evonik driveline cost efficient 2013

EvonikEvonikEvonikEvonik’’’’s Performance s Performance s Performance s Performance Envelope of Fuel- and Envelope of Fuel- and Envelope of Fuel- and Envelope of Fuel- and Cost-efficient Solutions Cost-efficient Solutions Cost-efficient Solutions Cost-efficient Solutions for Your Driveline Fluidsfor Your Driveline Fluidsfor Your Driveline Fluidsfor Your Driveline Fluids

Torsten Stoehr, Boris Eisenberg,Torsten Stoehr, Boris Eisenberg,Torsten Stoehr, Boris Eisenberg,Torsten Stoehr, Boris Eisenberg,Justin Mills, Thorsten Bartels,Justin Mills, Thorsten Bartels,Justin Mills, Thorsten Bartels,Justin Mills, Thorsten Bartels,Aidan RoseAidan RoseAidan RoseAidan Rose

2013-04-20 | Evonik’s Performance Envelope ... Page | 2

1.1.1.1. Mission Fuel EconomyMission Fuel EconomyMission Fuel EconomyMission Fuel Economy

2.2.2.2. VISCOPLEXVISCOPLEXVISCOPLEXVISCOPLEX®®®® 12-199 Comb Polymer for 12-199 Comb Polymer for 12-199 Comb Polymer for 12-199 Comb Polymer forYour Fuel Economy ATF Your Fuel Economy ATF Your Fuel Economy ATF Your Fuel Economy ATF

3.3.3.3. VISCOBASEVISCOBASEVISCOBASEVISCOBASE®®®® 11-522 is 11-522 is 11-522 is 11-522 isYour Cost-efficient Alternative for Axle OilsYour Cost-efficient Alternative for Axle OilsYour Cost-efficient Alternative for Axle OilsYour Cost-efficient Alternative for Axle Oils


Our Joint Global Challenge:Our Joint Global Challenge:Our Joint Global Challenge:Our Joint Global Challenge:Fleet Average COFleet Average COFleet Average COFleet Average CO2222 Emissions Emissions Emissions Emissions

• EuropeanEuropeanEuropeanEuropean targets:� 2015: 130g/km� 2020: 95g/km2020: 95g/km2020: 95g/km2020: 95g/km

• ∆∆∆∆ = = = = 35g/km 35g/km 35g/km 35g/km � 27%27%27%27%� 1.5L/100km

• EuropeanEuropeanEuropeanEuropean targets:� 2015: 130g/km� 2020: 95g/km2020: 95g/km2020: 95g/km2020: 95g/km

• ∆∆∆∆ = = = = 35g/km 35g/km 35g/km 35g/km � 27%27%27%27%� 1.5L/100km

Global Comparison of Light-Duty Vehicle Fuel Economy/GHG Emissions Standards, ICCT, June 2012

4.1L/100km4.1L/100km4.1L/100km4.1L/100km

5.6L/100km5.6L/100km5.6L/100km5.6L/100km


EvonikEvonikEvonikEvonik’’’’s Fuel Economy Solutions s Fuel Economy Solutions s Fuel Economy Solutions s Fuel Economy Solutions for the Automotive Industryfor the Automotive Industryfor the Automotive Industryfor the Automotive Industry

EngineEngineEngineEngine

TransmissionTransmissionTransmissionTransmission

AxleAxleAxleAxle

Drivetrain & LubricantDrivetrain & LubricantDrivetrain & LubricantDrivetrain & Lubricant Roll ResistanceRoll ResistanceRoll ResistanceRoll Resistance

Light WeightLight WeightLight WeightLight WeightAerodynamic PanelsAerodynamic PanelsAerodynamic PanelsAerodynamic Panels


Drivetrain TrendsDrivetrain TrendsDrivetrain TrendsDrivetrain Trends

Socio-economic ViewSocio-economic ViewSocio-economic ViewSocio-economic View

• Global warming• Reduce dependency on fossil fuels• CO2 emission reduction

Socio-economic ViewSocio-economic ViewSocio-economic ViewSocio-economic View

• Global warming• Reduce dependency on fossil fuels• CO2 emission reduction

OEM TrendsOEM TrendsOEM TrendsOEM Trends

• New generation MT, 7/ 8-speedAT, DCT and CVT

• Higher torques (at low speeds)• Smaller transmissions• Higher temperatures• Emission control (N, P, S)

