eq int'l magazine oct 2013 edition

October - 2013

www.EQMaglive.com

October - 2013

www.EQMaglive.com

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Interview with Ajay KawadikarVice President and Country Head Solar ISI - ABB LTD.

Time For Strong Performance Monitoring AndReporting Standards

Shopfl oor Automation for Predictability

Challenges For Component Selection & Manufacturing Processof Si Crystalline Photovoltaic Modules In India

Interview with D.V. ManjunathaFounder And Managing Director - EMMVEEEQ

INTERNATIONAL

` 5/-

Anand Gupta Editor & CEO

India Announces JNNSM Phase 2 Batch 1 with 50% Domestic Content Requirement

The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs has approved the

implementation of a scheme for setting up of 750 MW of Grid-connected

Solar PV Power Projects under Batch-1 of Phase-11 (2013-17) of the

Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM) with Viability

Gap Funding (VGF) support from the National Clean Energy Fund

(NCEF).

The total VGF requirement for implementation of the scheme is estimated

as Rs. 1,875 crore at the rate of Rs.2.5 crore/ MW The actual requirement

will, however, depend on the bid prices. This VGF support is estimated

to leverage private investment to the tune of Rs. 5000 crore in setting

up of the projects.The VGF scheme will facilitate setting up of the 750

MW grid connected solar power projects, in mainly the private sector

on Build, Own and Operate (BOO) basis at various locations, which will help supplement grid power generation in the country.

These projects will also lead to an associated development of their surrounding areas with positive impact on the socio-economic

conditions of the local population.

The scheme will be implemented through the Solar Energy Corporation of India (SECI, a Section 25 company set up by the Ministry)

in close association with NTPC Vidyut Vyapar Nigam Limited (NVVN). The power generated shall be purchased by SECI at a

fixed levelised tariff of Rs.5.45 per kWh for 25 years and sold to willing State Utilities/ Discoms at a fixed tariff of Rs.5.50 per

unit for 25 years.The selection of projects would be done through a process of open competitive bidding for their VGF requirement

in order to enable them to supply the solar power to SECI at the fixed tariff of Rs.5.45 per kWh for 25 years.

The RFS Document will be available to download from www.seci.gov.in and www.mnre.gov.in from October 15, 2013 to November

21, 2011 and the Last Date & Time of Submission of Response to RFS will be Nov 29, 2013 1500 Hrs.

Policy & Regulatory News

GERC on Aug 8, 2013 sent shockwaves for the RPO/REC Market by waiving off the shortfall in RPO Compliance for FY13. GERC

had allowed GUVNL to carry forward its RPO targets of FY 11-12 and had mandated to meet RPO targets of FY 13 cumulatively.

GUVNL submitted reasons for non-compliances such as Wind Developers were not willing to sign PPA’s at preferential tariff as

for them REC Mechanism looked lucrative.

Punjab pushes PSPCL to comply with its stipulated RPO Targets for FT12, FY13 & FY14 cumulatively. PERC allowed PSPCL to

carry forward 114.80 non solar MUs and 25.8 solar MUs to FY 14 which is cumulative shortfall for FY12 and FY13.

Delhi’s DERC has allowed the utilities to incorporate the cost of RPO for FY 13-14 in their tariff. Madhya Pradesh MPERC new

directive has ordered all DISCOMS of the state to comply with the RPO. Further Maharashtra’s MERC decision that the obligated

entities will no longer have the cushion of RPO waiver or interchangeability of solar and non-solar RPO asserting that all the obligated

entities in the state will have to meet RPO targets before march FY14. Another important decision on the petition submitted by

Reliance Infrastructure Ltd requesting interchangeability of solar & non-solar RPO and procuring solar power available to meet

the non-solar RPO targets, the commission stated that such a case is possible only when solar power reaches grid parity.

EDITORIAL

CONTENTSVOLUME 3Issue # 10

Owner : FirstSource EnergyINDIA PRIVATE LIMITED

Place of Publication :17, Shradhanand Marg (Chhawani) Distt-Indore 452 001, Madhya Pradesh, INDIATel. + 91 731 255 3881 Fax. +91 731 2553882www.EQMagLive.com

Editor & CEO:ANAND [email protected]

PUBLISHER:ANAND GUPTA

PRINTER:ANAND GUPTA

TRENDS & ANALYSISSAUMYA BANSAL [email protected]

ARPITA [email protected]

PUBLISHING COMPANY DIRECTORS:ANIL GUPTA

ANITA GUPTA

Consulting Editor: SURENDRA BAJPAI

Editorial Contributions:D.V. Manjunatha, Moumita Debnath, S. K. Shil, Raymond An, Srimathy. N, Sriparn Saurabh, KREMPEL GmbH, Marcus Klein , Dr. Torsten Brammer , Ajay Kawadikar, Markus Amendt , Narang N. Kishor , Felix G. Hensel ,Gustav Hensel, R. Rajesh, B. T. Ajwani , R.V.Girish , Jyoti Dar, Dwipen Boruah , Vikas Almadi , Nakul Thombre, Ratika singh Rawat, Priyanka Rana, Umashankar S, Venu Madhav D, Sankalp Ved , Ketan Chheda

Layout and Design:MD SUHAIL KHAN

Printing Press:PRINT PACK PVT. LTD.60/61, Babu Lalbhchnad Chajlani Marg, Distt-Indore, (Madhya Pradesh)

Disclaimer,Limitations of Liability

While every efforts has been made to ensure the high quality and accuracy of EQ international and all our authors research articles with the greatest of care and attention ,we make no warranty concerning its content,and the magazine is provided on an>> as is <<basis.EQ international contains advertising and third –party contents.EQ International is not liable for any third- party content or error,omission or inaccuracy in any advertising material ,nor is it responsible for the availability of external web sites or their contents

The data and information presented in this magazine is provided for informational purpose only.neither EQ INTERNATINAL ,Its affiliates,Information providers nor content providers shall have any liability for investment decisions based up on or the results obtained from the information provided. Nothing contained in this magazine should be construed as a recommendation to buy or sale any securities. The facts and opinions stated in this magazine do not constitute an offer on the part of EQ International for the sale or purchase of any securities, nor any such offer intended or implied

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The material in this magazine is protected by international copyright and trademark laws. You may not modify,copy,reproduce,republish,post,transmit,or distribute any part of the magazine in any way.you may only use material for your personall,Non-Commercial use, provided you keep intact all copyright and other proprietary notices.If you want to use material for any non-personel,non commercial purpose,you need written permission from EQ International.

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Dr. Torsten Brammer

36 Led’s Simulate The Sun. The Sinus-220 Solar Simulator From Wavelabs

INTE

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WD.V. Manjunatha

32 Founder And Managing Director

EMMVEE

I N T E R N A T I O N A L

Waaree Energies Ltd. is one of India’s most diversifi ed & fastest growing solar energy solutions company, a part of the consortium of Waaree Group established in 1989, India’s premier multi-diverse technology group having its forte in multifarious verticals such as Solar Energy, Industrial Valves, Petroleum Equipment’s & Process Control Instrumentation.

Our business verticals include EPC of MW scale Solar Power Plants, Off grid / KW Rooftop Solar Solutions, Solar Thermal systems , Solar Water Pumps and Solar Modules manufacturing with an avant-garde 110 MW automated production facility expanding to 250 MW in July 2013 at Surat(SEZ), for various on-grid and off-grid applications and being exported to more than 68 countries globally.

Cover

Subscriptions:PIYUSH [email protected]

Sales & Marketing:GOURAV [email protected]

CONTENTS

Eq BuSinESS & FinAnciAL nEWS 6-25

SOLAR PV MAnuFAcTuRinG

26 Challenges For Component Selection & Manufacturing Processof Si Crystalline Photovoltaic Modules In India

30 New From KREMPEL: PV Backsheets For Thin Film Solar Modules

34 EddyCus TF Series – Non-Contact Sheet Resistance Measurement Solutions

38 TS240C (Semi Automatic Tabber and Stringer) Enhance your Manual PV Module Manufacturing

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Nakul Thombre60 A new cascaded 21 Level

inverter with reduced number of switches and Dc sources for Grid ....

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Ketan Chheda64 Time For Strong

Performance Monitoring And Reporting Standards

INTE

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WAjay Kawadikar48 Vice President and country

Head Solar iSi - ABB LTD.

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Narang N. Kishor44 Renewable Energy

“Leading the way to an Energy Efficient, Smart & Green india”

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Venu Madhav D62 Shopfloor Automation for

Predictability

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R. Rajesh50 Array Junction Boxes &

Must Be Total insulated!

inTERViEW

40 NEPC India Limited

SOLAR EnERGY

47 skytron® energy launches redesigned smart combiner box for economic operation in PV power plants

52 High Concentrated Photo Voltaics (Hcpv) Technology For Solar Grid Connected & Offgrid Power Generation

55 Kuvam Bihar Initiative56 Grid Connected PV System

Design 58 DEHN Short Circuit

Interruption Technology for PV Installations.

POST SHOW REPORT

65 Policy Makers And Industry Captains Give 7th Rei 2013 Expo Thumbs Up/ Relying On Renewable Energy For A Better Future/Race For Clean Energy : Destination India

quARTER RESuLTS

66 SunEdison - Significant Progress Due To Aggressive

PRODucT REPORT

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& EQ FinancialBusiness

www.EQMagLive.comEQ INTERNATIONAL - October 20136

Hero Group Diversifies into Renewable Energy Sectorwith ‘Hero Future Energies’

Mahindra EPC bags 40 MWp of solar EPC projects in Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh & Tamil NaduOffers complete portfolio of products & services, encompassing solar eco-system

• Todevelop1GW+ofRenewableEnergycapacitybyyear2016-17

• AspirestobeadominantplayerintheWindandSolarsector&aglobalplayerinthelong-term

New Delhi, 6thSeptember 2013: TheUS$5.6billionHeroGroup,oneofIndia’slargestbusinesshouses,todayforayedintorenewableenergysectorwiththelaunchof itsnewbusinessunit– ‘HeroFutureEnergies’.

Hero Future Energies, an IndependentPowerProducer(IPP),planstodevelop1GigaWatt+ofrenewableenergybytheyear2016-17.TheCompanywilloperateacrossvariousverticalsofrenewableenergyviz.wind,solarandhydro;ofthese,windandsolararetheinitialfocusareas.

Announcing this here today,Mr. RahulMunjal,ManagingDirector,HeroFutureEnergiessaid,“Inthewakeofsignificantpowershortagescurrentlybeingwitnessedinourcountry,wearemakingastrategicmove intotherenewableenergysector.AlignedtotheHeroGroup’scorephilosophy

MahindraEPCServicesPvt.Ltd.,partoftheMahindraPartnersDivisionoftheUSD16.2billionMahindraGroup,hasbagged40MWpofthirdpartysolarEPCprojectsacrossRajasthan,AndhraPradeshandTamilNadu.

“MahindraEPChassustaineditsleadershippositioninthemarketthisyearaswell.Withproactive policy actions from several state governments,especiallyinAndhraPradeshandTamilNadu,weareaimingfor150MWofexecutionsinFY14.”saidParagShah,ManagingPartneratMahindraPartnersandHeadofMahindraCleantechDivision,onthesidelinesofthe7thRenewableEnergyIndia2013ExpoinNewDelhi.

“Alongwith an impressive order book,innovationscontinuetobeattheheartofMahindraEPC’sDNA”addedMrShah.

Thecompanyhasdevelopeditspatentedin-houseplantmonitoringsystem,MahindraSCADA,thecapabilitiesofwhichincludeexhaustivedataacquisitionandtriggeralerts

ofexcellence,qualityandinnovativeness,weaspiretobecomeaglobalpowerproducerinthelong-run.Focusedondomesticaswellas internationalmarkets,ourvision istorevolutionizethewayenergyisdelivered,through a cleaner andmore affordablealternativetoutilityenergy.”

RegisteredinOctober2012,theCompanyhas already commissioned a successfulwind pilot project of 37.5 MW inRajasthaninashortspanoffourmonths.Implemented in collaboration with theGovernmentofRajasthan,theprojectwilloffset72,000TonnesofCarbonEmissionsannually.Thepilotprojectisestimatedtoprovidecleanenergyto70,000domestic

households.ThisyeartheCompanyplanstodevelop100MWofWind&Solarand1MWofRoof-topSolar.

“WithHeroFutureEnergies,ourendeavoristocontributetowardsreducingcarbonfootprint, preserving natural resources andcreatingconsciousnesstowards‘GreenDiscipline’”,addedMr.Munjal.

HeroFutureEnergiescurrentlyhasastrongprojectpipelinewhichincludes400MWofWindProjectsand50MWSolarProjectsacrossMadhya Pradesh,Maharashtra,Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. TheCompanyhasrecentlybeenawarded10MWSolarPowerProject inKarnatakaundertheState’sSolarPowerProgram.TheCompanyisalsoexecuting1000kWpSolar Roof-top Projects for consumersacrosscategoriesinIndia.

HeroFutureEnergies,afully-ownedHeroGroupCompany,willbegovernedbyastrongManagement team,Mr. Rahul Munjal,ManagingDirectorandMr.SunilJain,ChiefExecutiveOfficer&ExecutiveDirector.

inrealtime,ensuringabirdseyeviewoftheinstallation.ThecustomizableandagnosticnatureofMahindraSCADAhasbeenakeyindustrydifferentiatorforMahindraEPCintheindustry.

Adding to the exciting innovations atMahindraEPCthisyearistheSolarDG-Hybrid system. The Solar DG- Hybridsystem is a product ofMahindraEPC’sinternalR&Dlabsandsmartlyalternatesbetweensolarenergyanddieselgeneratorconsumption,reducingcarbonfootprintwithsubstantialcommercialsavings.Itcomeswithanear100%solarpenetration,smartgridcompatibilityandremotedataloggingbesidesbeingcompletelycustomizable.

“MahindraEPC’splantshavedeliveredthehighestgenerationoutputperMWpacrossallplantsunderJNNSMPhase1Batch2,asperdatareleasedbytheMinistryofNewandRenewableEnergy(MNRE)forApril2013toJuly2013.With70MWpinstallations,MahindraEPChasonceagain

proveditselfasareliableandcredibleplayerinthe industry.”saidBasantJain,CEO,MahindraEPC.

2013hasseentheincubationanddeploymentofMahindraEPC’sforayintothetelecomtower solarization segment. A currentorderbookof1000telecomtowershasbeenreceivedwith leadingtier1Indiantelecomcompanies,withaninstallationinthestateofBiharnearingcommissioning.This is testimonytothetrust instilled intheMahindrabrandandMahindraEPC’ssupremeexecutioncapabilities.

Inaneraofrisingfuelpricesanddepletingresources,MahindraEPC,hasdevelopedsolarchargingstationsforelectricvehicles.Implementedacrossthecountry,thishasfacilitatedcitizenstoleadacompletegreenmobilitylifestyle,enablingthemto„Rise.“Withanarrayof innovativeandcuttingedgesolutions,MahindraEPCaspirestobethethought leader intheGreenEPCSolutionsdomain,”saidMr.Jain.



Largest Solar Power Project In The World To Be Set Up In Rajasthan 1St Phase To Be Completed In 3 Years - Praful Patel

Thailand – Emerging Solar PV Opportunities

TheGovernmenthasfinalizedthesettingupofa ‘Ultra-MegaGreenSolarPowerProject’inRajasthanintheSSL(SambharSalts Limited;which is a subsidiary ofHindustanSaltsLimited-aCentralPublicSectorEnterpriseundertheDepartmentofHeavyIndustry,MinistryofHeavyIndustries&PublicEnterprises)areaclosetoSambharLake,about75kmsfromJaipur.Thetotalcapacityofthisprojectwillbe4000MWand,therefore,thiswillbethelargestsolarbasedpowerprojectintheworld.

ShriPraful Patel, Minister of HeavyIndustries and Public Enterprises, hadearlier asked theDepartment ofHeavy

Thailandisexpectedtoexperiencesignificantnear-termgrowthanddevelopintooneoftheleadingsolarPVmarketsinSoutheastAsia.Thailand’sabundantsolarresource,PVmarketmaturityandtherelativeeffectivenessof current solar policies provide an attractive growthenvironmentforcommercial,utilityaswellasresidential-scaleprojects.Thecountrycurrentlyhas justunder500MWofinstalledsolarPVcapacity,butprovidedoptimalgrowthconditionsthiscouldincreasetobetween1,200and2,000MWby2017.

Through itsnationalAlternativeEnergyDevelopmentPlan,ThailandhassetoneofthemoreambitiousregionalsolarPVtargetsat3,000MWby2021.TheprincipaldriversthatwillallowThailandtomeetthisgoal

Industry(DHI)to initiatetheprocessofsettingupthe‘SambharUltra-MegaGreenSolarPowerProject’ inthe23,000acreareaofSSLashehadenvisionedsynergizingthecapacitiesoftheCPSEsunderDHItoutilizethelargeareaofSSLforproducinggreenenergy.ShriPatelsaysthefirstphaseoftheproject,whichwillbeof1000MWcapacity, is likelytobecommissioned inthreeyears i.e.bytheendof2016.Thefirstphaseoftheprojectisexpectedtobeimplementedthroughajointventure(JV)companytobeformedwithequityfromBHEL,SolarEnergyCorporationofIndia,PowerGridCorporationofIndiaLtd.,SJVN,

SSLandREIL.Basedontheexperiencegainedduringimplementationofthefirstphaseofproject, theremainingcapacitywouldbeimplementedthroughavarietyofmodels.

When the4000MWof project is fullycommissioned,itwillgenerate6000millionunitsofpowerperannum.TheprojectwillsupplypowertothedistributioncompaniesofvariousStatesthroughtheNationalGrid.

Beingthefirstprojectofthisscaleanywherein theworld thisproject isexpected toset a trend for large scale solarpowerdevelopmentintheworld.

aretheRenewableEnergyAdderProgram(REAP) and the two newly introducedresidential/commercial-scale and community feed-intariffprograms.Inthepast,REAPprovided power producers operatingrenewableenergyprojectsbetween1and90MWincapacitywithavarietyofpricepremiums including a generation-basedtechnologyadder.Whilecurrentlyonhold,this initiative isexpectedtocontinuetobeadriverforthedevelopmentof largerprojects.

