ESD Strategic Plan

Daniel HastingsDirector, Engineering Systems Division

April 2005

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Organization

• Engineering in 2020

• SoE broad objectives

• ESD history

• ESD current state

• ESD Core Competencies

• ESD Mission

• ESD Vision 2010 and 2105

• ESD Strategic Thrusts

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NAE Greatest Engineering Achievements of the 20th Century

1. Electrification2. Automobile3. Airplane4. Water Supply & Distribution5. Electronics6. Radio and Television7. Agricultural Mechanization8. Computers9. Telephone10. Air Conditioning &

Refrigeration

1. Electrification2. Automobile3. Airplane4. Water Supply & Distribution5. Electronics6. Radio and Television7. Agricultural Mechanization8. Computers9. Telephone10. Air Conditioning &

Refrigeration

11. Highways12. Spacecraft13. Internet14. Imaging15. Household Appliances16. Health Technologies17. Petroleum &

Petrochemical Technologies

18. Laser and Fiber Optics19. Nuclear Technologies20. High-performance

Materials

11. Highways12. Spacecraft13. Internet14. Imaging15. Household Appliances16. Health Technologies17. Petroleum &

Petrochemical Technologies

18. Laser and Fiber Optics19. Nuclear Technologies20. High-performance

Materials

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Observations (by Dean Magnanti)

• Engineering has changed the very fabric of society

• Innovation occurs through a pipeline– Research– Inventors/entrepreneurs– Companies/government

• Multiple disciplines have contributed to most achievements

• Most achievements are, or create, complex technical systems

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Many Opportunities & Challenges (by Dean Magnanti)

• Opportunity– Many new technologies and engineering achievements will

involve (or create) complex engineering systems– Networking (world, technologies) increases importance of

systems

• Many challenges– Redesign transportation systems that have increasingly

reached capacity and created enormous delays– Reconcile inevitable growth in world-wide energy demand

with potential environmental costs– Create product development systems that address the full

spectrum of conceiving, designing, and developing new products

– …

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Engineering is Very Different Today

• The NAE Vision Report 2004. 2020 Vision Report and other reports call for change with a vigorous statements about engineering work today (1)

– Globalization of industry and engineering practice– Employment shift from large to smaller, entrepreneurial firms– Growing share employment in non-traditional, less-technical engineering work

(management/ finance/ policy)– Knowledge-based “service” economy– Diminishing half-life of engineering knowledge in many fields– Traditional make/ build is being joined by interdisciplinary work of engineering and

IT, biology

• Mobility of work, information, and capital (leading to different career paths than in the past?)

• New technologies and content areas– Life science, ultra small, …

• Loss of best and brightest to areas like law and finance

• New federal government regulations and oversight (e.g., ITAR).

• Environmental responsibility, ethics, societal effects, and economic effects (1) NAE Visions Report 2004

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Content Evolution: MIT Engineering

Content Evolution: MIT Engineering

•Civil Engineering

•Mechanical Engineering

•Metallurgy

•Electrical Engineering

•Chemical Engineering

•General Engineering

•Sanitary Engineering

•Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering

•Economics and Engineering

•Business and Engineering Administration

•Aeronautical Engineering

•Civil Engineering

•Mechanical Engineering

•Metallurgy

•Electrical Engineering

•Chemical Engineering

•General Engineering

•Sanitary Engineering

•Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering

•Economics and Engineering

•Business and Engineering Administration

•Aeronautical Engineering

•Civil and Environment Engineering

•Mechanical Engineering

•Material Science and Engineering

•Electrical Engineering and Computer Science

•Chemical Engineering

•Ocean Engineering

•Nuclear Engineering

•Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering

•Biological Engineering

•Engineering Systems

•Civil and Environment Engineering

•Mechanical Engineering

•Material Science and Engineering

•Electrical Engineering and Computer Science

•Chemical Engineering

•Ocean Engineering

•Nuclear Engineering

•Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering

•Biological Engineering

•Engineering Systems

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Changing Environment and Competitive Landscape

• Rapid changes in– Engineering practice

• Globalization, entrepreneurship, US service economy, new technologies, broader career options, …

– Engineering content• Bio, Nano, Info, Macro (bio everywhere)

– Blurring of traditional boundaries– Call for educational reform

• Increasing competition from “above and below”– Harvard, Princeton, Stanford financial investments – Other engineering schools creating facilities and hiring as

many as 100 new faculty– Flat government and industry funding

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The premise (from NAE 2020)

• Past: Engineering and engineering education were reactive, responding to change.

