand and installed water production capacity for the Regional WSSAs and DAWASCO.


a) Installed water production capacity for Mbeya, Tanga, Iringa, Shinyanga, Bukoba, Mwanza, Singida, Lindi and Babati WSSAs is higher than their water demand. Th ese utilities need to focus on network expansion in order to utilize the available capacities.

b) Shinyanga WSSAs installed water production capacity has included the total production capacity from its own water source (the Ninghwa dam) and the bulk water purchase from the Kahama-Shinyanga Water Supply Authority (KASHWASA).

2.5 Utilization of Water Supply Networks

Water supply network utilization is assessed in terms of number of connections in a kilometer length of the distribution network. During the reporting period, Regional WSSAs had an average of 53 water connections in a kilometer length of the water network, a slight increase from an average of 52 connections per kilometer reported in 2012/13. For DAWASCO, the average water connections density decreased from 50 connections per kilometer reported in 2012/13 to 49 connections per kilometer in 2013/14. Th e detailed trends of water connection density for Regional WSSAs and DAWASCO are presented in Appendix 2: Table A2.3 and illustrated in Figure 4 below.

Figure 3: Comparison of Water Demand, Installed Capacity and Water Production


a) Arusha WSSA continued to have the highest water connection density in a kilometer of the water distribution network with 130 connections per kilometer of water distribution network. Meanwhile, Lindi WSSA remained with the lowest reported water connections density of 16 connections per kilometre.

b) Th e signifi cant drop in water connections density that was observed in Njombe during 2013/14 was due to the substantial increase in water distribution network following implementation of the water supply improvement project in the area.

c) Njombe WSSA recorded the highest decrease in its water connection density from 77 to 52 connections per km, Geita WSSA had the highest increase from 24 to 30 connections per km. While the decrease observed in Njombe WSSA was due to an increase in length of the distribution network which was not proportion to the increase in new connections, the increase observed in Geita WSSA was due to substantial increase in number of water connections.

d) DAWASCO had its water connection density decreased from 49.7 connections per kilometer in 2012/13 to 49.4 connections per kilometer in 2013/14. Th is decrease is mainly due to an increase in network length by only 31 km with an unproportionally huge increase in number of water connections by 13,242 connections.

2.6 Water Mains Rehabilitation

Th is performance indicator has always been reported with irregular trend and most WSSAs have been reporting very low water mains rehabilitation. Th e major reason for this is that the water mains rehabilitation requires huge amount of investment which most utilities cannot aff ord using their own fi nancial resources. Th erefore, in most cases, mains rehabilitation is only reported by those utilities with externally fi nanced water projects. During the reporting year, an average of only 1.1% of the total length of the water mains was rehabilitated by the Regional WSSAs. Previously, in 2012/13, Regional WSSAs rehabilitated 1.5% of the water mains. DAWASCO, on the other hand reported 0.2% of mains rehabilitation during the reporting year. In 2012/13, DAWASCO did not report any rehabilitation of its water mains. Th e detailed trends of the water mains rehabilitation over the past three years for Regional WSSAs and DAWASCO is as presented in Appendix 2: Table A2.19 and illustrated in Figure 5 below.

Figure 4: Number of Water Connection per Km Length of Distribution Pipeline


While most of the Regional WSSAs reported very low values of percentage of water mains rehabilitation, Tabora, Buloba, Iringa, Moshi, Morogoro, Lindi and Geita WSSAs recorded signifi cant values of water mains rehabilitation mainly due to the water supply projects that were implemented in those utilities.

2.7 Rehabilitation of Water Service Connection

During the reporting period, Regional WSSAs have reported a decrease in percentage of water service connections rehabilitated from 5.5% recorded in 2012/13 to 4.1%. Meanwhile, DAWASCO reported to have rehabilitated 9.2% of its water service connections during the reporting period, slightly decreasing from 10.9% reported in 2012/13. It was reported that most of the water service connections rehabilitation was done by the respective utilities aimed at replacing poor quality pipes that were used by customers to connect water to their premises. Th e details of rehabilitation of the water service connections over the past three years for Regional WSSAs and DAWASCO are shown in Appendix 2: Table A2.19 and illustrated in Figure 6 below.

