Ethylene Oxide Residues in Ethylene Oxide Residues in Fumigated Books - a First Result of Fumigated Books - a First Result of

the Project Men the Project Men and Booksand Books

::

Patricia Engel & Katja Sterflinger Patricia Engel & Katja Sterflinger

EU grant 2012-0920/001-001

In every archive/library in Europe we find In every archive/library in Europe we find

- microorganisms- microorganisms- acidic paper- acidic paper- ink corrosion- ink corrosion- vegetabil tanned - vegetabil tanned leather leather

Horn I conference 2011Horn I conference 2011confirmed the needconfirmed the needfor research in these for research in these subjects and defined even moresubjects and defined even moreurgent research subjectsurgent research subjects

Mould on paper, Mould on paper, leather, siels, etc. leather, siels, etc.

ReasonsReasons

New infestationNew infestation Environment not clean enoughEnvironment not clean enough Environment too wetEnvironment too wet Environment too warmEnvironment too warm MicroclimateMicroclimate

Old infestationOld infestation

Recommendation for the Recommendation for the museum/library/archivemuseum/library/archive

Good, i.e. individual house keeping Good, i.e. individual house keeping policypolicy

Stop sorce: Renovation of Stop sorce: Renovation of building / wet areas etc.building / wet areas etc.

Cleaning of books by conservators Cleaning of books by conservators or staff advised by conservators or staff advised by conservators (health and safety measures!)(health and safety measures!)

RepackingRepacking Regular control in future - climate Regular control in future - climate

monitoring etc. monitoring etc.

Active measuresActive measures

Dry cleaning (HEPA Filter)Dry cleaning (HEPA Filter) AlcoholAlcohol Gamma raysGamma rays

EnergyEnergy

Ethylene oxideEthylene oxide But ethylene oxide treatment of paper is But ethylene oxide treatment of paper is not allowed anymore in the EU not allowed anymore in the EU since 1st since 1st

September September 2006.2006. from 1st September 2013 on EO may only be used according to Article 56 of the BPR from 1st September 2013 on EO may only be used according to Article 56 of the BPR

((research and research and developmentdevelopment)) If the use of EO as book fumigant on a regular basis is intended, ethylene oxide has to If the use of EO as book fumigant on a regular basis is intended, ethylene oxide has to

be included in. Annex I of the BPD and authorised as biocidal product firstbe included in. Annex I of the BPD and authorised as biocidal product first . .

IIQuestions in this projectQuestions in this project

Does EO stay in the books, if so how Does EO stay in the books, if so how long?long?

Does off fuming dose pose a risk in Does off fuming dose pose a risk in readers?readers?

Did EO kill the mold?Did EO kill the mold?Did EO damage the material?Did EO damage the material?

Compilation of Publications on Compilation of Publications on Ethyleneoxide in Paper Ethyleneoxide in Paper

ConservationConservation Hanus, J., Mináriková, J., Ďurovič, M., Bacílková, B.: Influence of ethylene oxide fumigation on some properties of different types of paper. La Conservation: Une Science en evolution - Bilan et Perspectives. Actes des troisiémes journées internationales d'études de l'ARSAG, Paris, 21 - 25 April 1997, p. 193-203. Richardin, P., Hanus, J., Bonnassies-Termes, S.: Rétention de l'oxyde d'ethylene dans les documents graphiques et photographiques désinfectés. Colloque Huilles essentielles et conservation des oeuvres d'art. Musée National des Arts et Traditions Populaires, Paris, 2-3 décembre 1998. Abstracts of presentations, p. 11. Hanus, J.: Determination of residual ethylene oxide and its desorption from different types of sterilized papers. Final Report. Centre de Recherches sur la Conservation des Documents Graphiques, Paris 1998, 100 p. Hanus, J., Richardin, P., Bonnassies-Termes, S.: Influence of ethylene oxide sterilisation on some photographic papers. ICOM Committee for Conservation, 12th Triennial Meeting Lyon, 29 August - 3 September 1999, Preprints Volume II, p. 550-554. Hanus, J., Richardin, P., Bonnassies-Termes, S., Ďurovič, M., Kubelka, V.: Comparison of two different methods by head space gas chromatography for determination of residual ethylene oxide in sterilized papers. ICOM Committee for Conservation, 12th Triennial Meeting Lyon, 29 August - 3 September 1999, Preprints Volume II, p. 507-512. Christina Meier; Karin Petersen: Schimmelpilze auf Papier. Ein Handbuch fur Restauratoren, biologische Grundlagen, Erkennung, Behandlung und Pravention, Tonning [a. o.]: Der Andere Verlag, 2006Christina Meier; Karin Petersen: Schimmelpilze auf Papier. Ein Handbuch fur Restauratoren, biologische Grundlagen, Erkennung, Behandlung und Pravention, Tonning [a. o.]: Der Andere Verlag, 2006 Flavia Pinzari, Katja Sterflinger, The revenge of time: fungal deterioration of cultural heritage with particular reference to books, paper The revenge of time: fungal deterioration of cultural heritage with particular reference to books, paper and parchmentemi. and parchmentemi. Environmental Microbiology (2011) Environmental Microbiology (2011) Diplomarbeit W ien

