everywhere final seminar, september 2010,emis emis results .... c. fol… · everywhere final...

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Everywhere Final Dissemination Seminar, September 10, 2010, Madrid EMIS EMIS 2010 2010 1 EMIS results on MSM in Spain – new drugs and sexual risks of HIV EMCDDA annual expert meeting on Drugrelated deaths (DRD) & Drugrelated infectious diseases (DRID) 1618 October 2013 – EMCDDA (Lisbon) Cinta Folch CEEISCAT [email protected] Spanish EMIS team work: Percy FernándezDávila, Laia Ferrer, Mercedes Díez, Raúl Soriano and Jordi Casabona

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Page 1: Everywhere Final Seminar, September 2010,EMIS EMIS results .... C. Fol… · Everywhere Final Dissemination Seminar, EMIS September 10, 2010,EMIS Madrid201020101 EMIS results on MSM

Everywhere Final Dissemination Seminar, September 10, 2010, MadridEMIS EMIS 201020101

EMIS results on MSM in Spain – new drugs and sexual risks of HIV 

EMCDDA annual expert meeting on Drug‐related deaths (DRD) & Drug‐related infectious diseases (DRID)

16‐18 October 2013 – EMCDDA (Lisbon)

Cinta FolchCEEISCAT

[email protected]

Spanish EMIS team work: Percy Fernández‐Dávila, Laia Ferrer, Mercedes Díez, Raúl Soriano and Jordi Casabona

Page 2: Everywhere Final Seminar, September 2010,EMIS EMIS results .... C. Fol… · Everywhere Final Dissemination Seminar, EMIS September 10, 2010,EMIS Madrid201020101 EMIS results on MSM

BackgroundDrugs use among MSM

• MSM use a wide selection of drugs, often for recreational purposes (parties and sex)

• The use of recreational drugs has been associated with high‐risk sexual practices 

• Rising use of crystal methamphetamine, mephedrone & GBL/GHB 

• Injection of crystal and mephedrone on the rise (“Slamming”) 

Page 3: Everywhere Final Seminar, September 2010,EMIS EMIS results .... C. Fol… · Everywhere Final Dissemination Seminar, EMIS September 10, 2010,EMIS Madrid201020101 EMIS results on MSM

• The Lancet recently reported a dramatic rise in injecting among gay men on London’s party scene and group sex circuit.

Page 4: Everywhere Final Seminar, September 2010,EMIS EMIS results .... C. Fol… · Everywhere Final Dissemination Seminar, EMIS September 10, 2010,EMIS Madrid201020101 EMIS results on MSM

BackgroundHarms associated with drug use

• Harms to physical and mental health

• Harms to sexual health and well‐being

• Treatment non‐adherence issues for men with diagnosed HIV 

• Needle sharing: HIV/HCV transmission

Page 5: Everywhere Final Seminar, September 2010,EMIS EMIS results .... C. Fol… · Everywhere Final Dissemination Seminar, EMIS September 10, 2010,EMIS Madrid201020101 EMIS results on MSM

Objective

• To describe the patterns of injecting and non‐injecting drug use among Spanish MSM participating in the European MSM Internet Survey (EMIS).

Page 6: Everywhere Final Seminar, September 2010,EMIS EMIS results .... C. Fol… · Everywhere Final Dissemination Seminar, EMIS September 10, 2010,EMIS Madrid201020101 EMIS results on MSM

EMIS Methodology

• Implemented in 2010 in 38 European countries.

• Online questionnaire (in 25 European languages) 

• Data on socio‐demographics, sexual behaviour, drug consumption and other sexual health variables

• National and pan‐European web sites.

• 3 months (June through August 2010)

Page 7: Everywhere Final Seminar, September 2010,EMIS EMIS results .... C. Fol… · Everywhere Final Dissemination Seminar, EMIS September 10, 2010,EMIS Madrid201020101 EMIS results on MSM

EMIS Partners Spain

Associated

Collaborating

Page 8: Everywhere Final Seminar, September 2010,EMIS EMIS results .... C. Fol… · Everywhere Final Dissemination Seminar, EMIS September 10, 2010,EMIS Madrid201020101 EMIS results on MSM

Final sample in Spain: 13,111 ( 7.5%)

EMIS (Europe): 174.111

Page 9: Everywhere Final Seminar, September 2010,EMIS EMIS results .... C. Fol… · Everywhere Final Dissemination Seminar, EMIS September 10, 2010,EMIS Madrid201020101 EMIS results on MSM

12.0%HIV prevalence (among those tested)

73.8%Ever tested 

17.6%Students

66.1%Employed

33.1 (10,1)Mean age (SD)

58.6%High educational degree

51.4%Living in cities > 500,000 inhabitants

79.9%Self‐described as gay/homosexual

77.2%Born in Spain

Description of study participants

Page 10: Everywhere Final Seminar, September 2010,EMIS EMIS results .... C. Fol… · Everywhere Final Dissemination Seminar, EMIS September 10, 2010,EMIS Madrid201020101 EMIS results on MSM

Prevalence of recreational drugs (last 12 months)