Figure 5: Water Mains Rehabilitation


a) While most of the Regional WSSAs did not implement any water service connections rehabilitation, Morogoro, Iringa, Mtwara, Tabora, Singida, and Lindi WSSAs have recorded signifi cant high water service connections rehabilitation during the reporting period. Most of the reported rehabilitations were part of the implementation of water supply projects in these areas.

b) Th e rehabilitation of the water service connections done by DAWASCO was implemented as part of its operational activities funded internally.

2.8 Non-Revenue Water (NRW)

Discussion in this section is in three-fold considering Non-Revenue Water (NRW) computed as percentage of water production, NRW computed as volume of water lost per kilometer of pipe network per day and NRW computed as volume of water lost per water connection per day. Th e results of the computations are presented in Appendix 2: Table A2.4.

NRW as a Percentage of Water Production (%)

In this section NRW is assessed as the amount of water lost in percentage of water production. Th e MoU signed between the Ministry of Water and the Regional WSSA, requires the Regional WSSAs to aim at achieving the NRW target of 20% or below. None of the Regional WSSAs have been able to achieve that target for the past three years. During the reporting period, Regional WSSAs reported a slight increase on the average NRW from 35.6% reported in 2012/13 to 36.2%. DAWASCO, on the other hand they reported an unsatisfactory increasing trend for NRW, whereby NRW increased from 55.5% in 2012/13 to 57.4% in 2013/14. Th e lease contract signed between DAWASA and DAWASCO requires DAWASCO to achieve a NRW target of 30% in 2013/14. Figure 7 below gives the graphical illustration of NRW trend by the Regional WSSAs and DAWASCO during the past three years.

Figure 6: Water Service Connections Rehabilitation


a) Th e lowest NRW during the reporting period was 22.6% reported by Tanga WSSA. Previously in 2012/13, the lowest NRW was 22% which was reported by Shinyanga WSSA.

b) Th e highest NRW for Regional WSSAs during the reporting period was 50.13% reported by Bukoba WSSA. Previously in 2012/13, the highest NRW among the Regional WSSAs was 53% which was also reported by Bukoba WSSA. Th e main reason for high NRW in Bukoba is reported to be inaccuracy of customer meters.

c) Iringa WSSA reported the highest decrease in NRW during the reporting period which dropped from 46.5% in 2012/13 to 30.5% in 2013/14. Iringa WSSA has a metering ratio of 100%, thus the reported water consumption is based on good estimation and can represent the real situation. Also daily water demand management was practice whereby during the day water produced was in excess of the day time demand, the excess was stored in water tanks and in the night water production was stopped.

d) Singida WSSA has reported the highest increase in its NRW which reached 48.2%. Th e increase was caused by high pressure in the old water supply network which was the result of increase in water supply after completion of water supply improvement project that increase production by 94%.

e) It is worth commending the progressive improvement (decrease) of NRW over the three years period reported by Dodoma, Kigoma, Iringa, Moshi, Musoma, Songea, Tanga, Geita, Mpanda and Njombe WSSA. However, the NRW reported by Musoma, Geita, Mpanda and Njombe WSSA are mainly estimated, because not all of their customers are metered, and also not all water sources have been installed with bulk water meters.

f ) On the other hand, unsatisfactory trend of NRW over the three years period was observed in Mtwara, Arusha, Mbeya, Lindi, Mwanza, Shinyanga, Tabora, and Babati WSSAs.

g) DAWASCO continued to record NRW increase for the past three years. During the reporting year, DAWASCO reported an increase in its NRW from 55.5% reported in 2012/13 to 57.4% in 2013/14.

NRW in m3 of water lost per km per day

In this section NRW is assessed in terms of the amount of water lost in a kilometer length of the pipe network in one day (m3 lost/km/day). Th is indicator enables a fair comparison of the utilities NRW by taking into consideration the varying water production volumes and pipe network lengths; these are then factored in when assessing utilities achievements in managing the water losses. On average, during the reporting period

Figure 7: Non-Revenue Water (as percentage of water production)


Regional WSSAs have reported a weighted average daily amount of water lost in a kilometer of distribution network of 21.6 m3, which is a slight increase from 21.1m3 reported in 2012/13, whereas DAWASCO reported a decrease from 54.4m3 to 50.2 m3 during the same period as presented in Appendix 2: Table A2.4 and illustrated in Figure 8 below.

a) During the reporting period, Shinyanga WSSA had the lowest water loss of 4.7 m3 in a kilometer length of the distribution network per day. Previously in 2012/13, the lowest water loss per kilometer length per day of the distribution network was 3.8. Th is was reported by Lindi WSSA.

