ewaste pune(india)
TRANSCRIPT
Introduction Electronic products have made our life easy by saving
time and being efficient. Now it has become difficult for us to function without electronic equipments. Electronic products, which were once thought to be luxury, have presently become a need.
From villages to cities, all of them have been using electronic products either in the form of radio or a high-tech computers. Increase in the use of electronic products have resulted in increase in production of these products and hence created a new waste, which is termed as Electronic waste or E-Waste. The E-Waste is one of the fastest growing environmental problems of the world, as there is a lack of awareness among people about its treatment and serious impacts.
DEFINITION Electronic waste, e-waste, e-scrap, or Electronic-disposal, waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) describes discarded electrical or electronic devices.
"Electronic waste" may be defined as discarded computers, office electronic equipment, entertainment device electronics, mobile phones, television sets and refrigerators.
PC in 2yrsMob phone 1-3 yrsCamera 3-5 yearsEvery year
2 million items1200 Tons scraps from
Manufacturers8000 Tons alone from
BangaloreDumping of obsolete
and old electronic items from developed countries at cheaper cost or even free
WHAT IS E-WASTE ?
E-waste Generation Scenario
(A) International Scenario: In USA, it accounts 1% to 3% of the total
municipal waste generation. In European Union (EU), e-waste is
growing three times faster than average annual municipal solid waste generation. A recent source estimates that total amount of e-waste generation in EU ranges from 5 to 7 million tonnes per annum or about 14 to 15 kg per capita and is expected to grow at a rate of 3% to 5% per year.
In developed countries, currently it equals 1% of total solid waste generation and is expected to grow to 2% by 2010.
E-waste Generation Scenario
The total e-waste generated in India amounts to 1,46,180 tons per year.
Sixty-five cities in India generate more than 60% of the total e-waste generated in India.
Ten states generate 70% of the total e-waste generated in India includes Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Delhi, Karnataka, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and Punjab.
Among top ten cities generating e-waste, Mumbai ranks first followed by Delhi, Bangalore, Chennai, Kolkata, Ahmedabad, Hyderabad, Pune, Surat and Nagpur.
In India, increased demand for the key products like PC, TV, and Telephones in last 5-10 year has been responsible for the increasing amount of e-waste generation.
E-waste Generation Scenario
(B) Indian Scenario: The growth rate of discarded
electronic waste is high in India since it has emerged as an Information Technology giant and due to modernization of lifestyle. We are using electronic products for last 60 years however, there is no proper disposal system followed in our country that has lead to enormous amount of e-waste. There is a need to find proper disposal and recycling technique so that environmental pollution and health hazards can be reduced.
**Following graph projects the increasing demand for electronics hardware products in India.
E-waste Generation Scenario (c) State Scenario:
In India, Among the 10 states, Maharashtra ranks first in the e-waste generation. The total e-waste generation in Maharashtra accounts for 20,270.6 tons per year. It shows that Greater Mumbai and Pune generates maximum amount of e-waste. This is due to the presence of a large number of Info Tech Parks & electronic products manufacturing companies situated in these areas, which plays the main role in e-waste generation.
CPCB has identified Pune as one of the top ten cities generating e-waste. According to MPCB, more than 19,000 tonnes of e-waste is generated in Pune and Pimpri-Chinchwad area and the projected growth in the e-waste is estimated at 3500 tonnes a year.
Hazards associated with E-waste
E-waste contains significant quantities of toxic metals and chemicals. If these are left untreated and disposed off in landfills or not recycled by using proper methods of recycling, they leach into the surrounding soil, water and the atmosphere, and causes adverse effects on human health and environment. Many elements of this waste contain poisonous substances such as lead, tin, mercury, cadmium and barium, which cause severe diseases like cancer, birth defects, neurological and respiratory disorders
Hazards Related to E-waste
Many elements of this waste contain poisonous substances such as lead, tin, mercury, cadmium and barium, which cause severe diseases like cancer, birth defects, neurological and respiratory disorders
Item Produce AffectSolder Lead Nervous sys
Semi cdr Cd Kidney, Lever
Switches/PCBs Hg Brain, Skin
Protective layers Cr DNA, Bronchoitis
Cable NSN Plastic/PVC Immune sys, Repro Sys
Plastic Hsg Br Endocrine
CRT(Front Pnl) Ba Heart, Lever, Muscles
Mother Boards Beryllium(Be) Lung cancer, Skin
*Hazards associated with E-waste
E-waste Management
International Scenario: 50 to 80% e-wastes collected is exported for recycling by U.S. Export is legal in U.S. Exported e-waste recycling and disposal in China, India and Pakistan is highly
polluting. Indian Scenario: The electronic waste management assumes greater significance in India not only due to
the generation of our own waste but also dumping of e-waste particularly computer waste from the developed countries.
