evaluation of spillover effects

Evaluation of Spillover Effects

Case: Swedish-Brazilian Research and Innovation Centre (CISB)

Produced by CISB

Project Team:

Alessandra Holmo

Claúdio Mazzola

Eduardo Nascimento

Letícia Morales

October, 2018

São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil

Summary

1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 3

1.1 CISB Aeronautics Arena History ................................................................................... 3

1.2 Existing initiatives to stimulate spillovers....................................................................... 4

2. Measuring spillover effects .................................................................................................... 7

3. Results and discussion .......................................................................................................... 9

3.1 Spillovers origins ......................................................................................................... 10

3.2 Network creation .......................................................................................................... 13

3.3 Spillover effect extension: areas and their correlation ................................................ 15

4. Study Cases ........................................................................................................................ 18

4.1 SWAMP – Smart Water Management Project ............................................................ 18

4.2 CDIO Methodology in the Brazilian Universities ......................................................... 19

4.3 Partnership between the Laboratory of Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems (LASHIP/UFSC)

e Division of Fluid and Mechatronic Systems (FluMeS/LiU) ................................................... 20

4.4 Research in hene-based composites as a multiple uses model ................................. 21

5. Conclusion ........................................................................................................................... 23

6. References .......................................................................................................................... 24

7. ANNEX ................................................................................................................................ 25

7.1 List of starting projects ................................................................................................ 25

7.2 List of spillover projects ............................................................................................... 26



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1. Introduction

Spillovers refer to the voluntary or involuntary transfer of technologies and knowledge

(or know-how) within organizations, such as firms and R&D institutions as well as

between creative individuals and organizations.

It is widely believed that spillovers drive indirect impact on regional growth through its

positive influence on employment, innovation, creativeness, entrepreneurship,

investments and territorial attractiveness.

At individual level, literature shows the following common determinants for creation of

spillovers:

• Networking: suppliers and producers, subcontractors;

• Cooperation;

• Knowledge transfer and the ability to absorb and disseminate

These determinants of the innovative environment can be found within “triple helix”

arrangement. However, connecting and coordinating actors from industry, academia,

and government is a complex process of collaboration and discovery. Also, little is

known, or even tested, regarding new combinations of university and/or industrial

partnerships for spillover effects at individual level.

Since its creation in 2011, CISB has been acting as a facilitator of dialogue between

“triple helix” (academy, industry and government) individuals and organizations from

both Sweden and Brazil. For several years, CISB has been promoting different

initiatives in order to create and foster a healthy and fruitful Ecosystem environment for

innovation.

The conditions for leveraging spillover opportunities are induced by Swedish–Brazilian

Cooperation agreement for Science & Technology (2009). Influenced by Gripen deal

with Brazil (2014), aeronautics is one of the few high-tech sectors where both Brazil

and Sweden are specialized and where complementarities are likely to emerge.

Further, aeronautics is known as broad-based technology driver sector which a cloud

of technology and knowledge is available to be transferred to other sectors.

Complementary to this, one of the main objectives of CISB is to promote the expansion

of the Brazilian Swedish bilateral cooperation beyond the aeronautical sector, using its

expertises on other types of industries such as mining, forestry, energy and

transportation.

1.1 CISB Aeronautics Arena History

The Aeronautics Arena was launched in November 2014 during the 4th CISB Annual

Meeting, with the objective of connecting actors, discussing the main technological

challenges, creating a bilateral research network, fostering the creation of a portfolio of

projects and paving the creation of a strategic long-term cooperation agenda between

the two countries in the sector.

The launch of the Arena was accompanied by the Composites & Manufacturing

Workshop in São Paulo and the 1st Brazilian Swedish Workshop in Aeronautics at ITA



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in São Jose dos Campos. In these initial workshops, the actors had the opportunity to

get to know each other and discuss ideas for solving the industries challenges, end-

user and possibilities of government support for bilateral cooperation under

construction.

In order to stimulate the continuity of the discussions initiated in the workshops and the

assembly of proposals for bilateral projects, CISB launched two innovative calls in

parallel that resulted in 40 international missions between researchers from both

countries. From these missions, more than 50 ideas were generated, which evolved

into project proposals and became part of Arena's project portfolio.

CISB as a facilitator of cooperation and through the support of its members and

partners has developed several tools to foster a collaborative environment between

Sweden and Brazil.

As result of the Arena creation it emerged a portfolio that includes 28 projects in

aeronautics. Within the projects, 28 institutions of the two countries are partners, some

of them participating in more than one project; 14 of these projects have funding and

activities in both Brazil and Sweden and 5 have funding on at least one side. Fourteen

researchers from the Joint Calls CNPq-CISB-Saab are also part of project portfolio.

The Arena's project portfolio has given strong support to the formation of the

international consortia of bilateral calls coordinated by the Swedish agency Vinnova

with FINEP, SENAI or FAPEMIG. Recently, 4 projects were approved in the FINEP-

Vinnova Call, 3 in the SENAI-Vinnova Call and 1 in the FAPEMIG-Vinnova Call.

CISB monitors and disseminates project portfolio results through a variety of tools,

such as workshops, newsletters, social media, report and special articles, as well as

ongoing monitoring of project funding opportunities

1.2 Existing initiatives to stimulate spillovers

Literature suggests that, from the international perspective, spillovers are transmitted

through the following channels:

• International trade in final goods, intermediate inputs, capital goods and high-

tech products in particular;

• Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), especially if this comes with manpower training

to operate the new machines and assimilate new production and management

techniques;

• The migration of scientists, engineers, educated people in general, or their

attendance at workshops, seminars;

• Publications in technical journals and scientific papers, invention revelations

through patenting and patent citations;

• International research collaborations or international mergers and acquisitions,

• Foreign technology payments (including the financing of R&D conducted

abroad).



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From the aeronautic industry perspective, there are three different general ways that

technological development can be “spilled” over to both national and international

actors:

• The spillovers created in joint projects through R&T and R&D in the specific

development of the project

• Corporate–Academic collaborations: Technology development leads to

spillovers through:

1) direct project participation by different companies,

2) indirect participation in various projects, and

3) joint scientific publications.

• Employees leaving the firm, together with the skills and knowledge they have

acquired from the procurement project, who can either establish their own

businesses or be employed by other firms.