b) Other Regional WSSAs which reported very low water loss per kilometer length of the distribution network include Geita, Bariadi, Songea and Lindi WSSAs. But, these utilities also reported very low water production volumes, which may be the reason for their reported low water losses.

c) Arusha WSSA continued to have the highest NRW (m3 lost per km per day) which was 61.33m3 of water per day in a kilometer length of the distribution network. Previously in 2012/13, Arusha WSSA had the highest volume of 60.2 m3 of water lost per km per day.

d) Th e highest decrease of water loss per km per day during the reporting period was from 22.10 5m3 to 12.37 m3 as reported by Iringa WSSA; a decrease of about 10 m3 per km per day. But, again it should be noted that Iringa had a special program for reduction of NRW, , thus the decrease reported is mainly due to the project and not normal utilitys operation. Also daily water demand management was practiced whereby during the day water produced was in excess of the day time demand, the extra was stored in water tanks and in the night production was stopped.

e) Th e highest increase of water loss per km per day during the reporting period was from 15.90m3 to 33.47m3 as reported by Morogoro WSSA; an increase of about 18m3 of water loss per kilometer length of the distribution network.

f ) Th e increase in daily water loss per kilometer length of the water distribution network in DAWASCO is mainly due to the overall increase in NRW reportedly due to the inaccuracies of the water meters.

Figure 8: NRW in m3 lost per km per day


NRW in volume of water lost per connection per dayTh is indicator is intended to assess the amount of daily water loss in relation to the number of active water connections in the utility. During the reporting period, the Regional WSSA lost an average of 443 litres of water per connection in a day, increasing from 430 litres per connection per day reported in 2012/13. DAWASCO reported a decrease on the average daily water loss per connection from 1,170 litres in 2012/13 to 1,039 litres during the reporting period. Figure 9 below gives the graphical presentation of the water loss per connection per day for water utilities during the past three years.

a) For two years consecutively, Shinyanga WSSA has remained to be the utility with the lowest amount of daily water loss per connection among the Regional WSSAs by reporting 175 litres of daily water loss per connection in 2013/14. Previously, in 2012/13, Shinyanga WSSA had the lowest volume of 130 litres of daily water loss per connection.

b) Th e highest amount of daily water loss per connection among the Regional WSSAs was 810 litres which was reported by Tabora WSSA. In the previous year, Kigoma WSSA had the highest amount of daily water loss per connection of 770 litres among Regional WSSAs. Nevertheless, during the reporting period, Iringa WSSAs has made commendable eff orts to improve the situation which translated to be the WSSA with the highest decrease of 294 litres per connection per day among all Regional WSSAs.

c) DAWASCO had the highest daily water loss per connection among all utilities although it has decreased by 131 litres when compared to the previous years volume.

2.9 Adequacy of Water Storage Capacities

In this section the adequacy of the water storage capacities of the Regional WSSAs is assessed in terms of the duration (in hours) at which the available water storage will satisfy the current daily water demand. It is recommended that the storage capacity should be able to satisfy the daily demand for at least 7 hours. Th e weighted average storage capacities, expressed in hours of storage, for the Regional WSSAs in 2013/14 was computed to be 9.4 hours, this being the same as in 2012/13. DAWASCO had the same storage capacity, expressed in hours of storage of 3.9 hours in both fi nancial years 2012/13 and 2013/14. Th e detailed trend on the storage capacities for the Regional WSSAs and DAWASCO is presented on Appendix 2: Table A2.3 and illustrated in Figure 10 below.

Figure 9: NRW in volume of water lost per connection per day


a) During the reporting period, Singida WSSA has increased its total storage volume by 500m3 and achieved the highest storage capacity increase in terms of the duration (in hours) of 1.48 hours. Dodoma WSSA had the highest storage capacity of 35 hours and 34.98 hours for year 2012/13 and 2013/14 respectively.

b) On the other hand, Geita WSSA reported the lowest storage capacity of 0.6 hours and 0.63 hours for year 2012/13 and 2013/14 respectively.

c) It should be noted that 13 out of 23 the Regional WSSAs have not achieved the minimum recommended duration for the storage capacity of 7 hours. Th e high weighted average storage capacity duration for Regional WSSAs is mainly contributed by high storage capacity duration in Dodoma, Shinyanga, Singida, Iringa and Mbeya WSSAs.

d) DAWASCOs water storage capacity volume remained unchanged at 84,700m3 as it was in the previous year; meanwhile the daily water demand has increased from 496,000m3 in 2012/13 to 520,000m3 during the reporting period. Th is translates to 3.9 hours of storage capacity duration in 2013/14 decreasing from 4.1 hours reported in the previous year.