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Pharm., 76, pp. 69-84, 1984Appl. Pharm., 76, pp. 69-84, 1984 McDonald TO, Kasten K, Hervey R. 1977. Acute ocular toxicity for normal and irritated rabbit eyesMcDonald TO, Kasten K, Hervey R. 1977. Acute ocular toxicity for normal and irritated rabbit eyes and subacute ocular toxicity for ethylene oxide, ethylene chlorohydrin, and ethylene glycol. Bulland subacute ocular toxicity for ethylene oxide, ethylene chlorohydrin, and ethylene glycol. Bull Parenter Drug Assoc 31:25-32.Parenter Drug Assoc 31:25-32. Medical Management Guidelines for Ethylene Oxide: http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/mmg/index.aspMedical Management Guidelines for Ethylene Oxide: http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/mmg/index.asp Mori, K., Kaido, M., Fujishiro, K., Inoue, N., Koide, O., Hori, H. and Tanaka, I. Dose dependent effectsMori, K., Kaido, M., Fujishiro, K., Inoue, N., Koide, O., Hori, H. and Tanaka, I. Dose dependent effects of inhaled ethylene oxide on spermatogenesis in rats, Br. J. Ind. Med., 48(4), pp. 270-274, April 1991of inhaled ethylene oxide on spermatogenesis in rats, Br. J. Ind. Med., 48(4), pp. 270-274, April 1991 NIOSH conversion calculator: http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2004-101/calc.htmNIOSH conversion calculator: http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2004-101/calc.htm NTP, 2011: Report on Carcinogens, Twelfth Edition. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Department ofNTP, 2011: Report on Carcinogens, Twelfth Edition. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Program. 499 pp. 2011.Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Program. 499 pp. 2011. Online: http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/roc/twelfth/roc12.pdfOnline: http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/roc/twelfth/roc12.pdf 4646 NTP, 1987: National Toxicology Program, Toxicology and Carcinogenicity Studies of Ethylene OxideNTP, 1987: National Toxicology Program, Toxicology and Carcinogenicity Studies of Ethylene Oxide (CAS No. 75-21-8) in B6C3F1 Mice (Inhalation Studies) (NTP Technical Report 326, U.S. Department of(CAS No. 75-21-8) in B6C3F1 Mice (Inhalation Studies) (NTP Technical Report 326, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Services, National Institute of Health). Research TriangleHealth and Human Services, Public Health Services, National Institute of Health). Research Triangle Park, NC, NTP, 1987Park, NC, NTP, 1987 OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) ethylene oxide standard [29 CFR 1910.1047]OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) ethylene oxide standard [29 CFR 1910.1047] Pemble S, Schroder KR, Spencer SR, Meyer DJ, Hallier E, Bolt HM, Ketterer B, Taylor JB (1994) HumanPemble S, Schroder KR, Spencer SR, Meyer DJ, Hallier E, Bolt HM, Ketterer B, Taylor JB (1994) Human glutathione S-transferase theta (GSTT1): cDNA cloning and the characterization of a geneticglutathione S-transferase theta (GSTT1): cDNA cloning and the characterization of a genetic polymorphism. Biochem J 300: 271-276polymorphism. Biochem J 300: 271-276 Picut CA, Aoyama H, Holder JW, Gold LS, Maronpot RR, Dixon