OEM TrendsOEM TrendsOEM TrendsOEM Trends

• New generation MT, 7/ 8-speedAT, DCT and CVT

• Higher torques (at low speeds)• Smaller transmissions• Higher temperatures• Emission control (N, P, S)

Lubricant RequirementsLubricant RequirementsLubricant RequirementsLubricant Requirements

• Low viscosity lubricants• Reduced low temperature viscosity• Improved wear/fatigue protection• Mechanical stability• Tailored friction performance• Thermal/oxidative stability• Low SAPS

Lubricant RequirementsLubricant RequirementsLubricant RequirementsLubricant Requirements

• Low viscosity lubricants• Reduced low temperature viscosity• Improved wear/fatigue protection• Mechanical stability• Tailored friction performance• Thermal/oxidative stability• Low SAPS

End-consumer PerspectiveEnd-consumer PerspectiveEnd-consumer PerspectiveEnd-consumer Perspective

• All season & all climate• Long drain intervals � fill-for-life• Improved driving/shifting comfort• Reduced operating costs• Reduced noise

End-consumer PerspectiveEnd-consumer PerspectiveEnd-consumer PerspectiveEnd-consumer Perspective

• All season & all climate• Long drain intervals � fill-for-life• Improved driving/shifting comfort• Reduced operating costs• Reduced noise

FuelFuelFuelFuelEconomyEconomyEconomyEconomy

FuelFuelFuelFuelEconomyEconomyEconomyEconomy


Lubricant with its Viscosity Index Lubricant with its Viscosity Index Lubricant with its Viscosity Index Lubricant with its Viscosity Index Improver as Crucial Design ElementImprover as Crucial Design ElementImprover as Crucial Design ElementImprover as Crucial Design Element

Log T

base oil (VI=100)

Log

Log

visc

osity

efficiency advantage via reduced viscosity viscosity viscosity viscosity

(internal friction) @ low T @ low T @ low T @ low T

maintain viscosityviscosityviscosityviscosity @ high T@ high T@ high T@ high T to avoid

wear/fatigue

expandedVIIVIIVIIVII

contractedVIIVIIVIIVII

light base oil + VII (VI=200)


Some Definitions using Parameter Some Definitions using Parameter Some Definitions using Parameter Some Definitions using Parameter ““““Molecular WeightMolecular WeightMolecular WeightMolecular Weight””””............

MolecularMolecularMolecularMolecularWeightWeightWeightWeight

� Low PSSIPSSIPSSIPSSI

� Flat V/TV/TV/TV/T curve- High VIVIVIVI- Low BF-40BF-40BF-40BF-40

� Low treat ratetreat ratetreat ratetreat rate for fixed KV100

� Mw as key design key design key design key design parameterparameterparameterparameter…

�…within performance window of given polymer chemistrypolymer chemistrypolymer chemistrypolymer chemistry

highhighhighhighlowlowlowlow


Polymer ChemistryPolymer ChemistryPolymer ChemistryPolymer Chemistry

PolymerPolymerPolymerPolymerChemistryChemistryChemistryChemistry

PolyolefinsPolyolefinsPolyolefinsPolyolefins

� Poly(isobutylene) PIBPIBPIBPIB� Olefin copolymers OCPOCPOCPOCP� Hydrogenated styrene / dienestyrene / dienestyrene / dienestyrene / diene

copolymers HSDHSDHSDHSD� Poly(α-olefin) PAOPAOPAOPAO

Ester-funtional polymersEster-funtional polymersEster-funtional polymersEster-funtional polymers

� Poly(alkyl methacrylate) PAMA PAMA PAMA PAMA� Styrene / fumarateStyrene / fumarateStyrene / fumarateStyrene / fumarate copolymers� αααα-O-O-O-Olefin / fumaratelefin / fumaratelefin / fumaratelefin / fumarate copolymers

CCCCxxxxHHHHyyyyC=OC=OC=OC=O IIIIOROROROR

� Low treat ratetreat ratetreat ratetreat rate � Flat V/TV/TV/TV/T curve� Low PSSIPSSIPSSIPSSI