Attheotherendofthecapacityspectrum,residentialandcommercial-scalesolarPVprojectshavenotexperiencedthesamelevelofdevelopment(98.7%ofThailand’scurrentsolarPVcapacityismadeupofutility-scale

projects>1MWinsize).ThisisexpectedtochangefollowingtheQ32013announcementbytheEnergyRegulatoryCommissionwhichintroducedtwonewinitiativesfor<1MWrooftopprojectsaswellas1MWcommunity-basedground-mountedprojects(refertothetablebelowforfeed-intariffspecifics).Havingexperienced substantial interestinpreviousinitiativeswhichresultedinalargenumberof inactiveandspeculativeapplications,theCommissionhassetstricttimelinesforprojectinstallation(December2013forrooftopprojectsandDecember2014forground-mountprojects).Giventhesetimelines,Thailand’ssolarPVsectoris set to undergo significant near-termgrowth.

Renewsys Signs Mou To Install Solar Power Plant For Captive Consumption

RenewSys, the qualitymanufacturer ofEVAEncapsulantandBacksheetsbasedatBengaluru,IndiahassignedMoUwithEMMVEESolarto install100KWsolarpowerplant.Also, itsassociatecompanyAcuprint Systems hassignedMoU withAutonicEnergySystemstoinstall40KWsolarpowerplant.The100KWpowerplantofRenewSys shall bepartially roof topandpartialgroundmountedwhilst40KW

systemAcuprintshallbecompletelyrooftopinstallation.Boththeplantsareaimedforcaptiveusage.

It has also been agreed that both theEPCscompaniesshalluseRenewSysEVAEncapsulant(‘CONSERV’)andBacksheet(‘PRESERV’) tomanufacture the solarmodulesfortheseinstallations.Inadditionto having taken one more step by theGroup towards the renewable energy,

through these installations, RenewSyswantstodemonstrateandshowcasetheperformance,durabilityandreliabilityofitsEVAEncapsulantandBacksheetintheactualfield.Boththesystemsareexpectedtobeoperationalwithin3months.


Delhi Metro Signs Mou With Solar Energy Corporation Of India To Jointly Take UP Solar Power Projects

DelhiMetro Rail Corporation (DMRC)andtheSolarEnergyCorporationofIndia(SECI)recentlysignedaMemorandumofUnderstanding(MoU)inordertocarryoutprojectsfortheproductionofrenewablesolarpowerintheDelhiMetropremises.AspertheMoU,boththeorganizationswill collaborate for thedevelopmentofSolarPV(Photovoltaic)Projects(groundmounted,rooftopandotherpossiblemodes)atidentifiedDMRCSitesfortheproductionofsolarenergy.

AftersigningofthisMoU,apilotproject,of500kWprooftopgridconnectedSolarPVProjectwillbeinstalledatoneoftheidentified rooftops of the Delhi MetroStations.Thetwoorganizationswillalsoexplore the possibility of developing of

anothersite(s)whereSolarPVPlantcanbeset–up.Inordertocarryout theseprojects,DMRCandSECIwillconstituteaJointDevelopmentTeam(JDT)whichwillconsistofseniorofficialsfromboththeorganizations.Earlier,M/sGIZ,afederalenterpriseoftheGovernmentofGermany,activelysupportedDMRC’ssolarinitiativeunder itsCOMSOLARprogrammemeanttofacilitateInternationalCo-operationforsustainabledevelopment.

The production of solar power throughthisMOUwillhelpDMRCpartiallyfulfillitsenergyrequirementsaswellasreducecarbonfootprints.SolarEnergyCorporationofIndia(SECI)isanot-for-profitcompanyundertheMinistryofNewandRenewableEnergy, Government of India,with the

objectiveofdevelopingSolarTechnologiesandsolarpowerplantsinIndia.DelhiMetrohasalreadytakenupaslewofmeasuresoriented towards the conservation ofenvironmentandtheuseofrenewablemeansofenergy.In2011,DMRCwascertifiedbytheUnitedNations(UN)asthefirstMetroRailandRailbasedsystemintheworldtogetcarbonCreditsforreducingGreenHouseGasEmissionsas ithashelpedtoreducepollution levels inthecityby6.3lakhtonseveryyearthushelpinginreducingglobalwarming.DMRC’sfirstCDMprojectonregenerativebrakinghadalsoachievedmanyinternationalfirstsapartfromearningvaluableforeignexchangeforthecountry.

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Emerging Solar Markets Set for Rapid Installation Expansion Through 2017

Thenext big opportunity for growth inthe global solar business lies in small,emergingmarketswherephotovoltaic(PV)installationsareforecasttoriseatabouttripletheglobalaverageduringtheperiodfrom2012through2017.

Annual installations in these emergingcountriesareexpectedtoincreaseto10.9gigawatts(GW)in2017,expandingatacompoundannualgrowthrate(CAGR)of38percentfrom2.2GWin2012,accordingtoanewreportentitled“EmergingSolarPVMarketsTracker”fromIHSInc.(NYSE:IHS),a leadingglobalsourceofcriticalinformationand insight.Incontrast, theoverallglobalmarketwillexpandataCAGRofonly13percentduringthesameperiod.Theemergingmarketswillaccountfor19percentofglobalinstallationsin2017,upfromjust7percentin2012.

The attached figure presents the IHSforecastofsolarPVinstallationsinemergingcountries. The category of emergingcountriescovers40countriesthattodatehaveinstalledacumulativetotaloflessthan1GWworthofPVsystems.

“Acrosstheworld,newmarketsforsolarPVareemerging,propelledbygovernmentincentives, including tenders for large-scale contracts,feed-in-tariff(FIT)schemesandself-consumption support,” saidJosefinBerg,seniorPVanalystatIHS.“Althoughthese markets sometimes have hugehurdles—likelimitedfinancing,regulatoryuncertaintyandopaque localregulatoryconditions—companiesthroughoutthesolarsupplychaincanbenefitfromtargetingthesefast-growingemergingcountries.”

Thailand and Turkey lead the way

Oftheemergingcountriesanalyzed,ThailandandTurkeyareexpectedtobecomethelargestmarketsinthecomingyears.Bothcountrieshave thepotential to installacumulative total of nearly3GWofPVsystemsduringtheperiodfrom2013through2017.

TheThaimarket has already taken offbecauseofitsadderscheme,underwhichthegovernmentpaysfeed-inpremiumstosolarpowerproducers.

In contrast, the Turkishmarket is stilltaxiingtowardthegrowthrunway.InJunethecountryexperiencedanavalancheofapplications that far exceeded the600megawatts(MW)thathadbeenplanned

bythegovernment.Thishasdelayedthelicensing procedure and pushed backinstallationsuntillate2014and2015.

Turkey’s rooftop market, however, ispredictedtopickupspeedin2014toreach300MW.By2017,itsannualPVdemandwillclimbto1GW.

New markets charge up in Europe

Amongregions,IHSforecaststhebiggestchunkofdemandthrough2017—atmorethanone-third—tocomefromnewmarketsinEurope.Europe’srelativelystablefinancialconditionsandproximitytoexperiencedPVcompanieswillsupportrapiddeploymentonceregulatorysupporttakesshape.

Poland,TurkeyandRussiaareallrollingoutsupportschemes,whileUkraineandRomaniaalreadyinstallPVsystemsatarapidpace.Fortheirpart,theNetherlands,SwitzerlandandDenmarkaresettocontinueonapathofrooftopinstallations.

In the other regions demand is evenlyspread,withafewcountriesineachregionspearheadinggrowth.IHSexpectsSouthAfrica,IsraelandSaudiArabiatodrivePVadditionsintheAfrica-MiddleEastregion,whileChile,BrazilandMexicowill fueldemandinLatinAmerica.InAsia-Pacific,PVdemandisdominatedbyThailandandSouthKorea,whicharebothonthebrinkofshiftingtheirstatusfromemergingtomaturingPVmarkets.

TheattachedtablepresentstheIHSrankingofthelargestemergingPVmarkets2013-2017intermsofcumulativeadditionsfrom2013through2017.

Tenders open up new opportunities across the globe

ThisyearUruguay,Jamaica,RussiaandNamibiaareamongnewmarketstopursuePV tenders.Meanwhile, Indonesia andMoroccohaveannouncedplanstoopenPVtenderslaterthisyear.

“PVdevelopersandsupplierswillneedtostayontopofthesetenders inordernottomissanyrequestsforproposal,”Bergcontinued. “Still,many tenders remainlimitedtoafewprojects,andsupplierswillneedtobeselectiveoverwhichonesareworthparticipatingin.Large-scaletenderschemes,suchasSouthAfrica’sRenewableEnergy Independent Power ProducerProcurement(REIPP)program,offeramore solid development environment to

pursuealargeportfolioofprojects.”

Latin America attracts the largest developer pipelines

Ofthe30largestPVdevelopersbuildinguppipelinesinemergingPVmarkets,21areconcentratingtheirdevelopmenteffortsonLatinAmerica.IHSreportsmorethan12GWofprojectsinLatinAmerica’sPVpipeline,90percentofwhichareearly-stageprojectsthatlackanoff-takeagreement.

“Competitionforoff-takeagreements inmarketslikeChileistightening,”Bergsaid.“Somedevelopersare lookingatsellingPV-generatedelectricityonthemerchantmarket.Sofar,onlytheInternationalFinanceCorp.hasofferedtosponsorsuchaprojectinChile,inthehandsofSunEdison.”

CompetitionforgridaccesswillalsobeabottleneckforPVdevelopers.OutofChile’s6GWpipeline,IHSforecastslessthanone-thirdwillsecurearevenuechannel,closefinancingandfinishconstructionby2018.

CumulativeSolarPhotovoltaicInstallationsin EmergingCountriesfor2013through2017

IHSInc.September2013

Forecast of Annual PV Installations inEmergingCountries(inGigawatts)

Source:IHSInc.September2013

Rank Country Gigawatts Installed

1 Thailand 2.92 Turkey 2.83 SouthKorea 2.64 SouthAfrica 2.55 Ukraine 2.26 Chile 2.27 Netherlands 2.28 Brazil 2.09 Israel 1.810 Switzerland 1.6

Others 13.5

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Please visit us at: on Nov 12-14, 2013, at Stall no. 1210, Mumbai, India



China Sunergy’s High-Efficient Mono Cells Achieves Certified New Conversion Efficiency Record of 20.26%

NANJING, China, Sept. 3, 2013 /PRNewswire/--ChinaSunergyCo.,Ltd.(NASDAQ:CSUN)(“ChinaSunergy”or“theCompany”),aspecializedsolarcelland module manufacturer, today announced that itsnewgenerationofhigh-efficientmono-crystallinesolarcellshavereached20.26%conversionefficiencyinthepilotresearchanddevelopment(“R&D”)line,andhavereceivedcertificationrecentlyfromtheFraunhoferInstituteforSolarEnergySystemsISE(“FraunhoferISE”),thelargestsolarenergyresearchinstituteinEurope.

Thenewgenerationofhigh-efficientmono-crystallinesolarcellscombinestheCompany’sWaratahandQSARcelltechnologyin a new design structure that enablesit to achieve high conversion efficiency

usingnormalwafers.Thenewconversionefficiencyrecordof20.26%wasconfirmedbyFraunhoferISEastheleadinglevelamongallphotovoltaicenterprisesinChinaandhassurpassedthebenchmarkof20%mono-crystallinecellsconversionefficiencysetbytheeightdevelopmentguidelinesissuedbytheStateCouncilforChina’sphotovoltaicindustryinJuly2013.

The high-efficient mono-crystallinesolar cells offer outstanding cost advantage andspacereduction,makingthemidealforrooftopapplications.ChinaSunergyhasinstalled high-efficientmono-crystallinesolarcellproductionlineswiththecapacityof 70MW, and a correspondingmoduleproductionlinewiththecapacityof15MWin itsnewlycompletedR&Dcenter.The

company plans to start commercial mass productionbytheendofthisyear.

Dr. JianhuaZhao, ChiefTechnologyOfficerofChinaSunergy,said,“AsoneofthekeymembersforChina’s863programindevelopingandcommercializinghigh-efficientandlow-costcrystallinesiliconsolarcells,wearecommittedtodevelopingcutting-edgeandstrategicsolartechnologies.Weareproudofourrecordachievement,andaimtopromptlydeploythisnewbreakthroughforlarge-scalecommercialapplication.OursuccessvalidatesthehardworkanddiligenceofourdedicatedR&Dteam,andweremaindeterminedtofurtheradvancethestateoftheartandtofosterhealthyandsustainabledevelopmentforsolarenergy.”

ADB to Provide $500 Million for Renewable Energy Transmission System in Northwest IndiaMANILA, PHILIPPINES – The AsianDevelopmentBank(ADB)willprovide$500milliontobuildapowertransmissionsystemneededtodelivercleanelectricityfromwindandsolarpowerprojects inRajasthaninNorthwestIndiatothestateandnationalgrids.

“Boostingrenewableenergyis importantfor Rajasthan and India to meet fast-growingenergyneedsinawaythatiskindtotheenvironmentwhilealso improvingthecountry’senergysecuritybyreducingreliance on imported fossil fuels,” saidLenGeorge,EnergySpecialist inADB’sSouthAsiaDepartment.“Theproposedtransmissioninvestmentswillalsosupportevacuation of energy produced in large renewable energy parks that bring ineconomies of scale compared to smaller stand-alonerenewableenergyprojects.”

TheBhadlaparkinWesternRajasthanisthefirstsolarparkthatisunderdevelopmentby the Rajasthan Renewable EnergyCorporation,thestate’srenewableenergyagency, tohousephotovoltaicand solarthermalprojectsandispartofRajasthan’s

aimtoreachabout8,000megawattsof

solarandwindgenerationcapacityby2018,

largelyfromtheprivatesector.

Solarenergydevelopmentisalsoakeypart

ofthenationalgovernment’sgoalunderthe

JawaharlalNehruSolarMission(JNNSM)

tofindrenewableenergyalternativesto

fossil fuels tomeetIndia’s fast-growing

energyneeds.TheJNSMM,setupin2010,

aimstodeploy20,000megawattsofsolar

powercapacityacrossIndiaby2022.A

largechunkofthatisexpectedtobelocated

inRajasthan,whichhasoneofthehighest

levelsofsolar irradiation inIndiaandis

hometoover80%ofthesolarpowerset

upunderPhase1oftheJNNSM.

Workhasalreadystartedon75megawattsof

solarphotovoltaicpowerattheBhadlapark

aftercompetitivebiddinginearly2013under

theRajasthansolarpolicyandafurther200

megawattswillbeaddedannuallystarting

2014.

Thenewpowertransmissionsystemwill

involveabout1,850kilometersoftransmission

lines,mostlyinwesternRajasthan,threenew

400kilovoltsubstationsandninenew220kilovoltgridsubstations.Thefundswillalsobeusedtoboostthetransmissioncapacityofsevenexistingsubstations.ApartfromservingtheBhadlapark,theinfrastructuresupportssolarandwindpowerdevelopmentsinWesternRajasthan.

Thefundscomprisea$498millionmulti-tranchefinancingfacilityincludingfundsfromtheconcessionalCleanTechnologyFund,andafurther$2millionintechnicalassistancegrantthatfinancesinfrastructureplanningfortheBhadlapark,transmissionsystemstudies and a community development plan tosetupsolarpowerelectricityandcleanwaterequipmentforsmallcommunities.ThegovernmentofRajasthanandstatetransmissionutilitieswillprovidecounterpartfinancingofabout$300million.

Thesecondloantrancheofaround$220millionisexpectedtobereleasedlaterin2014andthefinal loanofaround$128millionexpectedtobemadein2015.Theinvestment program is expected to becompletedbyearly2018.

www.EQMagLive.com


India-Chile to Enhance Cooperation in Renewable Energy

IndiaandChilehaveagreedtoenhancetheircooperationinthefieldofRenewableEnergy.ThiswasdecidedatameetingheldbetweentheChileanEnergyMinisterMr.JorgeBunsterandDr.FarooqAbdullah,MinisterofNewandRenewableEnergyatSantiago.Dr.FarooqAbdullahisvisitingChilealongwithahighleveldelegationtoexploregreateropportunitiesforcooperationandcollaborationbetweenIndianandChile.

Dr.AbdullahbriefedhiscounterpartontheenergysituationinIndia.Dr.AbdullahstatedthatIndiaplanstoaddover30GWofrenewableenergytoitsenergymixinthenext5yearsalone.HealsodweltonthesuccessofthewindprogrammeaswellasthesignificantcostreductionsinsolarenergythroughtheJawaharLalNehruNationalSolarMission(JNNSM).

MrBunsterinformedtheIndianMinisterthatChileisalmostentirelydependentonimportsforitsenergyneedsandisthereforeextremelykeentodiversifyitsenergymixbyintroducingalargecomponentofrenewables.Ithasconsiderablepotentialinwind,hydro,solarandgeothermalenergy.MrBunsterrecognizedIndia’sconsiderableachievementsandstrengthsinrenewableenergyandnotedthatIndiahadmadelargestridesinthesame.Heexpressedhisgovernment’sdesiretosetupa50MWSolarthermalgeneratingcapacityinthenorthofthecountry.

Dr.AbdullahofferedIndia’ssupportandexpertisetoChileinsettinguprenewableprojects.HeofferedtheservicesofIndianexpertsandinstitutionslikeCentreforWindEnergy,SolarEnergyCentre,AlternateHydroEnergyCentreforresourceassessmentofrenewableenergysources,trainingofpersonnelandalsopreparationofprojectsforexploitingthesetechnologiesinChile.HealsoofferedtrainingslotsinIndiatoChileanscientists,engineersandtechniciansthroughtheIndianTechnicalAndEconomicCooperation(ITEC)Programme.TheIndianMinisterexpressedhiscountry’sdesireforaseriousandmeaningfulcooperationwiththeentireLatinAmericanregion,especiallyChile,inrenewableenergyandofferedallpossibleassistance.