There are two small e-waste dismantling facilities functioning in Chennai and Bangalore.
Five e-waste recyclers around Chennai have been recognized by the Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board — Thrishyiraya Recycling India Pvt Ltd, INAA Enterprises, AER World Wide (India) private Ltd, TESAMM Recyclers India Pvt Ltd and Ultrust Solution (I) Pvt Ltd.
In Mumbai, Eco Reco Company that has been authorized by Maharashtra Pollution Control Board is involved in the management of e-waste. It collects e-waste across India and recycles it in an environment friendly manner. TCS, SBI, Castrol, M & M, Oberoi Groups of Hotels, Gati, Alfa Laval, Pfizer, HDFC, Aventis Pharma, GPEC, Tata Ficosa are recycling their e-waste with the help of Eco Reco.
SIMS Recycling Ltd. a multinational company has submitted a proposal to Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC) to solve the problem of e- waste in Pune city. It will collect and treat the e-waste in their recycling plant outside India.
E-waste Treatment & Disposal Methods(a)Landfilling:
It is one of the most widely used methods for disposal of e-waste. In landfilling, trenches are made on the flat surfaces. Soil is excavated from the trenches and waste material is buried in it, which is covered by a thick layer of soil. Modern techniques like secure landfill are provided with some facilities like, impervious liner made up of plastic or clay, leachate collection basin that collects and transfer the leachate to wastewater treatment plant. The degradation processes in landfills are very complicated and run over a wide time span.
(b) Incineration: It is a controlled and complete combustion
process, in which the waste material is burned in specially designed incinerators at a high temperature (900-1000oC). Advantage of incineration of e-waste is the reduction of waste volume and the Utilization of the energy content of combustible materials. Some plants remove iron from the slag for recycling. By incineration some environmentally hazardous organic substances are converted into less hazardous compounds. Disadvantage of incineration are the emission to air of substances escaping flue gas cleaning and the large amount of residues from gas cleaning and combustion. e-waste incineration plants contribute significantly to the annual emissions of cadmium and mercury. In addition, heavy metals not emitted into the atmosphere are transferred to slag and exhaust gas residues and can reenter the environment on disposal. Therefore, e-waste incineration will increase these emissions, if no reduction measures like removal of heavy metals are taken.
(c)Recycling of e-waste: Monitors & CRT, keyboards, laptops,
modems, telephone boards, hard drives, floppy drives, Compact disks, mobiles, fax machines, printers, CPUs, memory chips, connecting wires & cables can be recycled.Recycling involves dismantling i.e. removal of different parts of e-waste containing dangerous substances like PCB, Hg, separation of plastic, removal of CRT, segregation of ferrous and non-ferrous metals and printed circuit boards. Recyclers use strong acids to remove precious metals such as copper, lead, gold. The value of recycling from the element could be much higher if appropriate technologies is used. The recyclers working in poorly–ventilated enclosed areas without mask and technical expertise results in exposure to dangerous and slow poisoning chemicals. The existing dumping grounds in India are full and overflowing beyond capacity and it is difficult to get new dumping sites due to scarcity of land. Therefore recycling is the best possible option for the management of e-waste.
(d) Re-use: It constitutes direct second hand
use or use after slight modifications to the original functioning equipment. Large companies should purchase the used equipments back from the customers and ensure proper treatment and disposal of e-waste by authorized processes. This can considerably reduce the volume of e- waste generation.
Electronic Waste Dump of the World: Guiyu, China
Guiyu in the Shantou region of China is a huge electronic waste processing area. It is often referred to as the “e-waste capital of the world.”
The city employs over 150,000 e-waste workers that work through 16-hour days disassembling old computers and recapturing whatever metals and parts they can reuse or sell.
