ESA Earth Observation Programmes

& Exploitation

Dr. Stephen Briggs

Head of Science, Applications & Future Technologies Department,

&

Dr. Stephen Coulson

Head EO Industry Exploitation Section

(stephen.coulson@esa.int)

G-STEP Launch

Univ Leicester, UK, 18 June 2009

Document title | Author Name | Place | Data doc | Programme | Pag. 2

L’AQUILA EARTHQUAKEEstimation of vertical and horizontal displacement and Model

ENS/CNRS: Model (Asc)

Main EO exploitation activities:

- GSE (2001-2011) - 125MEuro

- EOEP3 (2008-2012) - (3 x <=25MEuro)

- Value Added Element (VAE, ex EOMD)

- Data User Element (DUE)

- Support to Science and Exploitation (STSE)

- Climate Change Initiative (2009-2014)

75 MEuro

Earth Observation

Marine & Coastal Polar Environment

Risk fire & flood Forest Monitoring

European Land Cover

Land Motion Risks

Humanitarian Aid Atmosphere

Food Security

Maritime Security

ESA GSE : 10 Services Portfolios

0 20 40 60 80 100

Soil, Water & Urban

Fire & Flood Risk

Marine & Coastal

Land Motion

Polar & Sea Ice

Forest Monitoring

Atmosphere

Maritime Security

Humanitarian Aid

Food Security

International National Regional Local Private

International: 40

National: 146

Regional: 76

Local: 65

Private: 8

• Services with formal specifications, standards, validation protocols,

• Developed in collaboration & agreement of User communities,

• Qualified service suppliers.

ESA GSE : Legally Mandated User Orgs

Sustainable service provision.

Risk-EOS

Respond

Terrafirma

GSE-Land

GSE-Forest

MarcoastOil

WQ

Polarview

Promote

Food Security

Mariss

Safer

Geoland-2

My Ocean

MACC

EMSA

Passodoble

JLS / Frontex

Aquamar

Doris

Subcoast

WBank/GTZ

EEA/Nationals

Nationals/ENV

UN/GMES-Africa

Nationals

Nationals / UN

Nationals/MARE

Nationals/EEA

ECMWF

Nationals

GSE Extension

GSE Extension

GSE Extension

GSE Extension

GSE Extension

GSE Extension

Em

erg

en

cy

Lan

dO

cean

Se

cu

rity

Atm

os

GSE FT CoreFT downstream

(tbc)User fundingTransfer of ESA GSE Services

Risk-EOS

Respond

Terrafirma

GSE-Land

GSE-Forest

MarcoastOil

WQ

Polarview

Promote

Food Security

Mariss

Safer

Geoland-2

My Ocean

MACC

EMSA

Passodoble

JLS / Frontex

Aquamar

Doris

Subcoast

WBank/GTZ

EEA/Nationals

Nationals/ENV

UN/GMES-Africa

Nationals

Nationals / UN

Nationals/MARE

Nationals/EEA

ECMWF

Nationals

GSE Extension

GSE Extension

GSE Extension

GSE Extension

GSE Extension

GSE Extension

Em

erg

en

cy

Lan

dO

cean

Se

cu

rity

Atm

os

GSE FT CoreFT downstream

(tbc)

Sustainable

funding

Developing Business

Opportunities for EO

Information Services

A few examples from

ESA EO Market Development

www.esa.int/eomd

Earth Observation

Chile is becoming key producer of salmon in the world

($1 billion/yr)

Industry report in Chile estimated the losses to the industry

from Harmful Algal Bloom (HABs)

are $50 Million USD/year (2004).

NRT MERIS/MODIS integrated in a hydrodynamic model to

provide via internet a HAB Early Warning Service.

"To obtain the amount of information covered with

the EO data, alternative methods will be of

considerable higher cost. With in situ measurements

you cannot produce a gradient map as obtained with

EO images. The value of this information is the area

and resolution obtained in a single didactic image."

Francisco Puga , Manager, Mainstream Group

Development

Fisheries & Aquaculture

For FSC certification EO can provide an additional

and innovative reliable source of information to be

used by certificate holders for better demonstration

of compliance with FSC Principles and Criteria over

time. EO analysis can help FSC certification bodies

to be more effective in evaluating and monitoring

compliance with certification requirements in set

aside areas.

