Lecture 16

ETY494 – Introduction to Biomedical Engineering (2019 Spring Semester)

MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT UNIVERSITY OF CRETE

TECHNOLOGY

Biocompatible CAD Holes Optical fiber n-type/ p-type Parameters (Phy, Che, Bio) Photoresist Semiconductor Substrate Quantum dots (QDs) Waveguide

BIOLOGY

Antibody Bacterium Biomarker Buffer solution Caenorhabditis elegans (C.

elegans) Fluorophore Larva Protein Virus

2

3

http://www.shutterstock.com/pic-352653281/stock-vector-two-old-wooden-beer-mugs-clink-glasses-of-them-pouring-foam.html

Ancient Greece Medieval Europe

https://www.vivino.com/wine-news/cheers-why-exactly-do-we-toast-with-wine http://www.greek2m.org/wines-like-nectar

4

Sight

Touch

Smell Taste

Hearing

Vitruvian man

5 http://paperzip.co.uk/topics/misc/ourselves/5-senses-cards

6 http://www.academia.dk/Blog/a-canary-in-a-coal-mine-in-the-19th-century-and/

http://www.wisegeek.org/what-does-it-mean-to-be-a-canary-in-a-coal-mine.htm

http://collider.com/best-indiana-jones-movies-ranked-worst-to-best/

http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Core/Analytical_Chemistry/Analytical_Chemistry_2.0/11_Electrochemical_Methods/11D%3A_Voltammetric_Methods

7

http://www.limerickfamilyplanning.ie/pregnancy-testing/

Detects hCG protein in urine Detects glucose in blood

8

TRANSDUCER SIGNAL RECEPTOR INSTRUMENT

SENSOR

OPEN

CLOSE

ENVIRONMENT

9

Enzyme

Antibody

Micro-organism

Cell

BIORECEPTOR

Electroactive substance

pH change

Heat

Light

Mass change

Electrode

SemiconductorpH electrode

Thermistor

Photon counter

Piezoelectric device

TRANSDUCER ANALYTE SIGNAL

A sensor device for detecting and measuring very small quantities or changes in a biochemical or chemical substance, in which a microelectronic component registers reactions related to the substance and translates them into data

A device which uses a living organism or biological molecules, especially enzymes or antibodies, to detect the presence of chemicals.

10

BioMEMS

Biosensor Biodevice

Biochip

The biochip is a microarray (a collection of miniaturized test sites) arranged on a solid substrate that permits many simultaneous tests to be performed, allowing higher throughput volume and speed.

A hypothetical computer logic circuit or storage device in which the physical or chemical properties of large biological molecules (such as proteins) are used to process information

A small glass or silicon plate containing an array of biochemical molecules or structures, used as a biosensor or in gene sequencing

μTAS

interested in developing, studying and using innovative materials, devices and systems inspired by biological systems and/or addressing biomedical requirements. Monitoring and diagnostics devices, sensors and instrumentation systems, biorobotics and prosthetics, micro-nanotechnologies including microfluidics systems and biomaterials are some of the technologies addressed at this conference.

Any device constructed from biological components

Total Analysis System (TAS) describes a device that automates and includes all necessary steps for chemical analysis of a sample e.g. sampling, sample transport, filtration, dilution, chemical reactions, separation and detection. A lab-on-a-chip (LoC) is

a device that integrates multiple laboratory operations on a single chip platform and utilizes micro volumes of liquids to perform chemical or biochemical operations

A lab-on-a-chip is a miniaturized device that integrates onto a single chip one or several analyses, which are usually done in a laboratory

Lab-on-a-chip BioMEMS use micro-size components such as sensors, transducers, actuators, and electronic devices for biological and/or biomedical functions or applications

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Sight

Touch

Smell Taste

Hearing

Vitruvian man

senses!

Electrochemical

Acoustic-Mechanical

Sensors?

Optical

SENSOR

Piezoelectric material Electric circuit Supports mechanical waves Amplitude Wavelength Frequency

Amplitude

Wavelength

High and Low Frequency

12

13

Pads

IDTs

Piezoelectric material

Electric circuit

DELAY LINE How to determine operation frequency?

1) Choose the material (v) • Quartz •LiTaO3 •LiNbO3 •AlN •ZnO

λ

v=λ·f ⇝ f=v/λ

Frequency

Am

plitu

de

fo

3) Find operation frequency (f)

4) Signal response

2) Choose the geometry (λ)

Operation frequency 10 MHz – 5 GHz

+ - + - + - + -

Amplitude

Phase

Penetration depth Affects the acoustic wave

14

ΔA ΔPh

Viscocity

Mass loading

0 Time

Sign

al

Buffer Buffer Protein G Buffer IgG

Signal

Amplitude

Phase

15

Bacteria Buffer

Type of electrochemical sensors Amperometric Conductimetric Impedimetric Potentiometric

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Substrate

Contact Contact

• Nanowire • Graphene • Semiconductor • …

http://www.britannica.com/technology/metal-semiconductor-field-effect-transistor

A detector Polarization Amplitude Phase Wavelength …

Most diverse class of biosensors Absorption Fluorescence Refraction Scattering Transmission …

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http://www.microsiervos.com/archivo/ciencia/hubble-ojo-sauron.html

http://www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/~plantbio/osu_pcmb/pcmb_lab_resources/pcmb101_activities/phtsynthsis/phtsynthss_lightAbsorptionTransmission.htm

https://www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/life-science/cell-analysis/flow-cytometry/cell-health-and-viability-assays-for-flow-cytometry.html

http://www.physics.emory.edu/faculty/weeks//confocal/

18

https://plus.google.com/+TarunAgarwalEdgefx

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-emitting_diode

http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/led1.htm

https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/light-emitting-diodes-leds

P region

N region

Substrate

V

Highly specific Response Cost Small sample volume Easy to use Accurate and repeatable Robust and stable Biocompatible Independent of physical parameters

(temperature, noise, …) Portable Integration

https://jagjohn.wordpress.com/volume/

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http://lenagold.ru/fon/clipart/k/kluc2.html

http://www.centroderelevo.gov.co/index.php/relevo-de-llamadas

http://www.softwarethinktank.com/articles/how-to-improve-your-bottom-line-with-cost-accounting/

http://www.cardensaccountants.com/cloud-accounting-is-it-easy-to-use/

http://documentdynamics.equisys.com/the-3-rs-for-a-successful-nav-add-on-repeatability-repeatability-repeatability/ http://www.gogps.com.au/Blog%20Posts/how-accurate-is-gps-tracking.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jenga

http://morris.umh.ac.be/smpc/ResearchTheme.aspx?id=2

http://www.greatrealtyusa.com/realtors/CA/Independence.htm http://www.carriage-trade.com/plastic-shopping-carts.html

http://www.proenergyconsulting.com/portfolio_category/business-integration/