As a facilitator between Swedish and Brazilian actors, CISB initiatives involve some of

the above-mentioned topics making use of the following tools to stimulate cross-

disciplinary exchange for innovation and spillover’s creation as well:

• Matchmaking and connection – mapping, workshops, seminars, study visit,

missions and training programmes

• Mobility - scholarships, research chairs and travel grants

• Institutional Relationship – MoU, expansion of the Brazilian Swedish

Aeronautical cooperation through the Swedish Endowed Professor Chair

program

• Project Portfolio - follow up of projects status, funding monitoring, spillovers

monitoring, etc.

Figure 1 - Connection & Co-creation summarizes main events organized or supported

by CISB for aeronautics sector since its creation. The size of circles refers to the total

of participants in each event.



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Figure 1 - Connection & Co-creation

From the perspective of CISB, there are several ways that technological development

can be “spilled” over to both national and international actors. According to its

experience and database, CISB has defined three different general categories of

spillovers:

• Multiple Uses Spillover: refers to technologies that are investigated

specifically for the aeronautical sector, but they have the potential to further

investigated in order to be applied in other related sectors; one example is the

use of composite materials in the automotive and oil & gas industry.

• R&D Spillover: refers to new R&D projects in a different area that were

generated from the initial collaboration (research network) in a R&D Project

within the aeronautical sector; and

• Other Spillovers: refers to other initiatives that are not directly related to the

development of research or technology, but have a positive impact in other

areas, such as Education, Innovation and creation of Research Networks



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2. Measuring spillover effects

The entire process of spillover effect emergence is naturally influenced by a number of

factors: therefore, it is difficult to find one universal method for measurement. For this

reason, it is possible to encounter various studies investigating different factors and

their influence on spillover creation, the resulting innovation creation, improving

company performance, and economic growth.

Spillover effects appears in many forms and for various reasons – many of them, so

far, not discussed. Considering the existence of spillovers at the micro level – among

inventors, scientists and researchers - the focus in this report is on spillovers that occur

through direct interaction between (a team of) individuals who work together on the

same R&D project. Working in teams involves exchanging ideas and sharing

information. Whenever co-workers collaborate on a joint R&D project, they create

knowledge spillovers. Participants of such research teams carry over their knowledge

to other teams and other projects that they are involved with.

During the past few years, an increasing number of actors in Sweden and Brazil have

made impressive efforts to collaborate in ways that could foster spillover potential

according to CISB monitoring process.

In order to understand possible spillover effects, this study proposes:

1) Identify and categorize different kinds of spillover effects derived from CISB

initiatives;

2) Relate spillover effects to different sectors other than aeronautics;

3) Discuss the benefits of identified spillover effects; and

4) Present study cases.

Thus, a structured questionnaire (survey) was therefore sent out to Brazilian

researchers from academic institutions or other organizations which had cooperative

R&D projects completed or have been running for some years. What this means is that,

by talking to specialists and leading engineers, the study tries to identify the various

ways in which ongoing research and technology development can generate

innovations and entirely new applications, some of which might apply in industries

outside the aeronautics sectors.

The survey was consisted of two sections:

- first section aimed to assess the existence of potential applications in other

sectors of a technology developed within the aeronautical sector. In the case

that this potential application was identified, it was also questioned if the

respondent was performing or knew anyone who was performing research in

order to investigate that possible application in other sector. Therefore the

projects reported in this section were classified as “Multiple use spillover”.



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- second section of the questionnaire aimed to investigate the creation of new

R&D projects or other initiatives that were initiated in the aeronautical

cooperation promoted by CISB. Therefore, the projects and initiatives reported

in this section were classified as “R&D spillover” or “Other spillover”.

CISB invited 36 interviewees/researchers from 16 Brazilian institutions to participate in

the survey. The participants were selected from CISB database and consisted of

researchers that have been supported by CISB initiatives in the past and that

maintained a close relationship with the Centre, thus facilitating the findings. From this

total, 30 interviewees responded. From the data gathered, the study develops an

empirical model to estimate different types and characteristics of spillover in a unified

framework in order to provide reliable analysis and interpretation.



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3. Results and discussion

As result of the findings in the survey and in CISB database, it was identified 28

spillover projects/initiatives that have initiated or are completed, 3 that are in discussion

and 7 that have the potential to become a spillover but were not investigated yet. For a

full list of the spillovers, please refer to ANNEX I.

The first section responses describes that 90% (27) of respondents understand that

their R&D projects in aeronautics have potential to become spillover to other industrial

areas and, of these, almost half of them (27) have investigated, at some level, its

application to other industrial sectors.

Potential spillover to other industrial

sectors

Spillover status

Figure 2 - First section responses

In the second section, 60% of respondents are also involved in additional Collaborative

Projects among universities, applied Research projects to solve industry-based

problems and/or training and skills development (i.e. PhD programs, short courses or

internships). In each project exists a linear connection of accumulated knowledge

which diffuses in transboundary academic and industrial- business projects.

Other R&D project/initiatives derived

from original aeronautical project

Status of projects/initiatives

90%

10%

Yes

No

52%

37%

7%4%

48%

Not explored Initiated Concluded Early discussions



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Figure 3 - Second Section of Responses

The continuation of projects presents a strong network with high absorptive capacity,

that is, the ability of researches to absorb the technology and/or knowledge coming

from aeronautic sector and different sources and successfully reusing for another R&D

initiatives.

3.1 Spillovers origins

CISB has promoted several initiatives to stimulate the Brazilian Swedish cooperation in

aeronautics along the years. Among them, mobility tools proved to be essential for the

establishment and consolidation of these bilateral collaborations and according to the

finding in this study, it was observed that they were also a determinant factor for the

generation of spillovers.

CISB mobility tools available can be divided 5 categories:

• CISB Grants – International Mission: Calls of innovative projects that

provided funding for one week international missions between Brazil and

Sweden, aiming to promote ideas discussions and or project start.

• CISB Grants – Senior Internship Abroad: Calls of innovative projects that

provided funding for one month stay in Sweden, aiming developing and/or

executing R&D&I projects, encouragement of partnerships and

start/consolidation of an existing research network.

