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Filtration of water

PURE WATER TREATMENT


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Water treatmentNo matter if you need drinking wateror water for commercial or industrialuse, the water must undergo some kindof treatment before the water has therequired quality. The complexity of thetreatment clearly depends on the state ofthe water supply, groundwater and sur-face water, and on the final application.The below model gives you an idea ofthe different water treatment steps

needed to change the water fromgroundwater to ultra-pure water.

From groundwater to drinking waterOne of the most important uses for wa-ter is drinking water. The required waterquality is obtained in a pressure filterwith individually composed layers of filtermedia for example for neutralization ofaggressive carbon dioxide or for

collection of iron, manganese, ammo-nium, and mechanical impurities. In orderto dimension a filtration plant, the qualityof the inlet water must be known.EUROWATER offers to make the necessarywater analysis free of charge.

From drinking water to "pure water"Probably every manufactured productuses water during some part of the pro-duction process. Industrial water use

includes water for such purposes as fa-bricating, processing, washing, diluting,cooling, heating, or transporting a pro-duct, incorporating water into a product,or for sanitation needs within the manu-facturing facility.

EUROWATER is in a position to carry outprojects within any industry and field ofapplication.

Visit eurowater.com to learn more aboutEUROWATER and our products.

Pressure filters for treatment of water

For more than 70 years, EUROWATER has developed, manufactured, and marketed completewater treatment plants employing air and water backwashed pressure filters.

From groundwater to pure waterGROUNDWATER

Conductivity app. 30-800S/cm

DRINKING WATERConductivity app. 30-800

S/cm

SOFTENED WATERConductivity app. 30-800

S/cm

DEMINERALIZED WATERConductivity app. 5-30

S/cm

ULTRAPURE WATERConductivity app. 0.06-0.2

S/cm

Oxydationa

nd

filtration

Softeningb

y

ionexchange

Reverseosmosis

Demineralizationby

ionexchange

orEDI

Removed elements

98 % saltsPotassium (K+)Sodium (Na+)

Chloride (CI-)Nitrate (NO3

-)Sulphate (SO4

--)Silicic acid (SIO4

-)Alkalinity (HCO3

-)

Removed elements

Calcium (Ca++)Magnesium (Mg++)

Removed elements

Iron (Fe++)Manganese (Mn++)Ammonium (NH4

+)

Nitrite (NO2-)Aggressive carbon dioxide (CO2)Phosphorus (P)Arsenic (As+++)Hydrogen sulphide (H2S)Methane (CH4)

Removed elements

Sodium (Na+)Chloride (CI-)Nitrate (NO3

-)

Sulphate (SO4-- )Silicic acid (SIO4

-)Alkalinity (HCO3

-)

The impurities of water

Inorganic salts/common ionsIron, manganese, ammonium, calcium,magnesium, sodium, bicarbonate, chloride,sulphate, fluoride, and nitrate

Dissolved organic compounds

Naturally occuring: humic acidContaminating: pesticides, phenols,solvents, oil, and petrol

ParticlesSand, rust, and colloids

MicroorganismsBacteria, viruses, algae, and fungi

GasesCarbon dioxide, oxygen, methane, andhydrogen sulphide


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What can be filtered and how?

The below table gives a survey of problems caused by selected impurities in the water, provensolutions, and the type of filter medium known to solve the problem in the best possible way.

The table does not illustrate the complexity of the real world. If you encounter problemswith the water, you are welcome to contact us for advice and guidance. EUROWATER has thenecessary know-how of correct water treatment and guarantees quality and performance.

Impurities Solutions Filter media

AggressiveCO2

Aggressive carbon dioxide corrodes concrete, piping, and hot-

water tanks of black steel. The corrosion products make the

water turbid and the water becomes red with rust and ochre.

The carbon dioxide is often present in raw water in earth strata

deficient in calcium.

Aggressive carbon dioxide can be neutralized in a

pressure filter employing a calcium-containing filter

medium. In special cases, aggressive carbon dioxide

can be removed by degassing.

Magno-Dol

Problems

The presence of ammonium indicates microbiological

activity in the water, possibly resulting from fertilization,

contamination, or from geology. Nitrite in raw water is often

present as a residual product of an incomplete ammonium

conversion. Nitrite also indicates contamination and

microbiological activity.

NevtracoAmmonium is converted into nitrite and afterwardsnitrate through biological nitrification. Nitrification

requires much oxygen and sufficient filter medium.

Ammoniumand nitrite

Activated carbonBAM can be reduced in a pressure filter with a filter

medium of activated carbon. Activated carbon is

a natural product made from pit coal, wood, or

coconut shells. Among other things, an activated

carbon filter can remove free chlorine, p esticides,and organic solvents.

Contamination from pesticides is primarily a result of the use

of the herbicides Caseron G and Prefix G for weed control. The

decomposition product 2.6 dichlorobenzamide BAM

comes from dichlorobenil and chlorthiamid, which are the

active substances of Caseron and Prefix.