• Today: Rapid change signals that it is time to reverse the paradigm.

• Premise: If we anticipate the future and are proactive about changing the engineering and engineering education, we can shape a significant, dynamic role for our profession.

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New Challenges (from NAE 2020)

• Fresh water shortages

• Aging infrastructure

• Energy demands

• Global warming

• New diseases

• Security

• Globalization

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Concluding question (from NAE 2020)

• How do we help the engineering profession create a meaningful place for itself in the broader, multidisciplinary approach required to solve society’s problems?

NAE Engineer of 2020 Report:The engineer of 2020 will create solutions at the micro

& macro scales in preparation for dramatic changes in the world!ESD will create solutions at the macro scales

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MIT SoE Vision

• The School will be widely recognized as the foremost engineering school in the world.

• The School will shape the future of technology education, research, and practice.

• The School will remain focused on its core strengths, while seeking new opportunities.

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MIT SoE Broad Objectives

• As the most outstanding school of engineering in the world, set the direction and create new models for engineering education and research

• Create new engineering knowledge and technologies

• Educate the next generation of leaders of– Engineering educators– Engineering researchers– Engineering practitioners

• Impact engineering practice and research

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Engineering Systems Development at MIT

Phase 1 1975-1985 Startup

Dean Alfred Kiel - Modern Engineering, Socio-Economic Systems

CTS, CPA, TPP

Phase 2 1985-1990 US Competitiveness in Manufacturing

Made in America/Machine That Changed The World

LFM - Sloan/SOE/Industry Partnership

Phase 3 1990-1995 Increased Activity

New Programs – SDM, MLOG, CIPD

Large Scale Systems Committee

Technology and Management Program (TMP)

LFM/SDM

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ESD Professional Masters Degree Educational Programs

• Focus on Practice Rather Than Research• Experienced Students• Leadership and Team Building• Cohort Based• Industrial (Governmental) Internships• Lifelong Experience

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ESD Chronology

1976 – 1995 Interdisciplinary Education Programs & Research Centers

1996 Eagar Committee Recommends ESD Formation

1997 New Position Created – Associate Dean for Engineering Systems

December 1998 ESD Established

March 1999 First ESD Faculty Appointed

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Definition of Engineering Systems

• Engineering Systems are– Technologically enabled Networks & Meta-systems which transform,

transport, exchange and regulate Mass, Energy and Information– Large-scale

• large number of interconnections and components

– Socio-technical aspects• social, political and economic aspects that influence them

– Nested complexity • within technical system and social/political system

– Dynamic• involving multiple time scales,uncertainty & lifecycle issues

– Likely to have emergent properties

• Examples are• Automobile Production Systems, Aerospace enterprise systems, Air and Ground

Transportation Systems, Global Communication Systems, the World Wide Web, the National electric power grid

These systems exist & have “messy complexity”

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Engineering Systems(@ the interface of Engineering, Management & Social

Sciences)

ESD

Engineering

Social SciencesManagement

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ESD is a cross cutting educational unit

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ESD Goals & Objectives

• ESD will be an intellectual home for faculty from engineering, management, and the social sciences committed to integrative, interdisciplinary Engineering Systems programs.

• ESD will develop concepts, frameworks, and methodologies that codify knowledge and define Engineering Systems as a field of study.

• ESD will educate engineering students to be tomorrow’s leaders via innovative academic and research programs.

• ESD will introduce Engineering Systems into the mainstream of engineering education by working with the MIT engineering departments, the Institute as a whole, and other engineering schools worldwide & developing new curricula.

• ESD will initiate research on Engineering Systems of national and international importance, working in partnerships with government and industry.