• CISB Grants – SWE and PDE: Calls of innovative projects that provided

funding for six months scholarships of Sandwich PhD and Post-doc, aiming to

the formation of highly qualified human resources, promoting the

internationalization of the Brazilian science and technology and offering

condition for the Brazilian researchers involved in the Brazil-Sweden

cooperation in the aeronautic sector to develop their studies and researches.

40%33%

20%7%

60%

Not Explored

Collaborative research projects

Applied Research to solve industry-based problems

Training and Skills Development

40% 50%

7%3%

60%

Not explored Initiated

Concluded Early discussions



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• CNPq-CISB-Saab: Joint calls of CNPq, CISB and Saab provided funding for

up to twelve months scholarships of Sandwich PhD and Post-doc, aiming to the

formation of highly qualified human resources, promoting the

internationalization of the Brazilian science and technology and offering

condition for the Brazilian researchers involved in the Brazil-Sweden

cooperation in the aeronautic sector to develop their studies and researches.

• Swedish Professor Chair Program: Endowed Chair for four important

academics from LiU, KTH and CTH to stay at ITA for a period of 3 years, aiming

to promote joint education, bilateral research, support to the research agenda in

aeronautics sector and expansion of cooperation.

The figure 4 summarizes the different CISB mobility tools along the years, where

the size of the circles is proportional to the duration of the support provided.

Figure 4– CISB Mobility tools

Then, according to the data collected in the survey and in CISB’s database, we

identified several spillover projects and initiatives that had origin in one or more of

these mobility tools. These results are summarized in figure 5.



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Figure 5 – Spillovers generate by the CISB mobility tools

At first glance, it can be observed that the majority of the spillovers were generated

from the international mission’s calls (grants 01/2014 and grants 02/2014) and from the

CNPq-CISB-Saab joint calls (call 2 and 4). However, it is important to notice that these

calls were only the starting point for the collaboration created and consequent spillover

effect.

Most of the researchers that reported spillovers have continued their collaboration and

have been supported by other subsequent CISB mobility tools. Also, in the first two

international missions and in the CNPq-CISB-Saab calls 2 and 4, 47 researchers were

supported in total, whereas in the Swedish Professor Chair Program, the funding is

concentrated in the 4 Professors.

Another important finding is the time between the start of the project and the start of the

spillover. It is known that the process of spillover generation takes time, so the elapsed

time between the aeronautical project start and the spillover project or initiative start

were also measured. The results are summarized in the histogram in figure 6, were the

elapsed time were grouped in periods of 12 months (or one year). The data shows that

the average time for the spillover generation is 29 months, whereas the majority of it

where generated between 25 and 36 months and less than 20% of the spillovers took

more than 36 months to start.



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Figure 6 – Elapsed time between aeronautical project and the spillover project/initiative

3.2 Network creation

Universities and R&D participants in cooperation create synergies and knowledge,

which could be also appropriated by companies (industry). This fact could then explain

the generally high rate of success in R&D co-operation projects. These positive effects

influence the innovation capacity of firms as well as the research capabilities of

universities and R&D institutes. In other words, the factors that contribute to the

creation of spillovers in other sectors are: the capacity of the industry to absorb the

university knowledge, the investments of the industry in technology and R&D and the

capacity of the industry to raise public funding for innovation.

Also, the creation of an ecosystem innovation is to in the near future cause indirect

impact on regional growth through its positive impact on employment, innovation,

entrepreneurship, investments and territorial image/attractiveness.

Table 1 presents the list of institutions that participated in the initial aeronautical project

and the institutions involved in spillover generated. Regarding Universities and R&D

institutes, both countries demonstrates an increase in ecosystem innovation due

spillover initiatives. Regarding Industry, both countries also presents an increase of

participation of companies (some Swedish headquarters and Brazilian subsidiaries)

from different areas as interested parts for Applied Research Projects. In terms of

areas, the industries range from automotive, oil and gas, mining, construction and

services. There are many reasons why R&D spillovers differ from one project to

another. Industries differ in their absorptive capacities of the technologies of their

competitors. Some technologies leak out more easily, so that firms using those

technologies will have higher outgoing spillovers.

4 4

15

12 2

0

5

10

15

0 - 12 13 - 24 25 - 36 37 - 48 49 - 60 61 - 72

Nu

mb

er o

f sp

illo

vers

Elapsed time (months)



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Table 1 - Network for Innovation

Aeronautics Project Spillover

BR SWE BR SWE Other Countries

Universities &

R&D Institutes (18) CPqD, FMU,

IFES, IME, ITA,

PUC-RJ, PUC-RS,

UFABC, UFES,

UFMG, UFPA,

UFRGS, UFSC,

UFSM, UnB,

Unicamp, USP,

USP/EESC

(9) BTH,

CTH, HIS,

KTH, LiU,

LTU,

Lulea,

SICS

(RISE),

ACREO

AB (RISE)

(22) CPqD,

Embrapa, FEI, IFES,

IME, IPT LEL, ITA,

Mackenzie, SENAI,

UERJ, UFABC,

UFAM, UFC, UFMG,

UFPA, UFPE,

UFSC, UFSM, UnB,

Uni Nilton Lins,

Unicamp

(8) BTH, CTH,

HIS, KTH, LiU,

LTU, RISE,

Sweria

(11) International : VTT Technical

Research Centre of Finland Ltd

(Finland), Consorzio di Bonifica

dell’Emilia Centrale (Italy) and

Bolonha University (Italy), European

Institute of Innovation and

Technology (Europe), Hanyang

University (South Korea), Korea

Institute of Carbon Convergence

Technology (South Korea),

Université Laval (Canada), University

of Rome Tor Vergata (Italy),

Consorzio Nazionale

Interuniversitario per le

Telecomunicazioni (Italy), University

of Rome Sapienza (Italy), Poznan

University of Technology (Poland)

Industry (1) Saab

AB,

(11) Argo-Hytos,

Autotrac, General

Motors Brasil,

LeverTech, Parker

Hannifin, MEI/CNI,

Reivax Automation

and Control, Scania

Latin America, Shell

Brazil, Sorg, VALE

SA

(7) Saab AB,

Volvo Cars,

Prodtex, Volvo

Construction

Equipment,

NIRA

Dynamics,

Scania AB

(2) Intercrop Iberica (Spain),

Quaternium Company (Spain),

Government (4) Anatel, Brazilian

Army, IAOp, IEAv

Embassy of

Sweden in BR

Countries Brazil Sweden Brazil Sweden Belgium, Canada, Finland, Italy,

Poland, South Corea, Spain

One important data to be observed in table 1 is the involvement of 12 institutions of 7

countries other than Brazil and Sweden in the spillover projects/initiatives. This results

indicates that the initial collaboration between the two countries have the potential of

increase the internationalization of the Brazilian institutions, in a broader perspective.