PAMA VII as Crucial Design Element PAMA VII as Crucial Design Element PAMA VII as Crucial Design Element PAMA VII as Crucial Design Element for Fuel Economyfor Fuel Economyfor Fuel Economyfor Fuel Economy

EngineEngineEngineEngine

TransmissionTransmissionTransmissionTransmission

AxleAxleAxleAxle

1.1.1.1. Reduced internal frictionReduced internal frictionReduced internal frictionReduced internal friction at low temperatures

2.2.2.2. DispersancyDispersancyDispersancyDispersancy of oxidation products to avoid viscosity growth

3.3.3.3. Friction-modifierFriction-modifierFriction-modifierFriction-modifier application in mixed lubrication regime

base oil

visc

osity

temperature

PAMAPAMAPAMAPAMA

PAMAPAMAPAMAPAMA

frict

ion

coef

ficie

nt EHL hydrodynamic

trend towards

lower viscosities

speed x viscosity / load

PAMAPAMAPAMAPAMAm

ixed

boun

-da

ry


MTMTMTMTMTMTMTMT

8-speed AT8-speed AT8-speed AT8-speed AT8-speed AT8-speed AT8-speed AT8-speed AT

DCTDCTDCTDCTDCTDCTDCTDCT

CVTCVTCVTCVTCVTCVTCVTCVT

Advances in Transmission Advances in Transmission Advances in Transmission Advances in Transmission TechnologyTechnologyTechnologyTechnology


Performance Requirements Performance Requirements Performance Requirements Performance Requirements Addressable by Evonik ComponentsAddressable by Evonik ComponentsAddressable by Evonik ComponentsAddressable by Evonik Components

MTF ATF CVTF DCTF

Belt/chain Toroidal Wet Dry

Main perform

ance

Synchronizer performance o o o

Anti-shudder durability o o

Steel-on-steel friction coefficient o

Traction property o

V/T + low T performance V/T + low T performance V/T + low T performance V/T + low T performance ��

Basic perform

ance

Shear stabilityShear stabilityShear stabilityShear stability ��

Oxidation/thermal stability o o o o o o

Clutch friction stability o o o o

Wear protectionWear protectionWear protectionWear protection ��

Fatigue protectionFatigue protectionFatigue protectionFatigue protection ��

DefoamingDefoamingDefoamingDefoaming ��

Materials compatibility o o o o o o

Source: Jatco


Comb Polymers:Comb Polymers:Comb Polymers:Comb Polymers:How Does it Work?How Does it Work?How Does it Work?How Does it Work?

Log T

base oilLo

g Lo

g vi

scos

ity

fuel economy via reduced viscosity viscosity viscosity viscosity

@ low T@ low T@ low T@ low T

contractedPAMAPAMAPAMAPAMA expanded

PAMAPAMAPAMAPAMA

maintain viscosityviscosityviscosityviscosity @ high T@ high T@ high T@ high T to avoid

wear/fatigue

expandedcombcombcombcomb

collapsed combcombcombcomb


Global Trend to Low Viscosity ATFGlobal Trend to Low Viscosity ATFGlobal Trend to Low Viscosity ATFGlobal Trend to Low Viscosity ATF

Source: Infineum Insight 49 (March 2011), p. 9


ATF FormulationsATF FormulationsATF FormulationsATF Formulations

6.0cStConventional

PAMA

6.0cStVISCOPLEX®

12-199 (Comb)

4.5cSt VISCOPLEX®

12-199 (Comb)

