Anatomy 301 Anatomy 301 ReviewReview

Week 1Week 1

Noel HastingsNoel Hastingshastings@u.washington.eduhastings@u.washington.edu

Course Objectives & Course Objectives & GradesGrades

No matter what I say here, No matter what I say here, know your course objectives know your course objectives

that were given to you! that were given to you! These handouts are the These handouts are the

key!!!key!!!

Try to do well on quizzes and Try to do well on quizzes and take home assignments. take home assignments. These are easy points!!These are easy points!!

Terminology & Terminology & VocabularyVocabulary

Study of AnatomyStudy of Anatomy• InspectionInspection• PalpationPalpation• AuscultationAuscultation• PercussionPercussion• DissectionDissection• Radiography (1895)

• X ray – bonesX ray – bones• MRI – soft tissueMRI – soft tissue

Anatomical PositionAnatomical Position• Medial – LateralMedial – Lateral• Proximal – DistalProximal – Distal• Superficial – DeepSuperficial – Deep• Superior – InferiorSuperior – Inferior• Cranial/Rostral – Cranial/Rostral –

CaudalCaudal• Ventral – DorsalVentral – Dorsal• Anterior – PosteriorAnterior – Posterior

Anatomical Planes & Anatomical Planes & SectionsSections

Body Cavities & Body Cavities & MembranesMembranes

Dorsal Cavity• Cranial cavity

(brain)• Ventral canal (cord)

• Meninges (DAP)

Inferior Ventral Cavity

Abdominal cavity (guts!)

• Parietal peritoneum• Visceral peritoneum

Superior Ventral Cavity

Thoracic cavity• Lungs

• Parietal pleura• Visceral pleura

• Heart• Parietal pericardium• Visceral pericardium

(epicardium)

Model of Serous Model of Serous MembraneMembrane

Tissue SectionsTissue Sections Important to understand how tissues Important to understand how tissues

look when sliced and placed on a slide. look when sliced and placed on a slide. Think about cutting vegetable at home!Think about cutting vegetable at home!

Microscopic Anatomy Microscopic Anatomy (Histology)(Histology)

Cells + Matrix = TissueCells + Matrix = TissueKnow Some Locations for Each Tissue TypeKnow Some Locations for Each Tissue Type

1) Epithelial (Squamous, Cuboidal & Columnar)

2) Connective (Fibrous, Supportive & Fluid)

3) Muscle (Smooth, Skeletal & Cardiac)4) Nervous (Neurons & Glial Cells)

Epithelial TissueEpithelial Tissue

Squamous - Cuboidal - ColumnarSquamous - Cuboidal - Columnar• Simple, Stratified & PseudostratifiedSimple, Stratified & Pseudostratified• Transitional in bladder only →Transitional in bladder only →• See pages 81 & 82, 84 & 85See pages 81 & 82, 84 & 85

Epithelial Tissues Epithelial Tissues (pages 81-85)(pages 81-85)

SimpleSimple Squamous (membranes) Squamous (membranes)

SimpleSimple Columnar (absorption) Columnar (absorption)

StratifiedStratified Squamous (mouth) Squamous (mouth)

StratifiedStratified Keratinized (skin) Keratinized (skin)

Connective TissueConnective Tissue

Fibrous – Supportive – FluidFibrous – Supportive – Fluid• FibrousFibrous: tendons, ligaments, membranes, matrix: tendons, ligaments, membranes, matrix• SupportiveSupportive: cartilage & bone: cartilage & bone• FluidFluid: blood: blood

Cellular ComponentsCellular Components: Fibroblasts, Mac’s, : Fibroblasts, Mac’s, Leuk’s, etc…Leuk’s, etc…

Non-Cellular ComponentsNon-Cellular Components: Collagen, Elastin, : Collagen, Elastin, GAG’sGAG’s

Fibrous Connective Tissues Fibrous Connective Tissues (pages 89-90)(pages 89-90)

LooseLoose Mesentery (fascia, visceral layers) Mesentery (fascia, visceral layers)

LooseLoose Areolar (under epithelium) Areolar (under epithelium)

DenseDense Regular (tendons) Regular (tendons)

DenseDense Irregular (dermis) Irregular (dermis)

Cartilage Tissues Cartilage Tissues (page 91)(page 91)

Hyaline (fetus)Hyaline (fetus)

Elastic (ear, nose)Elastic (ear, nose) Fibrous (discs)Fibrous (discs)

Cellular ComponentsCellular Components - chondroblasts - chondroblasts (perichondrium)(perichondrium)Non-CellularNon-Cellular - collagenous fibers & - collagenous fibers & GAG’sGAG’s

Bone Tissues Bone Tissues (page 92)(page 92)

Cellular ComponentsCellular Components - osteoblasts (build bone)- osteoblasts (build bone) - osteoclasts (remove - osteoclasts (remove bone)bone)

Non-Cellular Non-Cellular ComponentsComponents - collagen- collagen - calcified matrix- calcified matrix

StructuresStructures - lacunae- lacunae - Haversian canals- Haversian canals - lamellae- lamellae - canaliculi- canaliculi - periosteum- periosteum

Nervous Tissues Nervous Tissues (page 94)(page 94)

Cellular ComponentsCellular Components - neurons- neurons - glial cells (support)- glial cells (support)

StructuresStructures - dendrites- dendrites - axons- axons - nerve body (soma)- nerve body (soma) - brain & cord- brain & cord

Muscle Tissues Muscle Tissues (page 95)(page 95)

Cardiac (heart)Cardiac (heart) Smooth (autonomic)Smooth (autonomic)

SkeletalSkeletal (attached to (attached to bones)bones) - striated, voluntary- striated, voluntaryCardiacCardiac (heart only) (heart only) - intercalated discs, - intercalated discs, conductiveconductiveSmoothSmooth (gut, vessels, (gut, vessels, uterus)uterus) - non-striated, autonomic- non-striated, autonomic

Skeletal (voluntary)Skeletal (voluntary)

Glandular Tissues Glandular Tissues (page 96-97)(page 96-97)

ExocrineExocrine - outside body (sweat, - outside body (sweat, milk)milk)

EndocrineEndocrine - into bloodstream - into bloodstream (hormones)(hormones)

StructureStructure - cuboidal epithelia - cuboidal epithelia usuallyusually - secretory vesicles- secretory vesicles - ducts- ducts

Membranes Membranes (page 97 & 98)(page 97 & 98)

TypesTypes• cutaneous (skin)cutaneous (skin)• serous (pleura, serous (pleura, peritoneum, etc…)peritoneum, etc…)• mucous (mouth, vagina)mucous (mouth, vagina)

StructureStructure• epithelial tissue only!epithelial tissue only!• serous = 2 layers + fluidserous = 2 layers + fluid• respiratory has ciliarespiratory has cilia

Tissue Changes Tissue Changes (page 99-100)(page 99-100)

• HyperplasiaHyperplasia: : growth through cell growth through cell number increasenumber increase• HypertrophyHypertrophy: : growth through cell growth through cell size increasesize increase• AtrophyAtrophy:: cell size decrease (from cell size decrease (from lack of use usually)lack of use usually)• NecrosisNecrosis: : abnormal cell death, abnormal cell death, messymessy• ApoptosisApoptosis:: controlled cell death controlled cell death (development)(development)• FibrosisFibrosis:: scar formation scar formation• MetaplasiaMetaplasia: : change from one type change from one type into anotherinto another• NeoplasiaNeoplasia:: tumor development, tumor development, uncontrolled growth uncontrolled growth

and can be benign or and can be benign or malignant !malignant !