Pesticidesandchlorine

Arsenic is a natural element and related to certain

geochemical environments. Arsenic is found in two forms,

As(III) and As(V) of which As(III) is more poisonous and

harder to remove from the water. According to WHO, arsenic

poses serious health hazards when ingested and has been

associated with skin cancer and various organ diseases.

Arsenic combines with iron and can be removed

through co-precipitation with iron. If insufficient

iron is available in the raw water for this process,

the iron content in the water can be increased

by addition of iron chloride. Another approach

is to remove arsenic by adsorption in a pressure

filter with a special filter medium containing iron

hydroxide.

Iron granulateArsenic

Iron and

manganese

Often, the worst problems of waterworks are iron and

manganese because of discolouration of washing and sanitaryappliances in buildings. Typical signs of elevated contents

or iron and manganese in water are that the water becomes

ochre-coloured or black with a metallic taste.

After oxidation, iron and manganese can be filtered

off in a pressure filter. The filter medium can bequartz sand, Nevtraco, or Hydrolit-MN.

Gravel

A recarbonation filter with various calcium-

containing filter media is employed for hardening

of the water hardness, for example minerals have

to be added to demineralized water before use.

Adjustmentof hardness

Hydrolit CACalcium and magnesium mainly determine the total hardness

in the water. A large content results in hard water, a small

content in soft water. The hardness of the water is measured in

German degrees of Hardness (GH).

Suspendedsolids

A depth filter is also known as a multimedia filter

because the solution combines surface and depth

filtration in one pressure filter. The advantage is that

a large volume of suspended matter and particles

can be removed in one filter. The filter media quartz

sand and hydro-anthracite are used for this purpose.

Hydro-anthraciteIf the water contains much suspended matter (high turbidity)

such as surface water, there will be an increased need for

frequent filter washing when traditional sand filters are

employed.


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One plant many applications

EUROWATER has great expertise in developing reliable pressure filters with a long life and minimumneed of maintenance and the applications are many.

Removal of iron, manganese, and ammonium in

waterworks. Flow rate: 2 x 35 m/h.

Solution:

Pressure filters 4 x TFB 35 (primary and secondary filter)

Oxidation equipment comprising compressor and

aeration and control air system

Blower and rinse pump for backwash

Frequency-controlled discharge

Complete plants with choice of external connection of

maintenance personnel and watchmen via the internet

Likewise alarming via SMS and generation of daily,weekly, monthly, quarterly, and yearly reports

Drinking waterWaterworks and companies/householdswith own water boring needing drinkingwater quality use filtration in pressurefilters to reduce contents of aggressivecarbon dioxide, iron, manganese,ammonium, pesticides, and arsenic.

Test samples are taken at the waterworksand at the consumers to check the waterquality. The water must be clear and

without colour, smell, or taste. If the waterdoes not comply with the drinking waterstandards, filtration will often be thesolution.

Process waterIndustries are large consumers of cleanwater. Pressure filtration is often used aspretreatment before other watertreatment, such as softening anddemineralization. Reuse of process wateris another example of application withinindustrial water treatment.

Other applicationsOur filters are also applied to solve other

problems such as:

dechlorinationfiltration of seawaterparticle filtrationrecarbonation of demineralized waterpercolate filtrationfinal filtration of wastewater

Arsenic removal by means of adsorption in waterworks.

The solution comprises an automatic pressure filter type

NSB 170 installed after open filters. Flow rate: 12 m/h.


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Our dimensioning of an individual plant isbased on a water analysis combined withseveral other parameters that all influencethe right solution: water quality, operatio-nal requirements, flow rate, filtration rate,and rinse frequency. Add to this: choice ofmaterials, surface coating, and individu-ally composed filter media.

Flow rates up to 100 m/hIn our standard programme, the flow

rates of pressure filters range between1-100 m/h per filter. These plants can solvefiltration problems even in water with ex-treme pH-values and temperatures. Theproduct programme covers a wide rangeof plant sizes making it possible to adaptthe solution and thus your investmentto the individual requirements for filte-red water. If the pressure filter is used asa two-media filter or as a sand filter, theflow rate can be increased to 200 m/h.

Own productionWe manufacture our own filters and thatgives us the unique advantage of being

able to control the entire productionprocess from selection of supplier andwelding of vessels and pipe system to as-sembly, pressure testing, and dispatch ofthe plant from our factory in Denmark. Inthis way, the plant complies with the highperformance criteria of the industry.

Pressure filter configurationThe composition of the filter is individualbased on the problem to be solved. The

three most frequent configurations are:single filter, parallel filter, and primary andsecondary filters. In single and parallelfilters, the raw water is oxidized andfiltered once. The advantages of parallelfilters are enlarged capacity and thepossibility of backwashing one filter whilethe other is in operation.

In primary and secondary filters, the wateris oxidized twice and also filtered twice.This method is used when single filtration

is insufficient to reach the required waterquality.

The optimum solution

Selection of pressure filters depends on application, water quality, and water consumption.We are at your disposal for information and know-how about the right solution.

A great many consumers are situated so that connec-

tion to a large, municipal waterworks is not practical or

desirable. The technical solution will of course be based

on the same principles as the large water supplies. A

pressure filter type NSB is ideal for small and medium

drinking water supplies.