5.5cStHyundai

SP-IV FF/SF

VII [%] 8.5 5.7 3.5

VISCOPLEX® 1-180 [%] 0.3 0.3 0.3

DI package [%] 15.0 15.0 15.0

Nexbase 3030 [%] 76.2 79.0 30.0

Nexbase 3020 [%] - - 51.2

KV100 [mm²/s] 6.03 6.02 4.48 5.46

KV40 [mm²/s] 28.4 24.7 17.1 26.0

VI 166 210 193 152

BF [mPas] 10,200 6,600 2,900 7,900

PP [°C] -48 -48 < -48 -45

KV100KRL20 [mm²/s] 5.71 5.70 4.35 5.35

KV100 loss [%] 5.3 5.4 2.9 2.1

PSSI 18 18 15 -


• 6-speed AT Hyundai ix35 = Tucson 6-speed AT Hyundai ix35 = Tucson 6-speed AT Hyundai ix35 = Tucson 6-speed AT Hyundai ix35 = Tucson (120kW @ 6200rpm)• Test sequence (4 cycles 4 cycles 4 cycles 4 cycles each, 5 oil flushings5 oil flushings5 oil flushings5 oil flushings in between):� 5.5cSt FF/SF (1)� 6.0cSt Conventional6.0cSt Conventional6.0cSt Conventional6.0cSt Conventional� 6.0cSt Comb6.0cSt Comb6.0cSt Comb6.0cSt Comb� 5.5cSt FF/SF (2)� 4.5cSt Comb4.5cSt Comb4.5cSt Comb4.5cSt Comb� 5.5cSt FF/SF (3)

• Chassis dynamometerChassis dynamometerChassis dynamometerChassis dynamometer (MAHA-AIP)� load: ± 0.5%, speed: ± 0.08km/h

• Gas analyzer Gas analyzer Gas analyzer Gas analyzer (Horiba)� CO/CO2, HC (and NOx)� Constant volume sampling (CVS) acc. to ECE R83

• EU5 Reference FuelEU5 Reference FuelEU5 Reference FuelEU5 Reference Fuel• NEDC standard deviation: NEDC standard deviation: NEDC standard deviation: NEDC standard deviation: ±±±± 0.28% 0.28% 0.28% 0.28% (12 cycles 5.5cSt FF/SF)

Fuel Economy Study at ISPFuel Economy Study at ISPFuel Economy Study at ISPFuel Economy Study at ISP


New European Driving Cycle (NEDC)New European Driving Cycle (NEDC)New European Driving Cycle (NEDC)New European Driving Cycle (NEDC)

0

20

40

60

80

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Time [s]

Tran

smis

sion

oil

tem

pera

ture

[ ]

0

50

100

150

Vehicle speed [km

/h]

5.5cSt FF/SF (2)

EUDC Extra Urban Driving

Cycle

ECE* 1+2 Urban Driving

Cycles

ECE* 3+4 Urban Driving

Cycles

* ECE = Economic Commission for Europe


Fuel Consumption by Sub-cycleFuel Consumption by Sub-cycleFuel Consumption by Sub-cycleFuel Consumption by Sub-cycle

• Comb polymer Comb polymer Comb polymer Comb polymer (in parallel to KV100 lowering) reduces reduces reduces reduces fuel consumptionfuel consumptionfuel consumptionfuel consumption in NEDCNEDCNEDCNEDC and its ECE ECE ECE ECE sub-cycles

• In EUDCEUDCEUDCEUDC, the 4.5cSt fluid shows increased fuel consumption due to mixed lubricationmixed lubricationmixed lubricationmixed lubrication

12.87

10.29

6.88

8.62

10.19

8.52

12.53

10.12

6.83

8.49

6.78

12.83

8.54

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

ECE 1+2 ECE 3+4 EUDC NEDC

6.0cSt Conventional6.0cSt Comb4.5cSt Comb5.5cSt FF/SF

Fuel

con

sum

ptio

n [L

/100

km]


NEDC Fuel EconomyNEDC Fuel EconomyNEDC Fuel EconomyNEDC Fuel Economy

• 6.0cSt Comb6.0cSt Comb6.0cSt Comb6.0cSt Comb delivers 1.2% FE1.2% FE1.2% FE1.2% FE vs 6.0cSt Conventional

• Lowering KV100 to 4.5cSt 4.5cSt 4.5cSt 4.5cSt results in 1.6% FE1.6% FE1.6% FE1.6% FE totally (mixed lubrication!)

• 6.0cSt Comb6.0cSt Comb6.0cSt Comb6.0cSt Comb delivers 0.3% FE0.3% FE0.3% FE0.3% FE vs 5.5cSt FF/SF, but at higher KV100 implying higher wear and fatigue higher wear and fatigue higher wear and fatigue higher wear and fatigue protectionprotectionprotectionprotection

1.6

1.2

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

6.0cSt Comb 4.5cSt Comb

NE

DC

FE

vs.