The figure 7 presents a real example of the network expansion due to the spillover

effect. This picture refers to an example of applied research project (CMComp -

Computational Mechanics for improved Composites) for the development of composite

materials for aeronautical structures with potential application in the automotive and oil

& gas industry.



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Figure 7 - Network derived from Spillover

3.3 Spillover effect extension: areas and their correlation

The aeronautical sector is well known as a driver of technology development that can

be posteriorly transferred to other sectors. This capacity is illustrated in figure 8, which

includes all the areas achieved by the spillover effect identified in this study. At the core

it is the CISB Aeronautics Arena, stimulating the bilateral cooperation within this sector.

Surrounding it, in the first circle, are present the sectors that can have a direct

technology transfer process from the projects started in the aeronautical sector, such

as automotive and space. In the second circle, are present the areas that are not

directly related to aeronautics field, but were achieved by the spillover effect in this

study, such education, human health and entrepreneurship.



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Figure 8 – Spillover industry areas derived from Aeronautic Projects

It is also interesting to notice the connection and correlation between the spillover

areas, showing its interdisciplinary and transversal character. For instance, a spillover

project that arise from aeronautics and it is placed in the digitalization area, can also

encompass autonomous systems, agriculture and sustainability. The figure 9 presents

the areas of applications of the spillover projects and initiatives reported by the

researchers. Digitalization, which clusters key enabling technologies such as: IoT, ICT,

Industry 4.0, Smart Cities, Automation and Robotics has the largest presence,

attracting to its orbits practically all other areas. It should be pointed out that

Digitalization is one of key technological areas responsible for increasing

productivity/competitiveness in other industrial sectors through the development of

complementary/innovative products or services. The second largest groups is

automotive since it is considered as a sector which comprises several similarities to

aeronautics, followed by Autonomous Systems, Mining, Oil & Gas and Composite

Materials. The study also points out to the potential for extended spillover in softer,

non-technological areas of knowledge creation (education and innovation

management), and business development (entrepreneurship).



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Figure 9 - Spillover areas and their correlation



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4. Study Cases

CISB selected 4 study cases that will be explored in the next session. The choice of

those cases was made according to the quantity and quality of information available

and also their categories representativeness (Multiple Uses, R&D Spillover and Other

Spillovers).

The purpose of the study cases is to show the how the collaboration starts in the

aeronautical scope and how it evolves until reach the spillover effect, that means

describe their history of success.

4.1 SWAMP – Smart Water Management Project

Category: R&D Spillover

Areas: Internet of Things (IoT), Sustainability, Agriculture, Autonomous Systems.

How and when it starts: The relationship between the Federal University of ABC

(UFABC), FEI University Centre (FEI), Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) Clavister,

Levertech and CISB started in November 2014, through the workshops “1st Brazilian

Swedish Workshop in Aeronautics and Defense” at the Aeronautics Institute of

Technology (ITA) and “Cyber Security Workshop” at UFABC, supported by CISB,

which lead to the pre-project "Towards SMARTer Cities", with CISB acting as a

facilitator. This initial relation generated a project idea for the CISB Call for Innovation

Projects 01/2015, which was approved and allowed study visits by Professor Carlos

Kamienski (UFABC) and Prof. Rodrigo Maia (FEI) to KTH in Stockholm for a period of

1 week, in April 2015. These visits in turn developed the project idea by the partners

and resulted in the proposal "SmarTCloud project (Secure and Distributed Cloud for

Digital Market in Smart Cities)" that was applied in the joint call EU-Brazil Research

and Development Cooperation in Advanced Cyber Infrastructure. Although the project

was not approved, the proposal generated experience and initial trust between the

partners, which allowed a new application, this time with the SWAMP Project in the 4th

BR-UE Coordinated Call in Information and Communication Technologies, including

the collaboration of new partners in Brazil and Europe, which was then approved on

August 2017. According to their expertise, CISB was invited to participate in the

proposal building and the execution of the project, responsible for the work packages of

dissemination and communication.

Project description: The SWAMP project aims to develop a concept of intelligent

irrigation system of high precision for agriculture. The main idea is to enable the

improvement of irrigation, distribution and water consumption systems based on a

holistic analysis based on concept of Internet of Things that collects information from all

aspects of that system, including the natural water cycle and the accumulated

knowledge related to the cultivation of specific plants. It will results in savings for all

parties, because, besides detecting leaks and losses, it will ensure better water

availability in situations where water supply is limited.



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Institutions involved: Federal University of ABC (SP – Brazil), Federal University of

Pernambuco (PE – Brazil), FEI University Centre (SP – Brazil), Embrapa - Brazilian

Agricultural Research Corporation (SP – Brazil), LeverTech Technology (DF – Brazil),

CISB (SP- Brazil), VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd (Finland), Intercrop

Iberica (Spain), Quaternium Company (Spain), Consorzio di Bonifica dell’Emilia

Centrale (Italy) and Bolonha University (Italy).

4.2 CDIO Methodology in the Brazilian Universities

Category: Others Spillovers

Areas: Engineering, Education, ICT.

How and when it starts: For a few years now, the Military Institute of Engineering

(IME) has been in a renewal process, seeking to meet the increasingly demanding

technological challenges of the Brazilian Army and of Brazil as a whole. Part of this

process involves looking at the centres of excellence world and the pursue Institute's

approximation with the Brazilian Defence Industry. In this sense, Sweden emerged as

a good model called Triple Helix, where government, industry and academia

collaborate for social development. In 2012, one member of the Science and

Technology Department of the Brazilian Army (DCT/EB) participated in the Open

Innovation Learning Week, which consists of a week of program in Sweden with

lectures and technical visits to several Swedish institutions, learning about its model of

innovation. After that Army DCT chose CISB and Sweden as a partner in the Brazilian

Army Transformation Project. In 2014, General Barroso Magno, rector of IME went to

Sweden and in this opportunity, Prof. Svante Gunnarsson, leader of the CDIO

(Conceive, Design, Implementation and Operate) initiative at Linköping University (LiU)

presented this new framework to the IME delegation, which chose it as a new

education methodology to be implemented in its courses.