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MIT Engineering Systems Division

New Education Model

MLOG

TPP

LGO ESD

SDMENGINEERING

SYSTEMS

PoliticalEconomy

Economics,Statistics

Systems Theory

OrganizationalTheory

Operations Research/Systems Analysis

System Architecture& Eng /ProductDevelopment

EngineeringManagement

Technology & Policy

CTL- Center for Transportation

& Logistics

CIPD - Center for Innovation

in Product Development

CTPID - Centerfor Technology, Policy,

& Industrial Development

IPC - Industrial Performance Center

TPP - Technology & Policy Program

MLOG -Logistics & Supply Chains

ESD Doctoral Program

ESD SM Program

SDM - Systems Design & Management

LGO - Leadersfor Manufacturing

ENGINEERING SYSTEMS is a field of study taking an integrative holistic view of

large-scale, complex, technologically-enabled systems with significant

enterprise level interactions and socio-technical interfaces.

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Areas of Research

• In ESD Centers– Industry (Aerospace, Auto, Communications, Materials)– Supply Chain/Logistics– Public Transport/Mobility– Product Development/System Design/Architecture– Manufacturing

• In Related Centers– Energy and Environment– Operations Research

• Startups– Security– Infrastructure

• In Consideration– Health Care

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• Big M Manufacturing

• Product Development, System Design

• Enterprise Perspective

• Extended Enterprise (Value Chains)

• Enterprise Eco System

Broadening of ResearchLogistics Supply Chain National Global Physical Information (Knowledge)Products Services

Evolution of ESD Research

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ESD VC feedback

• ESD has successfully reached the first plateau (this is the end of the beginning)

– ESD created with legacy educational programs and research centers

– ESD has successfully stabilized the programs and provided faculty support for the centers

– ESD now has a set of flagship professional masters programs

– However, ESD was created to be transformative– However, ESD & MIT should think about how to grow to

the next plateau– ESD has the opportunity to set educational agenda

nationally

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Unique core competencies(current and desired; which give sustainable

competitive advantage) • Industry/academia & Industry/Government/academia

partnerships to address large scale engineering systems as well as engineering enterprises

• Innovating across Engineering/Management/Social Science boundaries to analyze complex engineering systems and engineering enterprises

• Model Development for large scale complex systems including coupled technical/organizational/policy analysis in a strong quantitative and qualitative framework (needs to be developed)

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New ESD Mission Statement

• ESD is establishing Engineering Systems as a field of study in order to transform macro scale engineering systems in society. It will do so by educating engineering leaders in, and developing principles and methods for, engineering systems that cut across the boundaries of engineering, management and social science.

ESD Cooperation Principles

(recognizing that systems belongs to many)Act as a node in a network of systems activities at MIT with porous boundaries

NAE Engineer of 2020 Report:The engineer of 2020 will create solutions at the micro

& macro scales in preparation for dramatic changes in the world!ESD will create societally acceptable solutions

at the macro scales

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ESD: Vision 2015 (from 2005)

• Deep development of intellectual foundations– New problems and areas formulated– Several proof of concepts– Transform the funding agencies to support these ideas

• Engineering Education in the US redefined– Transformative impact on education through development of innovative

curricula– Engineering education redefined to include systems thinking

• Global Engineering Systems Community created– Many major universities have created cross cutting units– MIT is a magnet for the best faculty in this area– PhDs from MIT in this area are highly sought after– Environment for faculty growth and leadership

• Major impact on society, education and thought– Industry and Government customers recognize this– Graduates of the ESD programs are leading society’s most challenging and complex

‘system of systems’ endeavors • MIT ESD education has given them knowledge, skills, and abilities to make system level

decisions that have had significant positive impact to society on a global basis

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ESD Strategic Thrusts:Action Oriented

• Consistent with mission

• Build on core competencies

• Use strengths, buttress weaknesses

• Seize opportunities, fight off threats

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ESD Strategic Thrusts

• Foundations

• Applications

• Education

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Strategies for Advancing Engineering Systems as a Field

ImpactingPolicy and

Practice

AdvancingCore Theory

Innovative Modeling and

Analysis

Systematic Observation and Documentation

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ESD Strategic Thrusts: Foundations

• Develop Fundamental Principles and Foundations Of Engineering Systems Which Establish Engineering Systems as a New Field Of Study– Engineering Systems Principles Will Differ From Engineering Science

Principles• Enterprise Level Perspective• Holistic Vs. Reductionist Approach• Macro Scale Vs. Micro Scale Design• Qualitative As Well As Quantitative Approaches, Context Part of