2.10 Utilization of Sewer Networks

Utilization of sewer networks is assessed by comparing the number of sewerage connections in a kilometer length of the sewer network. In 2013/14, the ten Regional WSSAs with sewerage networks had weighted average of 43 connections in a kilometer length of the sewer network which slightly decreased from 44 reported in 2012/13. Meanwhile, DAWASCO reported a decrease in sewerage connections density from 83 connections per kilometer reported in 2012/13 to 70 connections per kilometer. Appendix 2: Table A2.5 provides the detailed trend of this indicator for the past three years for the ten Regional WSSAs and DAWASCO. Th e trend is also illustrated in Figure 11 below.

Figure 10: Storage Capacities


a) A similar performance comparison in Regional WSSAs is observed during the reporting period as it was in the previous year, with Arusha WSSA having the largest number of sewerage connections per kilometer length of the sewer network and Mbeya WSSA having the lowest number.

b) A slight increase was observed in all the WSSAs except in Mwanza WSSAs and DAWASCO which reported a decrease in number of sewerage connections per kilometer length of the network. Th e two utilities have reported an extension of their sewerage network, while the number of sewerage connections did not increase signifi cantly.

c) Moshi WSSA has reported the highest increase in sewerage connections per kilometer of sewer network as a result of awareness campaign on sewer connection carried out in the town.

2.11 Performance of Sewer Networks

Performance comparison of sewer networks has been done by analyzing the frequency of sewer blockages in a kilometer length of the sewer network expressed as the number of blockages/km/year. On average, in 2013/14, the ten Regional WSSAs with sewerage systems reported an average of 12 sewer blockages in a kilometer length of the network. Previously, in 2012/13, the reported average was 15 sewer blockages per km of sewer network. DAWASCO reported slightly lower number of sewer blockages per kilometer length of 8.5 blockages compared to 9 blockages reported in 2012/13. Th e detailed trends of sewer blockages over the past three years for the ten Regional WSSAs and DAWASCO are presented in Appendix 2: Table A2.5 and illustrated in Figure 12 hereunder.

Figure 11: Number of sewerage connections per kilometer of sewer network


a) During the reporting period, Moshi and Mbeya WSSAs reported the highest and lowest number of sewer blockages respectively. Th e highest sewer blockages in Moshi WSSA was reported to be due to misuse of the sewerage system where, in some parts, solid waste is allowed to enter the system.

b) It is worth noting that Dodoma WSSA and DAWASCO, although having a signifi cant number of sewer connections in a kilometer length of sewer network, reported relatively few sewer blockages compared to other utilities.

c) During the year under review, DAWASCO reported a total of 2,247 sewer blockages, which translates to 8.5 blockages per kilometer length of the sewer network, about the same number of 9 blockages reported in 2012/13. DAWASCO explained that most of the sewer blockages that were reported during the reporting period were caused by manhole cover theft in most of the areas, as well as the destruction of the sewerage system by the on-going road construction activities along Morogoro and Kawawa roads.

2.12 Water Quality Monitoring

Water utilities are obliged to carry out regular water quality tests to ensure that water supplied comply with the Tanzanian Standards for potable water. Most of the Regional WSSAs contract the Regional Water Laboratories to conduct the water quality testing, while few of them test their water quality using their own laboratories. Th e most common tested parameters are E-coli, Turbidity, Residual Chlorine and pH. Th e recommended average compliance for the four parameters should be at least 98%.

Generally, for the past three years, most of the Regional WSSAs have reported to have satisfactorily complied with the water quality standards as set by TBS in most of the parameters as presented in Appendix 2: Table A2.6. Th e overall average compliance with the drinking water quality standards has decreased from 86% reported in 2012/13 to 83% during the reporting period. For DAWASCO, the average compliance increased from 94% in 2012/13 to 100% during the reporting period. Figure 13 below gives the graphical presentation of the average compliance with drinking water quality standards for the four water quality parameters.