Through CISB network, Prof. Gunnarsson had the chance the present the CDIO

framework for several stakeholders in Brazil. In June 2017 he was invited to participate

in a panel about how to build convergences between Industry, Technology and

Education during the CNI MEI Innovation Conference for the Industry, in São Paulo,

Brazil. He also presented the framework to other representatives of Brazilian industry,

academia and government, in other opportunities such as (i) directly for representatives

of the University Methodist of São Paulo and FEI University Centre in June 2017, (iii)

during the "Immersion in Innovation Ecosystems: Sweden" organized by CISB and

Euvaldo Lodi Institute (IEL/CNI) in October 2017 and (i) in the seminar "Innovative

Experiences in Engineering Courses", organized by the Entrepreneurial Movement for

Innovation of the National Confederation of Industry (MEI / CNI), which counted on the

participation of representatives of 16 universities to discuss the strengthening and

modernization of engineering in the country.

Project Description: The CDIO initiative is an educational framework that emphasizes

the fundamentals of engineering in the context of conceiving, designing, implementing

and operating real-world systems and products. Throughout the world, CDIO

collaborators have adopted the methodology as the framework for their curriculum



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planning and results-based assessment. The CDIO approach utilizes active learning

tools such as group projects and problem-based learning to better equip engineering

students with technical knowledge as well as communication and professionals skills.

In addition, the CDIO Initiative provides resources for teachers at the member

universities to improve their teaching skills.

At IME, 4 undergraduate courses were chosen as pilots for CDIO implementation,

starting in 2017 and with duration of 5 years. This process involves several steps, such

as mappings, adaptations and improvements, training of faculty and students and

creation of appropriate environments. To achieve that, 2 representatives of IME were

selected for a post-doctoral period of 6 months (from September 2015 to February

2016) at LiU and in close collaboration with KTH, when they had the opportunity to

understand in practice the characteristics, the operation of this methodology and

establish an implementation plan at IME.

The Immersion, held in 2017, attracted attention to the rector of the Federal Institute of

Science and Technology of Espírito Santo (IFES) and adviser to the National Council

of Federal Institutes (CONIF), and Prof. Nattan Caetano Vice-coordinator of Aerospace

Engineering at the Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), who showed interest in

implementing CDIO in their respective institutions.

As consequence of the approach to the MEI / CNI provided by the CISB, Prof Svante

Gunarsson took part of the working group in Brazil aiming to modify the engineering

courses. As result, the CDIO methodology was part of the publication organized by this

working group called "Recommendations for the Strengthening and Modernization of

Engineering Education in Brazil" launched in June 2018, indicating some standards

that could be applied to the Brazilian reality.

Institutions involved: Military Institute of Engineering (RJ - Brazil), CISB (SP – Brazil),

Linköping University (Sweden) and Royal institute of Technology (Sweden).

4.3 Partnership between the Laboratory of Hydraulic and

Pneumatic Systems (LASHIP/UFSC) and Division of Fluid and

Mechatronic Systems (FluMeS/LiU)

Category: R&D Spillover and Other Spillovers

Areas: Sustainability, Automation and Robotics.

How and when it starts: The partnership started in 2011, when the FluMeS leader,

Prof. Petter Krus, met with the LASHIP leader, Prof. Victor De Negri, in one of his first

visits to Brazil, supported by CISB and Saab AB, with the objective of starting point of

collaboration between Sweden and Brazil. Since then the Professors have established

a strong connection and have developed several collaborative research projects

applied in aeronautics, which also involved student exchange and collaboration with

industry. Furthermore, the projects did not remain in the aeronautical sector. Because it

is multidisciplinary aspect, the Professors were able to expand their collaboration to

other areas of application. In these 7 years, CISB has acted as a facilitator and catalyst

for this collaboration, through several actions such as seed money for missions, co-



Review 1 21

organization of workshops, exchange graduate student funding and management of

the Endowed Swedish Professor Chair Program*. All these initiatives have allowed the

consolidation of this cooperation, which already has shown solid results and impact in

other sectors.

Description of the project: At least 3 collaborative projects between LASHIP and

FluMeS, outside the aeronautical sector, can be described. The first called

"Experimental and Theoretical Analysis of the Hydrostatic Transmission for Wind

Turbines" was supported by the industries Parker Hannifin, who collaborated with

knowledge and components for the test bench, and Reivax Automation and Control,

who collaborated with knowledge and components for the control and connection of the

system to the electrical network. The focus of the project was to demonstrate the use of

hydrostatic transmission and turbine rotor control while driving a synchronous

generator with a direct connection to the grid, all using off-the-shelve components. The

second project is called "Theoretical-experimental analysis on a hydraulic press brake

controlled by variable-speed pump-motor", with the collaboration of Sorg Machinery

Ind. and Com. Argo-Hytos AT Fluid Power Systems Ltda. and had the objective to

carry out a theoretical and experimental analysis of a new synchronized hydraulic

press for the development of more energy efficient machines. Both projects resulted in

master's theses of LASHIP students with co-supervision of Prof. Petter Krus. The third

project involved an internship of a LASHIP student who spent 6 months in Sweden, 3

months in Volvo Construction Equipment and 3 months in FluMeS. The name of the

project is "Investigating the potential of a hybrid loader," using modelling and simulation

for optimization in terms of fuel consumption and operability of machines.

Institutions involved: Federal University of Santa Catarina (SC – Brazil), Parker

Hannifin (SC – Brazil), Reivax Automation and Control (SC – Brazil), Sorg Machinery

Ind. and Com (SC – Brazil), Argo-Hytos AT Fluid Power Systems Ltda (SC – Brazil),

Linköping University (Sweden) and Volvo Construction Equipment (Sweden)

4.4 Research in Graphene-based composites as a multiple uses

model

Category: Multiple Uses Spillover

Areas: Automotive, Oil&Gas, Composite Materials.