Hubert de Bonafos, Managing Director,

ASI - Accreditation Services International

Sustainable Forest Management

• Detecting illegal clear cuts over the Jari region in Brazil,

• Orsa Florestal concession,

• ALOS PalSar

• Green : vegetated, Blue : clear cuts, Red : bare soil/rock

Courtesy RISOE

Denmark (Horns Rev)

High-res

Regional

Radar

Low-res

Global

Scatt

Wind roseIndustry software for

resources estimation

Renewable Energy : Wind

World’s largest turbine manufacturer for

planning & maintenance of turbines

>15 years archived history is crucial

Ground irradianceEO services for site identification,

plant management, grid

management, and consulting

(architects, urban planning)

Exploiting MSG every 15 min,

Envisat for atmospheric correction

Renewable Energy : Solar

When a new market is opened, a site evaluation

is not available, as usually other PV-operators do

not publish their production values. We are now

expanding into countries like Germany, Italy and

Spain where we have no operation experiences.

Investment costs of about 5 to 12 million Euros

are planned. To assure the flow back of these

investments we must be sure that we build the

PV systems at locations with enough solar

radiation. Therefore we will need satellite derived

irradiance data.

Robert Kröni, Edisun Power AG director

Snow Cover Extent (ENVISAT/MERIS)Digital Elevation Model

Land Cover (ENVISAT/SAR)

Weather Conditions (MSG)

Water Run Off Forecast

Renewable Energy : Hydropower

Scandinavia

via Hydrological Model

Austrian Alps

During – Flood extent, Dresden ,

Aug 2002 (ASAR / SPOT)

After - Postal Code

Product for Insurance

Re-Insurance : Risks Assessment

“Earth Observation gives us a view of the

whole extent of the flood, not only within

the heavily-insured urban centres like

Dresden but we can also zoom out across

400 kilometres of river to see all the

affected parts of Germany. We can also

trace the flood peak happening. It would

take a lot of work to get the same

standard of information from any other

source”

Ulrich Ebel, Vice President, SwissRe

Nordic Risk &

Insurance Summit

(NORIS),

Palabora copper mine from Rio Tinto in South

Africa - 2000m in diameter and 762m deep..

After a major collapse, Rio Tinto was concerned

about the effects on infrastructures of further

subsidence. InSAR has been used to monitor

deformations up to a few mm.

“An advantage of using SAR interferometry is that it

is not dependent on sending crews into the field, It

is therefore valuable for acquiring information at

remote sites or areas considered unsafe for

personnel to enter."

Timothy Conley, Managing Director , AMEC's Earth

& Environmental operations in Europe.

Mining Industry : Subsidence

Andreas Laake, Principal Geophysicist

Western Geco/Schlumberger: “What Earth

Observation represents for us is a means of carrying out

seismic survey feasibility studies prior to defining

survey programmes for our clients, and ensuring enhanced

data quality for even the most challenging environments"

Oil Industry : Exploration

SAR + Optical for

surface geology,

lithology, roughness to

produce ->

Seismic Quality Map

Unbiased, timed satellite images help building

stakeholder trust because they clearly illustrate

the activities taking place in our oil sands mine

leases; they present clear, accessible visuals to

stakeholders such as First Nations people who

live in the area; they provide objective

information on development and eventual

reclamation of our oil sands leases and help us

to expand our annual reporting on

environmental performance, including future

reclamation areas. Using 2006 as a baseline,

we intend to repeat monitoring by satellite on a

yearly basis, to record our mine development

and our progressive reclamation of involved

areas.

Ashley Nixon, Sustainable Development

Advisor at Shell Canada Ltd

Oil Industry : Environmental Impact

2005

2006

New Services : Phenology

2005

2006

• Improve on existing Phenology

(seasonal vegetation) products (eg.

MODIS, NDVI)

• MERIS Terrestrial Chlorphyll Index

(MTCI) + LAI

• MERIS FR (300m) + G-POD

processing

• Produce 1km MTCI composite map

updated at 10-day intervals for

period 2004 to present for all of

Great Britain

• For specific locations, produce

annual phenology curves (via

modelling)

• Primary Users : governmental

agencies and NGOs involved in

vegetation, ecosystem and climate

change impact monitoring.

New Services : Wide area Tropical Forest

Mapping• Optical (DMC constellation)

and SAR (ALOS) for

systematic wide-area forest

mapping and change

monitoring at high

resolution

• Frequent (daily) re-visit

capability essential (clouds)

• Substantial test area in

Indonesia

• Assess utility of new DMC

satellite (UK-DMC-2, 22 m)

• Primary Users :

sustainable forest

management (FSC, ASI,

PEFC), and carbon trading

(EcoSecurities, ProForest).

DMC multi-temporal land cover in Congo

Basin

ALOS PALSAR

multi-temporal

intensity, HH, HV,

coherence

combination,

Indonesia

New Markets : Insurance

• Focus on climate variability

(extreme weather events)

• Insurance Industry working

group on climate change

(ClimateWise)

• EO information for underwriting,

risk modelling, reinsurance,

claims reduction and

management,

• Key global insurers involved

(Lloyd’s + Thomas Miller –

maritime transport).