0,7

0,9

28,4

18,7

5,4

5,7

1,4

5,9

7,7

10,1

1,3

30,1

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Crack  Cocaine

Heroin

Poppers 

Cocaine

Ketamine

GHB/GLB

Mephedrone

Crystal meth

Amphetamine

Ecstasy/MDMA

LSD

Cannabis

%

Page 11: Everywhere Final Seminar, September 2010,EMIS EMIS results .... C. Fol… · Everywhere Final Dissemination Seminar, EMIS September 10, 2010,EMIS Madrid201020101 EMIS results on MSM

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Crack  

Heroin

Poppers* 

Cocaine*

Ketamine*

GHB*

Mephedrone*

Crystal 

Amphetamine

Ecstasy*

LSD*

Cannabis*

%

25 or more

Less than 25

Drug consumption by age

Page 12: Everywhere Final Seminar, September 2010,EMIS EMIS results .... C. Fol… · Everywhere Final Dissemination Seminar, EMIS September 10, 2010,EMIS Madrid201020101 EMIS results on MSM

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Crack* 

Heroin

Poppers* 

Cocaine*

Ketamine*

GHB*

Mephedrone*

Crystal* 

Amphetamine*

Ecstasy*

LSD*

Cannabis*

%

HIV positive

HIV negative/untested

Drug consumption by self‐reported HIV status

Page 13: Everywhere Final Seminar, September 2010,EMIS EMIS results .... C. Fol… · Everywhere Final Dissemination Seminar, EMIS September 10, 2010,EMIS Madrid201020101 EMIS results on MSM

24,2

10,05,3 3,7 2,6

5,7

48,6

,0

10,0

20,0

30,0

40,0

50,0

60,0

0 1 2 3 4 5 morethan 5

%

Number of drugs (last 12 months)

12% reported more than 3 different drugs 

Page 14: Everywhere Final Seminar, September 2010,EMIS EMIS results .... C. Fol… · Everywhere Final Dissemination Seminar, EMIS September 10, 2010,EMIS Madrid201020101 EMIS results on MSM

UAI with non‐steady male partners by drug use** 

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Yes No  Yes No  Yes No 

Party drugs (last 12months)*

Heroine/Crack (last 12months)*

Poppers (last 12months)*

%

*p<0,0001; **among those who had anal AI with non‐steady male partner (last 12 months)

Page 15: Everywhere Final Seminar, September 2010,EMIS EMIS results .... C. Fol… · Everywhere Final Dissemination Seminar, EMIS September 10, 2010,EMIS Madrid201020101 EMIS results on MSM

Drugs use and control over sex and sexual risk 

‘The sex I have is always as safe as I want it to be' (mean)

Association test

‘I find it easy to say NO to sex Idon’t want' (mean)

Association test

"Party drugs" (1) <0,0001 <0,0001Never or more than 12 months 4,33 4,25Last 12 months 4,2 4,18Poppers <0,0001 <0,0001Never or more than 12 months 4,32 4,25Last 12 months 4,17 4,15Heroine and crack 0,049 0,023Never or more than 12 months 4,29 4,23Last 12 months 4,15 4,06

(1) Ecstasy, amphetamine, crystal, mephedrone, GHB, Ketamine, cocaine, LSD

Page 16: Everywhere Final Seminar, September 2010,EMIS EMIS results .... C. Fol… · Everywhere Final Dissemination Seminar, EMIS September 10, 2010,EMIS Madrid201020101 EMIS results on MSM

Drug injection. EMIS 2010, Spain

*anabolic steroids excluded

1,4%

2,5%

0,0%

0,5%

1,0%

1,5%

2,0%

2,5%

3,0%

Ever injected (n=320) injected in the last 12 months(n=181)

2,5%

1,4%

Page 17: Everywhere Final Seminar, September 2010,EMIS EMIS results .... C. Fol… · Everywhere Final Dissemination Seminar, EMIS September 10, 2010,EMIS Madrid201020101 EMIS results on MSM

Socio‐demographic characteristics by injecting drug use

No Yes p

Settlement size: >500,000 51,1% 57,4% 0,041

Born in country of residence 78,1% 67,8% <0,0001

Age: Less than 25 22,7% 19,1% ns

High level of education 58,8% 51,1% 0,006

Sexual identity: Gay 79,9% 82,1% ns

Outness: out to most 64,8% 81,6% <0,0001

Visited a gay social venue* 62,4% 77,2% <0,0001

Visited a gay commercial venue* 60,6% 74,1% <0,0001

Visited a sex venue* 37,4% 49,4% <0,0001

*last 4 weeks

Ever IDU

Page 18: Everywhere Final Seminar, September 2010,EMIS EMIS results .... C. Fol… · Everywhere Final Dissemination Seminar, EMIS September 10, 2010,EMIS Madrid201020101 EMIS results on MSM