How and when it starts: In August of 2017 Prof. Ragnar Larsson, from Chalmers

University of Technolgy (CTH), signed his work plan for the 4th Chair of the Endowed

Swedish Professor Chair Program and started planning his first mission to Brazil in

October of the same year. As part of the program, Prof. Larsson aimed to expand

research cooperation between Brazil and Sweden with graphene as a common

research theme. In order to support him in the search for partners, CISB, with its

expertise, organized a week of visits to key institutions in Brazil that carry out research

on the topic of graphene, among them: Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG),

ITA, State University of Campinas (Unicamp) and Mackenzie Presbyterian University

(Mackenzie). During these visits, with support from the CISB, Prof. Larsson presented

his research and opportunities of collaboration with Brazil, visited the laboratories of the



Review 1 22

Brazilian universities and learned about their research lines. Although the focus of the

research of Prof. Larsson within the Endowed Swedish Professor Chair Program is

based on the application of graphene to composites for aeronautics, this is a

technology that can be used by many sectors such as automotive, energy and

electronics. For this reason, Volvo Cars and Scania, CISB’s members and potential

technology stakeholders, were invited to the visit of MackGraphe, Mackenzie's

Graphene and Nanomaterials Research Center. On the occasion the representatives of

the companies had the opportunity to discuss challenges and capabilities in the area

and some collaborative projects have been designed since then. In addition, as

continuity of activities with Prof. Ragnar Larsson, CISB, in partnership with UFABC and

Saab AB, is organizing in 2018 the Workshop "Carbon based Nanocomposites:

Cutting-edge technology for multiple use", which aims to bring together Brazilian and

Swedish experts from both academia and industry to present the state of the art in this

field and discuss future collaborations.

Project Description: Graphene is a material with potential to revolutionize the current

industry thanks to its unique properties such as mechanical strength, very low density

and high electrical conductivity. Combined with other materials such as carbon fibres

and epoxy resin, this composite can be used in aeronautical structures that are subject

to high levels of mechanical stress, resulting in improved mechanical resistance

combined with electrical conductivity, all with a reduction of up to 20% of the weight in

relation to the materials currently used. This same technology can be expanded to

other areas such as in automobile structures where mechanical strength associated

with weight reduction is crucial to achieving energy efficiency. In terms of research,

there is a lot of points to be explored in terms of synthesis, processing, processing,

modelling, characterization and applications. The objective is to find synergy between

the actors with different capabilities to achieve the better results in several applications.

As result of the Scania visit to the MackGraphe, nowadays they are discussing a

project in this field and also starting the discussion to the other important actor Institute

for Technological Research - Lightweight Structures Laboratory (IPT LEL), which has

been performing projects using this technology to replace steel in in wheel automotive

and oil & gas (platform).

Institutions Involved: Aeronautics Institute of Technology (ITA), Federal university of

ABC (SP – Brazil), State University of Campinas (SP – Brazil), Federal University of

Minas Gerais (MG – Brazil), Mackenzie Presbyterian University (SP – Brazil), CISB

(SP – Brazil), Scania Latin America (SP – Brazil), Chalmers University of Technology

(Sweden), Saab AB (Sweden), Volvo Cars (Brazil and Sweden) and IPT LEL (SP -

Brazil)



Review 1 23

5. Conclusion

The empirical study using individual-level data describes some evidences of new forms

of spillover effects that are a result of CISB initiative in bilateral cooperation in areas of

technology and innovation

The results show that most of projects proactive, and able to derive new spillover

effects in other sectors further than aeronautics, where arises opportunities to absorb

and exploit technologies. These include technological spillovers in software, transport,

energy, manufacturing, and education areas.

It is thus clear that spillovers are becoming more important: (i) at the individual levels

and (ii) within cooperation between various partners providing a “multiplier effect”. The

positive effect of spillovers observed in this study shows from the belief that the

cooperation in R&D bilateral projects requires both intensive contacts and a high level

of trust arising from previous initial relationship.

The creation, dissemination, use and especially spillover are key process that

strengthen bridges among bilateral Cooperation agreements and also, help companies

with their innovative activities; and CISB has been able to understand and create

neutral conditions for triple helix actors leveraging co-creation and generating large

amounts of knowledge and technology spillover for Brazilian surrounding ecosystems.



Review 1 24

6. References

Bayar et al. An Analysis of R&D Spillover, Productivity and Growth Effects in the

EU', presented at: Knowledge for Growth: Role and Dynamics of Corporate R&D.

1st European Conference. 2007. Available at: http://iri.jrc.es/concord-

2007/abstracts.html

Cincera, Michele. Firms Productivity Growth and R&D Spillovers: An Analysis of

Alternative Technological Proximity Measures. 2005 CEPR Discussion Paper No.

4894. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=730584

Franco Malerba & Maria Luisa Mancusi & Fabio Montobbio. Innovation, International

R&D Spillovers and the Sectoral Heterogeneity of Knowledge Flows. KITeS

Working Papers 204, KITeS, Centre for Knowledge, Internationalization and

Technology Studies, Universita' Bocconi, Milano, Italy, revised Oct 2007. 2007

Hájek, P.; Stejskal, J. R&D Cooperation and Knowledge Spillover Effects for

Sustainable Business Innovation in the Chemical Industry. Sustainability 2018, 10,

1064. 2018

K Han, W Oh, KS Im, RM Chang, H Oh, A Pinsonneault. Value cocreation and

wealth spillover in open innovation alliances. MIS Quarterly, 291-315. 2012

KEA. Creative SpIN, Creative Spillovers for Innovation, Thematic Network

baseline study, URBACT II Regional Policy. 2012. Available at

www.keanet.eu/docs/creativespin_baselinestudyfinal.pdf

Michele Cincera & Bruno Van Pottelsberghe. International R&D spillovers: a survey.

Brussels Economic Review, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles, vol. 169(169), pages

3-31. 2001

Swedish Agency for Growth Policy Analysis. Nurturing spillover from the Industrial

Partnership between Sweden and Brazil: The Gripen deal and its spillovers Government

assignment. 2016.

