ewaste recycling

8/8/2019 Ewaste Recycling

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WELCOME TO SEMINAR ON

E-WASTE RECYCLING

Presented By:

Bhavesh A Piparia


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What does this seminar contains

INTRODUCTION & VARIOUS DEFINITIONS OF

E-WASTE & ITS RECYCLING CLASSIFICATION/TYPES & SOURCE OF E-WASTE

E-WASTE GENERATION SCENARIO

E-WASTE PILLING UP

NEED OF E-WASTE RECYCLING

E-WASTE RECYCLING PROCESS

BENEFITES & HAZARDS OF E-WASTE RECYCLING

E-WASTE EFFECTS

ROLE OF CITIZEN IN E-WASTE RECYCLING

TAKEBACK

ORGANIZATION NETWORKS WORKINGTOWARDS E-WASTE

CASE STUDY ON E-WASTE RECYCLING

CONCLUSION & REFRENCES


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Introduction

Electronic products have made our life easy bysaving time and being efficient. Now it has

become difficult for us to function without electronicequipments.

Communication systems have revolutionaries byway of mobile phones. Entertainment products liketelevision and music system have addedenjoyment to our life.

Electronic products, which were once thought to beluxury, have presently become a need.


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From villages to cities, all of them have using

electronic products either in the form of radio ora high tech computer.

Increase in the use of electronic products have

resulted in increase in production of theseproducts and hence created a new waste, which

is termed as Electronic waste or E-waste.

The E-Waste is one of the fastest growing

environmental problems of the world, as there isa lack of awareness among people about its

treatment and serious impacts.


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E-waste needs to be treated as a hazardouswaste.


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Definitions of E-Waste

Electronic waste, popularly known as e-wastecan be defined as electronic equipments /products connects with power plug, batterieswhich have become obsolete due toadvancement in technology changes in fashion,style and status nearing the end of their usefullife.

Waste materials generated from using ordiscarding electronic devices, such ascomputers, televisions, mobile phones and otherelectronic devices which are no more of use.


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Some Pictures of E-Waste.


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What is E-Waste Recycling??

E-waste recycling is the process of recycling

old, obsolete or unwanted electronics that

have exhausted their re-use potential andwould otherwise be disposed of in landfills.


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Classification/Types of E-Waste


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SOURCESOF E-WASTE IT & Telecom Equipments

Large Household Appliances

Small Household Appliances

Consumer & LightingEquipments

Electrical & Electronic Tools

Toys, Leisure & SportsEquipment

Medical Devices

Monitoring & ControlInstruments


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E-Waste Generation Scenario

A. International Scenario:

In USA, it accounts 1% to 3% of the total municipal

waste generation.

In European Union (EU), e-waste is growing three timesfaster than average annual municipal solid wastegeneration. A recent source estimates that total amount

of e-waste generation in EU ranges from 5 to 7 milliontonnes per annum or about 14 to 15 kg per capita andis expected to grow at a rate of 3% to 5% per year.

In developed countries, currently it equals 1% of totalsolid waste generation and is expected to grow to 2%

by 2010.


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B. Indian Scenario:

o Sixty-five cities in India generate more than 60% of the

total e-waste generated in India.o Ten states generate 70% of the total e-waste generated

in India includes Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, AndhraPradesh, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Delhi, Karnataka,Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and Punjab.

o Among top ten cities generating e-waste, Mumbai ranksfirst followed by Delhi, Bangalore, Chennai, Kolkata,Ahmedabad, Hyderabad, Pune, Surat and Nagpur.

o In India, increased demand for the key products like PC,TV, and Telephones in last 5-10 year has beenresponsible for the increasing amount of e-waste

generation.


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C. Bangalore Scenario:

One of the third biggest generators of e-waste in India

is BANGALORE. The population and economy in Bangalore is growing

rapidly partly due to the boom in the IT sector.

At present Bangalore generates about 8000 tons ofcomputer waste annually.

The expected growing investments in electronics fromprivate households and the investments that alreadytake place in the IT sector implicate that e-waste inBangalore is increasing and that it has to be managedappropriately.


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Mumbai at present tops the list

Mumbai : 11,017 tonnes

Delhi : 9,730 tonnes

Bangalore : 4,648 tonnesChennai : 4,132 tonnes

Kolkata : 4,025 tonnes

Ahmedabad : 3,287 tonnesHyderabad : 2,833 tonnes

Pune : 2,584 tonnes

Surat : 1,836 tonnes

E-WASTE PILING UP


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The total E-WASTE in INDIA has been estimated to be

1,46,180 tonnes per year


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Need of E-Waste Recycling

E-Waste (electronics waste) is one of the fastest growing forms of toxic

waste in the world. Considering our current age of technology, i.e.,

computers, cell phones, ipods, etc.,

However, whats so surprising to most people is that E-Waste is toxic.