Guiyu is only one example of digital dumps
By GovernmentRegulationLaws &
Admintrative procedures
Standards of substances
Encourage reuse
Educate e-waste Mgt
R&DAntidumping
measuresSupport to
NGOs
•By industry•Proper disposal by generators themselves•Label recycling materials•Easy disaasembly of components•Encourage green procurement•Green packaging•Entire value chain takes the responsibility of recycling/disposal•Customers to be educated for disposal•Buy back options
•By citizens•No disposal through house holds•While buying•Donate products to schools, non profit orgns for longer use
•Product withless toxiccontains•Recycle containers•Energy efficient products•Easily upgradable products•Use minimum packaging•Buy certified goods
What Is Required To Be Done?
Existing Legislation Factories Act 1948 (amended till 1987): There are several contaminants arising
out from manufacturing or recycling of electronic components and are listed in this Act.
Environmental Protection Rules 1986 (amended till 2004):There is no direct standard, which can address pollutants from an electronics manufacturing or recycling industries. However certain PCB units fall in electroplating category and are therefore required to be abide by the effluent disposal norms as given in schedule 1 of this rules.
Hazardous waste (management and Handling) rules 1989, amended in 2003: Schedule 2 of this act can be applied for the disposal of e-waste. Schedule 3 entry at SI. No. A1180: Waste electrical and electronic assemblies (For
EXIM i. e. Export Import) Schedule 3 entry at SI. No. B1110: Electrical and electronic assemblies not valid
for direct reuse but for recycling (For EXIM) Hazardous Waste (management, Handling and Transboundary movement) rules
08: Part A of Schedule III (Basal No. 1180) consists of list of e-waste applicable for
import with prior informed consent. Part B of schedule III (Basal No. 1110) deals with list of e-waste applicable for
import and export not requiring prior informed consent. Basal Convention:The Basal convention on the control of transboundary
movements of hazardous wastes and their disposal, adopted by a conference in Basal (Switzerland) in 1989, was developed under UNEP.
Guidelines: Guidlines for environmentally sound management for e-waste are given by CPCB. (Visit http://www.cpcb.nic.in/e_Waste.php for further details)
ASSET RECOVERY AND RECYCLING SERVICESThe ProcessStep 1 Contact Eco Raksha via telephone at (+91) 96111 08003 or
via email at [email protected] and let us know what you'd like to dispose and we'll get started on a customized solution.
Step 2 An Eco Raksha team member would visit your facility
Conduct an Audit of the assets for disposal Forward you a comprehensive and customized Computer Asset Recovery
and Recycling Services proposal within 2 working days Step 3 We'll arrange for the shipping of your e-waste to our facility. Eco Raksha
will work with a logistics/shipping company to determine a customized and convenient shipping solution.
Step 4 At this stage, we process all of the electronic assets, thoroughly
inspecting and testing each item. We'll also completely erase your personal or company data from each computer or other electronic item submitted. Ultimately, our goal is to re-use or recycle as much of the e-waste as possible, while compliantly disposing the scrap as per the highest environmental standards.
Within 30 days of receiving your electronic assets, we will provide you with:1)A settlement report, detailing what items were disposed of2)A certificate of disposal
E-Waste Collection Centres in Pune
Hi-Tech Recycling India (P) Ltd.Admin Office:Office No. 60Aditya Shagun MallNDA-Pashan RoadBavdhan, Pune 411 021Tel : (020) 6652-1000Workshop:Hi-Tech Recycling India Pvt. Ltd.Sy.No. 532, Property No. 571Near Silver Court HotelATP.: Bhugaon, Tal: MulshiDist - PuneMaharashtraTel: (020) 3232-0447Website: www.hitechrecycling.in
SIMS Recycling Solutions
C-4, Row HouseClover HighlandsOff NIBM Road,
Kondwa, PuneTel: 87-544-
79933, 98-605-99993Email:
Website: www.simsmm.com
“E-WASTE” THE DARK
SIDE OF TECHNOLOGY
A SEMINAR REPORT ON “E-WASTE”
Presented BYMR.RAHUL M. GUPTA
TRINITY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND RESEARCH,PUNE
Dated: 26-10-2013