Swedish Agency for Growth Policy Analysis. Spillover Effects - The Gripen project

with a focus on the industrial partnership between Sweden and Brazil. 2017

Tania Babina and Sabrina T. Howell. Entrepreneurial Spillovers from Corporate

R&D. 2018. https://www.tse-fr.eu/seminars/2018-entrepreneurial-spillovers-corporate-

rd

http://iri.jrc.es/concord-2007/abstracts.html

http://iri.jrc.es/concord-2007/abstracts.html

https://ssrn.com/abstract=730584

https://www.tse-fr.eu/seminars/2018-entrepreneurial-spillovers-corporate-rd

https://www.tse-fr.eu/seminars/2018-entrepreneurial-spillovers-corporate-rd



Review 1 25

7. ANNEX

7.1 List of starting projects

CISB ID Starting Point Origin Project Name Start Date

Brazilian Insitution

Swedish Insitution

03-2012-A CNPq-CISB-Saab SwB Call 1

Design and analysis of software-based mechanisms for handling hardware failures in IMA

June/12 ITA CTH, Saab

AB


A reactive programming language for wireless sensor networks

April/13 PUC-RJ CTH, Saab

AB


Monte Carlo based Bayesian estimation using sensor arrays

April/13 ITA LiU, Saab

AB

11-2013-U CNPq-CISB-Saab SwB Call 2

Radio over Fibre to provide connectivity on smart cities April/13 UFPA KTH, Saab

AB


Energy efficiency in hydraulic systems using digital hydraulic principles

April/13 UFSC LiU, Saab

AB

14-2013-D CNPq-CISB-Saab SwB Call 2

Simulation of Cyberthreats Impacts on Intent in C2 (Command and Control) Systems

April/13 ITA HIS, Saab

AB


Optimized Quasi-Orthogonal Waveforms for Multi-Antenna Radar Systems

April/13 UFSM BTH, Saab

AB


Improvements to the EM method in system identification June/14 UFRGS LiU, Saab

AB

31-2015-A CISB Grants 01/2014 - International Mission

Techniques of security and software engineering for development of aeronautics embedded systems

Dec/14 ITA LiU, Saab

AB


Simulation of Composites for applications in the aeronautical industry

Dec/14 USP/ICMC CTH, Saab

AB


Verification of Fault-Tolerant Embedded Systems with Reconfigurable SelfHealing Hardware using a Correct-by-Construction Design Flow

Dec/14 UnB KTH, Saab

AB


AeroLog Lab - Logistics and Maintenance Engineering Lab

Dec/14 ITA LTU, Saab

AB


Design and Commissioning of a Snake Robot for Aeronautical Manufacturing Operations

Dec/14 ITA LiU, Saab

AB


Hybrid nanostructured composites for enhanced mechanical properties

Dec/14 UFABC Saab, Saab

AB

45-2015-A Swedish Endowed Professor Chair 2 - KTH

PreLaFloDes - Laminar flow design and surface quality requirements

June/16 ITA,

USP/EESC KTH, Saab

AB


Prediction of post-cure residual stresses and distortions in the fabrication of composite structures

Dec/14 ITA KTH, Saab

AB

47-2015-A Swedish Endowed Professor Chair 1 - LiU

MSDEMO - Methods for Future Aircraft Design Study and Demonstration

April/15 ITA LiU, Saab

AB


Composite material 3D woven fabric for reinforcement of mechanical joints and other stress concentrations

Dec/14 ITA Lulea,

Saab AB

50-2015-U CISB Grants 01/2014 - International Mission

Towards SMARTer Cities Dec/14 UFABC KTH, Saab

AB


Robustness Analysis in the Frequency Domain of Mechatronic Systems using Efficient Algorithms

July/15 UFSC LiU, Saab

AB


Frequency Response Analysis of the Robotic Platform of SIVOR Project

July/15 ITA LiU, Saab

AB



Review 1 26

CISB ID Starting Point Origin Project Name Start Date

Brazilian Insitution

Swedish Insitution


Data-driven fault diagnosis via causality detection methods

July/15 UFES LiU, Saab

AB


The use of bi-angle laminates in the optimization of full-scale composites aircraft stiffened panel

Sept/15 UFMG KTH, Saab

AB


Aircraft distributed structure health monitoring based on advanced OTDR techniques

Sept/15 Unicamp/CPqD RISE

ACREO, , Saab AB


Towards Autonomous Avionics Applications using Run-time Reconfigurable SoCs

Sept/15 UnB KTH, Saab

AB


Analysis of the impact of hidden failure on system reliability

Sept/15 UFSC LiU, Saab

AB


Switched systems using directional hydraulic control valves and variable speed pumps for use in aircraft

Sept/15 UFSC LiU, Saab

AB


Design and Commissioning of a Human Factors Laboratory for Aeronautics

Sept/15 ITA LiU, Saab

AB


Robust Target Detection on SAR Images Sept/15 UFSM BTH, Saab

AB

68-2015-A CISB Grants 02/2015 - Senior Internship Abroad

Models of Computation (MoC) supporting Adaptively in Real Time Embedded Systems - MARTES

Oct/15 Unicamp KTH, Saab

AB


Adaptive Heterogeneous System Modeling for Applications in Aviation Critics Systems using Computing Model based Platform

Sept/15 UnB KTH, Saab

AB

70-2017-A Swedish Endowed Professor Chair 4 - CTH

CMComp - Computational Mechanics for improved Composites

Sept/17 ITA CTH, Saab

AB

- OILW Open Learning Innovation Week Sept/12 CISB -

7.2 List of spillover projects

CISB ID Spillover Project/Initiative

Name Area

Start Date

Brazilian Institution

Swedish and/or International

Institution

Multiple Use

R&D Spillover

Other Spillovers

Development stage

03-2012-A DFEA2020 project and KARYON

Automotive ITA CTH, Scania AB,

Volvo x Completed

04-2012-A Energy Efficiency for IoT Software in the Large

IoT Apr/18 UERJ CTH x Ongoing

10-2013-A Undefined Automotive - UFC LiU, NIRA Dynamics

x Discussions



Review 1 27


Name Area

Start Date



Institution

Multiple Use

R&D Spillover

Other Spillovers

Development stage

10-2013-A Bilateral research on Statistical processing of signals

Autonomous Systems

Jan/18 UFC LiU x Ongoing

11-2013-U The Royal Gardens Case Project

IoT Jan/16 UFPA

KTH International:

European Institute of

Innovation and Technology (EIT

Digital)

x Completed

11-2013-U BRIGHT - Bringing 5G Connectivity in Rural and Low-Income Areas

IoT, Smart Cities

Mar/18 UFPA

KTH International: University of Rome Tor Vergata,

Consorzio Nazionale

Interuniversitario per le

Telecomunicazioni, University of

Rome Sapienza, Poznan

University of Technology

x Ongoing

13-2013-A

Partnership between the Laboratory of Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems (LASHIP/UFSC) e Division of Fluid and Mechatronic Systems (FluMeS/LiU)

Renewable Energy

May/16

UFSC, Parker

Hannifin, Reivax

Automation and Control,

Sorg Machinery, Argo-Hytos

AT Fluid Power

Systems

LiU, Volvo Construction Equipment

x x Ongoing

14-2013-D Personnel Training in Internet of Things

Education, ICT

Sept/18 ITA, Anatel HIS x Ongoing

19-2013-D

High Resolution Synthetic Opening Radar: Digital Processing for Target Detection

Automotive, Autonomous

Systems Mar/15

ITA, UFSM, IEAv

BTH, Saab x Ongoing

19-2013-D

SAR System For Penetration Of Cups And Foliage For Target Detection And Obtaining High Resolution Topographic Maps

ICT, Security - ITA, IEAv,

IAOp BTH, Saab x Discussions

26-2014-A - Automotive - - - Potential -



Review 1 28


Name Area

Start Date



Institution

Multiple Use

R&D Spillover

Other Spillovers

Development stage

31-2015-A -

IoT, Industry 4.0,

Automotive, Smart Cities,

Mining

- - - Potential none

33-2015-A - Industry 4.0 - - - Potential -

37-2015-A

System on Chip for the Sensing and Control of a Robotic Hand Prosthesis

Human Health,

Robotics Mar/17 UnB - x Started

37-2015-A ForSyDe SysML ICT Feb/17 UnB KTH x Ongoing

38-2015-A AeroLogLab-ITA Logistics and Maintenance, Industry 4.0

Feb/17 ITA, Brazilian

Army LTU x Ongoing

40-2015-A Snake Robot for Automotive Inspection Applications

Automotive, Maintenance

Marc/17

ITA, SENAI, General

Motors Brasil - x x Ongoing

42-2015-A

Study of the effects of graphene on mechanical and electrical properties in polymers for applications in artificial muscles

Automation and

Robotics, Automotive

Jan/17 UFABC,

Mackenzie LU, CTH Potential x Ongoing

45-2015-A

Developing a collaboration with Research Center for Gas Innovation (USP/FAPESP/Shell)

Oil & Gas Jan/17

ITA, USP-Poli,

FAPESP, Shell Brazil

KTH x Discussions

46-2015-A Multigraph Light

Space, Automotive, Composite Materials

Sept/17 ITA, UFABC CTH, Saab AB Potential x Ongoing

47-2015-A Masters Program in Systems Engineering and Innovation

Education, Engineering, Innovation

May/16 UFABC LiU x Ongoing

47-2015-A Workshop on “Digitalization of the Amazon”

ICT, Entrepreneur

ship Oct/17

ITA, UFABC, UFAM, Uni Nilton Lins, Unicamp

LiU, Embassy of Sweden in

Brasilia x Started

48-2015-A - Oil&Gas - - - Potential none



Review 1 29


Name Area

Start Date



Institution

Multiple Use

R&D Spillover

Other Spillovers

Development stage

50-2015-U SWAMP - Smart Water Management Project

IoT, Water Management, Agriculture, Autonomous

Systems

Aug/17

UFABC, UFPE, FEI, Embrapa,

LeverTech, CISB

International: VTT Technical

Research Centre of Finland Ltd

(Finland), Intercrop Iberica

(Spain), Quaternium Company (Spain),

Consorzio di Bonifica

dell’Emilia Centrale (Italy) and Bolonha

University (Italy).

x Ongoing

51-2015-A Robustness Analysis of Electrical Machines

Renewable Energy

Nov/17 UFSC International:

Université Laval (Canada)

Potential x Ongoing

52-2015-A Business Development between FlexAM and Sweria

Automation and Robotics

May/18 ITA Prodtex, Sweria x x Ongoing

54-2015-A Failure diagnostics and performance monitoring in pelletizing furnace

Industry 4.0 Mining

Oct/16 ITA, VALE x Ongoing

55-2015-A Composite helical spring

Automotive, Composite Materials

Jun/17 UFMG

International: Hanyang

University, Korea Institute of

Carbon Convergence Technology (KCTECH)

x Ongoing

56-2015-A

Distributed acoustic optical fiber sensor for conveyor belts health monitoring

Mining May/18 CPqD RISE x x Ongoing

57-2015-A System on Chip for satellite communications system

ICT July/18 UnB and Autotrac

KTH x Started

59-2015-A - Oil&Gas - - - Potential -

60-2015-A Quantitative control; Control switched

Mining Feb/16 UFSC LiU, Saab AB x Ongoing

62-2015-A - Automotive - - - Potential -

63-2015-D - Smart Cities - - - Potential -

68-2015-A

Run-time Reconfiguration Techniques Analysis applied to Embedded Systems using Reconfigurable Processor

IoT, Autonomous

Systems Jan/18 Unicamp, ITA KTH x x Completed



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Name Area

Start Date



Institution

Multiple Use

R&D Spillover

Other Spillovers

Development stage

69-2016-A Compilador Haskell-HW IoT Marc/18

UnB KTH x x Started

70-2017-A Research in Graphene-based composites as a multiple uses model

Automotive, Oil & Gas, Composite Materials

Oct/17

ITA, CISB, Scania Latin

America, Volvo Cars,

UFABC, Mackenzie,

UFMG, Unicamp, IPT

LEL

CTH, Saab AB, Volvo Cars

x x x Ongoing

- CDIO Metodology in the Brazilian Universities

Education, Engineering,

ICT Nov/14

IME, CISB, MEI/CNI,

UFSM. IFES, LiU, KTH x Ongoing

evaluation of spillover effects

Documents