6cS

t C

onve

ntio

nal

[%]

0.3

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

6.0cSt Comb

NE

DC

FE

vs.

5.5

cSt

SF/

FF [

%]


1.2% FE Improvement: Savings in 1.2% FE Improvement: Savings in 1.2% FE Improvement: Savings in 1.2% FE Improvement: Savings in the Transmission Value-chainthe Transmission Value-chainthe Transmission Value-chainthe Transmission Value-chain

Savings at the OEMSavings at the OEMSavings at the OEMSavings at the OEM• 2015 target: 130 gCO130 gCO130 gCO130 gCO2222/km/km/km/km• 2020 enacted: ∆∆∆∆ = 35 gCO = 35 gCO = 35 gCO = 35 gCO2222/km/km/km/km• Penalty: 95959595€€€€ per gCO gCO gCO gCO2222

150 150 150 150 €€€€Fuel CostFuel CostFuel CostFuel CostSavingsSavingsSavingsSavings

150 150 150 150 €€€€Fuel CostFuel CostFuel CostFuel CostSavingsSavingsSavingsSavings

150 150 150 150 €€€€EvonikEvonikEvonikEvonik

ContributionContributionContributionContribution

150 150 150 150 €€€€EvonikEvonikEvonikEvonik

ContributionContributionContributionContribution

Savings at the end-consumerSavings at the end-consumerSavings at the end-consumerSavings at the end-consumer• Consumption: 8.62 L/100km8.62 L/100km8.62 L/100km8.62 L/100km• Drain interval: 100.000 km100.000 km100.000 km100.000 km• Gasoline price: 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 €€€€/L/L/L/L


ConclusionConclusionConclusionConclusion

• Reducing fleet average CO2 emissions is our joint global challengeour joint global challengeour joint global challengeour joint global challenge

• Evonik VII are crucial design elementscrucial design elementscrucial design elementscrucial design elements for fuel economy

• Comb VISCOPLEXComb VISCOPLEXComb VISCOPLEXComb VISCOPLEX®®®® 12-199 12-199 12-199 12-199 delivers 1.2% 1.2% 1.2% 1.2% FEFEFEFE vs conventional PAMA at same KV100 same KV100 same KV100 same KV100 in NEDC

• Further KV100 reduction KV100 reduction KV100 reduction KV100 reduction results in another 0.4% FE0.4% FE0.4% FE0.4% FE whilst risking mixed lubricationmixed lubricationmixed lubricationmixed lubrication

• Combs enable you to formulate balanced low vis FE ATFbalanced low vis FE ATFbalanced low vis FE ATFbalanced low vis FE ATF

• From concept concept concept concept to factory fill factory fill factory fill factory fill

• OEM and end-consumer savings savings savings savings of 300 300 300 300€€€€ per transmission


75W-140 Formulations75W-140 Formulations75W-140 Formulations75W-140 Formulations

75W-140 w/ VISCOBASE®

11-522

75W-140 w/PAO100

80W-90 IntertekReference

SAE J306 JUN2005

Base stock [%] 47.0 57.0

DI package [%] 4.0 4.0

PAO4 [%] 29.0 19.0

Ester, 3.6cSt [%] 20.0 20.0

KV100 [mm²/s] 25.8 25.3 13.7 (nonstay-in-grade)

13.5-18.5 (80W-90)24-32.5 (75W-140)

KV40 [mm²/s] 170 183 117

VI 187 171 114

BF [mPas] 89,400 (-40°C) 128,000 (-40°C) 35,900 (-26°C) <150,000

KV100KRL20 [mm²/s] 24.7 25.0 12.0 13.5-18.5 (80W-90)24-32.5 (75W-140)

KV100 loss [%] 4.3 1.0 11.8

PSSI 5.1 1.1


Bench Testing: MTM Mixed Bench Testing: MTM Mixed Bench Testing: MTM Mixed Bench Testing: MTM Mixed Lubrication & EHL ModesLubrication & EHL ModesLubrication & EHL ModesLubrication & EHL Modes

• Note highly resolvedhighly resolvedhighly resolvedhighly resolved y-axes!