D (2003) Bromoethane, chloroethynePicut CA, Aoyama H, Holder JW, Gold LS, Maronpot RR, Dixon D (2003) Bromoethane, chloroethyne and ethylene oxide induced uterine neoplasms in B6C3F1 mice from 2-year NTP inhalation bioassays:and ethylene oxide induced uterine neoplasms in B6C3F1 mice from 2-year NTP inhalation bioassays: Pathology and incidence data revisited. Exp Toxicol Pathol 55: 1-9Pathology and incidence data revisited. Exp Toxicol Pathol 55: 1-9 Pohl,H.R.; Holler,J.S.; Ruiz,P.; Chou,C.H. 2010. Chemical risk assessment and uncertainty associatedPohl,H.R.; Holler,J.S.; Ruiz,P.; Chou,C.H. 2010. Chemical risk assessment and uncertainty associated with extrapolation across exposure duration. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 57, 18-23.with extrapolation across exposure duration. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 57, 18-23. Puringer J. DMEL-Werte als Grenzwerte fur Kanzerogene – Ein problematisches Konzept imPuringer J. DMEL-Werte als Grenzwerte fur Kanzerogene – Ein problematisches Konzept im Windschatten von REACH. Gefahrstoffe – Reinhaltung der Luft 70 Nr. 5, 2010.Windschatten von REACH. Gefahrstoffe – Reinhaltung der Luft 70 Nr. 5, 2010. Puringer J. „Derived Minimal Effect Levels“ (DMEL): Defizite ein Jahr nach der REACHRegistrierungspflicht.Puringer J. „Derived Minimal Effect Levels“ (DMEL): Defizite ein Jahr nach der REACHRegistrierungspflicht. Gefahrstoffe – Reinhaltung der Luft 71 Nr. 11/12, 2011.Gefahrstoffe – Reinhaltung der Luft 71 Nr. 11/12, 2011. RIVM report 613340005 (2002) Children and Chemical Safety. An Inventory of Activities byRIVM report 613340005 (2002) Children and Chemical Safety. An Inventory of Activities by International and National Organizations and Agencies Kristin Larsson and Mattias ObergInternational and National Organizations and Agencies Kristin Larsson and Mattias Oberg Institute of Environmental Medicine Karolinska Institutet.Institute of Environmental Medicine Karolinska Institutet. ROEMPP (2006) CD Rompp Chemie Lexikon – Version 4.0, Stuttgart/New York: Georg Thieme VerlagROEMPP (2006) CD Rompp Chemie Lexikon – Version 4.0, Stuttgart/New York: Georg Thieme Verlag KGKG Rockel A, Klinke B, Hertel J, Baur X, Thiel C, Abdelhamid S, Fiegel P, Walb D (1989). Allergy to dialysisRockel A, Klinke B, Hertel J, Baur X, Thiel C, Abdelhamid S, Fiegel P, Walb D (1989). Allergy to dialysis materials. Nephrol Dial Transplant 4:646-652.materials. Nephrol Dial Transplant 4:646-652. Rumpf KW, Seubert A, Valentin R, Ippen H, Seubert S, Lowitz HD, Rippe H, Scheler F (1985).Rumpf KW, Seubert A, Valentin R, Ippen H, Seubert S, Lowitz HD, Rippe H, Scheler F (1985). Association of ethylene-oxide-induced IgE antibodies with symptoms inAssociation of ethylene-oxide-induced IgE antibodies with symptoms in dialysis patients. Lancet 28:1385-1387.dialysis patients. Lancet 28:1385-1387. Rusch GM, Bast CB, Cavender FL (2009) Establishing a point of departure for risk assessment usingRusch GM, Bast CB, Cavender FL (2009) Establishing a point of departure for risk assessment using acute inhalation toxicology data. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 54: 247-255acute inhalation toxicology data. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 54: 247-255 Schneider et al 2006. Reg. Tox. Pharm. 44/2, 172-81 andSchneider et al 2006. Reg. Tox. Pharm. 44/2, 172-81 and http://www.baua.de/nn_21712/en/Publications/Expert-Papers/Gd36.htmlhttp://www.baua.de/nn_21712/en/Publications/Expert-Papers/Gd36.html Snellings W, Weil C Maronpot R (1984): A two-year inhalation study of the carcinogenic potential ofSnellings W, Weil C Maronpot R (1984): A two-year inhalation study of the carcinogenic potential of ethylene oxide in Fischer 344 rats, Tox. Appl. Pharm., 75, pp. 105-117, 1984ethylene oxide in Fischer 344 rats, Tox. Appl. Pharm., 75, pp. 105-117, 1984 Snellings WM, Maronpot RR, Zelenak JP et al. (1982): Teratology study in Fischer 344 rats exposed toSnellings WM, Maronpot RR, Zelenak JP et al. (1982): Teratology study in Fischer 344 rats exposed to ethylene oxide by inhalation, Toxicol. Appl. Pharamacol., 64, 476-481ethylene oxide by inhalation, Toxicol. Appl. Pharamacol., 64, 476-481 4747 Snellings W, Zelenak J, Weil C (1982b): Effects on reproduction in Fischer rats exposed to ethyleneSnellings W, Zelenak J, Weil C (1982b): Effects on reproduction in Fischer rats exposed to ethylene oxide by inhalation for one generation, Tox. Appl. Pharm., 63, pp. 382-388oxide by inhalation for one generation, Tox. Appl. Pharm., 63, pp. 382-388 SCOEL – Scientific Committee on Occupational Exposure Limits (2012) Recommendation from theSCOEL – Scientific Committee on Occupational Exposure Limits (2012) Recommendation from the Scientific Committee onOccupational Exposure Limits.Risk assessment for ethylene oxide.Scientific Committee onOccupational Exposure Limits.Risk assessment for ethylene oxide. Scudamore KA, Heuser SG. 1971. Ethylene oxide and its persistent reaction products in wheat flourScudamore KA, Heuser SG. 1971. Ethylene oxide and its persistent reaction products in wheat flour and other commodities: Residues from fumigation or sterilisation, and effects of processing. Pesticand other commodities: Residues from fumigation or sterilisation, and effects of processing. Pestic Sci 2:80-91.Sci 2:80-91. Sexton, R. J., E. V. Henson: J. industr. Hyg. 31, 297 (1949)Sexton, R. J., E. V. Henson: J. industr. Hyg. 31, 297 (1949) Sexton RJ, Henson EV. 1950. Experimental ethylene oxide human skin injuries. Ind Hyg Occup MedSexton RJ, Henson EV. 1950. Experimental ethylene oxide human skin injuries. Ind Hyg Occup Med 32:549-564.32:549-564. SHUPACK, J.L., ANDERSEN, S.R. and ROMANO, S.J. Human skin reactions to ethylene oxide. J. Lab.SHUPACK, J.L., ANDERSEN, S.R. and ROMANO, S.J. Human skin reactions to ethylene oxide. J. Lab. Clin. Med., 98, pp. 723-729, 1981Clin. Med., 98, pp. 723-729, 1981 Tardif R, Goyal R, Brodeur J, Gerin M (1987) Species differences in the urinary disposition of someTardif R, Goyal R, Brodeur J, Gerin M (1987) Species differences in the urinary disposition of some metabolites of ethylene oxide. Fundamental and Applied Toxicology, 9:448 –453.metabolites of ethylene oxide. Fundamental and Applied Toxicology, 9:448 –453. TANAKA, S., NAKAURA, S., KAWASHIMA, K., KASUYA, Y. and OMORI, Y. Studies on the hemolytic activity andTANAKA, S., NAKAURA, S., KAWASHIMA, K., KASUYA, Y. and OMORI, Y. Studies on the hemolytic activity and dermal irritability of ethylene oxide and its reaction products. Jap. J. Med. Instrum. 