Manuelt trykfilter NSYdelse fra 1 til 12 m3/time

Automatisk trykfilter NSBYdelse fra 1 til 12 m3/time

Manuel/automatisk trykfilter TF/TFBYdelse op til 100 m3/time

Manual pressure filter type NSFlow rates from 1 to 12 m/h

Automatic pressure filter type NSBFlow rates from 1 to 12 m/h

Manual/automatic pressure filter type TF/TFBFlow rates from 1 to 100 m/h


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Oxidation and aerationIn our standard programme, the raw wa-ter is oxidized with atmospheric air to aidthe precipitation processes and to oxidizethe water to the regulations in force. Thewater is oxidized inside the pressure filterso that precipitations are not formed inthe inlet piping. An integrated aerationand spraying system ensures optimum

oxidation at the right place in the filtra-tion process. External aeration can besupplied on request.

Nozzle plate - optimum operationIn the lower part of our pressure filters,there is a nozzle plate which brings somesignificant advantages. First of all, it ensu-res even distribution of load for optimumutilization of the filter medium. Further-more, stagnant water is avoided - bothduring operation and during backwash,which is important in order to limit bac-

terial growth.

Efficient backwash with air and waterThe special design with the nozzle platealso results in an efficient and evenbackwashing. The filter media is cleanedthrough backwashing at even intervalsdependent on the quality of the rawwater and the water consumption. Toclean the filter, a strong air flow is blownupward through the filter to loosenembedded particles that afterwards areremoved through backwashing withwater. In special cases, it is necessary touse a combination washing with air andwater. After backwash, the filter is againready for use.

Reuse of rinse waterTo save water, the rinse water can oftenbe reused as raw water after filtration andUV disinfection.

Compact pipe systemThe pipe system for manual and automa-tic pressure filters is either surface coated,hot-dip galvanized, of black steel, or alter-natively of stainless steel or PE (polyethy-lene). The result from the water analysisis decisive for the selection of corrosion-resistant materials.

Our automatic pipe systems are con-structed with one actuator for four valves,thereby minimizing the risk of incorrectvalve positioning. Pressure filters withmonitoring of operation and backwashhave a pipe system equipped with moni-toring of the valve positioning.

Efficient and reliable plants

Pressure filters are long-term investments and the requirements of EUROWATER for the best pos-sible materials are a matter of course. Our time horizon will often be 25 years. Our filters have some

significant advantages: easy to use, completely safe operation, and low wash water consumption.

Oxidation and aerationof water

Nozzleplate

Automatic airdischarger

Pressure gauge

Test cock

Pressure gauge

Test cock

Pneumaticactuator

Spraying system

Type plate withserial number


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Surface coatingThe filter vessels are of steel and there-fore extremely robust and less sensitive

to changes in pressure. The compositionof the water and the temperature deter-mine the selection of surface coating.We offer a wide range of options withwhich we have great experience. Surfacecoating is classified as inside and outsidesurface coating.

Normally, outside surface coating will besand blasting and efficient priming fol-lowed by synthetic enamel in an optionalRAL colour. Inside, the filter vessels caneither be without coating or with coa-

tings suitable for different applications.Specific requirements for hygiene anddrinking water approval can often be

met. In most countries, such an approvalis indispensable in order that the pressu-re filter can be used within water supplyand food production.

Several of the filter vessels are surfacetreated with polyethylene (PPA) both in-side and outside. Thus, the filter vesselsacquire the strength of steel combinedwith the strong corrosion resistance of asynthetic material. Hot-dip galvanizing orstainless steel are other options.

The Pressure Equipment Directive (PED)

All our pressure filter plants comply withthe pressure equipment directive of the

EU. This directive sets out common stan-dards for the design and manufacture ofpressure equipment.

Degassing of dissolved gases such as aggressive carbon dioxide, methane, and hydrogen

sulphide is a precondition of optimum filtration. Photo: degassing and pressure filtration

in brewery.

Complete water treatment solution comprising a pressure filter and technical

equipment for oxidation and backwashing.

User-friendly controlAll control solutions are custom-fitted to the require-ments of the individual waterworks or industry.We offer a wide range of controls from simpleprogrammers to PLC controls, solutions combiningcontrol, regulation and monitoring, web-basedsystems, and systems based on GSM communication.

SE10 and SE20 controls. Control box.


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EUROWATER has an international sales

and service organization. Our service carsare equipped with a broad range of spareparts, often enabling us to solve problemsat site and in this way ensuring reliableoperation of your water treatment plant.We offer service contracts and around-the-clock service.

Pure water treatment since 1936

EUROWATER is an international groupwith subsidiary companies in 14 countriesservicing our customers through 21 localoffices. Moreover, we are represented inmost of the other European countriesthrough dealers that all are watertreatment specialists.

After sales service

Reduction of iron, manganese, aggressive carbon dioxide, and ammonium in waterworks. The solution comprises

5 x TFB 75 connected in parallel, blower, and rinse pump. Flow rate: 265 m/h. The colour of the tanks is custom-made.

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PURE WATER TREATMENT

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