Electronics are just a casement of plastics and metals and when youtake a closer look at the different elements that go into making up the

many electronic components and processes, E-Waste is a lot more than

just metal and plastic. Some of the toxic substances of E-Waste include heavy metals like

Mercury, Cadmium and Lead, as well as, potential carcinogenicsubstances like polychlorinated biphenyls.

With that spectacular growth comes the very real problem of what to do

with the old ones.

Almost 99 percent of an electronic product can be recycled.


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E-Waste Recycling Process

Hazardous

material

Segregation

& Disposal

Material

Recovery/Refining

(Step - III)

Automated/Mechanical

Separation

(Step - II)

Manual Dismantling

& Sorting (Step - I) Safe Storage

Collection of

Electronic Waste

1

2

3

4

65


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(1) Collection of E-Waste

Due to rapid change in technologies, we find large number of

electronic gadgets becoming obsolete.

The first stage basically deals with proper collection of all the

wastages. However this is not well organized in INDIA.

Collection of waste in U.S. Collection of waste in INDIA


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(2) Safe storage

This mainly deals with storage of E-Waste.

Since E-Waste is found in many forms it is always advisable to

segregate material and stock different material at various yards.

This always is done manually in India. In organized sectors it isdone at collection points itself.

Figure shows proper storage of collected materials,


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(3) Manual dismantling & sorting (Step 1)

The first step in the recycling process is the removal of criticalcomponents from the e-waste in order to avoid dilution of and / or

contamination with toxic substances during the downstream

processes. Critical components include, e.g., lead glass from CRT

screens, CFC gases from refrigerators, light bulbs and batteries. In

India & in most of the developing countries it is done manually.

Figure shows Manual dismantling & sorting of components,


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(4) Automated/Mechanical separation (Step 2)

Automated/Mechanical processing is the next step in e-wastetreatment.

Normally an industrial large scale operation to obtain concentrates

of recyclable materials in a dedicated fraction and also to further

separate hazardous materials.

Automated separation Mechanical separation


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(5) Material recovery/Refining (Step 3)

The third step of e-waste recycling is recovery/refining.

During the refining process, to three flows of materials is paid

attention: Metals, plastics and glass.

Refining includes mechanical, thermal and chemical processes.

Figure shows Refining process,


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(6) Hazardous material segregation & disposal

This technique could eliminate waste disposal costs, reduce rawmaterial costs and provide income from a salable waste.

A number of physical and chemical techniques are available to

reclaim a waste material such as reverse osmosis, electrolysis,

condensation, electrolytic recovery, filtration, centrifugation etc.

Landfilling is one of the most widely used methods of wastedisposal.

Hazardous material segregation Landfilling


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E-Waste material recycling flow


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Benefits and Advantages of E-Waste Recycling

Conserves natural resources.

Protects your surroundings.

Helps others.

Create Jobs.

Saves landfill space.


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E-Waste Effects

Effects on Environment

Pollution of Ground-Water.

Acidification of soil.

E-Waste accounts for 40 percent of the lead and 75 percent of

the heavy metals found in landfills.

The metallic parts of obsolete computers are considered

hazardous for the environment, as they contain poisonous

chemicals.


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SOU

RC

ES

OF

E-WAS

TECONS

TITU

EN

TS

HEALTH EFF

EC

TS

Solder in printed circuit

boards, glass panels and

gaskets in computer

monitors

Lead (Pb) Damage to central and peripheral

nervous systems, blood systems and

kidney damage.

Affects brain development of

children.

Chip resistors and

semiconductors

Cadmium (Cd) Toxic irreversible effects on human

health.

Accumulates in kidney and liver.

Causes neural damage.

Relays and switches,printed circuit boards Mercury (Hg)

Chronic damage to the brain.Respiratory and skin disorders due

to bioaccumulation in fishes.

Cabling and computer

housing

Plastics including

PVC

Reproductive and developmental

problems;

Immune system damage;

Interfere with regulatory hormones

EFFECTS ON HUMAN HEALTH


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The role of citizens in E-Waste Management

include

Donating electronics for reuse, which extends the lives ofvaluable products and keeps them out of the waste managementsystem for a long time.

While buying electronic products, opting for those that are made

with fewer toxic constituents, use recycled content, are energyefficient, are designed for easy upgrading or disassembly, useminimal packaging and offer leasing or take back options.

Building of consumer awareness through public awareness

campaigns is a crucial point that can attribute to a new responsiblekind of consumerism.


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Takeback

Individuals looking for environmentally-friendly ways in

which to dispose of electronics can find corporateelectronic takeback and recycling programs across the country.

Corporations nationwide have begun to offer low-cost to no-cost

recycling, open to the public in most cases, and have opened

centers nationally and in some cases internationally. Such

programs frequently offer services to take back and recycleelectronics, including mobile phones, laptop and desktop

computers, digital cameras, and home and auto electronics.