Earlierintheday,theMinisterheldabilateralmeetingwiththeForeignMinister,MrAlfredoMorenoCharme.Thetwoministersdiscussedavarietyof issuesofbilateral interestincludingtheproposedvisitoftheChileanpresidenttoIndiainOctober.TheMinisteralsometMr.JorgePizzaro,thePresidentoftheChileanSenate.HealsoaddressedameetingoftheUNECLACinSantiagowhereheofferedIndia’sfullestsupporttotheentireregionindevelopmentofrenewableenergy.



Global Solar Inverter Shipments Fall For The First Time In Seven Quarters During Q2

Worldwide market shipments of solarphotovoltaic (PV) inverters declinedby5percentyear-on-year inthesecondquarter—thefirstsuchdecreasesincethethirdquarterof2011—asdemandfellinkeyEuropeancountries.PVinvertershipmentsinthesecondquarterof2013amountedto8.3gigawatts(GW),down5percentfrom8.7GWduringthesameperiodin2012,accordingtoanewreportentitled“TheWorldMarket forPV Inverters - 2013Edition”fromIHS(NYSE:IHS),aleadingglobalsourceofcritical informationandinsight.

Inverters are devices that perform anessential function in PV installations,convertingdirectcurrent(DC)electricityfrom multiple solar panels into alternating current(AC).ThemainculpritforthedecreaseinPVinvertershipmentsworldwidewasthesharpslowdownintheEuropeanmarket.ShipmentsintheEurope,MiddleEastandAfrica(EMEA)regionduringthefirsthalfof2013fellmorethan40percentcomparedtothefirsthalfof2012.TheEMEAregionaccountedforonly6GWworthofshipmentsinthefirsthalfof2013,downfrom10GWduringthesameperiodin2012.

“The pace of contraction for invertershipments incriticalEuropeancountriessuchasGermanyandItalyhasbeenfasterthanexpected,withsomeofthesemarketsseeingtheirdemanddeclinebymorethan70percentthisyear,”saidCormacGilligan,seniorPVmarketanalystatIHS.“Someinvertersuppliershavebeenveryreliantonthesehistorically largemarkets.Becauseofthis,invertersuppliersareseekingnewmarketsandhaveexpandedtheirpresenceinternationally inhigh-growthcountries,includingtheUnitedStates,China,JapanandIndia.”

Golden Sun heats up China’s inverter

market

Despite theannualdecrease, shipmentsgrewonasequentialbasis,risingby24percent inthesecondquartercomparedtothefirstquarter.Thelargegrowth inquarter-to-quartershipmentswaslargelyaccounted forbyChina,where invertershipmentsincreasedby174percentinthesecondquarterof2013toreachalmost2GW.ThesurgewaspoweredbyarushtocompleteprojectsaidedbyChina’sGoldenSunprogram.

“Although China’s inverter shipmentsnearlytripledduringthesecondquarterof2013,thecountry’sinvertermarketisstilldominatedbydomesticsuppliers,”Gilliganadded.“ChinaremainsachallengingmarketforWesternsupplierstopenetratedespiteitssize.Averageinverterpriceshavedecreasedby14percentinthesecondquarterof2013toreachaslowas$0.07perwatt,whichmeansthatinvertersuppliersreallyneedalocalpresenceinordertohavecompetitivepricinginthismarket.”

Inverter revenues on the wane

Averageglobal inverterpricescontinuedtodecline,droppingby10percent inthesecondquarterof2013comparedtothefirstquarter.Thisdeclinewastheresultofinvertershipmentsshiftingto lower-costmarketsinAsiaandcontinuedpriceerosioninmaturesolarmarkets.Revenuedecreasedby18percentyear-on-yearinthesecondquarterof2013to$1.6billion.InEuropeinverterrevenuefellbymorethan50percentinthesecondquarterof2013,withmarketssuchasGermanyandItalysufferingrevenuedeclinesofmorethan60percent.

India to help Cuba develop Renewable Energy resources

India has offered to helpCuba developitsrenewableenergyresources.ThiswasconveyedbyDr.FarooqAbdullah,Ministerof New and Renewable Energy toMr.Marino Murillo, Vice president of theRepublicofCubaatHavana.Dr.FarooqAbdullah is visiting Cuba along with ahighleveldelegationofexpertstoexploregreater opportunities for cooperation and collaborationbetweenthetwocountries.Dr.AbdullahalsohelddetaileddiscussionswithMr.AlfredoLopezValdes,theCubanMinisterofEnergyandMines.

Dr.Abdullahbriefedhis counterpartontheenergysituation inIndiaandIndia’sambitiousplans inrenewableenergy.HeexplainedthatIndiacurrentlyhasover29GWofgrid-connected installedcapacity

using renewable sources of energy andthatithasplansovertoaddover30GWmorecapacityby2017.HealsodweltonthesuccessofIndia’swindprogrammeaswellasthesignificantcostreductions insolarenergythroughtheJawaharLalNehruNationalSolarMission(JNNSM).

BothMr.MurilloandMr.ValdezinformedtheIndianMinisterofCuba’sstrongdesiretodiversifyitsenergymixbyexploitingitsrenewable energy resources, especiallyinwindandbagasse-basedcogenerationprojects.TheysoughtIndia’ssupportandexpertise in helping Cuba achieve thisobjective.Dr.AbdullahrecalledIndia’slongstandingandtraditionallywarmrelationswithCubaandsaidthatIndiahasalwayssupportedtheCubannationanditspeople.

HeofferedIndia’ssupportandexpertiseinsettinguprenewableprojectsaswellasincapacitybuildingandprojectpreparation.HealsourgedtheCubansidetotakeadvantageoftheLinesofCreditofferedbyIndiainsettinguprenewableenergyprojects.

EarlierDr.AbdullahwasgivenabriefontheachievementsofCubainuniversalizinghealthcareresultinginsignificantreductionsin infant mortality and increase in life expectancy.Healsovisitedthelocalpolyclinictounderstandfirst-handthehealthsystemsandhaddetaileddiscussionsthere.



Imec, RENA and SoLayTec improve ALD passivation in industrial PERC Si solar cells achieving 20.1% efficiency

Komax Solar Receives Large Equipment Order

EIB Support For Renewable Energy And Energy Efficiency Projects In India

Leuven (Belgium) – September 27,2013 - At next week’s EuropeanPhotovoltaic Solar Energy Conferenceand Exhibition (EUPVSEC, Paris), theBelgiannanoelectronicsresearchcenterimec,RENA,a leadingsupplier forwetchemicalproductiontools,andSoLayTec,asupplierofAl2O3depositiontools,presentthin(160µm),largearea(156x156mm2)industrialPERC-type silicon solar cellsachievingabestcellefficiencyof20.1%usingatomiclayerdeposition(ALD)Al2O3passivation and standard screen printed contacts.The i-PERC-typesiliconsolarcellshavebeenmanufacturedon imec’ssiliconsolarcellpre-pilotlineusingRENA’sInPilot tool for rear-side polishing andemitterremoval,andSoLayTec’sspatialALDtoolforAl2O3deposition.Thesecellsreachedabestcellconversionefficiencyof

KomaxSolarjustreceivedalargeorderfromamajorAsianmanufacturer.ThecontractincludesallmainproductsofKomaxSolarsuchasstringers,ELtestersandlaminators,andmarksthestartofalong-termstrategicpartnership.MainreasonstochooseKomaxSolarwerethetechnologicalleadershipoftheKomaxequipment,theprofessionalsalesandservicenetwork,thecontinuoushigh

TheEuropeanInvestmentBank(EIB)hassignedaEUR40million long-termloantoSREIInfrastructureFinanceLimited(SREI),withthemainpurposeoffinancinginvestmentsthatwillhelptomitigateclimatechangeinIndia.TheloanwillbesupportedbytheItalianExportCreditAgencySACES.p.A.Thistripartitecooperationwillnotonly help project financing in India butalsosupportItalianindustrybypromotingexports.BoththeEUandIndianeconomieswilleventuallybenefitfromthisarrangement.This is thefirst instalmentofaEUR80millionloan.

Theloanisforprojects intherenewableenergyandenergyefficiencysectorscarried

20.1%andopencircuitvoltagesupto655mV.WhenapplyingCu-platedcontactsatthefront insteadofsilverscreenprintedcontacts,atopefficiencyof20.6%wasreached.“Routinely achieving averageconversionefficienciesaround20%,imec’sindustrialPERCpre-pilotlineenablesthedevelopment and validation of novel solar cell processes and concepts, and serves as an excellent platform for system suppliers tobenchmarktheirnewtools,”statesDr.JoachimJohn,PhotovoltaicR&Dprojectsresponsibleat imec.“This supports theacceleration of process implementation in nextgenerationhigh-throughputsolarcellmanufacturing.”RogerGortzen,Managermarketing and sales and co-founder ofSoLayTec:“Achievingafactor3lessTMAprecursorusagewithouteffectingthecellefficiencyonimec’ssiliconPVprocessing

facilitiesprovesthatournovelALDAl2O3passivationprocess,aimingatlowercostofownership(<2€ct/layer)withouteffectingthecellefficiency,isreadytobeimplementedin an industrial environment.” FranckDelahaye,ProductmanagersolaratRENA:“Collaboratingatimecwithpartnersacrossthevaluechainenablesustobenchmarkourtoolsonthehighestperformancelevels.Thisway,wecanverifytheimpactofoursingletoolsontheoverallcellperformanceandmakesuretooffersolutionswithastrongpositive leverageonthecostsperwatt.Further, thisdeepensourunderstandingoftherespectiveinteractionbetweentheprocessstepsandstrengthensourabilitytosupport and lead overall process integration atourcustomer’sfacilities.”

investments in product developments and

thetrustworthinessasareliablestrategic

partner.

RecentlytheKomaxGroupannouncedto

startaprocesstosellitsbusinessunitKomax

Solar.However,thisneworderemphasizes

thatbusinesscontinuesasusual,andthe

leadingmarketpositionofKomaxSolar

is further strengthened. Komax Solarcontinueswithunchangedhighpacetoinvestintechnology,productsandprocesses.TheKomaxGroupcanfurtherguarantee,thatthemachinessoldandinstalledbyKomaxSolarwillreceiveprofessionalsupportsuchasserviceandsparepartsalsointhelongterm.

outmostlybyprivatesectorcompanies.Itwilltargetelectricityandheatgenerationschemes,notablywindpower,photovoltaic

energy, hydropower and high-efficiencycogeneration.The investmentswillhelptomeetIndia’srapidlygrowingdemandfor electricity by using environmentallysustainable resources. They will alsogenerateeconomicbenefitsfortheregionbydevelopingdomesticenergyresources,improvingenergyefficiencyandreducingairborne pollution and greenhouse gasemissions.

SREI will on-lend the funds to finalbeneficiariesand identifyandpre-selecttheprojects.TheEIBwill thenperform

duediligencetoensurethatallprojectsareeconomically andfinancially viable,technicallyappropriateandincompliancewiththeBank’senvironmentalandsocialrequirementsanditsGuidetoProcurement.ThisloanisbeingprovidedundertheEUR4.5billionEnergySustainabilityandSecurityofSupplyFacility(ESF).SincethestartofitslendingactivitiesinAsiatheEuropeanInvestmentBankhasprovidedmorethanEUR4.9billionfor long-terminvestmentprojects, includingEUR2.2billionintheenergysector.

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NEPC Installs 20 KWP Off-Grid Solar Power System In St. Ignatius College Of Education In Tirunelveli

Duetothepowershortagesandescalatingelectricity bills, St. Ignatius College ofEducationdecidedtoinstallaSolarPowerSystemintheCollege.

NEPCINDIALTDagreedtoinstallaSolarPowerSystemtoprovidepowertothebuildingtotakecareofthepowerrequirementoftheCollege.NEPCINDIALTDpreparedtheDetailedProjectProposal.

TheSolarPowerSysteminstalledinthebuildingshalldeliverfarreachingbenefitstotheInstitution intermsofrelieffrompower cuts, savings in power bills andcontributiontoenvironmentalsustainability,therebymaintainingtheCollege’simageasanexemplaryinstitution.

SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS

BENEFITS OF THE SYSTEM

NoPowerCuts:TheCollegeBuildingshallhavepowerforlights,fansandcomputers,evenwhenthereisapowercut.

NonPolluting:ThealternativetoprovidingpowerduringpowercutswouldhavebeenaDieselGeneratorwhichispollutingandexpensivetomaintain.

Scalable:TheSystemisscalableforfuturegrowth,as it includes thehighest ratedinverter(25KVA)tosupporttheentirebuilding load and further expansion ispossibleinpanels/battery.

GreenPower:ReducestheCollege’scarbonfoot-print and projects its image as anexemplaryandresponsibleinstitution.

TheSolarFuture:SolarEnergy isgoingtoplayalargerroleinthenation’senergymix.TherecentlyannouncedTamilNaduSolarEnergyPolicymandates6%ofenergyconsumptiontobesourcedfromSolarformost institutions by 2014. St. IgnatiusCollegeofEducationwouldleadtheway.

Sl.No. Components Capacity

1. PVModule SolarModule24V,250Wp(PolyCrystalline)-80No.’s

2. PowerConditioningUnit SolarPCU(25KVA)

InbuiltMPPTSolarCharge

Controller

3. BatteryBank SolarBattery(C10Rating-Exide)

Solar To Add More Megawatts Than Wind In 2013, For First Time

Bloomberg New Energy Financepredictsthat33.8GWofnewonshorewindfarms,plus1.7GWofoffshorewind,willbeaddedgloballyin2013.Thiscompareswithitsmedianforecastof36.7GWofnewphotovoltaic,orPV,capacity.Thisyear issettobethefirst inwhichPVhasaddedmoremegawattsthanwind.In2012,wind–onshoreandoffshore–added46.6GW,whilePVadded30.5GW,recordfiguresinbothcases.Butin2013,aslowdownintheworld’stwolargestwindmarkets,ChinaandtheUS,isopeningthewayfortherapidlygrowingPVmarkettoovertakewind.“ThedramaticcostreductionsinPV,combinedwithnewincentiveregimesinJapanandChina,aremakingpossiblefurther,stronggrowthinvolumes,”saidJennyChase,headofsolaranalysisatBloombergNewEnergyFinance.“Europeisadecliningmarket,becausemanycountriestherearerapidlymovingawayfrom

incentives,butitwillcontinuetoseenewPVcapacityadded.”

JustinWu,headofwindanalysisatBloombergNewEnergyFinance,said:“Weforecastthatwindinstallationswillshrinkbynearly25%in2013,totheirlowestlevelsince2008,reflectingslowdownsintheUSandChinacausedbypolicyuncertainty.However,fallingtechnologycosts,newmarketsandthegrowthof theoffshore industrywillensurewindremainsaleadingrenewableenergytechnology.”Despitethechangeinrankingsfor2013,thematuringsectorsofonshorewindandPVwillcontributealmostequallytotheworld’snewelectricitycapacityadditionsbetweennowand2030,accordingto Bloomberg New Energy Finance. Itforecaststhatwind(onandoffshore)willexpandfrom5%oftheworld’stotalinstalledpowergenerationcapacityin2012,to17%in2030.PV,fromalowerbaseof2%in

2012,willgrowto16%by2030.

Furthermore,afteryearsofoversupplyand consolidation, technology suppliersinbothsectorsmayseeamoveback toprofit in2013.MichaelLiebreich, chiefexecutiveofBloombergNewEnergyFinance,commented:“Costcutsandarefocusingonprofitablemarketsandbusinesssegmentshavebolsteredthefinancialperformanceofwindturbinemakersandthesurvivingsolarmanufacturers.Stockmarketinvestorshavebeennoticingthischange,andcleanenergyshareshavereboundedby66%sincetheirlowsofJuly2012.”Furtherdetailsondemandandsupplyinrenewableenergy’stwolargestsectorscanbefoundinthethird-quarter2013WindandPVMarketOutlooks,publishedthismonthforclientsofBloombergNewEnergyFinance’sInsightService.ASolarThermalElectricityGenerationMarketOutlookwillbepublishedinOctober.

IT TAKES MORE THAN ONE INVERTERTO POWER INDIA.

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Producing Solar Energy While Saving DieselNEPC Installs 25 KWP Grid Tied Solar Power System For Mahidhara Chemicals (P) Ltd In VizagChallenge: Delivering Power while Saving Diesel

Highlights:

• SignificantSavingsinPowerbillsandrelieffrompowercuts.

• SignificantamountofdieselconsumptionandCarbon-dioxideemissionseffect.

SolarEnergyiswithoutdoubtgoingtobethemaincomponentoftheenergymixforthefutureandthatfutureisnomoreafarawayfuture.TheSolarrevolutionhasalreadybegunworldwideandIndiadoesnotwanttobeleftbehind.

SolarenergymajorNEPCIndiaLimitedhascompletedabigSolarInstallationatM/sMahidharaChemicals(P)LtdinVizag.

The25KWNEPCRoofMountAluminium-rust freeSolarunituseshigh-efficiencypolycrystallinemodules(250Wp),Highefficiency In builtMPPTSolar ChargeControllerandSolarGrid-tiedInverterthatpreservethestructuralstrengthoftheroofwhileprotectingthesolarsetupagainststrongwinds.

Background:

• Duetothepowershortages,escalatingelectricitybillsanddieselcost,M/sMahidharaChemicals(P)LtddecidedtoinstallaSolarPowerSystemintheirCompany.

• NEPCINDIALTDagreedtoinstallaSolarPowerSystemtoprovidepowertotheCompanytotakecareofthepowerrequirementoftheCompany.NEPCINDIA LTD prepared the DetailedProjectProposal.

• NEPCINDIALTDreceivedOrderforcomplete installation and function of 25KWSolarSystem in themonthofNovember2012andsuccessfullycompletedtheentireinstallationtherebydeliveringafullysatisfactoryservice.

• TheSolarPowerSysteminstalledintheCompanywoulddeliverfarreachingbenefitstotheCompanyintermsofrelieffrompowercuts,savingsinpowerbillsandcontributiontoenvironmentalsustainability,therebymaintainingthe

Company’simageasanGreenEnergyInitiator.

