european exploration of canada
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European exploration of canadaPresentation Transcript
1. European Exploration of Canada
2. European Exploration of CanadaWho discovered and explored the land we know as Canada?
Was it the first people who crossed the land bridge? Was it the Norse people of northern Europe ?Or was it John Cabot or Jacques Cartier who first claimed it for their respective nations?
In reality, the exploration of Canada was accomplished by many people and nations over thousandsof years.
3. First SettlementThe first settlers of Canada were people from Asia.
They migrated via the Bering Strait land bridge (connecting Siberia and Alaska) some 12000 yearsago.
These first settlers are the present day native Inuit.
4. The First European Explorers - VikingsIn the 11 th century, the Norse people of Scandinavia (Vikings), had already established areputation in Europe for being great boat builders and daring in their seamanship.
Lonni Margulies
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They used their boats to carry out raids on their European neighbors, and then to travel to Icelandand Greenland.
5. The First European Explorers- VikingsWith their extensive travels, a group of Norse caught the first glimpses of North America.
The telling of these trans-oceanic adventures was passed down to others by oral tradition and thenwritten down in what has become known as the Vinland Sagas.
These stories tell of the journeys of various Norse including Leif Erikson and the discovery ofVinland.
6. The First European Explorers- VikingsViking contact is supported by the remains of a Viking settlement in L'Anse Aux Meadows,Newfoundland.
The Vikings were the first to cross the Atlantic to live in North America. They did not stay longand it would be another 500 years before another European would sail to North America.
L'Anse Aux Meadows Reconstruction of Viking Site - Newfoundland
7. Viking Exploration
8. 16 th Century European ExplorationIn the 16 th century, several European countries were determined to find a sea route to the richtrading countries in the east as they wanted to avoid the dangerous overland journeys through theMuslim empires.
The Portuguese sailed down the cost of Africa and east to the Indies. The Spanish sailed west afterColumbus’ voyage and soon controlled the central and southern parts of the Americas.
England and France had little choice but to look for another way. They believed this other way laynorth of Spanish control – the Northwest Passage.
9.Giovanni Caboto was an experienced Italian navigator, known to the English as John Cabot.
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He was hired by King Henry VII of England to make a voyage of discovery westward, looking fora route to Asia.
In 1497, he left England and one month later saw land. He called it ‘new found land’ and traveledalong for 30 days before returning to England.
Cabot believed he had reached Asia and was then sent on a second voyage to explore the land heclaimed for England,
England – John Cabot
10. England – John CabotCabot was the first to report on a part of America after Columbus, but his explorations were furthernorth in colder regions on the shores of what we know as Canada today.
Without a ship’s log, historians have still been able to use various accounts to piece togetherCabot’s journeys. They believe he visited the land between Labrador and Cape Breton.
Cabot’s second journey (May 1498) to Newfoundland was ill-fated. He never returned.
11. England – John Cabot
12.Even though the land of Canada was claimed by the English, it was the French who first began toexplore further inland and set up colonies.
It began in 1534 when the King of France, Francois I, sent Jacques Cartier to, “discover certainislands and lands where it is said there is large amount of gold and other riches to be found.”
France – Jacques Cartier Jacque Cartier
13. France – Jacques CartierCartier left for Canada with two ships and 61 men to look for a way to Asia. In the course of thissearch, he explored what later became known as Newfoundland, the Magdalen Islands, PrinceEdward Island and the Gaspé Peninsula.
While at Prince Edward Island, he traded with the native people. This was the first act of much
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trade between the French and native people.
Cartier was also the first European to explore deeply into the interior through the St LawrenceRiver.
14. France – Jacques Cartier Cartier’s First Voyage
15. France – Jacques Cartier Cartier’s Second Voyage
16.Martin Frobisher was the first Englishman since Cabot to look for the Northwest Passage.
The Northwest Passage was the fabled sea route that Europeans hoped would link them to Asia.
European exploration for this passage made them aware of a whole new world or continent whichproved to be profitable through fishery and fur trade.
Frobisher though, in his pursuit for the Northwest Passage was the first European to sail into whatlater became known as the Hudson Strait.
England – Martin Frobisher
17. England – Martin Frobisher Frobisher’s First Voyage - June 7, 1576 - October 9, 1576 Frobisher’sThird Voyage - May 31, 1578 - August, 1578
18. 17 th Century European ExplorationOne hundred years after the first explorations, Europeans were taking advantage of fishingCanada’s rich Atlantic waters.
At the turn of the 17 th century, trade with the natives grew with the rich resource being beaverfurs.
The growth in this industry led to the first European settlements in Canada.
The most prominent of the explorers/settlers was the Frenchman Samuel De Champlain.
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19.Samuel De Champlain was a sailor who became respected for his skills in navigating andmapmaking.
He was instrumental in forming alliances with the native peoples in Canada and generally openingNorth America up to French trade.
He spent months at a time exploring and recording his travels.
France – Samuel De Champlain Champlain’s Map of New France (1632)
20.On July 3, 1608, he established the first permanent settlement of Quebec in Canada.
Champlain was also the first European to see the Great Lakes.
France – Samuel De Champlain
21. France – Samuel De Champlain Champlain’s First Voyage – July 1603
22. France – Samuel De Champlain Champlain’s Second Voyage – May 1604
23. France – Samuel De Champlain
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