Hurricane probability polygons

visualised by Thomas Miller

Assets exposure by Lloyd’s

Exposure Management team

New Markets : Media & Communications

• Focus on increasing public &

political interest in Climate

Change,

• Prototype GHG Observatory

for CO2, Methane and Ozone,

and their emission from

anthropogenic and natural

sources,

• News features for

consumption by general public,

• Explore increased exposure

through Cisco’s Global Ecomap

platform as part of its

Connected Urban Development

program.energy and climate change

consultancy

News bulletins /

stories

Daily web forecasts

The Current Market for

EO Information Services

Earth Observation

Industry revenue estimate – 2006 status

Detailed financial data from 40 companies 233.6 m€ actual revenue reported

Estimated total industry revenue 412.5 m€ (EO services & data)

Value-adding companies estimated at 306 m€ (EO services only)

Small Medium Large Total

Average revenue per head 000 € 65 109 272

Average EO staff 5.0 23

Average company revenue 000 € 325 2,512

Non-submitting companies 46 65 111

Non-submitted revenue 000€ 14,872 164,025 178,897

Submitted revenue 000 € 5,097 49,188 179,371 233,656

Total Industry Revenue 000 € 412,553

Composite with past studies

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

M E

uro

2001 Snapshot Actual

1998 Optimistic

1998 Pessimistic

VEGA Studies

Error Range

Services

0 10 20 30 40 50

Weather

Other

Metocean monitoring

Climate change

Water quality monitoring

Atmospheric monitoring

Asset & Infrastructure mapping

Ecosystem monitoring

Risk/vulnerability mapping

Land motion monitoring

Crisis/Damage mapping

Forest

Agriculture

Geological mapping

Marine and Coastal surveillance

Land Use/Cover & Change

Cartography & Topogaphy

# Companies % Revenue

Land use monitoring and

Cartographic & Topographic

Mapping, Marine and Coastal

Surveillance and Agriculture are the

primary thematic areas in which EO

companies are involved.

Cartographic & Topographic

Mapping and Land use monitoring

generate approximately 35% of

industry revenues.

Some activity in new thematic areas

such as Weather, Atmospheric

Monitoring and Climate Change is

present.

Analysis is of total revenue –

including data providers

Markets

The most commonly served

(most companies addressing)

market sector is

Environmental Protection &

Pollution Management.

Other active market sectors

include Oil, Gas and Mining;

Regional Planning, Defence

and Law Enforcement and

Science and Technology.

When considering revenue,

Defence and Law

Enforcement is the highest

value sector, but none

dominate

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Legal & Forensic

Real Estate

Insurance & Finance

Public Health

Travel/Tourism/Leisure

Geo-Marketing/Retail

News, Media & Education

Transport

Meteorology and Climate

Other

Construction & Civil Engineering

Utilities & Infrastructure

Marine Eng & Offshore Operations

Fisheries Management

Telecommunications

Emergency & Civil Security

Water Resources

Regional Planning & Urban Mgt

Forestry

Agriculture

Science and Technology

Environment Protection & Pollution

Oil, Gas and Mining

Defence & Law Enforcement

# Active Companies % Industry Revenue

All revenue –

Includes data sales

Breakdown of EO Services Revenue

Revenues are primarily generated from operational services

Improved classification of public development grants v demonstration

Nearly a third of business by revenue is generated from the private

sector

Large companies

dominate operational

services revenue

(but includes data

sales)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Operational Services (user

pays)

Pre-operational Service (user

doesn't pay e.g. GMES, GSEs

etc.)

Development Activities

(funding from institutions)

% E

O In

du

str

y R

ev

en

ue

Large

Medium

Small

The DUE

programme

Earth Observation

User Requirement Document

The Service required include the provision of

the following geo-information products:

• XXX

• XXX

The area of interest is the following: ….

The timeframe of interest in the following ….

The format of the products should be the

following: ….

The National User Network is made of…

Letter of Commitment

I will commit X men/month of work to:

Coordinate the work of local agencies;

Consolidate the User Requirements;

Provide access to data and information

useful for the project;

Organize dedicated ground data

collection campaigns for the project;

Support the validation of the results;

Assess the final service from a user

perspective;

To initiate a project, ESA requests to participating user organizations:

a Letter of Commitment;

a User Requirements Document (URD);

The UserThe User

DUE User Commitments

~150 national ministries and agencies~100 research institutions~few private companies and non-governmental organisations~70 new users brought in 2008 and another 70 in 2009

300 New User Organisations

Working

with

Global Change

Communities

33 organizations (e.g. IPCC, IGBP, WCRP, GODAE, ECMWF, GOFC)

participate in projects addressing the monitoring of different

elements of the Earth system

ESA DUE : Global Change community

GLOBCOLOUR : Global Ocean

Colour for Carbon Cycle Research

GLOBVOLCANO : Deformation /

Thermal / Gas emissions

GLOBAEROSOL,

Global Aerosol Monitoring

MEDSPIRATION : European service

for precise Sea surface temperature.