52(1), pp. 21-28, 1982dermal irritability of ethylene oxide and its reaction products. Jap. J. Med. Instrum. 52(1), pp. 21-28, 1982 TGD (2003): Technical Guidance Document on Risk Assessment – European Communities 2003:TGD (2003): Technical Guidance Document on Risk Assessment – European Communities 2003: http://www.sttv.fi/kemo/olemassa%20olevat/TGD_Part%20I%20(HH).pdfhttp://www.sttv.fi/kemo/olemassa%20olevat/TGD_Part%20I%20(HH).pdf Thier R; Lewalter J, Kempkes M, Selinski S, Bruning T, Bolt H (1999): Haemoglobin adducts ofThier R; Lewalter J, Kempkes M, Selinski S, Bruning T, Bolt H (1999): Haemoglobin adducts of acrylonitrile and ethylene oxide in acrylonitrile workers, dependent on polymorphisms of theacrylonitrile and ethylene oxide in acrylonitrile workers, dependent on polymorphisms of the glutathione transferases GSTT1 and GSTM1. Arch Toxicol (1999) 73: 197―202glutathione transferases GSTT1 and GSTM1. Arch Toxicol (1999) 73: 197―202 Thier, R., Balkenhol, T. Lewalter, J,. Selinski, Sl Dommermuth, A., Bolt, H.M. (2001) Influence ofThier, R., Balkenhol, T. Lewalter, J,. Selinski, Sl Dommermuth, A., Bolt, H.M. (2001) Influence of polymorphisms of the human glutathione transferases and cytochrome P450 2E1 enzyme on thepolymorphisms of the human glutathione transferases and cytochrome P450 2E1 enzyme on the metabolism and toxicity of ethylene oxide and acrylonitrile, Mutat. Res., 482(1-2), pp. 41-46.metabolism and toxicity of ethylene oxide and acrylonitrile, Mutat. Res., 482(1-2), pp. 41-46. Thier, R., Bruning, T. Roos, P.H., RIHS, H.-P. Golka, K., Ko, Y., Bolt, H.M. (2003) Markers of geneticThier, R., Bruning, T. Roos, P.H., RIHS, H.-P. Golka, K., Ko, Y., Bolt, H.M. (2003) Markers of genetic susceptibility in human environmental hygiene and toxicology: the role of selected CYP, NAT and GSTsusceptibility in human environmental hygiene and toxicology: the role of selected CYP, NAT and GST genes, Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health., 206(3), pp. 149-71.genes, Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health., 206(3), pp. 149-71. Thureen P.J., Hay W.W. Neonatal nutrition and metabolism. Cambridge University Press, 2006.Thureen P.J., Hay W.W. Neonatal nutrition and metabolism. Cambridge University Press, 2006. TRGS-401 (2011) „Gefahrdung durch Hautkontakt - Ermittlung, Beurteilung, Masnahmen“TRGS-401 (2011) „Gefahrdung durch Hautkontakt - Ermittlung, Beurteilung, Masnahmen“ TRGS-513 (2011) „Tatigkeiten an Sterilisatoren mit Ethylenoxid und Formaldehyd“TRGS-513 (2011) „Tatigkeiten an Sterilisatoren mit Ethylenoxid und Formaldehyd“ Tuomisto J. (2006) Protecting our unborn children: how to measure exposure to thousands ofTuomisto J. (2006) Protecting our unborn children: how to measure exposure to thousands of chemicals? Arch Dis Child. Aug;91(8):627-8.chemicals? Arch Dis Child. Aug;91(8):627-8. Voet van der H., Slob W. 2007. Integration of probabilistic exposure assessment and probabilisticVoet van der H., Slob W. 2007. Integration of probabilistic exposure assessment and probabilistic hazard characterization. Risk Analysis 27, 2, 351-371hazard characterization. Risk Analysis 27, 2, 351-371

