European Exploration and Settlement: 1492-1607

European Ideas and Eventsimpacting North America

• 1096- Crusades begin• 1271- Marco Polo explores China• Trade, plague ends feudalism, leads to• Renaissance developments

1. rise of the city- banking, joint stock company, trade2. Nation-State supplants the Church3. Ideals of Renaissance= explorer4. New inventions, technology

Marco Polo Italian Explorer1254-1324

Main Trade Routes: 500-1500

Anxious investors wait for news about the South Sea Company, a joint stock company formed in London in 1711. Joint stock companies are a form of partnership in which each member, or stockholder, is financially responsible for the acts of the company.LIBRARY OF CONGRESS

After forcing many Jews to be baptized and then referring to them as "marranos" (i.e. swine), and after an Inquisition in which some 700 marranos were burnt at the stake for showing signs of "Jewish" taint, Spain expels all Jews from the country.

Spain, 1492

Zhu Di’s Map of the World, circa 1405

Shanhai Yudi Quantu Map, circa 1425

The Four Voyages of Christopher Columbus

Effects of the Columbus Voyages

1.America’s land led to end of feudalism2.Gold creates inflation – destabilizes European economy3.Political power shifts to Spain4.Treaty of Tordesillas (1492)

Great Biological Exchange

Old World to New World: New World to Old World:

Diseases:

Smallpox MeaslesChicken PoxMalariaYellow FeverInfluenzaThe Common Cold

Syphilis

Animals:

Horses CattlePigsSheepGoatsChickensHoneybeesEarthworms

TurkeysLlamasAlpacasGuinea Pigs

Plants: Rice WheatBarleyOatsCoffeeSugarcaneBananasMelonsOlivesDandelionsDaisiesCloverRagweedKentucky Bluegrass

Corn (Maize)Potatoes (White & Sweet Varieties)Beans (Snap, Kidney, & Lima Varieties)TobaccoPeanutsSquashPeppersTomatoesPumpkinsPineapplesCacao (Source of Chocolate)Chicle (Source of Chewing Gum)PapayasManioc (Tapioca)GuavasAvocados

Old World to New World New World to Old World

1494

Hernan CortesConquers Aztecs1519-1521

Cortes’ Conquests,1519-1521

Missions in North America

Red= Spanish

Yellow= French

Henry Hudson, Netherlands

Third Voyage, 1609

Peter Minuit (Lynden) purchases Manhattan for trinkets worth $24, 1626

New Netherlands, 1661

Defeat of the Spanish Armada, 1588