DUE GlobSeries branding

Working

with

International Environmental

Conventions

ESA participates to UNFCCC, UNCCD,

UNCBD and Ramsar COPs

Map in construction

World Summit, Johannesburg, 2002

UNFCCC COP 8, New Delhi, 2002

RAMSAR COP 8, Valencia, 2002

UNFCCC COP 9, Milan, 2003

UNCCD COP 6, La Havana, 2003

UNFCCC COP 10, Buenos Aires, 2004

UNCCD COP 7, Nairobi, 2005

RAMSAR COP 9, Kampala, 2005

UNFCCC COP 11, Montreal, 2005

UNFCCC COP 12, Nairobi, 2006

UNCCD COP 8, Madrid, 2007

UNFCCC, COP 13, Bali, 2007

RAMSAR COIP 10, Changwon, 2008

UNCBD COP 9, Bonn, 2008

UNFCCC COP 14, Poznan, 2008

Tracking of Hammerhead sharks (background SST map)

DUE Project Offices

New ESA Activities

on Climate Change

•Data Sources:

•Carbon Dioxide: NOAA.

•Land Cover: Goldewijk & Battjes, National Institute

•for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM),

•Netherlands, 1997.

•Temperature: Source unspecified.

•Species Extinction: Reid & Miller, World Resources

•Institute, Washington DC, 1989.

•Nitrogen: Vitousek, 1994,

•Human Population: US Bureau of the Census

Based on information compiled by the International

Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP).

(Image: MERIS mosaic)

ESA Initiative on Climate Change

ESA Initiative on Climate Change

Vulnerability Assessment :

Impacts as a function of Climate Change(Parry et al. 2001 http://www.greenpeace.org/raw/content/usa/press/reports/millions-at-risk.pdf)

ESA Initiative on Climate Change

“Climate change is a major environmental, development

and security issue that, left unaddressed, threatens a

sustainable future for both developed and developing

countries.”

Bob Watson, Chief Scientist, UK Dept. of Environment

& ex- Chairman IPCC, World Bank, NASA

Financial Times, 15th April 2008

ESA Initiative on Climate Change

Programme Content

Re-processing ex archive

(e.g. calibration)

ECV generation

(e.g. validation & bias)

ECV assimilation

& assessment

Education & Awareness

6 year programme

for 3 cycles

FEEDBACK LOOP:

Long Term Archiving Programmes

Multi-mission infrastructure

International Climate Programmes

EC & MS R&D Programmes

IPCC Process, UNFCCC

INPUT FROM

OUTPUT TO

“Deliver”

“Show”

“Gather”

“Exploit”

(from K. Trenberth: Observational needs for climate prediction and adaptation,

WMO Bulletin 57(1), January 2008)

Locus of ESA Climate Change Initiative

Earth Explorers ENVISAT/ERS National MissionsMeteo Missions

(EUMETSAT)GMES Sentinels

Data Access

ESA Climate Change Initiative

(satellite-based ECVs)

in scope /beyond scope

Domain Essential Climate Variables

Atmospheric

(over land,

sea and ice)

Surface:

Air temperature, Precipitation, Air pressure, Surface radiation budget, Wind speed

and direction, Water vapour.

Upper air:

Earth radiation budget (including solar irradiance), Upper-air temperature

(including MSU radiances), Wind speed and direction, Water vapour,

Cloud properties

Composition:Carbon dioxide, Methane, Ozone, Other long-lived greenhouse gases, Aerosol

properties

Oceanic

Surface:

Sea-surface temperature, Sea-surface salinity, Sea level, Sea state, Sea ice,

Current, Ocean colour, Carbon dioxide partial pressure.

Sub-surface:Temperature, Salinity, Current, Nutrients, Carbon, Ocean tracers, Phytoplankton

Terrestrial

River discharge, Water use, Ground water, Lake levels, Snow cover, Glaciers and ice caps, Permafrost and

seasonally-frozen ground, Albedo, Land cover (including vegetation type), Fraction of absorbed

photo-synthetically active radiation (FAPAR), Leaf area index (LAI), Biomass, Fire disturbance,

Biomass, soil moisture

Global Land Cover at 300 meters

(GlobCover project)

ESA GlobColour Project

Global merged MERIS-

MODIS-SeaWiFS ocean

colour product (Chl_a)

April 2003.

Credit: ACRI, LOV, Univ. Plymouth,

ICESS, NIVA, Brockmann Consult,

DLR, ESA, NASA, GeoEye

www.globcolour.info

Ocean Colour pre-cursor (GLOBCOLOUR project)Global Ocean Colour for Carbon Cycle Research