Figure 12: Number of sewer blockages in a kilometer of sewer network


a) Of the new Regional WSSAs, Njombe WSSA was the only one which performs water quality testing over the past two years.

b) Increased compliance to water quality standards was reported by Morogoro, Shinyanga, Njombe, Iringa, Tanga, Musoma, Singida and Sumbawanga WSSAs, while decreased compliance was reported by Mtwara, Arusha, Lindi, Tabora, Mwanza, Babati and Bukoba. Th e rest of the utilities reported 100% compliance as it was during the previous year 2012/13.

c) During the year under review, DAWASCO reported an increased compliance with the water quality standards in terms of Turbidity and pH. Meanwhile, decreased compliance with Residual Chlorine Standards have been reported. On average, the overall water quality compliance as reported by DAWASCO has increased from the average compliance reported in 2012/13.

2.13 Wastewater Quality Monitoring

WSSAs are obliged to treat their wastewater effl uent discharge to meet the standards set by TBS. Except for Tanga WSSA, all other WSSAs with sewerage systems treat their wastewater by using the Waste Stabilization Ponds. Tanga WSSA discharges its wastewater directly into the Indian Ocean. Since its establishment, the sewerage treatment system for Tabora WSSA has never discharged any effl uent. Th is is due to the low usage of the system caused by the limited sewer network distribution. For this reason, Tabora WSSA does not conduct any wastewater effl uent quality testing.

For comparison of ten Regional WSSAs with sewerage systems, two wastewater quality parameters are considered, namely BOD5 and COD. Th e overall average compliance with both BOD5 and COD standards for eight Regional WSSAs was found to be 74.4%. Previously, in 2012/13, the average compliance with BOD5 and COD standards was 76.6%. For DAWASCO non-compliance was reported in both, the BOD5 and COD standards. Th e three years trend on the performance of the utilities in complying with the wastewater effl uent quality standards is presented in Appendix 2: Table A2.7 and illustrated in Figure 14 below.

Figure 13: Reported Water Quality Compliance


a) During the reporting period, Moshi WSSAs achieved 100% compliance with the wastewater effl uent quality and joined Mbeya, Songea and Dodoma WSSAs which maintained 100% compliance throughout the three years. Moshi WSSA reported that over the past two years the Utility embarked on de-sludging exercise of their anaerobic ponds.

b) Iringa WSSA reported 48% compliance with wastewater effl uent quality standards during the reporting period as it was in 2012/13. Th is is explained by Iringa WSSA to be due to non improvement of the performance of wetlands constructed downstream of the waste stabilization ponds.

c) For the past four years, Arusha WSSAs wastewater effl uents from the Waste Stabilization Ponds did not comply with the required standards. Th is was due to low capacity of the ponds to treat the increased infl ow volume of the wastewater and the high concentration of organic and inorganic matter in the waste water, some coming from the industries which do not pre-treat the waste water. Plans are underway to construct new wastewater treatment plants.

d) For the case of DAWASCO, a consistent failure of compliance with BOD5 and COD wastewater effl uent quality standards was reported. Th e main cause of non-compliance is reported to be due to inadequate digestion of the biomass and heavily loaded infl uents from industries and discharges from sewerage tankers.

2.14 Water and Wastewater Quality Monitoring by EWURA

During the reporting period, EWURA carried out independent drinking water and wastewater effl uent quality testing for all the Regional WSSAs except for the new Regional WSSAs of Bariadi, Njombe, Geita and Mpanda. Table A2.6a in Appendix 2 compares the results of drinking water and wastewater effl uent quality done by EWURA and those reported by the Regional WSSAs. Figure 2.15 shows the graphical presentation of the comparisons of the overall average compliance with the drinking water quality standard for the four water quality parameters, namely E-coli, pH, Residue Chlorine and Turbidity. Figure 15 shows the comparisons of the overall average compliance with the wastewater effl uent quality standard for the two parameters, namely COD and BOD5.

Figure 14: Waster effl uent quality compliance


a) EWURAresults were generally not in agreement with most of the WSSAs except for Mtwara WSSA. A signifi cant diff erence in average compliance with water quality standards was observed at Morogoro WSSA.

b) For the case of DAWASCO, the results showed that wastewater effl uent quality was not compliant to the standards. Meanwhile, the results for drinking water quality showed 100% compliance with all the four parameters of E-coli, Turbidity, pH and Residue Chlorine.