Report by Prof. Dr. habil. A. Strzelczyk TorunReport by Prof. Dr. habil. A. Strzelczyk Torun

April – Aug. 1994April – Aug. 1994 346,2 meter in total (261,2 m, 85 m in foulders, 13m notes)346,2 meter in total (261,2 m, 85 m in foulders, 13m notes) The following measures were taken: The following measures were taken:

1. sources of damage were analysed, 1. sources of damage were analysed, The books were stored in wet/very humid conditionsThe books were stored in wet/very humid conditions The books were dusty, there are spores in the dust, a risk for human healthThe books were dusty, there are spores in the dust, a risk for human health 10 years ago (1984) the books were brought to dry rooms, but due to tight packing they dryed slowly10 years ago (1984) the books were brought to dry rooms, but due to tight packing they dryed slowly Humidiy and temperature were measured in 50 books in Junly 1994, the rH was between 59 and 71 and the Temp. Humidiy and temperature were measured in 50 books in Junly 1994, the rH was between 59 and 71 and the Temp.

Between 19,5 and 23,4^CBetween 19,5 and 23,4^C The humidity of the air in the room was between 57-62 % and the temperatureat 22,6 CentigradesThe humidity of the air in the room was between 57-62 % and the temperatureat 22,6 Centigrades

2. 9 books and 15 groups of archival documents were selected according to various criteria (sort of damage, ,aterial composition, 2. 9 books and 15 groups of archival documents were selected according to various criteria (sort of damage, ,aterial composition, content) and model restoration was made, content) and model restoration was made,

3. Microorganisms were analysed by microscopic observation directly on the books or in complicated cases on growth medium. 3. Microorganisms were analysed by microscopic observation directly on the books or in complicated cases on growth medium. The following species were found: Streptomyces, Geotrichum, Chaetomium, Acremoniella, Stachybotrys, Epicoccum, The following species were found: Streptomyces, Geotrichum, Chaetomium, Acremoniella, Stachybotrys, Epicoccum, Stemphylium, Botrytis. Streptomyces and Geotrichum were found more often.Stemphylium, Botrytis. Streptomyces and Geotrichum were found more often.

4. the entire collection plus the 9 books and 15 groups of archival material was packed and prepared for desinfection 4. the entire collection plus the 9 books and 15 groups of archival material was packed and prepared for desinfection Chamber for 20 m3, 10 kg Petrox, 5 days fumigation, then airwashing until EO detector did not show EO any moreChamber for 20 m3, 10 kg Petrox, 5 days fumigation, then airwashing until EO detector did not show EO any more The rooms were desinfected with 2% Aseptin M solution and treatment repeated after 10 daysThe rooms were desinfected with 2% Aseptin M solution and treatment repeated after 10 days

5. Fumigation with 90% EO and 10% CO2 (Petrox gas) 5. Fumigation with 90% EO and 10% CO2 (Petrox gas) 6. books were air washed and climatized, 6. books were air washed and climatized,

In SwidnicaIn Swidnica 7. dust and microorganism spores were removed from the books in Sept. 1994 (after the report was written)7. dust and microorganism spores were removed from the books in Sept. 1994 (after the report was written) 8. the effectivity of the desinfection was evaluated (report Nov. 1994)8. the effectivity of the desinfection was evaluated (report Nov. 1994)

15 years later15 years later

2009 in Ossolineum

alle alten Drucke (Signaturgruppe SD) und

Handschriften (Signaturgruppe R)

begast worden.begast worden.

„2010 durch Adam Wilga, der eine solche Begasungskammer erfunden hat, die übrigen Bücher begast 

(Signaturen 1,2,8000).“

„Wenn es um die Signaturen geht, nach denen Sie gefragt haben, handelt es sich um fortlaufende Signaturen

(gemäß Katalog Dr. Górski).“

Waiting for data from OssolineumWaiting for data from Ossolineum

MEN AND BOOKS - 2012MEN AND BOOKS - 2012

For the selection of books several parameters were relevant: For the selection of books several parameters were relevant:

(1) moment of fumigation (17 fumigated in 2009, 11 fumigated in 2010)(1) moment of fumigation (17 fumigated in 2009, 11 fumigated in 2010)(2) material composition (11 printed books, 7 ms iron gall ink, 10 modern dye ink, 15 leather involved, 3 parchment involved, 11 (2) material composition (11 printed books, 7 ms iron gall ink, 10 modern dye ink, 15 leather involved, 3 parchment involved, 11 textile involved, all book blocks paper of their time)textile involved, all book blocks paper of their time)(3) age of the book (2 18(3) age of the book (2 18 thth cent., 12 from 19 cent., 12 from 19 thth cent. Rest 20 cent. Rest 20thth cent.) cent.)(4) size of book (folio to octav)(4) size of book (folio to octav)

The books for ethylene oxide measurement were chosen aiming to get a representative average of all these features. This is The books for ethylene oxide measurement were chosen aiming to get a representative average of all these features. This is especially important when it comes to transfer data into especially important when it comes to transfer data into application Europe-wide application Europe-wide and on an “average archive” at the end of the and on an “average archive” at the end of the project. project. 28 volumes bound in leather, parchment, paper and textiles, dating from the 1828 volumes bound in leather, parchment, paper and textiles, dating from the 18 thth, 19, 19thth and 20 and 20thth century century, thus , thus representing also different sorts of paper as book block, ranging from folio to quart were selected by the Parish in Swidnica and representing also different sorts of paper as book block, ranging from folio to quart were selected by the Parish in Swidnica and brought to the European Research Centre for Book and Paper Conservation-Restoration in Horn. There these books were put brought to the European Research Centre for Book and Paper Conservation-Restoration in Horn. There these books were put into a chamber of inert synthetic material of 1 qm volume and stored under closed conditions for 60 days at 20 °C and 50%rel. H. into a chamber of inert synthetic material of 1 qm volume and stored under closed conditions for 60 days at 20 °C and 50%rel. H.   

Books brought to HornBooks brought to Hornoff gasing measuredoff gasing measured

Two different analysis methods were chosen to Two different analysis methods were chosen to detect the off gassing ethylene oxidedetect the off gassing ethylene oxide , ,

a a digital handheld device, Dräger X-am 5000digital handheld device, Dräger X-am 5000, which turned out to be too rough , which turned out to be too rough (measuring range 0 - 200 ppm, resolution 0.5 ppm, smallest possible detection 1 ppm; (measuring range 0 - 200 ppm, resolution 0.5 ppm, smallest possible detection 1 ppm; expected concentration below) and a expected concentration below) and a

GC/FIDGC/FID. For the later t. For the later the measurement was passive with he measurement was passive with ORSA-tubes filled with ORSA-tubes filled with activated carbon. The measurement activated carbon. The measurement lasted for 336 hours. Then the tubes were taken out, lasted for 336 hours. Then the tubes were taken out, closed and sent to gas chromatography. closed and sent to gas chromatography. The analysis was made with GC/FID with The analysis was made with GC/FID with retention time catalogues and quantification via external calibration function. This retention time catalogues and quantification via external calibration function. This standard working instruction is a modified NIOSH 1612. Working conditions: standard working instruction is a modified NIOSH 1612. Working conditions: Gaschromatograph “Doppelsäulengerät Sichromat 1-4”; Injektion: split/splitless; 2.5µL Gaschromatograph “Doppelsäulengerät Sichromat 1-4”; Injektion: split/splitless; 2.5µL splitted auf 2 wide-bore colums, 250°C, Colums: 30 m OPTIMA-WAX; 0.53 mm * 1.0 µm splitted auf 2 wide-bore colums, 250°C, Colums: 30 m OPTIMA-WAX; 0.53 mm * 1.0 µm and 30 m OPTIMA 1; 0.53 mm *1.0 µm, Both detectors FID (250°C), Carrier gas and 30 m OPTIMA 1; 0.53 mm *1.0 µm, Both detectors FID (250°C), Carrier gas Nitrogen: 2.5 mL/min, burning gas synth. air: 300 mL/min, Hydrogen: 25 mL/min, stove Nitrogen: 2.5 mL/min, burning gas synth. air: 300 mL/min, Hydrogen: 25 mL/min, stove temperature 45°C isotherm 10 min, 45°C to 180°C in 5°C/min; 180°C isotherm 13 min, temperature 45°C isotherm 10 min, 45°C to 180°C in 5°C/min; 180°C isotherm 13 min, 180°C to 200°C in 10°C/min, 200°C isotherm 13 min.180°C to 200°C in 10°C/min, 200°C isotherm 13 min.The method is based on the international method NIOSH 1612 (The method is based on the international method NIOSH 1612 (http://www.cdc.gov/n iosh/docs/2003-154/pdfs/1612.pdf))

