Chapter 14: The Formation of Western Europe, 800-1500

Section 1: Church Reform and the CrusadesMain Idea:

Why it matters now?

Setting the Stage:

Monastic Revival and Church Reform

Problems in the Church1.2.

Simony=3.

Reforms Begins at Cluny1. When?2. Where?3. What happened?4. What did it influence?

Reform & Church Organization

● Papal Curia=

● Canon Law=

Preaching Friars● Friars=

● Dominicans=

● Franciscans=

Religious Orders for Women

● Poor Clares=

Cathedrals- Cities of God

A New Style of Church Architecture● Romanesque=● Gothic=

● City of God=

The Crusades

● Pope Urban II=

● Goal of Crusades=

Causes of Crusading Spirit

● Motives-● How did this benefit Europeans?

Crusade # What happened? Result:1

2

3

4

The Crusading Spirit Dwindles

The Later CrusadesExample 1: Example 2:

A Spanish Crusade

● Reconquista=● Result?

● Inquisition=

The Effects of the CrusadesNegative Effects: Positive Effects:

Section 2: Trade, Towns and Financial RevolutionMain Idea:

Why it matters now?

Setting the Stage:

A Growing Food Supply

1. Using Horsepower

2. The 3 Field System

The Guilds● Guilds=

A Commercial Revolution=

1. Fairs & Trade

2. Business & Banking

3. Society Changes

Urban Life Flourishes:

1. Trade & Towns Grow Together

2. Merchant Class Shifts the Social Order

○ Burghars=

The Revival of Learning

Muslim Connection Scholars & the University Vernacular

Section 3: England and France DevelopMain Idea:

Why it matters now?

Setting the Stage:

England Absorbs Waves of Invaders

1. Early Invasions:

2. The Norman Conquest

a. William the Conqueror=

England’s Evolving Government

● Henry II=

● Eleanor of Aquitaine=

Juries & the Common Law=

The Magna Carta=

The Model Parliament

● Parliament=

Capetian Dynasty Rules FranceFrance Becomes a Separate Kingdom Philip 2 Expands His Empire Philip 2’s Heirs

Estates-General=

Beginnings of Democracy:

Section 4: The Hundred Years’ War & The PlagueMain Idea:

Why it matters now?

Setting the Stage:

A Church Divided

● Pope and King Collide

● Avignon and the Great Schism

○ Avignon=

● Great Schism=

A Scholarly Challenge to Church Authority

● John Wycliffe=

● Jan Hus=

The Bubonic Plague Strikes

Origins & Impact Effects of Plague

The 100 Years’ War1. Origins

2. Longbow Changes Warfare

3. Joan of Arc

4. Impact of 100 Years War