Figure 15: Comparison of WSSAs and EWURAs results on water quality

Figure 16: Comparison of WSSAs and EWURAs results on wastewater effl uent quality


EWURA observed similar results on both BOD5 and COD with the ones reported by Dodoma, Mbeya, Mwanza, Songea WSSAs and DAWASCO. Note that Arusha WSSA and DAWASCO had zero compliance with BOD5 and COD quality standards in accordance with EWURAs and their own results. Th ere were signifi cant variations from the reported results of the other WSSAs in one or both wastewater effl uent parameters.

3.0 BUSINESS AND COMMERCIAL OPERATIONS OF REGIONAL WSSAs and DAWASCO

In this section, an analysis of Regional WSSAs and DAWASCO in terms of their business and commercial operations is provided based on some key business and commercial performance indicators. Th e indicators include, water and sewerage service coverage, metering ratio, water and sewerage connections, complaints resolutions and revenue collection effi ciency.

3.1 Total Water connections

During 2013/14, the total number of water connections for Regional WSSAs reached 345,583 which is equivalent to an 8% increase as compared to 320,965 water connections reported in 2012/13. For DAWASCO, the number of water connections was reported to increase by 6%, from 130,964 connections in 2012/13 to 138,964 connections in 2013/14. Figure 17 below shows water connections trend for Regional WSSAs and DAWASCO while Appendix 2-Table A2.8 provides details of the same.

a) During 2013/14 all Regional WSSAs and DAWASCO increased their water connectionsb) Th e highest increase in the number of water connections was recorded by DAWASCO whose

connections increased by 7,716 followed by Mbeya and Mwanza WSSAs.c) Th e lowest increase in number of water connections was recorded by Geita WSSA whose connections

increased by 91 followed by Bariadi and Mpanda WSSAs.d) It can also be noted from Figure 18 below that most of the Regional WSSAs water supply customers

are in the domestic category (94.3% of the total water supply customers).

Figure 17: Th ree Year Trend for Total Water Connections


Similar to Regional WSSAs, domestic customers are the majority in DAWASCOs customer base. During 2013/14, the proportion of domestic customers to total customers for DAWASCO was reported to be 96%, which is similar to what was reported in 2012/13.

3.2 Water Kiosk Connections

Total number of water kiosks for Regional WSSAs increased from 2,021 in 2012/13 to 2,106 in 2013/14 which is equivalent to a 4% overall increase. Out of these, only 1,728 kiosks are operational. For DAWASCO, the total number of kiosks has been reported to be 205 out of which only 43 kiosks are operational. Figure 19 below shows three years trend on the number of water kiosks while details of the same are in Appendix 2 Table A2.8.

Figure 18: Composition of Water Supply Customers in Regional WSSAs

Figure 19: Water Kiosk Connections


a) Dodoma WSSA has the highest number of water kiosks while Njombe WSSA has the lowest.b) Water utilities with a high increase in water kiosks are Dodoma and DAWASCO. For Dodoma WSSA,

the increase in the number of kiosks was due to construction of water kiosks in the squatter areas of Kikuyu, Nzuguni, Chinyoya, Mapinduzi and Njedengwa while for DAWASCO some of the previously abandoned kiosks became operational after availability of water services.

c) Th ere was a notable decrease in the number of water kiosks in Tabora, Shinyanga, and Mwanza. It was clarifi ed that the number of water kiosks is decreasing in these utilities because in some areas customers have preferred private connections to public kiosks necessitating the closure of some public kiosks.

3.3 Metering Ratio

Water utilities performances on metering their customers were analyzed based on metered active water connections. In this regard, the weighted average metering ratio achieved by Regional WSSAs by the end of 2013/14 was 97.8%, while for DAWASCO, it was 90.2%. In comparison to 2012/13, metering ratio for Regional WSSAs was 96.6% while for DAWASCO was 93.6%. Table A2.9 in Appendix 2, and Figure 20 below gives more details of the three years trend of metering ratio.

a) Signifi cant improvements in metering ratio was observed in Singida and Bariadi WSSAs.b) During the reporting period, Morogoro, Mbeya and Singida WSSAs joined the group of the Regional

WSSAs with 100% metering ratio. c) Undesirably, metering ratio decreased in DAWASCO, Njombe and Geita WSSAs. DAWASCO

clarifi ed that during 2013/14, some of the customers in Kinondoni and Sinza A areas who were previously inactive due low water pressure became active after rehabilitation works in those areas. However, some of the water meters in the activated connections were found to be malfunctioning or stolen. DAWASCO activated the connections while in the process of installing new water meters. In Njombe and Geita WSSAs metering ratio decreased as these utilities connected new customers without water meters.