• VISCOBASEVISCOBASEVISCOBASEVISCOBASE®®®® 11-522 11-522 11-522 11-522 and PAO100 show same friction same friction same friction same friction coefficient coefficient coefficient coefficient in MTM mixed lubrication and EHL modes

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

1 10 100 1000 10000Mean speed [mm/s]

Fric

tion

coef

ficie

nt

25

120

30N50%SRR

75W-140 VISCOBASE75W-140 VISCOBASE75W-140 VISCOBASE75W-140 VISCOBASE®®®® 11-522 11-522 11-522 11-52275W-140 PAO10075W-140 PAO10075W-140 PAO10075W-140 PAO100

0.00

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0 10 20 30 40 50SRR [%]

Fric

tion

coef

ficie

nt

60 25

80 100

120

40

30N2000mm/s

75W-140 VISCOBASE75W-140 VISCOBASE75W-140 VISCOBASE75W-140 VISCOBASE®®®® 11-522 11-522 11-522 11-52275W-140 PAO10075W-140 PAO10075W-140 PAO10075W-140 PAO100


Bench Testing:Bench Testing:Bench Testing:Bench Testing:FZG Efficiency and ARKLFZG Efficiency and ARKLFZG Efficiency and ARKLFZG Efficiency and ARKL

• VISCOBASEVISCOBASEVISCOBASEVISCOBASE®®®® 11-522 11-522 11-522 11-522 and PAO100 show same same same same performance performance performance performance in FZG efficiency and ARKL tests

0

20

40

60

80

0 100 200 300 400Time [min]

Tem

pera

ture

[ ]

75W-140 VISCOBASE75W-140 VISCOBASE75W-140 VISCOBASE75W-140 VISCOBASE???? 11-522: T11-522: T11-522: T11-522: Tequ equ equ equ = 62 = 62 = 62 = 62 75W-140 PAO100: T75W-140 PAO100: T75W-140 PAO100: T75W-140 PAO100: Tequequequequ = 64 = 64 = 64 = 64

0

2

4

6

8

10

0 100 200 300Torque [Nm]

Torq

ue lo

ss [N

m]

75W-140 VISCOBASE75W-140 VISCOBASE75W-140 VISCOBASE75W-140 VISCOBASE®®®® 11-522: f 11-522: f 11-522: f 11-522: feffeffeffeff = 0.97 = 0.97 = 0.97 = 0.9775W-140 PAO100: f75W-140 PAO100: f75W-140 PAO100: f75W-140 PAO100: feffeffeffeff = 0.97 = 0.97 = 0.97 = 0.97

90

20

44

feffciency = 1 - torque / loss temperature,load stage

temperature,load stage


GM 900 Axle Efficiency TestGM 900 Axle Efficiency TestGM 900 Axle Efficiency TestGM 900 Axle Efficiency Testat Intertekat Intertekat Intertekat Intertek

““““29/20 Schedule29/20 Schedule29/20 Schedule29/20 Schedule””””• 29 stages29 stages29 stages29 stages over 8 constant power lines, 9 calibration stages9 calibration stages9 calibration stages9 calibration stages outside of window• 20 stages20 stages20 stages20 stages used for analysis, focus on stages #3, #15, #17, #29#3, #15, #17, #29#3, #15, #17, #29#3, #15, #17, #29• Each point held for 10 min (efficiency computed from last 5 min)

0

200

400

600

800

0 1000 2000 3000Pinion speed [rpm]

Torq

ue [N

m] Potential

operating range

3 kW

5 kW

9 kW

91 kW51 kW28 kW16 kW

165 kW

1 kW

Typical operatingrange acc. to CAFE (Corporate Average

Fuel Economy)

#3

#29

#15

#17


GM 900 Axle Efficiency TestGM 900 Axle Efficiency TestGM 900 Axle Efficiency TestGM 900 Axle Efficiency Testat Intertekat Intertekat Intertekat Intertek