Engineering System Analysis

1. Form a Research Center on Engineering Systems Foundations

2. Recruit several faculty to build up foundations in engineering enterprises & lifecycle properties

3. Assume Leadership In Cooperative University Efforts Through Engineering Systems University Council - • For example, organize periodic Conference on Foundations of Engineering Systems• Take leadership in professional societies such as INCOSE, INFORMS to advance engineering system

fundamentals

• Develop a Book Series or interdisciplinary journals & courses in five years on Fundamentals of Engineering Systems Utilizing Research Findings

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ESD Strategic Thrusts: Applications

• Application Foci which interact with foundations in a “ping pong” fashion and engage society around critical contemporary issues

– Major Focus (5 years): Distributed critical infrastructures, broadly defined (strong emphasis on critical contemporary problems such as energy, homeland security, transportation, mega-cities,…)

• Use cross cutting analyses to bring out energy,security,safety,sustainability concerns

• Develop a system of systems focus• Collect and develop comprehensive data sets

– Secondary foci (10 years): Health care systems• Develop a Leaders for Health Care program based on lean principles,

systems thinking• Help define 21st century Engineering Sloan Interaction

• Secondary foci (10 years) :Emerging Technologies• Develop a broad activity with the ability to provide technically deep

focused policy analysis around emerging technologies• Help define a 21st century Engineering Humanities relationship

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ESD Strategic Thrusts: Education

• SM and PhD:– Develop and build a new core for the ESD PhD. For example, six new ESD unique

courses as the core of the ESD Phd (and SM) built around the intellectual framework of enterprises

• Examples– Risk and enterprise systems design– System Architecture & policy interaction & design– Theoretical approaches to sustainability in enterprises– OR & system analytic approaches to complex systems

• Export all courses to the Engineering Systems Council member institutions as well as OCW

– Capture common leadership elements of LGO, SDM, MLOG & TPP and evolve into ESD leadership curriculum

– Over time, evolve flagship programs (LGO, SDM, MLOG & TPP) around set of core courses and to address new issues for ES

• E.g LGO China as means for addressing globalization

• UG:-- Work toward integrating systems thinking in the General Institute Requirements

(GIRs) through the Engineering Council for Undergraduate Education (ECUE)– Develop materials that illustrate complex systems thinking focused on contemporary

critical issues (CCIs)• E.g Energy, transportation, telecommunications

– Offer subjects and modules at MIT and export to other schools through OCW

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ESD Intersections & Positioning

• ESD in SoE– Will seek partners for the CCIT with CEE, AA, EECS, ME– Will seek partnership with ME, ChemE, NE in energy (as well as LFEE)– Will develop the partnership with MSE, ME in sustainability

• ESD and Sloan– Will continue the partnership in SDM and LGO– Will seek to grow the MLOG interaction– Will seek to grow a partnership around economics issues in the CCIT– Will seek to grow a partnership around health care (technology, systems,

management perspectives)

• ESD and SHASS– Will continue the partnership in the NSF IGERT (STS and Poli Sci)– Will seek to expand the relationship through TPP– Will seek to expand the partnership around the public policy issues in CCIT and PoET

• ESD and ORC– Will seek partnerships by involving OR faculty in big ESD projects

• ESD and LFEE– Will seek partnerships in large scale energy related projects at the systems level

ranging from architecture to policy

• ESD and DUSP– Seek partnerships around engineering systems issues of megacities

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Mapping of Strategic Thrusts to Vision 2010

Thrust

Vision

Foundations Applications Education

Establish ES field of study X X X

Create external intellectual community X X X

Earned presence @MIT X

Developing impact on gov, industry

X X

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NAE 2020:Attributes of the engineer of 2020

• Strong analytical skills

• Practical ingenuity, creativity

• Good communication skills

• Business, management skills; leadership skills

• High ethical standards, professionalism

• Dynamic/agile/resilient/flexible

• Lifelong learner

• Able to put problems in their socio-technical and operational context

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ESD Strategy for 2010

• ESD students in 2010 will be engineering leaders in 2020

• ESD Core SM and flagship professional degrees capture the critical elements of the 2020 needs

• ESD PhDs will be change agents in engineering schools worldwide