Figure 20: Metering Ratio


3.4 Sewerage Connections

During 2013/14, the total number of sewerage connections increased to 23,320 as compared to 22,055 connections in 2012/13. For DAWASCO, the number of sewerage connections has increased from 21,742 to 23,771. Th e detailed trends of sewerage connections for the 10 Regional WSSAs with sewerage services and DAWASCO are presented in Appendix 2: Table A2.11 and illustrated in Figure 21 below.

Generally, the annual increase in the number of sewerage connections is still low. However, the WSSAs of Morogoro, Mbeya, Moshi, Mwanza, Arusha and Dodoma managed to increase their number of sewerage connections by at least 100 each.

3.5 Water Service Coverage

Two indicators namely population directly served and population living in area with water network have been used to describe the performance of water utilities in terms of water service coverage. Th e analysis of the service coverage considered the results of the population and housing census that was conducted in 2012 and published by the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS).

Proportion of Population Directly Served with Water

For Regional WSSAs, the proportion of population directly served slightly decreased from 65.5% reported in 2012/13 to 63.9% in 2013/14. On the other hand, DAWASCO reported an increase in this indicator from 40.7% to 50.1% over the same period. Appendix 2: Table A2.10 provides details for this indicator over the past three years. An illustration of the same is provided in Figure 22 below.

Figure 21: Sewerage connections


It can be observed that Tabora, Morogoro, Babati, Singida, Lindi and Bariadi WSSAs reported a signifi cant decrease in the proportion of population directly served with water due to various reasons including extension of the boundaries of the service area by inclusion of peri-urban areas that were previously not part of the service area and customer surveys to establish the number of people that are directly served.

Th e increase observed for DAWASCO is attributed to the fact that DAWASCO improved their calculation of service coverage by including areas of Mapinga, Chambezi, Kitopeni, Sunguvuni, Mbegani and Changanyikeni which were not included in the previous calculations as well as the population served by community schemes.

Tanga WSSA has continued to have the highest coverage of population directly served while Geita WSSA has the lowest.

Proportion of Population Living in Area with Water Network

Regional WSSAs overall average of the proportion of population living in areas with water network decreased from 80.2% in 2012/13 to 78.7% in 2013/14. Over the same period, DAWASCO reported an increase in population living in area with water network from 44.9% to 57.6%. More details are provided in Appendix 2 Table A2.10 and Figure 23 below.

Figure 22: Proportion of population directly served with water


a) Moshi WSSA has reported that all the population in their service area lives in the area covered by water network. On the other hand, the population living in area with water network is less than 40% in Sumbawanga and Bariadi.

b) During the reporting period, the increase of 12.7% in this indicator which was reported by DAWASCO is the highest. It was clarifi ed that during the reporting period DAWASCO improved their calculation of this indicator by taking into consideration the population in the wards of Mapiga, Chambezi, Kitopeni, Shunguvuni and Mbegani (Bagamoyo Rural) that also covered by the water network but were not considered in the calculations of previous years.

c) Morogoro and Lindi WSSAs reported a decrease of more than 10% in proportion of population living in area with water network. Morogoro and Lindi WSSAs conducted a review of the data used to compute population living in area with water network in the previous years

Comparison of the service coverage indicatorsA comparison of the two service coverage indicators discussed above reveals the available potential for water utilities to increase their customer base and consequently serve more people directly in their designated service areas. A graphical presentation of the two indicators is provided in Figure 24 below.

Figure 23: Proportion of population living in area with water network


a) None of the water utilities has managed to serve all the population that lives in the vicinity of the water network. Th is implies that all utilities have a potential in increasing their customer bases and generate more revenue using the existing networks provided that there is capacity to do so.

b) Notably, Tanga, Iringa and Mbeya WSSAs are much closer to serve the population that lives in their network areas.

c) Mtwara and Geita WSSAs have a good potential for serving more customers using their existing networks. However, these utilities are faced with the challenge of insuffi cient water production and low capacity of the existing infrastructure.

3.6 Average Service Hours

Average hours of service is a measure that indicates the reliability of services provided by water utilities in terms of hours of supply. For Regional WSSAs, average hours of services improved from an average of 14.9 hours in 2012/13 to 15.3 hours in 2013/14. Th ere was also an improvement in the proportion of population with 24 hours of service from 24.3% in 2012/

ewura water regional report 2013/2014

Documents