BlockdiagramoftheSolarOn-GridSystem:SolarPowergeneratedonsiteoffsetsDieselandGridConsumption

TECHNICAL & FINANCIAL DETAILS OF THE INSTALLATION

• High Efficiency Poly CrystallinePhotovoltaicModules(20No.’s)withawarrantyof25years.

• SolarPCU:HighefficiencyInbuiltMPPTSolarChargeControllerandSolarGrid-tiedInverter

• Efficient use of roof top space-maintainingtheroofaestheticswhileleavingenoughspacetowalkaroundtocleanthepanelsandreacheverysinglepanelwithoutdifficulty.

• HighlyresistiveRoof-TopStructurekeeping the load on the Roof-Topminimal.

Some pictures from the Installation:

Impact:SavingRoofSpaceandDieselandcontributingtotheGreeninitiativeforacleanerEarth

MAJORENVIRONMENTAL&ECONOMICBENEFITS TO THE CUSTOMERINCLUDE:

Generation:TheSolarPlantwillgenerate7,50,000KwHin20years.

DieselSavings:TheaggregateDieselsavingswillbe15,000Litresperyear.

Carbon-dioxideoff-set:Equivalenttooff-setting23.35TonnesofCarbondioxideinayear.

Land Savings: Land Savings due toutilizationofunusedroofspace&reductionintransmissionlosses.

NoPowerCuts:TheCompanyshallhavepowerforlights,fansandcomputers,evenwhenthereisapowercut.

NonPolluting:ThealternativetoprovidingpowerduringpowercutswouldhavebeenaDieselGeneratorwhichispollutingandexpensivetomaintain.

Scalable:TheSystemisscalableforfuturegrowth,as it includes thehighest ratedinverter (20 kw) to support the entirebuilding load and further expansion ispossibleinpanels/battery.

Green Power: Reduces the Company’scarbonfoot-printandprojectsitsimageasanexemplaryandresponsibleorganisation.

TheSolarFuture:SolarEnergy isgoingtoplayalargerroleinthenation’senergymix.TherecentlyannouncedTamilNaduSolarEnergyPolicymandates6%ofenergyconsumptiontobesourcedfromSolarformostinstitutionsby2014.M/sMahidharaChemicals(P)LtdinVizagwouldleadtheway.


EQ INTERNATIONAL - October 2013www.EQMagLive.com 21

Vikram Solar commissions 5 MW power plant in Tamil Nadu in record time

Vikram Solar, a leading global manufacturer of Solar Photovoltaic Modules with a 150MW module manufacturing capacity and EPC contractor, has commissioned a 5MW Solar Photovoltaic power plant at Virudunagar District, Tamil Nadu for JVS Exports under the REC (renewable energy certificate) mechanism on turnkey basis. The entire power plant was constructed within a remarkably short time -frame of 75 days.

Mr. Gyanesh Chaudhary,Managing Director, Vikram Solar commented, “This project has painted an authentic picture of Vikram Solar’s capability in executing megawatt-scale solar power projects and at the same time ensuring quality at every step of execution resulting in substantial tax benefits and end-user savings, while considerably lowering carbon footprint.”

Vikram Solar began construction of the power plant under a strict deadline on 18th July 2013. The 5MW solar photovoltaic power plant is JVS Export’s first foray into the field of solar energy as an independent power producer (IPP). The project will generate approximately 8.0 million units per annum of electricity that will be sold to the State Utility at APPC (average power purchase cost) price and simultaneously the renewable energy certificate will be generated which will later be sold at the REC power exchange. One REC is obtained for each megawatt hour (MWh) of electricity injected to the grid.

“We have tried to set up the plant using the best-in-the-industry technology which includes advanced SCADA system, a latest cost effective earthing system, and other safety features making it safe and effective,” commented Mr. Miguel Angel Hernaez Garcia, COO.

The installation and commissioning scope of the grid connect solar power plant envisages:

• Design,engineeringandconstructionof the entire 5 MW solar photovoltaic power plant

• Pre-commissioningandcommissioningof the entire plant and equipments

• Testrunofgridconnectsolarpowerplant as well as load trials at site

• Operationandmaintenanceofpowerplant for 12 months

A highly satisfied customer, Mr. M Britto, Managing Director of JVS Export commented: “Vikram Solar has done a great job by completing the project within 100 days which involved meticulous planning,

understanding of subject and requirements at the site level.”

With a 77 year history of weaving experience, JVS Export is highly regarded in the textile industry as a world-class producer of home textiles. JVS is a leader in southern India with regard to promoting care for the environment. The company already owns and operates several windmills which provide energy to the local electric cooperative with the result that their factories run entirely on sustainable wind energy. The Virudunagar solar plant is the latest example of the company’s commitment towards sustainable environment.

Mr. Sunil Rathi, President Sales & Marketing, Vikram Solar, commented: “We have brought our experience in typical and complex installations to design, engineer, procure and construct the Virudanagar solar plant in record time.The short span of construction improves the return on investment for the project developer by reducing the interest on capital during construction phase (IDC).”

Vikram Solar has already installed one of the largest solar power plants in India which is a 40 MW solar power plant at a single location Bap in Rajasthan. The company is fully geared to service the rapidly emerging solar market in Tamil Nadu/ South India with a full-fledged sales, design and service centre in Chennai to support its customers in the region.

Schneider Electric Inverters Are A Significant Part In The Solar Power Conversion Chain For Generating Highest Cuf% In IndiaThe Schneider Electric Solar Business, a

global leader in solutions for the solar power

conversion chain, is proud to announce that

their Conext Core XC inverters are used in

solar power plants which have consistently

generated the highest CUF% in India.

This is corroborated by the performance

data released by India’s Ministry of New

and Renewable Energy (MNRE) for solar

photovoltaic (PV) plants in the nation for

May and June 2013.

In the month of May, five out of the top 12 power plants in India with the highest CUF% were using Schneider Electric Conext Core XC inverters, while in June it increased to seven out of the top 15 power plants that were using Schneider Electric products.

The Conext Core XC Series is new to the Indian solar market, but within a very short span of time after plant commissioning the Conext Core XC inverters are enabling a high ROI to developers and EPCs who

trusted Schneider Electric’s design and manufacturing capabilities.

“We are very satisfied with the performance of our plant and we understand the very critical role played by Schneider Electric’s inverters towards this performance” says GaganVermani, Executive Director & Chief Executive Officer of Sunborne Energy Technologies “and we know that Schneider Electric will continue to provide value to the solar industry with continuous innovation.”



Setting Up Of 750 MW Of Grid Connected Solar PV Power Projects Under Batch-1 Of Phase-II Of Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission With Viability Gap Funding Support From National Clean Energy Fund

The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs has approved the implementation of a scheme for setting up of 750 MW of Grid-connected Solar PV Power Projects under Batch-1 of Phase-11 (2013-17) of the Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM) with Viability Gap Funding (VGF) support from the National Clean Energy Fund (NCEF).

The total VGF requirement for implementation of the scheme is estimated as Rs. 1,875 crore at the rate of Rs.2.5 crore/ MW The actual requirement will, however, depend on the bid prices. This VGF support is estimated to leverage private investment to the tune of Rs. 5000 crore in setting up of the projects.The VGF scheme will facilitate setting up of the 750 MW grid connected solar power projects, in mainly

the private sector on Build, Own and Operate (BOO) basis at various locations, which will help supplement grid power generation in the country. These projects will also lead to an associated development of their surrounding areas with positive impact on the socio-economic conditions of the local population.

The scheme will be implemented through the Solar Energy Corporation of India (SECI, a Section 25 company set up by the Ministry) in close association with NTPC Vidyut Vyapar Nigam Limited (NVVN). The power generated shall be purchased by SECI at a fixed levelised tariff of Rs.5.45 per kWh for 25 years and sold to willing State Utilities/ Discoms at a fixed tariff of Rs.5.50 per unit for 25 years.The selection of projects would be done through a process

of open competitive bidding for their VGF requirement in order to enable them to supply the solar power to SECI at the fixed tariff of Rs.5.45 per kWh for 25 years.

Background:

The JNNSM was launched by the Government in January 2010. The main objective of this Mission is to create a policy and regulatory environment for large scale diffusion of solar energy technologies across the country as quickly as possible. It has laid down, a long-term goal of adding 20,000 MW of grid-connected solar power by 2022, to be achieved in three phases (Phase-l up to 2012-13, Phase-ll from 2013 to 2017 and Phase-Ill from 2017 to 2022).

Bhel Bags Rs 96 Crore Worth Order From NTPC

State-owned BHEL recently said its electronics division here has bagged an order worth Rs 96 crore from NTPC to set up a 15 MW-solar power plant in Uttar Pradesh.

The engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) order is for design, manufacture, testing, erection and commissioning of the 15 MW grid-Interactive

solar power plant at Singrauli in Uttar Pradesh,the company said in a statement. BHEL will execute the project covering all works from concept to commissioning and will operate and maintain the project for one year, it added.

The solar plant will come up near the 2000 MW thermal power plant of NTPC

at Singrauli. On completion,it is expected to supply over 23 million units of solar power every year to the Uttar Pradesh State grid.

The company said BHEL-electronics division is also executing two more solar power plants of 10MW each for NTPC at Unchahar in Uttar Pradesh and Talcher in Orissa.

JinkoSolar Closes Follow-on Public Offering of 4,370,000 American Depositary Shares

SHANGHAI, Sept. 25, 2013 /PRNewswire-FirstCall/ -- JinkoSolar Holding Co., Ltd. (“JinkoSolar” or the “Company”) (NYSE: JKS), a global leader in the solar PV industry, today announced the closing of its follow-on public offering of 4,370,000 American depositary shares, or ADSs, each representing four ordinary shares at par value US$0.00002 per share, including 570,000 ADSs sold pursuant to the underwriters’ exercise of in full of their option to purchase additional ADSs. The Company received aggregate net proceeds of approximately $67.8 million, after deducting discounts and commissions but before offering expenses.

Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC, J.P.

Morgan Securities LLC and Jefferies LLC are joint bookrunners for the offering.

The offering is being made pursuant to the Company’s “shelf” registration statement on Form F-3/A filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 14, 2013, which became effective on August 15, 2013. This press release does not constitute an offer to sell, or the solicitation of an offer to buy, securities and does not constitute an offer, solicitation or sale in any jurisdiction in which such offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful. The Company’s registration statement on Form F-3/A and preliminary prospectus supplement are available from the

SEC website at: http://www.sec.gov.

Copies of the final prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus may be obtained by contacting Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC, Attention: Prospectus Department at Eleven Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10010-3629 or by telephone at (800) 221-1037, from J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, Attention: Broadridge Financial Solutions at 1155 Long Island Avenue, Edgewood, New York, New York 11717 or by telephone at (866) 803-9204, or from Jefferies LLC at 520 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10022 or by telephone at (877) 547-6340.



Renesola Ltd Closes $70 Million Offering

ReneSola Ltd recently announced that it has closed its previously announced $70 million securities offering. The net proceeds received by the Company are intended to be used for polysilicon production optimization and as working capital for general corporate purposes.Mr. Xianshou Li, ReneSola’s chief executive officer, commented, “With the global solar market continuing to expand, the proceeds from this offering will provide ReneSola with important working capital as we continue to grow our worldwide business. The proceeds will also be used for the

optimization of ReneSola’spolysilicon plant, which will help us strengthen our supply source and control our raw material cost, thus putting us in a more advantageous position overall as we follow through on our longer-term business development strategy.”

The securities were offered by ReneSola pursuant to a shelf registration statement previously filed with and subsequently declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). A final prospectus supplement relating to the offering

was filed with the SEC and is available on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.This press release shall not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy any of the securities described herein, nor shall there be any sale of these securities in any state or jurisdiction in which such offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful prior to registration or qualification under the securities laws of any such state or jurisdiction.

Armstrong Fund Raises $130 Million At Third ClosingIFC Catalyst Fund, FMO, and SIFEM,

have signed agreements to commit to the Armstrong South East Asia Clean Energy Fund (‘Armstrong Fund’). The third closing brings the fund size to $130 million. The Armstrong Fund is a private equity fund that invests in small-scale renewable energy and resource efficiency projects in Southeast Asia. IFC Catalyst Fund is a fund of funds investment program focused on funds investing in innovative ways to address climate change in emerging markets. The IFC Catalyst Fund is managed by IFC Asset Management Company LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the International Finance Corporation (IFC). IFC is a member of the World Bank Group and the largest multilateral organization focused on private sector development in across emerging markets.

In addition to the IFC Catalyst Fund commitment of $20 million, earlier in May this year, IFC approved a commitment in the Armstrong Fund of US$20 million, which was the first investment by IFC in a private equity fund dedicated to clean energy in Southeast Asia.“We are excited to partner with the Armstrong Fund,” said Reyaz Ahmad, the Head of the IFC Catalyst Fund. “The capital, expertise, and innovation they will bring to clean energy in Southeast Asia exemplifies the role private equity can play in helping to address climate change while generating financial returns.”FMO, also known as the Netherlands Development Finance Company, is investing for the first time in the Armstrong Fund. “FMO is proud to

invest in the Armstrong Clean Energy Fund. The fund will invest in small-scale renewable assets in South East Asia which will change the energy matrix into a cleaner and more sustainable one. We are pleased to work with investors who are committed to clean energy and energy and resource efficiency,” said JurgenRigterink, CIO of FMO.

Another investor in time for the Armstrong Fund third closing is Obviam, on behalf of the Swiss Investment Fund for Emerging Markets (SIFEM). The independent investment advisor specialises in long-term investments in emerging and frontier markets, on behalf of public, institutional, and private clients, including SIFEM, the Development Finance Institution (DFI) of the Swiss Confederation.“Obviam is looking forward to a long term partnership with Armstrong, who offers a unique blend of in-depth Renewable Energy and South East Asia investment experience. We expect the Fund to a play an important role in fostering the application of Clean and Renewable energies in the region, working towards minimizing fossil fuel based dependence,” said Claude Barras, CEO of Obviam.

“The Armstrong team will work with our investee companies to adopt best practices that adhere to IFC’s environmental and social performance standards, in addition to delivering the projected financial returns. As part of our obligations to all investors, we will also be reporting on the underlying environment impact, including clean energy

generated, and other developmental impact, such as support for local small and medium enterprises,” said Andrew Affleck, managing partner, Armstrong Asset Management.The Armstrong Fund has a unique focus of providing development capital to smaller-scale renewable energy and resource efficiency projects in Southeast Asia’s emerging markets. On 16 August, the Armstrong Fund announced its commitment of up to $30 million to finance an initial pipeline of solar photovoltaic (PV) and biogas power projects, developed by Annex Power, in Thailand, the Philippines and Indonesia. In May, the Fund announced its first investment in the development and construction of a 30 MW portfolio of solar projects in Thailand, alongside Hong Kong-based energy company, Symbior Energy.

Prior to IFC’s commitment in May 2013, earlier commitments at the initial close of the Armstrong Fund in August 2012, totaling US$65 million, had come from two European development finance institutions GEEREF and DEG; and an Asian-based corporation. The 10-year Armstrong Fund expects to make a total of between 10 to 15 investments, each ranging from US$5 million to US$12 million. Projects of a typical size would generate up to 10 MW from renewable energy resources of solar, hydro, wind or biogas.



SMA Solar Technology Ag Completes Necessary Corporate Downsizing Without Involuntary Layoffs

SMA Solar Technology AG (SMA) will be able to carry out its planned downsizing on a voluntary and socially responsible basis. In response to changing conditions in the global photovoltaic market and the associated sharp decline in sales, the company had announced plans to gradually cut 680 full-time positions in Germany by December 31, 2014.

“For the first time in many years, the global photovoltaic market measured in euros will decline in 2013. We are expecting a sustained period of consolidation. As global market leader, SMA will be especially affected by this. An adjustment of personnel structures is therefore unavoidable,” explained SMA Chief Executive Officer Pierre-Pascal Urbon.

By the end of 2014, the company plans to cut its full-time positions in Germany by 680 in relation to the cutoff date of March 31, 2013. This corresponds to around 800 employees, as the layoffs will affect both full-time positions and part-time jobs. By the end of 2014, the workforce capacity at locations in Germany will total about 3 000 full-time positions.

The SMA Managing Board constructively cooperated with the Works Council to develop a voluntary program that would make the adjustment to the personnel structures as socially responsible as possible. In addition to measures implemented prior to August 1, 2013 and expiring temporary contracts,

more than 400 SMA employees had decided by September 13, 2013 to participate in the voluntary program. Therefore, SMA will achieve the necessary targeted reductions and will be able to avoid involuntary layoffs. ”Although we are saddened to have to part with our employees, the result is a good one for SMA. We have achieved the targeted reductions and have been able to exclude involuntary layoffs. We would like to thank the employees who have made use of the voluntary program and are leaving SMA for their dedication and the good work they have performed,” said Chief Financial and Human Resources Officer Lydia Sommer.

World Record Solar Cell With 44.7% Efficiency

The Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Soitec, CEA-Leti and the Helmholtz Center Berlin jointly announced Recently having achieved a new world record for the conversion of sunlight into electricity using a new solar cell structure with four solar subcells. Surpassing competition after only over three years of research, and entering the roadmap at world class level, a new record efficiency of 44.7% was measured at a concentration of 297 suns. This indicates that 44.7% of the solar spectrum’s energy, from ultraviolet through to the infrared, is converted into electrical energy. This is a major step towards reducing further the costs of solar electricity and continues to pave the way to the 50% efficiency roadmap.

Back in May 2013, the German-French team of Fraunhofer ISE, Soitec, CEA-Leti and the Helmholtz Center Berlin had already announced a solar cell with 43.6% efficiency. Building on this result, further intensive research work and optimization steps led to the present efficiency of 44.7%.These solar cells are used in concentrator photovoltaics (CPV), a technology which achieves more than twice the efficiency of conventional PV power plants in sun-rich locations. The terrestrial use of so-called III-V multi-

junction solar cells, which originally came from space technology, has prevailed to realize highest efficiencies for the conversion of sunlight to electricity. In this multi-junction solar cell, several cells made out of different III-V semiconductor materials are stacked on top of each other. The single subcells absorb different wavelength ranges of the solar spectrum.