UmweltbundesamtUmweltbundesamt Takes the influence via inhalation for the gratest Takes the influence via inhalation for the gratest

riskrisk Not so much touchingNot so much touching Not so much oral Not so much oral

About MaterialAbout MaterialI suggest to add several book blocks to the fumigation of dummies, as I suggest to add several book blocks to the fumigation of dummies, as

to have more substance to catch the EO gas possibly and get more to have more substance to catch the EO gas possibly and get more realistic and controlled measurement for our conclusions.realistic and controlled measurement for our conclusions.

Workflow DummiesWorkflow Dummies

Suggestion book block for more volumeSuggestion book block for more volume

!!

Aims ERC took over in the project:Aims ERC took over in the project:

- measuring off-gassing ethylene oxide- measuring off-gassing ethylene oxide - evaluation of toxicity(Umweltbundesamt)- evaluation of toxicity(Umweltbundesamt) - provide dummies- provide dummies - analysis of the parchment&leather- analysis of the parchment&leather - interpretation of analyse-data- interpretation of analyse-data - development of guidelines for the restoration- development of guidelines for the restoration - develop recommendations for the handling of mouldy heritage&handling of - develop recommendations for the handling of mouldy heritage&handling of

ethylene oxide-fumigated heritage on ethylene oxide-fumigated heritage on paper, parchment and leatherpaper, parchment and leather - suggestions of alternative methods to disinfect mouldy written/printed heritage- suggestions of alternative methods to disinfect mouldy written/printed heritage - disseminate the project results (website, journals, etc.)- disseminate the project results (website, journals, etc.) - organise the joint exhibition in coop. with the other partners- organise the joint exhibition in coop. with the other partners - organise the final conference in coop. with P5- organise the final conference in coop. with P5. - organise the publication material in coop. with the partners (translation, - organise the publication material in coop. with the partners (translation,

distribution, etc.)distribution, etc.) - distribution of results: professional journals, special meetings, - distribution of results: professional journals, special meetings, conferenceconference, ,

webpage, movable exhibition for specialistswebpage, movable exhibition for specialists & & laymen, local newspaperslaymen, local newspapers, TV, radio, underlining the benefit of EU funding; , TV, radio, underlining the benefit of EU funding;

ERASMUS-studentsERASMUS-students - workshops beyond project runtime- workshops beyond project runtime

Next stepsNext steps

- Work flow Graz BOKU Ossolineum

- Shrinkage Temperature Measurement

- Graz: Paper tests

- Umweltbundesamt Results

- BOKU results on fungi

- Question: is the paper more disposed to new attack by the ethylene Oxide treatment or not?

HWHW

Step 6 together with ICARUS: Step 6 together with ICARUS:

Digitization(50000 files) of the material Digitization(50000 files) of the material for research work in the project & for research work in the project & making it making it accessible for all on the accessible for all on the internetinternet

Start on 11th March 2013Start on 11th March 2013

Acknowlegement

For the information about the books: Bozena Pytel, Reverend Waldemar Pytel, Sonja Stankowski, Dr. Stephan Aderhold Umweltbundesamt: Dr. Elisabeth Fassold, DI Isabel Peißl, Dr. Maximilian Kinzl, Dr. Martin Paparella Dräger Safety AG & Co. KGaA: Thomas Krebs and Dr. Dirk Rahn-MarxERC: Shirin Jacoby, Bogna Gorniak, Marta Cieplinska, Cristina Cicero