Companies such as Staples, Toshiba and Gateway offer

takeback programs that provide monetary incentives for recyclableand/or working technologies.

Though helpful to both the environment and its citizens, there are

some downsides to such programs.


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ORGANIZATIONS WORKING ON E-WASTE

ISSUES

Knowledge bank for e-waste management in India

The E-waste Guide, India

National Solid Waste Association of India (NSWAI)

Toxics Link


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Case Studies on E-Waste Recycling


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E-waste recycling in Switzerland: The Switzerland

case study Switzerland, with one of the highest per capita incomes in the world, is

also among its most technologically advanced countries. The total

installed PC base in Switzerland is 3.15 million PCs, which translates

into one PC for almost every two persons over 99% of the households

have refrigerators and over 96% have TVs.

Lindhqvist (2000), one of the pioneers of EPR, defines it as ban

environmental protection strategy to reach an environmental

objective of a decreased total impact from a product, by making

the manufacturer of the product responsible for the entire life cycleof the product and especially for the take back, recycling and final

disposal of the product. Legislation on e-waste management was

introduced into Switzerland only in 1998, when the Ordinance on

return taking back and the Disposal of Electrical and Electronic

Appliances came into force.


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The collection and recycling of e-waste in Switzerland is an

intentionally developed and organized system. This places both

the physical as well as the financial responsibility of an

environmentally sound disposal of end-of-life electronics with themanufacturers and importers of these products. The entire

operative responsibility is however with the two PROsSWICO

and S.EN.Swho manage and operate the system on behalf of

their member producers. This also ensures that there is a clear

definition of roles and a demarcation of responsibilities. Fig. 1shows a simplified model of the material and financial flows within

the Swiss system.


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Figure.1 Material and financial flows in Swiss e-waste


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The New Delhi case study

India, with over 1 billion people, is the second most populous country in the

world. Although the penetration of Indias market for consumer durables is

substantially lower than that of developed countries, the size of Indias

market in absolute terms is larger than that of many high-income countries.

Unlike the sophisticated collection, transportation and recycling system in

Switzerland, the Indian system has developed very organically, as a naturalbranching of the scrap industry which accepts scrap from many sources

including old ships, end-of-life vehicles and building wastes. With the advent

of the electronic age, and as electrical and electronic appliances started

becoming obsolete, the already established scrap metal industry absorbed

this new waste stream to recover metals, which are then used as afeedstock to steel mills and non-ferrous smelters and refiners. Industrial

recycling networks or industrial symbiosis are systems of many different

firms and other organizations and societal actors that cooperate through

common waste material and waste energy utilization.


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Figure.13 Material and financial flows in Indian e-waste.


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Comparison of the two systems

From the two case studies above, it is clear that the e-wastemanagement systems in the two countries are very different.

Based on observations of both systems, a qualitative comparison

is done using four criteria:

o E-waste per capita

o Employment Potential

o Occupational Hazards

o Emissions of Toxics


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Evaluation results for the comparison criteria

Criterion Switzerland India_______________

Level Implication Level Implication

E-waste per capita High Negative Low Positive

Employment Potential Low Negative High Positive

Occupational Hazard Low Positive High Negative

Emissions of Toxics Low Positive High Negative


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CONCLUSION

E-WASTE shouldnt be seen as a waste

but seen as resource.

Students can use unusable equipmentsfrom e-waste for their research & project

studies.

The fact is that only a very small amount

of discarded computers are being

recycled. The truth is that this needs to

change!


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My View

Reduce

Reuse

Recycle

Recover

= Zero LandFill


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Hey Man, simply because you're outdated doesn't

mean you're unwanted. I'd never discard you.


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THANKING YOU ALLTHANKING YOU ALL!!!!!!


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References1) Agarwal R, Ranjan R, Sarkar P. Scrapping the hi-tech myth: computer waste in India. New Delhi7 Toxics

Link;2003.

2) Baud I, Grafakos S, Hordjik M, Post J. Quality of life and alliances in solid waste management. Cities2001;18(1):312.

3) Desrochers P. Industrial symbiosis: the case for market coordination. Journal of Cleaner Production2004;12:1099 110.

4) Empa. E-waste pilot study Delhi: knowledge partnerships with developing and transition countries. St. Gallen7Empa; 2004. http://www.ewaste.ch/.

5) Esty, Daniel C, Levy Marc, Srebotnjak Tanja, de Sherbinin Alexander. 2005 Environmental sustainability index:

6) benchmarking national environmental stewardship. New Haven7 Yale Center for Environmental Law andPolicy; 2005.

7) EU. Waste electrical and electronic equipment;

2004.http://europa.eu.int/comm/environment/waste/weee_index.htm.

8) http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report_first-e-waste-recycling-plant-in-city_1271401

9) http://www.eonecon.org/blog/category/e-waste

10) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_waste

ewaste recycling

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