“We are incredibly proud of our team which has been working now for three years on this four-junction solar cell,” says Frank Dimroth, Department Head and Project Leader in charge of this development work at Fraunhofer ISE. “This four-junction solar cell contains our collected expertise in this area over many years. Besides improved materials and optimization of the structure, a new procedure called wafer bonding plays a central role. With this technology, we are able to connect two semiconductor crystals, which otherwise cannot be grown on top of each other with high crystal quality. In this way we can produce the optimal semiconductor combination to create the highest efficiency solar cells.”

“This world record increasing our efficiency level by more than 1 point in less

than 4 months demonstrates the extreme potential of our four-junction solar cell design which relies on Soitec bonding techniques and expertise,” says André-Jacques Auberton-Hervé, Soitec’s Chairman and CEO. “It confirms the acceleration of the roadmap towards higher efficiencies which represents a key contributor to competitiveness of our own CPV systems. We are very proud of this achievement, a demonstration of a very successful collaboration.”“This new record value reinforces the credibility of the direct semiconductor bonding approaches that is developed in the frame of our collaboration with Soitec and Fraunhofer ISE. We are very proud of this new result, confirming the broad path that exists in solar technologies for advanced III-V semiconductor processing,” said Leti CEO Laurent Malier.Concentrator modules are produced by Soitec (started in 2005 under the name Concentrix Solar, a spin-off of Fraunhofer ISE). This particularly efficient technology is employed in solar power plants located in sun-rich regions with a high percentage of direct radiation. Presently Soitec has CPV installations in 18 different countries including Italy, France, South Africa and California.



IBM And Tata Power Delhi Distribution Collaborate To Accelerate Smart Grid Deployment In India

IBM recently announced that it has been selected by Tata Power Delhi Distribution to conceptualize, design and deliver an Advanced Smart Grid solution that will collect and analyze real-time information from smart meters and data from the communication and management infrastructure. This will enable Tata Power Delhi Distribution to better manage energy output and further reduce outages.As a joint venture between Tata Power and the Delhi Government, Tata Power Delhi Distribution sought a solution that would enhance the reliability and efficiency of energy distribution across the Northern and North western part of Delhi. Additionally, the solution would also help empower its over 1.3 million electric consumers to manage their own energy usage.

“TPDDL is committed to accelerate the smart grid deployment which will give customers more visibility and control in managing their energy usage and transform the electric network into a robust, secure and intelligent system. This is an important milestone for the energy distribution in India as we intensify our efforts to empower consumers and provide them choices of usage of their electrical appliances and manage their load efficiently.” said Praveer Sinha, Chief Executive Officer and Executive Director, Tata Power Delhi Distribution.

In India, aggregated technical and commercial losses that occur due to electricity transmission and energy theft

are estimated at about 26.4 per cent on a national average. The Government of India has launched the Restructured-Accelerated Power Development and Reforms Program (R-APDRP) with the aim to reduce these losses in the country and to improve the power distribution sector of state utilities, during 11th Five-Year Plan period, 2007-2012. The Five-Year Plans are centralized and integrated national economic programs.

As a part of its smart grid initiative, Tata Power Delhi Distribution will collaborate with IBM to develop an advanced metering infrastructure and demand response pilot program that will automate and regulate supply of electricity to consumers in sync with the fluctuating demand.This project will help add a layer of digital intelligence to the grid and ensure reliability when the demand rises exponentially and the supply falls due to heavy consumption. In addition, this will provide customer service improvements including new digital meters, enhanced self-service options and access to a customer portal to manage energy use.

“In the near future, utilities will look to integrate insights into their traditional grid operation solutions and also into customer, energy management and environmental domains,” said Rahul Sharma, Executive Director and Partner, Global Business Services, IBM India & South Asia. “The advanced meter management solution builds real-time intelligence into the system,

integrating information into business and operations systems quickly and easily.”

IBM will support Tata Power Delhi Distribution to create system architecture, ensure adherence to international smart grid standards, optimize business process and incorporate dynamic business analytics function to offer actionable insights. In addition, Tata Power Delhi Distribution will leverage IBM expertise to integrate new advanced metering, meter data management, and demand response systems with existing applications including customer and geographic information systems.

An Advanced Infrastructure based demand response is a complex exercise and has not been done in India before, and this engagement is the first step in creating an end-to-end intelligent utility system to manage generation short fall by peak shaving of actual load. Peak shaving is a technique that is used to reduce electrical power consumption during periods of maximum demand on the power utility and enable consumer to redistribute loads to different period of the day, thus saving substantial amounts of money due to peaking charges.

When complete, the multi-phased engagement is expected to enhance the relationship between Tata Power Delhi Distribution and it’s consumers thereby enabling more efficient consumption of electricity.

Waaree Energies Bags A Turnkey Order Of A 25 Mw Power Plant From Roha Group In Rajasthan

One of India’s leading innovative solar solution companies, Waaree Energies Ltd has successfully acquired a turnkey order of a 25 MW Power Plant from the Roha group which includes the Designing of the plant, its technical and Engineering ground work, Installation process and Commissioning of the project.

The Roha group is one of the world’s renowned manufacturing companies for

Synthetic Colours and is also a prominent supplier of Natural Colours, specializing in the Food, Cosmetics & Pharmaceutical industries for the past thirty years.

This plant will be set up at the solar park in the state of Rajasthan and is targeted to be commissioned by December 2013.

Mr. Hitesh Doshi, CMD, Waaree group commented, “The fact that we are expanding

our services in one of the biggest states of India is a huge achievement for the entire Waaree group. We are delighted and excited to work on this crucial Roha group project. With our existing expertise in the solar industry, we are geared to use innovative technology and manpower to execute the project on time and deliver the best to our customers.”


This paper presents the design challenges of silicon crystalline photovoltaic modules and the relation

of reliability withfailure rate observed during the qualification testing of the modules. The manufacturing process of PV module includes several numbers of stages. Each stage has own impact on the performance of the modules in due course oftime. Starting from inspection and grouping of cells to finishing each stage is very important to be carried out properly. As far as the performance of PV modules are considered one cannot ignore the whole process of manufacturing and selection of critical components. In this paper we will be able to list down some major and important stage of PV module manufacturing process and component selection which will help us in making the PV modules more reliable to the whole PV community. The performance of the module is directly related to the quality of the critical components used during manufacturing as well as the process itself.

2. INTRODUCTION

The PV module manufacturing process has the below listed stages:

1. Inspection and grouping of cells: Here the cells are received from the cell production area and inspected for visual defects. Then depending on the size, the quality or the range of the cells, the grouping is carried out. Some machine manufacturers recommend 100% hot spot detection at cell stage using thermo graphic or electroluminescence test set up. If cell supplier does not check 100% cells for hotspot then the module supplier can do so.

Challenges For Component Selection & Manufacturing Processof Si Crystalline Photovoltaic Modules In India

Moumita Debnath,S. K. Shil, Raymond An, Srimathy. N, Sriparn SaurabhUnderwriters Laboratories India Pvt. Ltd.

Thus avoiding hot spot failure of finished modules.

2. Tabbing and stringing: In this process,the coated copper ribbons are soldered with the bus bars of the cells and tabbed solar cells are then interconnected in series or series/parallel configuration to deliver the specific voltage and current in the module.

3. Lay up: The string, which is fit for layup is placed between two layer of EVA(Ethylene Vinyl Acetate) followed by the backsheet or substrate, a high transmissive glass is used as superstrate.

4. Lamination: the laid up strings are laminated in an automatic laminating machine with a specified time temperature and pressure cycle. This is actually the curing process for EVA just to ensure the durability of the laminate.

5. Channeling and junction box fixing: The junction box is fixed at the backside of the substrate with the help of sealant. We make sure that the sealant gets enough time for curing in order to provide a proper adhesion and edge sealing. Then the bus bars are connected to the terminal of the junction box.

6. Finishing includes the cleaning and quality checks of the modules.

In all these stages we use many components like cells, substrate, EVA, superstrate, frame, junction box, cable connectors etc. All these play a very big role in improving the performance of the PV modules. All these components should have the minimum requirement of electrical,

mechanical as well as physical properties wherever applicable. The raw material selection is a challenging job which needs more attention of ours and needs engineering analytical skills.

3. DESIGN CHALLENGES AND THE RAW MATERIAL SELECTION

3(A) Challenges faced during manufacturing process

Lamination—Lamination is the first and most important process which needs more and more care during processing. Selection of proper laminator can reduce the defects resulting during the production. There are two types of Laminators. One type of laminator uses the oil circulation method and the other uses the air circulation method. The oil or any hydraulically circulated laminators or rotary oil pumps produce fumes in the work area which in turn can produce the small bubbles during the process, which may not be visible by naked eye but once the modules get exposed to high humidity and temperature cycles the bubbles try to come out as vapor creating a bigger size of bubbles and delamination. This issue can be easily resolved by using the electrical heaters and dry screw line vacuum pumps in laminators which significantly give lesser chances of getting the bubbles and delamination. These are cleaner and faster.

A. The improper lamination results in delamination. There are few a point for which delamination occurs.

B. The proper EVA handling. We should not use expired EVA and the EVA should be kept in an air conditioned room

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maintaining the temperature of 25Deg C. One roll of EVA should be used for the entire lot of production in a day. Repetitive use of EVA from same roll is incorrect. During the lamination the EVA should be crosslink properly till 85%. Most if the times it happens only till 75%. At the higher temperature EVA molecules get cross linked which results in more adhesion and improved strength.

C. Select best grade of EVA and higher temperature cycle from a supplier.

D. Overheating of laminator beyond the specified temperature. There should be uniform temperature throughout the laminator which is possible on air circulated laminator.

E. The poor quality of adhesive or glue and the improper application can also cause delamination.

F. The dirty glass including the dust, grease or traces of water results in delamination. Traces of moisture or chemical on solar cell or substrate surface can give poor quality of lamination.

G. The South Asian and African countries have negligible or no facility for the production of laminating material.These material have necessarily to be imported, thus there is a considerable time gap between the date of production of laminating material and use for the module manufacture.In addition,during transit these material may get exposed to the hostile environmental conditions of heat and humidity, resulting in-to the significant loss their of shelf life.If extreme care is not followed during transit, subsequent storage and handling at the module manufacturers’ facility, the quality of these material may become doubtful. Such situation may lead to failure of the modules due todelamination of EVA from glass or interlayers of back sheets. Same is applicable forthe RTVglue or Tapes.

Cut cells/ full cells –Unlike Europe

and US, there is a fair share of market in South Asia and African countries for cut cell

modules to cater to the requirement of small stand-alone PV Systems. These include Solar Lanterns, Small Home Lighting systems and Street Lights.Another characteristic of this market is that it is dependent of Government support and thus it is not regular and predictable.Manufacturers of these small modules have to resort to cutting solar cells to desired sizes.This is generally done by laser scribing and subsequent manual cleaving.The process is prone to loss of open circuit voltage as well as development of microcracks along the line of cleavage.This cutting process if not done extremely carefully, it creates potential hazard of Hot Spot failures along the cut edges.Moreover, such cut cells may not exactly match in power even if these are cut from the same efficiency full size cells.Additionally for such small modules automatic tabber stringers are not available in the market, necessitating manual tabbing.Such manual tabbing may cause damage to the texturized surface of the cell or surface microcracks around the tab resulting in unexpected failures.

Both the factors from material side and processing side can significantly affect the efficiency of the crystalline solar cells.

A. Base Si Wafer quality

B. Passivation quality and back surface field quality

C. Surface texturing quality.

D. Anti-reflectance layer quality

E. Emitter quality

Below are some parameters affecting the cell efficiency:

Contact resistance: The quality and performance of metallization paste plays a critical role in improving the efficiency of Si solar cells. The thickness of the paste should be more in order to have less series resistance which results in increase in fill factor.

Line conductivity: the finger line resistance is also a key part of series resistance (Rs). The paste should have a higher conductivity in order to create a dense finger line which will provide a better conductivity.

Finger Aspect ratio: PV module Manufacturers should ask the finger aspect ratio while buying the cells from the cell manufacturer as the higher finger aspect ratio delivers higher current density due to reduced shading from fingers and lower

series resistance. For the screen printing cells the quality of screen is very important. This results in rough edges or screen clogs which are the reason of cell cracks.

Adhesion strength: The adhesion between silver paste and Si solar cell is very important. This improves the lifetime of cells. The soldering method, ribbon type all affects the solderability and adhesion of paste. The failure mode of Ag/Si interface is called as “cratering” defect which results from micro cracks underneath the bus bar after soldering.

Another problem faced by the manufacturers is the consequence of highly competitive market of PV Modules.Some of the lower end cells could have been manufactured using not so good silicon material.Use of such cells may show random hot spots in the module for no fault of the module manufacturer.A way to minimize such failures is to pretest the presence of hotspots using lock-in thermal camera or EL camera in the solar cells before use.

During the manufacturing process the handling of cells and the soldering method should be carried out in a very fine method without giving any external pressure which can lead to micro cracks. That is the reason the micro cracks are very common in cut cells but we also cannot ignore the cracks on full cells too. If not resolved the Micro cracks leads to degradation in due course of time.

3(B) Challenges faced during Components Selection

Cell Defects - The possible defects in the solar cell usually refer to the shunts. These shunts are localized at the edges. It can be induced or formed by material defects. These shunts may lead to a deterioration of the efficiency of solar cells by increasing the leakage current and decreasing both the open circuit voltage and the fill factor of the solar cells. By process induced shunts, there exists LINEAR EDGE SHUNT and HOLE

Picture.1.Air bubble/delamination during hotspot test as per UL 1703

Picture.2.Micrcracks on cells observed by an EL camera in UL


SHUNT. This paper reports the observation of these two types of the shunts, during the temperature test

Cell crack - Improper cell selection from cell line and improper handling of cells during module manufacturing process leads to formation of micro cracks in cells. These cracks are very difficult to be identified by naked eye but can be easily seen through a magnifying glass assembled with more than 1000 lux luminaire.

Frame— the frame used in PV modules are extruded Al frame. After the extrusion they go for the anodization or the coating method. As a PV module manufacturer we always need to make sure that the holes or any other provisions such as grounding holes and mounting holes drainage holes should be carried out well before the anodization process. Because after anodization if the drilling or any kind of mechanical action can damage the Anodization and reduce the thickness of coating which can lead to corrosion. The coating thickness for Al frame in order to give a proper corrosion resistance should be maintained in a range of minimum 18-20 micron. The use of good quality frame sealant helps in avoiding the moisture ingress in the laminate through edges and indeed decreases the percentage power degradation of module.

Then comes the cross sectional dimension of frame. For a 300W module the frame width has to be 35 to 50mm minimum in order to provide a proper mechanical support during the heavy wind and snow fall condition. Sometimes it may happen that due to over sagging the laminate comes out from the frame separately. Choosing right depth and width of cavity for glass in the aluminium frames is very important to provide proper grip between the laminate and glass.

Grounding and Bonding—Being electrically neutral, earth is considered to be at zero potential and establishes a convenient reference frame for voltage measurements. Lightning, line surges or unintentional contact with higher voltage lines can cause dangerously high voltages to the electrical distribution system wires. Grounding provides an alternative path around the electrical system and minimizes damage from suchoccurrences.

Electrochemical Potential: Bi-metallic corrosion due to two dissimilar metals. To reduce this we always need to check the below table to choose the proper material

hardware. The grounding hole should be a separate provision to be used only for grounding purpose and not for any other process.

Tin plated Steel or Tin plated Copper Grounding hardware is best suited for Coastal environments.

Junction box, Cables & Connectors— the selection of junction box, cables and connectors will depend on the maximum system voltage of modules. If the module is 1000V rated the junction box and cables should also be rated for 1000V rating also for cables it must have the 90˚C sunlight resistance in wet or dry conditions. The cables should be UV protected as they will be used outdoor and will be exposed to UV directly.

The connectors should be mechanically secured (cannot be opened easily by hand) and should have the same minimum voltage rating as the module system voltage.

Poor quality of adhesion and improper selection of glue can cause the detachment of Junction box from the substrate after environmental testing. The internal volume of the junction box is also very important as a very compact junction box may not allow inner air circulation and may allow the diode temperature to go beyond acceptable limit.

Types of Polymeric material selections — The 90% of the PV module has polymeric material. Starting from the EVA, substrate, Junction Box, cable, connector, gasket, potting material and frame or junction box sealant. While choosing these components one should know the long term and short properties of these materials. We need to consider the

Picture.3. LINEAR EDGE SHUNT -Back view of the solar panel at UL India lab.

Picture. 5.Cell Cracks Observed During HOT SPOT Testing as per UL 1703.

Picture.4.HOLE SHUNT-Back view of the solar panel at UL India lab

Picture.6. Failure during MECHANICAL LOAD test as per IEC 61215

Picture.7. Grounding & Bonding method

Picture.8. Field Failure & Bi-Metallic Corrosion Table


RTI, HAI, HWI, CTI and flame rating. The flame rating for junction box material should be 5VA which is different than the rating required for potting, sealant and other plastic material. The polymeric substrate should have a minimum RTI rating of 90˚C and rest all other material should have an RTI more than 20˚C than their maximum used temperatures.

Superstrate— Almost 99% of non BIPV modules use glass as the superstrate for the PV modules. The thickness of glass and texture of glass play a great role in improving the mechanical strength, the efficiency of module as well as the aesthetic property. The 3.2mm thickness can safely withstand the 2400Pa load sometimes it may withstand 5400pa load but again this will be a risk as it depends on the glass manufacturing process too. So a 4.0 mm thick glass is safe to be used for 5400 Pa load in larger modules.

The textured glass compared to the plain glass gives more efficiency. The angles and the contact surface on the textured glass helps in reducing the reflection of sunlight which results in more penetration of sunlight and improved efficiency. Whereas a substantial percentage of sunlight gets reflected in other non-textured glasses.

The anti-reflectance coating (ARC) of glass is also a key point in increasing the efficiency of modules. Modules without ARC shows total reflectance in the 6–9% interval whereas modules with ARC shows the lowest reflectance values, about 4% at λ=632.8 nm. So the superstrate with textured glass tops collect the inclined light slightly better with respect to the front covers with flat glass tops, and then are expected also to collect slightly better the diffuse light from the sky hemisphere. However if the module is likely to face severe dust collection and needs very frequent cleaning, ARC glass may be avoided.

