Chapter 1 Ethical TheoryProvides a system of rules or principles as a guide in making decisions about what is right/wrong and good/bad in a specific situation

Ethical TheoryDeontologist(Duty)

Teleological (End Result) Concept Of Virtue(Moral Excellence)

MOTIVATION MATTERS.

Some acts are inherently good. Others are inherently bad.The consequences of the act are irrelevant. Example: Charity is a moral act. Giving money to a poor person is morally correct.If the poor person buys drugs with the money, the original act of charity is still moral.

Deontological Ethical Systems

DeontologyAddresses the study of duty.Immanuel KantThe key to morality is human will or intention, rather than consequences.

Deontologists have contended that sometimes humans have duties to perform, regardless of the consequences.

Possible Resolution is the Utilitarian Kantian Principle: An action ought to be done only if:doing the action treats as few people as possible as merely the means and as many people as possible as the end, and doing the action provides the most overall happiness possible.Justice, Crime & Ethics, 5th ed., Copyright 2005 LexisNexis Anderson Publishing

RESULTS MATTER.

An act is good or bad depending on the results it brings about.The consequences of the act are what is judged. Example: An act of charity might not be moral. If drug abuse is an immoral consequence, and an act of charity supports drug abuse,the act of charity could be considered immoral.

Teleological Ethical Systems

(A teleological systemthe consequences are judged.) One of its founders was John Stuart.

An actions morality depends on how much it contributes to the overall good of society.

They seek to maximize pleasure and avoid pain.

An ethical system should be consistent with this.

Utilitarianism (I)

If an act benefits many people and causes pain to a few, it is still good because

the greatest good for the greatest number

is more important than the pain of the smaller number.

We judge the morality of an action in terms of the consequences or results of that action.

Utilitarianism (II)

Distributive JusticeTheory was proposed by John Rawals

It is based on concept of fairness i.e. distribute the benefits equally

First taught by the Greek philosopher Aristotle :

The Purpose the thing is important. A thing is good when it perform its purpose and gives result.

The Ethics of Virtue(Moral Excellence)

Vedantic Ethics:- Showing respect to eldersGod fear in all walk of lifePojja must be in any functionMarriages are made in even and it is life bound.

Indian Ethical ThinkersDharama:- RightnessArtha:- Creation Of WealthKarma:- Desires & NeedsMoksha:- Spiritual World

Hybrid TheoryMixed Or CombinedKarl Marx(Founder of modern Socialism & Communism)N. Machiavelli (He proposed how Prince or Rulers should behave)

Ethical Theories

Ethical TheoriesFocus on the actions of the leader and his/her moral obligations and responsibilities to do the right thingDeontologicalTheories TeleologicalTheoriesAttempt to answer questions about right and wrong by focusing on whether an individuals conduct will produce desirable consequencesEthical egoism - An individual should act so as to create the greatest good for herself/himself Utilitarianism - An individual should behave so as to create the greatest good for the greatest number Altruism - An individual should act in the interest of others even when it runs contrary to his/her own interestsApproach ethics from the viewpoint of a leaders character; virtues are rooted in the heart and disposition of the individualVirtue-BasedTheoriesCharacter DomainConduct Domain

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