European European ExplorersExplorersEuropean European ExplorersExplorers

Spanish Conquistadors and French, Spanish Conquistadors and French, English, and Dutch Explorers in the English, and Dutch Explorers in the

New WorldNew World

F.O.A. (Bellwork)

What words come to your mind when you see this picture? Give me legitimate answers.

F.O.A. (Bellwork)

What words come to mind when you see this photo? Give me legitimate answers.

Know the difference!! • CONQUISTADOR

A CONQUEROR WHO IS LOOKING FOR GLORY AND GOLD

• EXPLORER PERSON

EXPLORING THE LAND TO ALLOW OTHERS TO SETTLE AND CONQUER

1st conquest… Moctezuma and the

Aztecs!! • Conqueror- Cortes• How long did it take- two times• Spanish conqueror, Cortes, causes

the Aztec empire to FALL!!

Aztec Empire

Cortes

2nd conquest… Atahualpa and the

Incas!!• Conqueror- Francisco Pizarro• 1532 Pizarro captured the leader,

Atahualpa, and executed him. • Without their leader the empire

COLLAPSED!!

Inca Empire

Dudes

Why were the Spanish so successful?

• Spanish had the BEST military equipment!!

• The Native Americans were frightened of the Spanish horses that were brought over during the Columbian Exchange.

• Many of the Native Americans were killed by European diseases.

3 More Spanish EXPLORERS!!

• Ponce de Leon searched all of Florida looking for the Fountain of Youth that would keep him forever young.

• De Soto and Coronado

• 1539-1542 De Soto explored Florida looking for gold… instead found the MISSISSIPPI River

• Coronado searched all of the Southwest part of North America looking for the “7 cities of gold”

Result of the Conquistadors and

Explorers from Spain• PERMANENT SPANISH SETTLEMENTS!!! • 3 TYPES

– Pueblos- towns where farming and trading was at the center

– Presidios- forts where soldiers lived– Missions- Religious settlements run

by Catholic priests and friars

The Four Social Classes of New Spain

• 1. Peninsulares- Held the highest jobs in the governments and the churches. Owned large pieces of land, and LOTS of gold and silver.

• 2. Creoles- People born in the Americas to Spanish parents. Many were wealthy and well educated. Owned farms and ranches. Taught at universities, and practiced law.

Social Classes Continued

• 3. Mestizos- Mixed Spanish and Indian background. Worked on farms and ranches owned by Peninsulares and Creoles. In the cities they worked as carpenters, shoemakers, tailors, and bakers.

• 4. Indians- the lowest class. Treated as conquered people.

Encomienda System• Allowed settlers to tax the Indians

or make them work.– In exchange, the Spanish were

supposed to protect them

• This actually led to Indians being enslaved– Growth of the African slave trade– Had immunity to European diseases– Middle Passage and African Diaspora

INTRODUCING… The French, English, and Dutch

Explorers

• John Cabot- English- searched for the Northwest Passage – Water route connecting Pacific & Atlantic

Oceans

• Jacques Cartier - French- traveled more than halfway up the St. Lawrence river searching for the Northwest Passage

French, English, and Dutch continued…

• Henry Hudson - Dutch (1) English (2)- Searched for the Northwest Passage… instead discovered the Hudson Bay in upstate New York

• English explorers wanted to get a charter– Permission to start a colony

Causes and Effects of the Exploration of the

Americas• CAUSES• Europeans want more

goods from Asia. • Europeans look for a

sea route to Asia.• Rulers of European

nations look for ways to become more wealthy

• Columbus finds America!!

• EFFECTS• Spain builds an empire

in the Americas • English, French, and

Dutch set up colonies in North America

• Millions of Native Americans die from European diseases

• Slave traders bring enslaved Africans to the Americas

Leading to…. • EUROPEAN COLONIZATION IN

NORTH AMERICA!!! The discovery of these colonies in North America caused the Europeans to begin thinking that there was a place where they could have religious freedom and not be so restricted on who they worshipped and how!!

• Martin Luther and the Protestant Reformation– Broke away from the Catholic Church– Aided by the printing press

• Henry the Eighth of England– Church of England (Anglican Church)