The washing of glass should also be done in a proper method. After washing the glass there should not be any traces of water during lamination. The glass should be dried properly so that during lamination no bubbles can come out.

4. RELIABILITY AND FAILURE RATE

In a manner similar to the body mass index of human being is related to good health and longevity, the proper selection of components and good manufacturing process

leads to the highreliability of the PV modules. So reliability is the overall consistency of a measure if it produces similar results under consistent conditions.

It is the function of time and the failure rate and is equated as

The reliability of a system can be measured by series and parallel set of combinations.

For parallel system the reliability can be calculated asRp = 1- (1-R1) x (1-R2) x ….. (1-Rn)

The bathtub curve is widely used in explaining the failure rate of PV modules. It explains the three parts of failure along with the time span.

• Thefirstpart isadecreasingfailurerate known as early failures.

• Thesecondpart isaconstantfailurerate, known as random failures.

• Thethirdpartisanincreasingfailurerate, known as wear-out failure

A pie chart has been shown below which gives the percentage of test failure in various tests conducted at UL INDIA, Bangalore PV lab in last two years. From the chart one can easily identify that all the tests have some percent of failure rate as per the International standard.

5. CONCLUSION

The various defects and the failures of PV modules shown in this paper indicate that there must be some problem with respect to either handling, material or the process.

Sometime all three can be a reason of failure or may be the combination oftwo together. As explained the

reliability is directly related to the quality of the individual component and the system manufacturing process and of course time. Beyond that threshold limit of shelf life everything will lose its properties. But in order to get the fullest and highest level of reliable PV module one should improve

the process level and as well as the component level selection method. We should push ourselves a little more to get the exact label of expectations and future expectations of 30 years module life from the crystalline PV modules as we know that:

“ S y s t e m success= Success of Every Individual component”


The KREMPEL-GROUP made first inroads into thin film technology in 2012 with AKASOL® HBF

(high barrier foil) with a fluoropolymer as outer layer. This year saw the launch of AKALIGHT HBF with a special polyester outer film in line with demanding KREMPEL standards. Both are based on AKASOL® and AKALIGHT backsheets for classic solar modules, which have already proven their quality in worldwide field use.

The new developments have proven their barrier capability, which is crucial for thin layer modules, in type tests in accordance with ISO 15106-3. KREMPEL supplies both at market-conform prices in the standard colours white and black, as well as red upon request. AKASOL® HBF and AKALIGHT HBF are available optionally in rolls or formats to customer specifications.

Further information on the KREMPEL-GROUP:

As a family-owned enterprise, the KREMPEL-GROUP is an independent manufacturer of high-quality semi-finished products and a leading global system supplier

The rules of economics and quality also apply to thin film solar modules. The KREMPEL-GROUP makes its contribution: with two PV backsheet laminates for thin film modules with glass-foil technology, available at market-conform prices in three colours and required formats - all with barrier capability in accordance with ISO 15106-3 and developed on the basis of proven products.

New From KREMPEL:PV Backsheets For Thin Film Solar Modules

KREMPEL GmbH

of advanced materials. With its electrical insulations, solar materials, composites, electronic materials and special laminates, the group enjoys an excellent reputation worldwide and is the market leader in a number of business sectors. Approx. 1000

employees work in the group’s production facilities in Germany, England, Poland, Brazil and China. Distribution companies in Austria, Great Britain, the USA, Thailand and China ensure fast service locally.

Layer design backsheet laminate for thin film solar modules

(1) Protective layer (outer side) (2) Aluminium foil (barrier)

(3) Mod. polyester foil (inner layer) (4) Primer layer (cell side)

(5) Adhesive

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D.V. ManjunathaFounder And Managing DirectorEMMVEE

EQ : Please enlighten us on the history of your Group, Group Strengths, Vision, Strategy for India etc…

DVM : Emmvee was incorporated in the year 1992 by Manjunatha D V at a nascent stage in solar industry. Emmvee entered into this business keeping in mind the fact that the green power is the future for our country.

Emmvee has the best state-of-art manufacturing facilities to manufacture solar photovoltaic modules and solar water heater. Emmvee is first company to introduce automatic string and tabbing in the country and quick to update and adopt the latest equipment fo r modern

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manufacturing. Emmvee offers small power pack solutions to the domestic use to produce power for captive consumption. Emmvee also offers high-quality products and solutions to large power consumers to generate green power.

Emmvee visions to offer sustainable green energy through its photovoltaic modules and solutions and solar water heating system to the country at a reasonable price with good quality.

Emmvee has a clear strategy to expand its market for domestic usage, roof top off-grid and on-grid solutions, EPC and IIP (Industrial Innovation and Partnerships). We intend to achieve this with our business professionalism, transparency and ethics.

EQ : Your Group has made significant footstep by winning several EPC contracts in India. What is the role of your group in India and the roadmap, challenges in executing these projects? What was the differentiating factor which led your co win this project?

DVM : Emmvee is offering end to end solutions in solar photovoltaic project development to its customers. With lot of unhealthy competition around, to sustain with quality products and services is a real challenge in today’s scenario. We also being module manufacturers are also able to offer quality product with quality services with competitive edge. That makes Emmvee a differentiator with strong technical and commercial know-how.

In the coming days, Emmvee will offer new and efficient business models to its customers.

EQ : How India has to evolve in terms on financing of grid connected solar projects and the lessons India must learn from Germany & Europe and other advanced & matured PV Markets.

DVM : Financial institutions in India are not very aggressive in financing/funding solar projects and many of them consider solar project as one of the normal infra project. There is a need to educate and show the live cases in India and other developed PV countries how the financing is done for solar projects.

Most importantly the financing/funding institutions must consider that availability of sun/solar energy is continuous and universally it is believed that there is no life without sun. The power generation from sun energy must be convinced and has to be believed strongly. If this is achieved, then the financing becomes easy in India.

In a layman’s language, the income from solar project must be considered as any other regular income from resources like rent of any commercial building or even better as there is no risk factor involved like vacancy, crisis etc.,

EQ : What are the experiences and learning’s from Europe for constructing a solar farm. How do you think India is a different market than Germany and rest of Europe. What are experiences in India?

DVM : Europe is a matured market for photovoltaic industry including policy, whereas India is still fine tuning the policies/some of them are not implemented even if it is available, complicated statuary approvals etc.,

We need move fast towards and operate like policies in Germany or any European markets.

EQ : Please enlighten us on the projects executed and in pipeline worldwide, and India.

DVM : Currently we are executing mega watt projects (Turn-key solutions, EPC, and Project development). We are also going strong in grid-connected roof-top projects and off-grid roof projects.

EQ : Please enlighten us on the experience of working with different technologies (c-si vs. Thin Film, Fixed vs. Tracking, String vs.Central Inverter ec..etc…) Whats the ideal solution for India and why?

DVM : Emmvee works with only C-si and this is best what Emmvee believes. Both string and central inverters are good depending upon the type and size of the system that has to be designed.

For Indian market, fixed and C-si systems are the best in the interest for long term.

EQ : Whats your view on the Indian Policy Framework and one piece of advise you would like to give to the government and regulators

DVM : Ensure the speedy implementation of policies across ,strict enforcement of RPO obligation and speedy approvals.

EQ : How has falling modules prices affected the EPC Business in positive and negative manner. As Industry is expecting further drop in module prices…what impact is it likely to have on the solar industry and your business.

DVM : The fall in prices are reached maximum now it will stay the same level, compare to earlier year. In the coming years, the chances of impact towards the prices are very less.

EQ : Can you please enlighten us on the way you implement a project and what specific or unique things are followed which makes you different from other EPC Players. What are the unique parameters which differentiates projects executed by your company?

DVM : An intensive pre-project study of the requirement of the customer/statutory/process of getting approvals is essential to implement any project, based on which a customized designing, engineering is planned.

We believe execution is comparatively faster when the ground work is clear. A strong in-house team with many years of experience in providing quality rich product and service makes a clear differentiator.

EQ : Kindly describe your Top 5 experiences with Solar PV Industry in India

DVM : Entry into PV manufacturing at its very nascent stage

As a quality supplier of PV modules

To perform well under tough market conditions

Foray into EPC and Project development – MW scale in India& Germany

Adapting to the changes fast and fine tune the business accordingly.



EddyCus TF Series – Non-Contact Sheet Resistance Measurement Solutions

Marcus Klein - SURAGUS GmbH

SURAGUS offers systems for non-

destructive and non-contact quality assurance

and process monitoring of low and high

conductive thin-films such as transparent

conductive oxides, carbon nanotubes, LowE

metallization, metal nanowires and graphene

films. Applications involve the assessment of

sheet resistance, film thickness and other

conductivity related parameters. EddyCus®

TF inline solutions support high throughput

quality assurance of inline glass coating and

roll to roll foil coating processes. EddyCus®

laboratory systems provide insights to

material and process developers that focus on

the development of cost effective deposition

processes and materials for high uniformity

films. High local resolution mapping systems

are beneficial to assess film homogeneity

and to identify local effects and defects

such as cracks, impurities, anisotropy and

oxidation.

The applied eddy current testing method

is a non-destructive evaluation method,

which uses local changes of conductivity for

characterization of material properties. It is

also widely used for crack detection. The basic

principle of eddy current testing technology is

the following: acircular coil carrying current

is placed in proximity to the testing sample.

At first, the alternating current in the coil

generates primary magnetic field. Given the

fact that there is a conductive sample in this

changing field, eddy currents are induced

according to Faraday’s law of induction.

Then the eddy currents generate a second

magnetic field. This secondary field works

oppose towards the primary field and causes

impedance change in the primary field. The

properties of sample influence the resulting

field that can be characterized in various

ways by eddy current sensors. The sensor

provides information about capacitive and

resistive properties of the sample. Emerging

application go beyond the characterization

of cracks. Testing tasks are high sensitive

sensors are:

n Contactless sheet resistance measurement of functional thin-films (e.g. TCOs, CNTs, metallization, Silver-Nanowires)

n Layer thickness measurement of thin-films and coatings

n Mapping of conductive layer systems for defects (cracks, voids, delaminations, etc.)

n Determination of surface conductivity of super-alloys

SURAGUS has dedicated an entire

equipment series for solving testing in thin-

films. The EddyCus® TF series is a clean,

contactless, extremely quick and accurate

testing equipment series, especially developed

for quality assurance of low and high

conductive thin-films on glass, wafer, plastics

or foils. The TF Seriesincludes standard and

customized solutions for laboratory (lab)

and in-line applications (inline) as well as

for high-resolution conductivity mapping

(map).

The EddyCus® TF lab is a non-contact

sheet resistance and thickness measuring

device, which determines layer thicknesses

with nanometer resolution and sheet

resistance in real time. A non-contact testing

is particularly required for characterizing

high sensitive thin-film, for testing concealed

conductive layers and encapsulated layers.

The system is suitable for characterization

of following materials:

n Metallic layers (Cu, Al, Ag, etc.)

n TCO (ZnO, ITO, SiO2)

n Carbon nanotubes (CNT)

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n Silver nanowires

n Graphene

n Doped layers and materials (wafer)

The application is designed for real-time

thickness and sheet resistance measurement

of low and high conductive thin-films, metal

foils and sheets with sample sizes up to

300 x 300 mm ². A measurement of gap

1/5/15/25/40 and 60 mm is available. The

available standard sheet resistance ranges

are 0.01 to 1,000 Ohm/sq. The system is

connected to a measurement PC via Ethernet.

Sheet resistance, wall thickness, thin-film

and substrate thickness results are shown

in real-time, with the possibility to collect,

save and export data. A user-friendly and

easy to handle software provides pre-saved

calibration for standard measurements as

well as supports quick re-calibration for

specific application to extend the field of

use.

The EddyCus® TF inlinecomprises

standardized and customized hardware for

integrated quality assurance of thin-films in

automated production lines and can contain

up to 99 sensors. It is a perfect solution for

monitoring the entire production width. The

system operates contact-free and in real time.

Avacuum solution is optionally available.

Testing tasks for inline applications involve

thickness and sheet resistance measurement,

however the combination with further

measurements is also available upon request.

The used hardware platform provides a high

degree of variability, which enables the setup

to be fully customized to the application. The

following technical parameters are applicable

forEddyCus® TF inline device:

n Contact-free and real-time

n Single-lane or multi-lane

n Min. sensor pitch of to 38 mm

n Support high speed monitoring of high throughput productions (1 to 5,000 samples / sec)

n Standard gap sizes in transmission mode from 5 to 60 mm

n Vacuum option available

Performance & Setup EddyCus® TF inline

Sensor to sensor distance (gap) 1/ 5/ 10/ 25/ 50 mm (other on request)

Number of sensor pairs 1 - 99

Substrates Glass/ PET-foils/Wafer

Conductive layers Metals/ TCOs/ CNTs/ Nanowires/ Graphene

Sheet resistance range 0.001 – 1,000 Ω/sq

Environment Ex-vacuo / In-vacuo

< 60°C / 140°F (on request < 90°C / 194°F)

Sample rate 1 – 3,000 samples per second (higher on request)

Sheet resistance range 0.001 – 10 Ohm/sq< 2,5 % accuracy

10 – 100 Ohm/sq< 3 % accuracy

100 – 1,000 Ohm/sq< 5 % accuracy

Thickness nm to mm in accordance with sheet resistance

TheEddyCus® TF map is a system

forerror detection and fast mapping of sheet

resistance and homogeneity of different

materials.It allows a fast, user-friendly

impedance spectroscopy at high spatial

resolution. Mapping the resistive and dielectric

properties and is used to expose a variety

of information about properties, structural

effects and defects (cracks, holes, particles)

in different material layers. The device uses

4 different frequencies per measurement

and there are various sensors with different

sensitivities and spatial resolutions for

specific materials available. If required,

the system comes with adapted parameter

sets for defining the scan area for each test

material and parameters for the eddy current

sensors. The system is easy to handle and

supported by user-friendly software for fast

real-time evaluation. The user places the

sample, loads the measurement recipe, starts

the measurement and receives the high-

resolved eddy current image.

Being experts in the field of testing

equipment SURAGUS provides professional

customer-oriented measuring equipment

and excellent services to meet the specific

requirement of every customer. “We think

from our customer perspective and dedicate

our work to support them with efficient

cutting-edge testing solutions for quality

assurance of the electrical integrity of

thin-film for the future. Therefore we are

constantly improving our technology to

achieve the perfection required”.Dipl.Wi.-

Ing. Marcus Klein, CEO


Dr. Torsten Brammer - CEO, WAVELABS Solar Metrology Systems GmbH

With the SINUS-220, WAVELABS Solar Metrology Systems GmbH presents one of the best solar

simulators available. The device’s LED technology enables nearly flawless solar cell efficiency measurement. The SINUS-220 solar simulator will improve the performance and competitiveness of solar cells and solar module manufacturers.

Xenon lamps have until now been the standard light source for measuring the efficiency of solar cells. But they are also well-known in the solar industry for providing only limited precision. They frequently deviate from standards by as much as 25 %. In addition, the output spectrum also varies over time by as much as 5 % due to effects caused by aging and a lack of monitoring options. LEDs, in contrast, provide the ability to combine a number of different colors in order to represent the full spectrum of the sun as accurately as possible. WAVELABS’ SINUS-220 uses 18 different color LEDs, each with a unique spectral output. The result is a practically flawless simulation of sunlight. The SINUS-220 exhibits a maximum deviation of only 2 %.

State-of-the-art lens systems

WAVELABS uses state-of-the-art lens systems that allow monitoring even while a measurement is in progress. The integrated spectrometer and photodiode sample the light in one millisecond intervals. A high-performance control algorithm provides continual self correction. As a result, the spectrum is not only accurate, but also stable over time. The SINUS-220 can illuminate every spot on a solar cell with the exact same spectrum. This uniformity sets it apart from other LED-based solar simulators. Unlike

Led’s Simulate The Sun.The Sinus-220 Solar Simulator From Wavelabs

conventional xenon solar simulators, the SINUS-220 makes it possible to set exposure to the desired time. Anything from just a few milliseconds up to continuous illumination can be set. This is especially important for the measurement of high-efficiency solar cells. Even at lower light intensities, the spectrum remains constant. That makes the SINUS-220 exceptionally well-suited for performing special measurements. “Using an electronic load together with 14-bit technology and calibrated, high-end components is simply a matter of course for us,” explained Jörn Suthues, head of product development and a managing partner at WAVELABS. “Any voltage can be specified for as many measurement points as desired — you can even determine the number of current measurements at each measurement point. These and many more features ensure that the I-V curve is measured accurately and with high repeatability.”

Improved process analysis

For improved process analysis, the SINUS-220 can optionally provide full integration with infrared

and electroluminescence cameras optimized for rapid quality analysis on solar cell production lines. The SINUS-220 also makes it possible to access and analyze the raw measurement data and use it to return classification criteria to the SINUS-220 if required. This allows users to fully leverage key measurement data from their production lines. The clearly organized interface makes it easy to set measurement parameters on the device’s touchscreen. The SINUS-60904 easily exceeds the criteria for the highest specified class of solar simulator, Class A.

The SINUS-220 increases competitiveness

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Dr. Torsten Brammer, also a managing partner at WAVELABS and the head the company’s production operations and sales activities, is confident that the SINUS-220 will considerably enhance the performance and competitiveness of solar cell and module manufacturers: “Our solar simulator was designed from the ground up to integrate perfectly into any conceivable production

line — even for upgrades of existing lines. The SINUS-220’s nearly perfect and fully repeatable simulation of the sun’s spectrum minimizes the danger of classifying solar cells with an incorrect efficiency rating.” Unlike Xenon lamps, the LED-based light source of the SINUS-220 can provide 24 months of reliable operation with minimal maintenance. Thanks to its measurement

precision, the SINUS-220 is an exceptionally capable device for incoming goods inspections at solar module manufacturers. Incorrect shipments can thus be clearly identified. By classifying incoming solar cells accurately, the SINUS-220 also makes it possible to increase the percentage of solar modules rolling off the line with high performance characteristics.