• GM 4WD/RWD4WD/RWD4WD/RWD4WD/RWD vans & SUVs (Chevy, Buick, GMC, Pontiac, Oldsmobile, Cadillac)• Efficiency is the power ratiopower ratiopower ratiopower ratio of pinionpinionpinionpinion (input) and differential differential differential differential (output) as

measured by torque meterstorque meterstorque meterstorque meters• Constant temperature modeConstant temperature modeConstant temperature modeConstant temperature mode (external cooler at 49°C = 120°F) or stabilizedstabilizedstabilizedstabilized

temperature modetemperature modetemperature modetemperature mode• Test sequence (3 cycles cycles cycles cycles each, intense oil flushing oil flushing oil flushing oil flushing in between):� 80W-90 (1)� 75W-140 PAO100 (1)75W-140 PAO100 (1)75W-140 PAO100 (1)75W-140 PAO100 (1)� 75W-140 VISCOBASE75W-140 VISCOBASE75W-140 VISCOBASE75W-140 VISCOBASE®®®® 11-522 11-522 11-522 11-522� 80W-90 (2)� 75W-140 PAO100 (2)75W-140 PAO100 (2)75W-140 PAO100 (2)75W-140 PAO100 (2)� 80W-90 (3)

• Standard deviation: Standard deviation: Standard deviation: Standard deviation: ±±±± 0.17%rel0.17%rel0.17%rel0.17%rel(9 cycles 80W-90, severest stage #29,constant temperature mode)


Constant Temperature Mode (49Constant Temperature Mode (49Constant Temperature Mode (49Constant Temperature Mode (49°°°°C)C)C)C)

• VISCOBASEVISCOBASEVISCOBASEVISCOBASE®®®® 11-52211-52211-52211-522 and PAO100 show same efficiencysame efficiencysame efficiencysame efficiency throughout all stages

96.1

91.2

98.4 98.5

96.0

91.3

98.4 98.6

90

92

94

96

98

100

#3 (54Nm,500rpm)

#15 (54Nm,2900rpm)

#17 (542Nm,500rpm)

#29 (542 Nm,2900rpm)

75W-140 VISCOBASE? 11-52275W-140 PAO100

Effic

ienc

y [%

]


Stabilized Temperature ModeStabilized Temperature ModeStabilized Temperature ModeStabilized Temperature Mode

• VISCOBASEVISCOBASEVISCOBASEVISCOBASE®®®® 11-522 11-522 11-522 11-522 and PAO100 show same same same same efficiencyefficiencyefficiencyefficiency throughout all stages

• GM 900 Axle Efficiency Test discriminates discriminates discriminates discriminates preciselypreciselypreciselyprecisely (80W-90 shows expected behavior compared to 75W-140)

92.9

98.699.0

95.5

92.9

98.699.0

96.3

93.5

98.5

97.4

95.3

90

92

94

96

98

100

#3 (54Nm,500rpm)

#15 (54Nm,2900rpm)

#17 (542Nm,500rpm)

#29 (542 Nm,2900rpm)

75W-140 VISCOBASE? 11-522

75W-140 PAO100

80W-90 Reference

Effic

ienc

y [%

]

36

66

54

66

54

33

5851

105107

34

105

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

#3 (54Nm,500rpm)

#15 (54Nm,2900rpm)

#17 (542Nm,500rpm)

#29 (542 Nm,2900rpm)

Sta

biliz

ed te

mpe

ratu

re [

]


• Torque required to overcome axle resistance, i.e. the friction due to� oil churningoil churningoil churningoil churning (splashing) losses� shaft sealshaft sealshaft sealshaft seal losses� windagewindagewindagewindage losses

• Same axleSame axleSame axleSame axle as in efficiency test, but use of high precisionhigh precisionhigh precisionhigh precision (low torque) meters

• No loadNo loadNo loadNo load• Constant temperatureConstant temperatureConstant temperatureConstant temperature at 48.9°C• Speed rangeSpeed rangeSpeed rangeSpeed range as in 29/20 schedule• VISCOBASEVISCOBASEVISCOBASEVISCOBASE®®®® 11-522 11-522 11-522 11-522 and PAO100

show same spin-loss induced torque

Spin-loss ExperimentSpin-loss ExperimentSpin-loss ExperimentSpin-loss Experiment

1

2

3

4

0 1000 2000 3000 4000Pinion speed [rpm]

Spi

n-lo

ss in

duce

d to

rque

[Nm

]