Sexual behaviour by injecting drug use

No Yes p

UAI (casual partners)*  45,9% 53,4% 0,028

Paid for sex** 7,8% 8,0% ns

Have been paid for sex** 5,0% 10,6% <0,0001

Sex abroad** 25,9% 27,7% <0,0001

*among those who have had anal intercourse with non‐steady partner in past 12m

** last 12m

Ever IDU

Page 19: Everywhere Final Seminar, September 2010,EMIS EMIS results .... C. Fol… · Everywhere Final Dissemination Seminar, EMIS September 10, 2010,EMIS Madrid201020101 EMIS results on MSM

HIV, HCV and STI self‐reported status by injecting drug use

8,6%

1,7%

11,3%

23,0%

8,2%

15,8%

,0%

5,0%

10,0%

15,0%

20,0%

25,0%

Self‐reported HIVpositive*

Self‐reported HCVpositive*

Self‐reported STIs (last12 months)*

No IDU Yes, ever IDU

*p<0,01

Page 20: Everywhere Final Seminar, September 2010,EMIS EMIS results .... C. Fol… · Everywhere Final Dissemination Seminar, EMIS September 10, 2010,EMIS Madrid201020101 EMIS results on MSM

Concerns about recreational drugs

• 5.1% were worried about their use of recreational drugs

• Among polydrug users: 17.4%

• Among IDU: 18.9%

Page 21: Everywhere Final Seminar, September 2010,EMIS EMIS results .... C. Fol… · Everywhere Final Dissemination Seminar, EMIS September 10, 2010,EMIS Madrid201020101 EMIS results on MSM

MSM who injected drugs in the last 12 months. Comparison with male IDU recruited in Harm Reduction Centers

EMIS 2010, Spain (%) REDAN 2010‐11 (%)

Born in country of residence 70,8 57,9Age: Up to 24 27,1 5,7High education 51,1 8,8OcupationEmployed 72,1 18,5

Unemployed 6,1 49,9

Other  21,8 31,6

Have been paid for sex (last 12 months) 14,2 2,4

Previous HIV test 80,6 94,6

Self‐reported HIV positive 20,6 26,5

Self‐reported HCV positive 2,8 63,3

Page 22: Everywhere Final Seminar, September 2010,EMIS EMIS results .... C. Fol… · Everywhere Final Dissemination Seminar, EMIS September 10, 2010,EMIS Madrid201020101 EMIS results on MSM

Major limitations

• Self‐selection bias; the sample may not be representative of MSM Spanish population.

• Recall bias

• The respondents were not asked directly if they used drugs before or during sex. 

• Methamphetamine: misclassification?

Page 23: Everywhere Final Seminar, September 2010,EMIS EMIS results .... C. Fol… · Everywhere Final Dissemination Seminar, EMIS September 10, 2010,EMIS Madrid201020101 EMIS results on MSM

Conclusions

• Recreational drug use is common among Spanish MSM and is well established in gay social and sexual environments.

• Higher prevalence of sexual risk behaviours among Spanish MSM who used drugs.

• Among certain subpopulations (HIV positive MSM), the prevalence of drug use is higher.

Page 24: Everywhere Final Seminar, September 2010,EMIS EMIS results .... C. Fol… · Everywhere Final Dissemination Seminar, EMIS September 10, 2010,EMIS Madrid201020101 EMIS results on MSM

Conclusions

• Although the use of injecting drugs is low, this group shows a higher prevalence of blood‐borneand sexually transmitted infections and associated risk behaviours. 

• MSM who inject drugs do not fit the typical profile of a person with a serious drug addiction. 

Page 25: Everywhere Final Seminar, September 2010,EMIS EMIS results .... C. Fol… · Everywhere Final Dissemination Seminar, EMIS September 10, 2010,EMIS Madrid201020101 EMIS results on MSM

Next steps

• To monitor drug consumption and its determinants among MSM to develop early interventions

• Improve staff knowledge about club drugs and associated harms

• Efforts to develop and to implement prevention strategies highlighting the party drugs issue and its use for sex are needed

• Closer working between drug service, HIV and sexual health clinics

Page 26: Everywhere Final Seminar, September 2010,EMIS EMIS results .... C. Fol… · Everywhere Final Dissemination Seminar, EMIS September 10, 2010,EMIS Madrid201020101 EMIS results on MSM

Everywhere Final Dissemination Seminar, September 10, 2010, MadridEMIS EMIS 20102010

Acknowledgment

All men who responded to the Survey

All the NGOs and AIDS AutonomousPlans for collaborating in the diffusion of the survey.

Funding: The EMIS project was funded by the ExecutiveAgency for Health and Consumers (EAHC), EU Health

Programme 2008–2013, co‐funded by the five AssociatedPartners [CEEISCAT; Department of Health

for England; Regione del Veneto; Robert Koch Institute,and Maastricht University]. 

In Spain, the EMIS wassupported by the Ministry of Health, Social Services and

Equality.

Page 27: Everywhere Final Seminar, September 2010,EMIS EMIS results .... C. Fol… · Everywhere Final Dissemination Seminar, EMIS September 10, 2010,EMIS Madrid201020101 EMIS results on MSM

Everywhere Final Dissemination Seminar, September 10, 2010, MadridEMIS EMIS 2010201027

www.emis‐project.euwww.ceeiscat.cat

Thanks for your 

attention