“The SINUS-220 aids considerably in lowering operating costs and optimizing product pricing for solar cells. The device helps solar manufacturers expand their margins and increase their competitiveness,” Dr. Brammer is certain. He estimates the amount of additional earnings in euros that can be realized by replacing conventional solar simulators is a six-figure sum. “The bottomline benefits of the SINUS-220 pay off in more ways than one in an industry characterized by intense competition.“

We also undertake ground and other speci�ed structure required, call now for all types of module mounting structures.

The best Solar solutions - Needs the best mounting Solution

Distinctive features of Aluminium MMS by NEPC

Few of our Esteemed Customers

The best in Solar Energy Solutions -

- Full aluminium frame for �atroof module structures - No rust, No corrosion.- Very Competitive price and matches the prices compared to regular MS Structure. - Direct mounting of panels on site without any fabrications, it comes pre-assembled. - Only 10 kilos per kW

| Saves transport, civil works, time.

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| Quick Installation time of 30 mins per kW.- Quick Guaranteed wind speed load for 150 Km/hr.

NEPC , presents cost e�ectiveand long lasting aluminium mounting solutions for �at roof tops withthe ability to accommodate the needs of any type of solar array installation.

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To find out how the system can be installed : http://nepcindia.com/videos.php

FOR MORE DETAILSNo 36, Wallajah Road, Chennai-600 002, Ph: +91- 98417 25555,Web: www.nepcindia.co.in | E-mail: [email protected]


Markus Amendt MBA, Dipl. Ing. (FH) - AW Solution GmbH

AW Solution GmbH (AWS) the Photovoltaic Key Technology Equipment provider brings to you

a new era in solar module manufacturing.

The TS240C table top, Semi Automated Tabber and Stringer. No longer is it needed to spend hundreds of thousands on an automatic stringer, get the high grade efficiency and excellent esthetics for your PV Modules with the TS240C. Be it a full cell, half cell (1/2), one third (1/3) cell or a BIPV module the TS240C is fully capable in handling anything you can throw at it.

For the last few years in India we have been working with Local Ribbon and Cell manufacturers to make the machine capable of handling raw material Made in India. Including the involvement of the local ribbon supplier into the development cycle of the Semi Automated Tabber Stringer System we are happy to offer the best price performance Semi Automated Tabber Stringer in the market” says Markus Amendt, Managing Director of AW Solution GmbH.

Problem:

To serve the competitive Indian marketplace the companies run mostly Semi Automated production lines for producing standard modules and parallel manual lines for off grid modules. The produced PV

TS240C (Semi Automatic Tabber And Stringer) Enhance Your Manual PV Module Manufacturing

Module varies from power ratings from 3 Wp to 300 Wp Panels. For the production of the smaller modules cutted cells must be used to achieve the required open circuit voltage. For example for a 30 Wp Panel, a strings pattern with nine cutted-one third cells will be used, compare to a 10 string pattern with full six inch cells for a standard 230 Wp Panel.Due to the required process flexibility to solder one third, half cells and full cells including the minimal initial investment costs of a manual soldering system a lot of PV manufacturers are having a manual process with hand iron system.

With manual soldering process the PV Module Manufacturer must cope with the unknown process reliability. Especially a not controlled soldering process can apply stress to the material which can cause microcracks to form which can cause a module field failure. In addition not just the manual solder process itself is critical also the accurate alignment and distance between cell to cell. Not equal cell distance and twisted cells are not necessary causing a failure of the module but may have an impact on the brand name as the product is not meeting the high quality standards in the market.

Automated Tabber Stringer are designed to run 24h/7 and not made of disruptive production cycles as the market may requires. Also the Automated Tabber Stringer are not designed to change often the configuration and specially are not designed to cope with non-standard size cells. In addition the high investment costs are a burden for lot of companies at this dull market situation.

Semi AutomatedTabber Stringer TS240C

The Semi AutomatedTabber Stringer TS240C combines the advantages of an automatic Tabber/ Stringer with the flexibility and investment cost advantage of a manual soldering process.

The System can solder up to 240 Cells/ Hour with just one single operator with a constant high quality of the solder joints and string pattern. With high uptime and minimal breakage rate the TS240C is designed to work reliable 24h/7.The semi automatic

tabber and stringer unit is configured to operate where precision is required, and where expensive fully automation is not feasible

Soldering Process:

Soldering is accomplished using balanced conduction heating on both sides of the cell, simultaneously. The required heat is introduced into the busbar via a series of soldering pins from the top and a conductive plate below. The soldering area (Upper and Lower) can be precisely targeted by a programmable logic controller to produce an optimal result from preset temperatures and cycle times. The clamping device, a frame like fixture that keeps the ribbons aligned to the cell bus bar by means of spring loaded fingers during soldering. Contact pressure is limited via spring loaded clamps which to prevent

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breakage. The clamps have two functions at the soldering process, they are centering the ribbon with the bus bar at the top of the cell and the clamps are the soldering tips which making the thermal contact for the soldering process. Due to the design of the clamping device it’s possible that cells thin down to 180 µm and even cells which are not perfectly flat can be soldered.

Before the soldering process the cell is

preheated to prevent thermal stress which

otherwise can cause micro cracks.

Ribbon- Unwinding/ Stretching:

The machine is capable to work with

various ribbon’s like the 2.0 mm x 0.13mm

(coating thickness 15-26 micron) series.

Motors are used to unwind the ribbon spools

and a stretching device is a standard feature

of each TS240C with stretching length

adjustable (0 to 10%). Also the adjustment

from 2 Bus Bar to 3 Bus Bar configurations

is easy to do.

Advanced Cell Spacing

The new version have a automatic

string advance cell spacing with Optical

Sensor and cell distance adjustment option

from 2,5 mm to larger gaps for BIPV

Panels. The motorized string conveyor and infrared sensors is ensuring a constant and repeatable string pattern with max. 12 Cells configuration. In the basic package a vacuum operated string handling unit is included for safe and stress free handling of the produced strings to the layup station.

Process Temperature Control

Precision electronic controls are used to ensure accurate heating temperatures during the soldering process. The proportional-integral-derivative controller (PID controller) is ensuring a constant and even distributed Temperature control of the entire solder cycle. A PET100 Sensor is measuring the cell temperature and is controlling the temperature tolerance of 5K.

A process window to reduce cell damage and consistently produce good inter metallic bonds between the ribbon and the solar cells must be identified and maintained.

A controlled time and temperature are needed at the solder joint to form an inter metallic layer of 1-2μm. Precise control of time and temperature reduce the possibility of forming micro cracks in the substrate

Fluxing System:

The flux dispenser, which is a separate small table top station, dispenses dots of solder paste or flux on the solar cell. It uses compressed air to displace a small volume

of paste/flux from each of several syringes

simultaneously. After loading of the cell into

the flux dispensing station the operator must

just push down the lever until signal indicates

the end of the successful flux cycle. As this

process is independent of the main Tabber

Stringer station, batch cell fluxing is possible.

All known Flux materials can be used with

this system and a changeover to another

material is also easy to do.

The nozzles are

arranged in a special fixture

that it can be easy adjusted

for different cell sizes and

2/ 3 Bus Bar configuration

with minimum change over

time. The flux volume can be easily adjusted via a central precise pressure controller.

Platform

The Tabber& Stringer TS240C is a table top platform which means it can be just installed at the top of a existing work bench with the total length of 4 m with the electrical output feeding conveyor the system can be easily implemented in an existing production floor set up. A 230V power supply and 5 bar air pressure are sufficient to run system.

Applications

The TS240C is designed to solder cells up to 240 per hour with the highest quality from the first to the last cell. The different Bus Bar Kits (2 Bus Bar + 3 Bus Bar) and Cell Kits (1/2 Cell, 1/3 Cell) which are easy and fast to change give the system the required flexibility for the production of Standard and Non Standard PV Panels. All Key Processes like soldering Ribbon Unwinding-/ Streching, soldering, cell spacing is done automatically. All this features with the a fraction of the cost of a fully automated system.


EQ : Please enlighten us on the history of your Group, Group Strengths, Vision, Strategy for India etc…

History of NEPC:

In the 1984’s when the idea of non conventional energy was unheard of in India, NEPC started a silent revolution and pioneering effort in promoting the concept of harnessing wind power and commercializing it. NEPC became the first company in India to manufacture 250kw wind turbines. This not only created a huge opportunity for the untapped private sector market, but also provided a vital infrastructure of power & contributed to the nation’s economy. NEPC has already made a huge contribution by supplying 4000 wind turbines across India. It was the first company to receive ISO 9001 certification for manufacturing wind turbines in India.

After the success of wind generated power, NEPC set its sight on harnessing the awesome power of the sun. NEPC INDIA LTD, a pioneer in Wind Energy has diversified into Roof Top Solar Market in India. The company has tied up with leading players of Photo voltaic components and is able to offer standard format of grid and non-grid systems ranging from 1 KW to Multi MW. This strategy made them absolutely independent in terms of power supply and consumption.

NEPC’s SOLAR DIVISION offers all types of systems for Flat Roof, Ground Mount and other special applications as per customer requirements. The company also does suitable engineering and provide customers with most economic solutions. In a very short span of 10 months, NEPC Solar has successfully executed more than 1 MW Roof Top Solar Projects.

NEPC SOLAR has developed its own Module Mounting Structure which is very much cost effective and quick to install. The product is designed after extensive research and development and capable of withstanding

extreme conditions. Today we are proud to safely say that we are the Market Leaders in Aluminum Mounting Solution and have been competing directly with Traditionally used GI structures. Our Products have been well accepted by the Solar Industry and all major EPC players.

Group Vision:

To continuously motivate ourselves and provide world class quality , an uncompromising commitment which provides disciplined business perspective and to continuously derive value for our share holders, customers, vendors & employees.

Group Strength:

l Working Together: We bring conviction and commitment to in all aspects of our work which helps us work better as a team. Collaborating in arriving at solutions for every problem and challenge, making us responsible not only to our clients, but also to every team member in our organization

l Looking Ahead: We innovate in every sphere of our work, our quest is a continuous process of creating new and innovative ways

to meet all client expectations, and we have been constantly evolving to make ourselves a world class company.

l Quality par Excellence: Quality is the by word in everything we do. We set our benchmark to the highest quality and

efficiency standards, right from designing to the final services of our products.

l Camaraderie:We value and respect each member’s contribution in all our work. We believe in dealing honestly and transparently, to build trust in our relationships. Each and every member, client and associate is important to us to learn from and share.

EQ : Your Group has made significant footstep by winning several contracts in India. What is the role of your group in India and the roadmap, challenges in executing these project. What was the differentiating factor which led your co win this project.

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Various challenges in respect of financials, timely executions, cost and time overrun, statutory clearances were faced by the Company in the successful and timely execution of these contracts. The Company was successful in mitigating all these challenges and emerge Winner.

It is a very well known fact that to win contracts in solar industry, one needs to provide the quality -value of Gold in the price of steel, hence at NEPC, we strive to achieve this. The major contributor for us is to provide customers value for money, without compensating in Quality.

EQ : Every Project is unique when it comes to mounting structures in terms of kind of land, different modules, different climatic conditions etc…Could you share your experiences of working in such diverse environment

Mounting structures are the only loose end of the solar project as the solar modules, inverters, cables, junction boxes are not custom-made as per site , and only the technology and quality needs to be chosen, whereas in Mounting structures the entire environment decides the uniqueness of the structure to be designed and also the type of solar module which is to be used for the particular project.

Since there is a current boom in Rooftop solar market with many encouraging solar policies in states like Kerala with the ANERT project and in Andhra Pradesh & Tamilnadu, with net metering for rooftop solar,we, at NEPC have developed the Revolutionary Aluminium Rooftop structures.

NEPC has launched our unique Aluminum Module Mounting Structures in January 2013. Till date, NEPC has supplied 2MW of these Aluminum flat roof structures. The product has been revolutionary in the Indian Solar market as it has enabled Solar companies to have an alternative, as compared to the traditional steel structures, which are much heavier and bulky. The fabrication work required in the traditional steel structures are much higher, whereas NEPC’s Aluminium Mounting Structures have been designed in such a way that they can accommodate any poly/mono crystalline modules and all major C-Si and thin film modules. Being very light weight (approx.10 kgs per KW), NEPC’s structures are easy and more economical for transport. The best part is that it comes pre-assembled as per customer requirements

making it possible to mount 100 KW per day with 8 workmen.

The main aim of NEPC is to remove the pre conceived notion that aluminium is less economical than conventional GI structures. We believe that we are achieving this as we have completed a respectable 2 MW structures in aluminium for flat roof top in the past 10 months.

EQ : Please enlighten us on the projects executed and in pipeline worldwide, and India.

NEPC India Limited has successfully executed about 2000 KW Aluminium Mounting Structure Projects in a very

short span of time and about 1 MW Solar Power Projects. Solar Power Projects of 10 MW scale are in pipeline in India. These Projects are in advanced stage and NEPC is aiming for financial closure by October,2013 and implementation of these Projects are scheduled by March,2014.

EQ : What is your opinion on working with c-Si, Thin Film modules?

The market share of c-si , which accounts for nearly 92% of the global PV market, has been steadily increasing and their performance is also better.The cost performance, efficiency, stability and reliability of c-si are better than thin-film and even the installation and maintenance

cost is lower than thin film. Output wise also, c-si offers more power output in comparison to thin film for a similar size module.

With the overall PV market growing, thin film technology will be applied in more areas, however it becoming a dominant technology in the future is questionable.

EQ : What goes behind the Materials technology, Installation Techniques for Mounting Structures across various projects

NEPC’s Mounting Structures uses exclusive high quality material such as aluminium. NEPC mounting systems stand

for maximum durability and consistent safety – with fast and cost-effective installation.

The installation of the Mounting Structure is very easy and quick.It takes only less than 15 mins/ KW for installation.Thus, the Structure being light weight is quick and easy to install.The detailed Installation Technique for our Mounting Structure is available in our website- www.nepcindia.com

The Technical specification of NEPC’s Aluminium Module Mounting Structure are given below:

EQ : Please tell us about the team strengths and resources developed in order to offer your

Technical SpecificationDescription 2 Module Structure

Configuration Aerodynamic design, Two Module Structure

Installation type Flat Roof/Pitched Roof

Design Lifetime 20 years

Size 2000 x 1800 MM

Material Aluminium Alloy-6063 T6

Tilt Angle 0λ-60λ (Flat Roof) & Customized (Pitched Roof)

Tracker Type Fixed

Design Wind Load 185 Km/hr

Panel Type Any type of PV Modules

Module Orientation Landscape or Portrait

Structure Aluminium

Distance from Ground to Panel 100 MM

Distance between Panel Airgap 25 MM

Total Weight for 1 KW 10-12 kgs

Maintenance Free, Panel Cleaning as required


EPC Services.

The NEPC team of solar energy experts brings local expertise backed by global strength to every solar power plant project. With an experience acquired for constructing solar photovoltaic plants, NEPC’s active engineering & commercial team specialized in Solar PV is responsible for NEPC’s growth as EPC Contractor supplying the Turnkey service to install photovoltaic systems on industrial, commercial, agricultural, and Public rooftops, and on the ground.

NEPC has a very strong and loyal customer base in India & abroad. We have ventured with REN Electron, Italy for solar know how and expertise for providing state-of-the-art solutions to Indian Solar Market. Ren Electron has vast experience in erection and maintenance of Solar systems in and around Italy. The Joint aim is to facilitate reaching the target set by the Government of Tamil Nadu to generate 3000 MW of electricity from Solar Energy in the next three years.

EQ : Kindly describe your Top 5 experiences with Solar PV Industry in India.

l NEPC INDIA LIMITED has been awarded as the Best Company for Excellence in Solar Energy at the Energize Awards 2012-13, held at Mumbai. NEPC INDIA LIMITED received the Award for Innovation in developing new Solar Technology and providing growth in the use of Solar energy. This Award is a testimony to the crucial role played by NEPC INDIA LIMITED in the promotion and

development of Solar energy in India.

l 430 KWp Mounting Structure Design, Erection & Supply to Tihar Jail in Delhi.

l 100 KWp Grid tied Roof top Solar Module mounting structure in Goa.

l Installation of 25 kwp Grid tied Solar power system for a Leading Chemical Company in Vizag.

l Installation of 20 kwp off-grid Solar power system in a leading College in Tirunelveli.

l Installation of 11kwp off-grid solar power system in a leading School in Chennai.

l Installation of 10kwp off-grid solar power system in a Laboratory in Mogappair.

EQ : What are the future plans in India and other Countries ?

After assessing the solar potential in various states in India, the Company has plans to establish MW scale Solar Power Plants in Tamilnadu, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Rajasthan, and Chattisgarh.

NEPC’s aims to be the Market Leader in Aluminum Module Mounting Structures in the Indian Solar sector.

EQ : How has the depreciating rupee affected the costs of structures and how is the competition scenario in India from Global Players and in International Markets what scope do you see for an Indian

company like yours.

The depreciating rupee has affected the cost of the Structures. The price of aluminum has gone up and this has lead to an increase in the cost of structure as aluminium is the major raw material.But NEPC has not lost its competitiveness in the Indian Solar market due to this situation as the price of zinc has also increased leading to an increase in the price of GI structures.

Energy needs in India continue to grow as the population expands and GDP rises. India’s target is to generate 20 GW of solar power by 2022. Global suppliers have a crucial role to play as this new demand dictates the need to minimize costs and maximize returns on investments in solar. As India grows, collaboration with leading suppliers will be the key.

India is set to drive its solar sector into the mainstream with the next phase of the JNNSM and with other state solar policies. JNNSM II will scale up the opportunities and establishes an ambitious, yet realistic 10-fold increase in the planned target.Future prospects of our Company-NEPC India Limited is really bright.

EQ : Please describe in detail the project engineering, project management, planning etc…adopted to deliver the best solution

NEPC provides all the necessary infrastructure, support and innovative turnkey products for Solar power Engineering, Procurement and Construction (EPC) services, and our experts specialize in delivering tailor made products for all solar projects. We have a high reputation in the market for efficient and cost-effective solar products. NEPC has a highly experienced and dedicated EPC team for end-to-end project execution. Our engineering team and industry partners bring specialized, unique and inexpensive solutions for challenging projects.