75W-14075W-14075W-14075W-140PAO100PAO100PAO100PAO100

75W-14075W-14075W-14075W-140VISCOBASEVISCOBASEVISCOBASEVISCOBASE®®®®

11-52211-52211-52211-522

80W-9080W-9080W-9080W-90ReferenceReferenceReferenceReference


Oxidative StabilityOxidative StabilityOxidative StabilityOxidative Stability

VISCOBASE® 11-522PAO100

as is + 0.6% aminic/phenolic mixed AO

US Steel @121°C(ASTM D2893-B)

BV100 [mPas] 486 101BV100’ [mPas] 548 (13%) 536 (11%) 208 (106%)

∆TAN [mgKOH/g] 0.12 0.0 14.2

Pressurized DSC(ASTM D6186)

Induction time @…

…155°C [min] >120 65

…180°C [min] >120 <10

…210°C [min] 10

• VISCOBASEVISCOBASEVISCOBASEVISCOBASE®®®® 11-522 11-522 11-522 11-522 w/o detrimentsw/o detrimentsw/o detrimentsw/o detriments vs PAO100

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 60 120 180Time [min]

TGA

wei

ght [

%]

160 180 140

75W-140 VISCOPLEX75W-140 VISCOPLEX75W-140 VISCOPLEX75W-140 VISCOPLEX???? 11-522: 82.1%11-522: 82.1%11-522: 82.1%11-522: 82.1%75W-140 PAO100: 87.9%75W-140 PAO100: 87.9%75W-140 PAO100: 87.9%75W-140 PAO100: 87.9%


ConclusionConclusionConclusionConclusion

• VISCOBASEVISCOBASEVISCOBASEVISCOBASE®®®® 11-522 11-522 11-522 11-522 and PAO100 show samesamesamesame …

� … friction coefficient friction coefficient friction coefficient friction coefficient in MTM mixed lubrication and EHL modes

� … performance performance performance performance in FZG efficiency and ARKL tests

� … efficiencyefficiencyefficiencyefficiency throughout all stages of the GM 900 Axle Efficiency Test (both in constant constant constant constant and stabilized temperature stabilized temperature stabilized temperature stabilized temperature modes)

� … spin-loss induced torquespin-loss induced torquespin-loss induced torquespin-loss induced torque

• No detriments in oxidative stability oxidative stability oxidative stability oxidative stability

• Last but not least: axle cost creditcost creditcost creditcost credit


SummarySummarySummarySummary

VISCOBASEVISCOBASEVISCOBASEVISCOBASE®®®® 11-522 is 11-522 is 11-522 is 11-522 is Your Cost-efficient Your Cost-efficient Your Cost-efficient Your Cost-efficient Alternative for Axle OilsAlternative for Axle OilsAlternative for Axle OilsAlternative for Axle Oils

VISCOPLEXVISCOPLEXVISCOPLEXVISCOPLEX®®®® 12-199 12-199 12-199 12-199Comb Polymer forComb Polymer forComb Polymer forComb Polymer forYour Fuel Economy ATFYour Fuel Economy ATFYour Fuel Economy ATFYour Fuel Economy ATF

96.1

91.2

98.4 98.5

96.0

91.3

98.4 98.6

90

92

94

96

98

100

#3 (54Nm,500rpm)

#15 (54Nm,2900rpm)

#17 (542Nm,500rpm)

#29 (542 Nm,2900rpm)

75W-140 VISCOBASE? 11-52275W-140 PAO100

Effi

cien

cy [%

]1.2% FE1.2% FE1.2% FE1.2% FE1.2% FE1.2% FE1.2% FE1.2% FE

DisclaimerDisclaimerDisclaimerDisclaimer

This information and all further technical advice is based on our present knowledge and experience. However, they imply no liability or other legal responsibility on our part, including with regard to existing third party intellectual property rights, especially patent rights. In particular, no warranty, whether express or implied, or guarantee of product properties in the legal sense is intended or implied. We reserve the right to make any changes according to technological progress or further developments. The customer is not released from the obligation to conduct careful inspection and testing of incoming goods. Performance of the product described herein should be verified by testing, which should be carried out only by qualified experts in the sole responsibility of the customer. Reference to trade names used by other companies is neither a recommendation, nor does it imply that similar products could not be used.

VISCOPLEX® , VISCOBASE® and DynaVIs® are registered trademarks of Evonik Industries AG

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