EUROPEANS EXPLORE THE EASTChapter 19

Section 1

Key Terms• Bartolomeu Dias• Prince Henry• Vasco da Gama• Treaty of Tordesillas• Dutch East India Company

The Drive to Explore

• Driven by search for wealth

• Desired expensive spices, silk, perfume from India and China

• Flow of good to Europe controlled by the Italians

• Some people wanted fame and glory

The Drive to Explores

• Hoped to spread faith into new lands

• Writings by Marco Polo intrigued explorers

• Introduced to different goods the Crusaders

• Muslims and Italians controlled goods from the East to West

Advances in Technology

• Compass and astrolabe helped in navigation

• Compass always pointed North

• Astrolabe used the moon and stars

• Ships built to ride lower in the water

• Capable of withstanding heavier waves

Advances in Technology

• Had larger cargo holds• Caravel- a light fast ship, highly maneuverable

• Steered from a rudder in the stern

• Triangular sails to catch the wind

• Could be used to sail directly into the wind

Advances in Technology

• Could be equipped with cannon

• Could face hostile ships

• Popular because of maneuverability and defensive ability

Explorers from Spain and Portugal

• Portugal- first country with large scale voyages

• Henry the Navigator-the prince was a patron of the explorers

• 1400’s Henry established a small court

Prince Henry

• 1415 helped to conquer Muslims in North Africa

• Saw dazzling wealth beyond Europe

• Portuguese found• Pepper• Cinnamon• Cloves and other spices• Gold, silver, and jewels

Explorers from Portugal and Spain

• Sailors• Mapmakers• Astronomers• People interested in

navigation

• Explored the Atlantic• Western coast of Africa

• Settled in the Azores and Madeira islands

Explorers from Portugal and Spain

• Portuguese sailors learned Africa’s coast

• Gold and slave trade• Goal to find a water route around Africa to India

• 1488 Bartolomeu Dias first European to sail around southern Africa

Explorers from Portugal and Spain

• 1497 Vasco de Gama set out for India

• 10 months to reach India

• Learned about Muslim traders

• Rounded Africa in 1498

• Explored Africa’s east coast

Portuguese Sailors Reach Asia

• Port Calicut in India• Amazed at the stores filled with• Spices• Rare silks• Precious gems

• Cargo was worth 60 times the cost of the voyage

• Trip 27,000 miles

Explorers from Portugal and Spain

• Portuguese established trading centers in India

• Sailed to lands in Indonesia

• Became one of the richest and most powerful people

Portugal’s Trading Empire

• Portugal built a fort at Hormuz

• Had control of the strait of Hormuz

• Stopped Muslim traders from reaching Spain

• Wanted to crush Muslim-Italian domination over Asian trade

The Spanish

• 1492 Isabella and Ferdinand agreed to pay for Christopher Columbus’s voyage

• Though he could sail west to China

• Theory correct, size of the earth was wrong

• Reached the Caribbean

The Spanish

• Thought he reached Asian islands after two months

• Called the people Indians

• Returned to Spain in 1493

• Brought back native Americans, gold silver, parrots, plants

The Spanish

• Columbus made three more trips

• Opened door to colonization

• Portuguese thought Columbus claimed land for Spain that they reached first

Spain Also Makes Claim

• Rivalry between Spain and Portugal grew more tense

• Pope Alexander VI stepped in to keep the peace

• Pope drew a line in the Atlantic

Treaty of Tordesillas

• All lands to the West of the line went to Spain

• Lands to the East Portugal

• Spain included most of the lands in the Americas

• Portugal received modern day Brazil

Other Nations Challenge Portugal

• 1600 English and Dutch challenged Portugal’s dominance

• Netherlands leading sea power with 20,000 ships

• Pressure from English and Dutch Eroded Portugal’s influence

East India Company

• Both countries formed the company

• Had power to • Mint money• Make Treaties• Raise their own armies

• Dutch East India Company richer and more powerful

• Drove out the English

Dutch Trade Outpost

• Dutch establish headquarters on the island of Java

• 1600’s extended its control of the India Ocean

• 1700’s Amsterdam became a leading commercial center

• Controlled the Cape of Good Hope

British and French Traders

• 1700 Britain and France gain a foothold

• England focused energy on India• Traded Indian cloth to

Europe

• France faced attacks by the Dutch

• Establish an Indian outpost by 1720

British and French Traders

• Europeans battled for Indian Ocean Trade

• Influence in Southeast Asia Limited

• European traders did take control of many port towns

• People of Asia remained unaffected by European contact