With our Focus on “OPTIMIZED SOLUTION” we provide innovations in our Engineering and Designs backed by strong and vast experience of Power Projects. NEPC’s in-house team of Design Engineers bring in the capability to Maximize Yields and Minimize Losses. This capability has been achieved with an exposure in handling several successful projects.

EQ : Which states are most interesting for you and why

At the moment, our resources in India allow us to focus on the states of Tamilnadu, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Rajasthan.The encouraging state solar policies have inspired us to develop Solar Projects in these states.

EQ : Could you enlighten the Developers, EPC Companies, Investors & Banks the importance and nitty-gritties of mounting solutions.

NEPC’s Aluminum Module Mounting Structure has the following unique features :

l Easy to transport because of full collapsed design

l Light in weight (only 10 kgs per kw, 35 kgs for 5 kw and 70 kgs for 10 kw)

l Full aluminum structure

l Rust free

l Easy to install

l Only two screws fixed on the floor

l Designed to withstand upto 185 km wind speed

l Quick installation

l Suitable for any module both for th in- fi lm and crystalline of any make.

l Universal design

This structure is highly useful for Flat Roof which is most common in India.

This mounting structure can be installed in less than 30 minutes per KW and weighs around 10 kgs per KW which makes it easy for transportation and easy for site installation.

EQ : Kindly enlighten us on the ongoing R&D within the company and the way forward for its technology, products and services.Whats your annual R&D budget

Being a premier Solar Company, a considerable portion of our revenue (around

3 % ) is spent for Research & Development purpose.

NEPC India Limited aims to develop Mounting Structures for Roof Top and Ground Mount Projects in the tune of Rs.2-2.50 per Watt. The Company aims to reduce the cost of structures by 50 % and increase greater standardization of our product. The main aim is to further reduce any minor fabrication and to achieve a neutral structure suitable for all types of modules and diverse environment as soon as possible, thereby reducing lead time for manufacturing of the structure.


Is Renewable Energy merely a means to fill up the gap left by conventional energy generationcapacity or resources?

Or a clean energyto reduce the carbon emissions… yes of course..But there are some major fringe benefits of following the RE path for fulfilling our rising energy demands..

The initiatives in the RE utilization have driven a whole new wave of Innovation in different fields of technologies. In fact, it has contributed to the evolution of a new Renewable Fuel: “The Fifth Fuel”in a big way.

DID YOU KNOW?

l There is a renewable-energy resource that is perfectly clean, remarkably cheap, surprisingly abundant and immediately available.

l It has potential to reduce the carbon emissions that threaten our planet, our dependency on oil imports that threaten our economy, and energy costs that threaten our wallets.

l It does not pollute, does not depend on weather, does not inflate prices and does not take a decade to build.

This miracle resource is better known across the world by the distinctively boring name of “Energy Efficiency”. It turns out that it is much less expensive, less destructive and

Renewable Energy “Leading the way to an Energy Efficient, Smart & Green India”

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Narang N. Kishor - Mentor& Principal Design Architect, Narnix Technolabs

Today Renewable Energy is Driving Innovation in Energy Efficiency and Green Technologies thus paving the path to a carbon neutral society…

less time-intensive to reduce demandthrough efficiency than toincrease supplythrough new drilling or new power plants.

Energy Efficiency is appropriately considered today as the 5th Fuel to serve our increasing energy requirement.

Energy efficiency has today become the largest energy source. It is bigger than OIL, and much bigger than WIND, SOLAR, HYDROELECTRIC POWER & BIO-FUELS combined. The utilization of this “5th Fuel”is clean, possible and profitable, generating millions n billions of “NEGAWATTS”tirelessly &endlessly.

You would ask, why am I giving credit to the RE for driving Energy Efficiency movement & Innovations in a big way? Well, for one, initially the cost of RE generation was pretty high which led to finding ways to optimize and reduce the consumption without compromising the comforts, needs and even “wants” of the consumers. “Necessity is the mother of Invention” … A case in point is “Solar Energy” - The PV Solar is still in the stage where the Generation Cost per Unit (KWh) is still much higher than the comfort level of the Eco-system, particularly at KW scale, where it can really help in evolution of truly Hybrid & Distributed Micro Grids.

If you had Rs.1000 Crores to invest, would you invest it on the supply or the demand side? Keeping in mind that a penny

saved is penny earned, but in power context, it is well know fact that a unit (of electricity i.e. KWh) saved is equivalent to 2.5 to 3 units generated.

Energy use is a big challenge for ours, and the next Generations!“The same way of thinking that got us into trouble won’t get us out of it.”

Key Economic & Social Driver

l At the heart of the worldwide rollout of Smart Meters and the construction of a Smart Grid Network Infrastructure, lies the goal of Energy Efficiency from the Generation, Transmission and Distribution to the End Customer.

l The Key Economic & Social Driver for “SMART GRID” Initiatives Globally is nothing but “Energy Efficiency”.

l Governments worldwide are mandating improved Energy Efficiency, requiring an investment in the new Smart grid and Smart Energy Management Structure.

The goal is to create a smart grid that will change the way power is deployed for sustainable energy around the world.

It will transform the way we use Energy

Towards a DC Century:

Did you know?Over 1 trillion KWh of energy are wasted annually through inefficient inverters and AC/DC adaptors. This is set to rise as the number of low power DC devices increase exponentially, e.g. the number of connected devices is expected to rise from 6bn to 50bn by 2020, as we use more computers, mobile devices and gadgets. Furthermore, lighting is going through a revolution, with new availability of efficient DC LED solutions.

To power this through AC/DC adaptors is both wasteful and annoying, particularly as adaptors are bulky, mains sockets are in the wrong place or in short supply, and it prevents plugging them in directly to local renewable energy supplies, such as PV, Batteries, CHP and Fuel cells, which are all sources of DC.

The current model is unsustainable, and that is why many groups have been working for several years to rethink the axiom of power and electricity consumption to develop Smart DC technology that works at variable voltages over a Smart DC Network, providing efficient power to household lighting, Smart Hubs, Smart DC sockets for computers, and smart power integration.

I believe this could help reduce electricity bills by up to a third, and significantly reduce grid peak demand through powering devices efficiently from off-grid or off-peak resources,

and through smart control and advice.

Systems can also be designed to ensure - ‘No home is left behind’, in adopting low cost renewable energy solutions, whether they are houses or flats in urban spaces. We can also develop solutions for hotels, student accommodation and small offices.Need to develop a range of Home Energy solutions that provide smart energy monitoring, easy to install micro-generation and storage, and provide efficient power via smart DC Hubs, DC micro-nets which can re-use household wiring to power home lighting or provide smart DC sockets for appliances.

Vision is to change the way we produce and consume electricity in homes. Specifically through focusing on the “Long-tail” of energy consumption - using advanced monitoring and control to reduce high load appliance use, and through using smart DC micro-nets to reduce the inefficiencies of trillions of DC/low power lighting and electronic devices being powered from the grid via AC/DC adaptors.

In last few decades, there has been a Dramatic Increase in DC Power Use. The use of DC power is often hidden, up to 80% of Electric Load Comes from DC-Electronically Powered Devices. Just consider the following:

l Most equipment requires AC power conversion to DC

l Distributed generation natively produces

DC power.

l Electricity is stored and/or delivered as DC

l DC Distribution improves energy efficiency & reliability

l DC reduces charging times for hybrid/electric vehicles

Solid-state IC technology has changed the game. DC Power Distribution Drivers are widely in use today. 5-20% Energy is wasted in unnecessary AC-DC power conversions.

l Improved power electronics allows simple DC -DC conversions to replace more complex AC-DC and DC-AC inversions

l The evolution of DC power architectures and power electronic devices simplifies DC power delivery systems.

l DC power distribution simplifies the use of micro-grids for distributed energy generation & storage integration, operation, & improved performance.

Smarter buildings for Smart Grid Integration:

DC Micro-grids Can Help In Buildings. Micro-grids are for buildings not just ‘Smart’ grids. New DC Power Standards Are also helping in proliferation of DC as Industry standards are key. There are new standards for generating and distributing DC power in buildings.

www.mounting-systems.com

Intersolar EUIntersolar NASolarpower US*

Mounting systems for solar installations

Alpha Kappa Sigma I XL

Intersolar Europe, 19 – 21 June 2013

Intersolar North America, 9 – 11 July 2013

Solarpower US, 22 – 24 October 2013

*


Hybrid AC/DC Buildings Are the 1st

Step: We can begin to leverage Hybrid Power for Building Interiors Now!Low Voltage DC Is Key: LVDC technology can help make it happen as it offers:

Flexibility

l Plug & play use of devices, upgradeable

l Faster, easier, cheaper for moves, adds & changes

Energy Savings

l Less conversions in DC sources & loads

l LED lighting: 5-15% more efficient, driven by DC

Sustainability/Reliability

l Re-use/Re-configurability of buildings &equipment

l Improved Reliability of clean energy & DC devices

l Smarter buildings for Smart Grid Integration

Energy Efficient Designs: Ohm’s Law makes a difference. Energy Conversions impacts Energy Efficiency of any Product, Appliance or System. With DC, Efficiency is >10-15% higher with solar, wind & on-site storage. For example, AC & solar sources can be connected to the same DC Loads. Hence,allowing maximized return on investments in alternative energy.

Flexible by Design: Flexibility is significantly enhanced &not compromised with DC Micro-grids. And, Energy Use Analysis Leeds to Enhanced certification opportunities; Improved power and lighting efficiencybecause of fewer power conversions at solar & fixture level. Also:

l New Credit Area for LEED 2012

l Designing Spaces to Give Owners Ability to Modify without Significant Reconfiguration or Rewiring

l Innovation Credit: “High Efficiency DC Micro-grid”

Expands on Current Credit Areas focused on:

l Buying or Generating Renewable Energy

l Implementing Energy Efficient Systems: Lighting, Sensors, HVAC, Building Controls

Are Data Centers Next? Yes;as all the Data Centers today are focused on energy efficiency. Consider the following:Data Centers are Huge energy user in buildings; Not just Google or Facebook, 99% are “small” (server rooms, closets, etc…2.5 million total)that contain majority of all servers (57%)@from 2-32 servers per location. These Sites have veryless internal expertise in power/space/heat management.In fact at least 6 billion KW hours could be saved each year with a 10% improvement in data center energy efficiency.

DC Accelerates Net Zero

Attainment:The right approach can save

time and money

l Integrated design and operations planning

l Site renewable strategies get optimized using DC

l Energy Storage in DC allow Grid independence

l System Intelligence control, monitor, verify

“DC power would fundamentally change the way power is distributed in commercial and even residential buildings…”

Some benefits of DC network:

l Avoid energy conversion losses from AC to DC & in both operational & standby modes

l All power is real (i.e. not reactive), better power quality

l Increased efficiency & ROI on renewable energy & distributed generation

l Higher compatibility with energy storage techniques

l More intelligent controls for building & innovative new DC appliances

l Reduce power electronics & thermal management in appliances

l Possibly lower electromagnetic emissions (50hz) (no humming)

l Reduce use of unsafe 240V AC to safer lower DC voltages

l Advances in IGBT & control systems make HVDC transmission reliable & feasible, hastening smart grid development

l New market opportunities for INDIA

Some challenges of DC network

l Cost – systems, wiring, installation, appliances, energy storage

l Technology challenges – what, how, when, why, who?

l Safety – earthing, arcing protection, circuit breaking, fusing, DC shock

l Standards – electrical, buildings, installation, training, DIY

There is clearly a dichotomy between, on the one hand, the question “Who is going to invest in creating newelectrical appliances compatible with the DC grid concept if the infrastructure does not exist?” and on theother hand, the question “Who is going to create the infrastructure if there is no demand?” Strong, clearlyunderstood, tangible benefits to be gained from the adoption of the new DC power grid technology will beneeded in order for both questions to be answered.

Nonetheless, the evolving focus on Energy Efficiency and “smart n Green” Planet shall bring the stakeholders on common platforms to arrive at new solutions and consensus on conflicting aspects of such technological innovations. In fact, in US a few Standards have already been released on generating and distributing DC power in buildings by “EMerge Alliance”. In UK there is an Initiative by the name of “SMART DC”.

Shall we in India be left behind? I am sure NOT…. Let us build an Energy Efficient, Smart n Green INDIA…


skytron® energy GmbH

The new ArrayGuard® FH combiner boxes type PV29 to PV32 have been designed to meet the demand for

cost-conscious BOS components in utility-scale photovoltaic installations.

Berlin-based skytron® energy is a

renowned supplier of high quality monitoring,

control and supervision solutions to the

renewable energy sector. Its product range

includes the well-established ArrayGuard®

combiner-box series for PV systems, first

launched in 2006.

This 1000 VDCcomponent family has

now been expanded to include a redesigned

smart combiner box for utility-scale PV

applications. The new models offer an

outstanding price/performance ratio whilst

preserving the reliability that this product’s

reputation has been built upon.

The ArrayGuard® FH comes with

the essential measurement, switching and

protection functions fully integrated at no

additional cost.

l Efficient DC connection of up to 24 strings

l Operational safety provided by integrated DC isolator switch

l Real-time monitoring of string performance using reliable shunt measurement techniques with high temperature-stable measurement precision of 0.5%

l Dependable string protection provided by gPV plug-in fuses, flexibly configured for both PV+ and PV-, or just PV+

l Adaptable surge protection, using Combi Type 1+2 for high-risk installations or

skytron® energy launches redesigned smart combiner box for economic operation in PV power plants

Type 2 for medium-risk conditions, compliant with local lightning protection standards

l Industry-standard data communication based on CAN fieldbus technology

l Fully integrated monitoring of all critical conditions: tripping of surge protector, on/off status of DC isolator switch, cabinet temperature

l Low cost operation ensured by efficient power management with 24 V dc supply over CAN bus and low power consumption at 1.5 W max.

l Optimised cabinet layout providing efficient heat dissipation and prevention of condensation in humid climates

l Long service life outdoors ensured by rugged cabinet design using UV-resistant polycarbonate material

l Straightforward installation, DC connection and maintenance provided by optimised mounting kit, clear terminal fixings, and easily replaceable plug-in string fuses

These standard built-in features can

be expanded by additional functions such

as remote OFF for additional fire safety on

rooftop installations, external DC isolator

switch mounted on the front panel, 1500VDC

operation or 32 string inputs, UL certification

for the US market.

When combined with skytron’sPVGuard®

control room software for remote plant

supervision, ArrayGuard® combiner boxes

with their integrated monitoring function

ensure high resolution visualization of plant

and string performance. This combination

helps provide comprehensive remote plant

diagnostics, optimising O & M performance

for maximum plant uptime and improved

yield.

For fur ther information on

skytron’sArrayGuard® smart combiner boxes,

please contact [email protected]

About skytron® energy GmbH

Berlin-based skytron® energy has been

developing integrated monitoring, control

and supervision systems for photovoltaic

installations since 1977. Now one of the

leading suppliers in the industry, specializing

in utility-scale PV installations, it has installed

monitoring systems in more than 600 plants

having a total capacity of over 4 GWp.

As one of the technological leaders

in its field, skytron® energy has received

a number of prestigious awards, including

the highly coveted InterSolar Award for its

“PVGuard®” Supervision Platform as well

as for its “StringGuard®” string current

measurement system.

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EQ : How many MW’s of Solar Inverters have been supplied by your co in India and how does the future look?

AK : ABB India Limited entered the solar inverter business in India in the second half of 2010with the grid type central inverter as the key product.Our inverters are energy efficient and have been quite a success in the market. In the last 2 years we have been among the top players in the market and we command a very good market share. We have already supplied more than 200 MW in India and have another 300 MW under execution.

EQ : Please enlighten our readers on the unique technology aspect of these inverters installed in India and its performance.

AK : Recently we introduced the 875 kW and 1000KW inverter and have already booked substantial orders for the latter.ABB solar inverters have been popular for its many user friendly features, one such unique feature being the single handed replacement of inverter module at remote site in 10minutes due to wheels provided for easy racking-in rack-out.

ABB has deep roots in India. The 50 years we have spent in the country has helped us adjust our products better to local needs, apart from having an extended service centernetwork for effective after sales services.

EQ : Please enlighten our readers on the debate of “Central vs. String Inverters Design” Which concept is best suited for India and why

Ajay KawadikarVice President and Country Head Solar ISI -ABB LTD.

AK : This is a very common debate and each side has its own merits and demerits based on how and where it is used.

In the Indian context, MW-scale utility PV commercial projects have attracted more investment and focus. For plant sizes >1 MW it makes more technological and commercial sense to go for grid tied central inverters, as it reduces overall cost without effecting efficiency.Reliable inverters currently available in the market make a good grid tied central solution easily available and the cost of string inverter is much higherfor similar MW requirements.

In case of residential >10kw and commercial rooftop >1MW projects,string inverters for the better option as it reduces risk of major power loss, DC cabling, inverter rooms etc.

With acquisition of PowerOne, ABB has a strong portfolio in both central as well as string inverters to offer.

EQ : Please tell us in detail about your company (Company structure, Sales, Employees, Products & Solutions etc…)

AK : ABB is a global leader in power and automation technologies. Based in Zurich, Switzerland, the company employs 145,000 people and operates in over 100

countries. The firm’s shares are traded on the stock exchanges of Zurich, Stockholm and New York. Today, ABB is a major supplier of industrial motors and drives, provider of generators to the wind industry, and the largest supplier of power grids worldwide.ABB’s business is comprised of five divisions that are in turn organized in relation to the customers and industries we serve. These are namely: Power Products, Power Systems, Discrete Power and Automation, Low voltage Products, Power Automation. Many of the technologies that underlie our modern society, from high-voltage DC power transmission to a revolutionary approach to ship propulsion, were developed or commercialized by ABB.

EQ : What are the other products and solutions for Solar PVplant provided by your co and what are its technological features.

AK : Except for solar modules and cables, ABB offers complete solution for solar PV plant, be it string monitoring/combiner boxes, inverters, low/medium/high voltage switchgear, transformers,tracker automation, SCADA, sub-station and turnkey Engineering, Procurement, Construction / Balance of Systems /Electrical Balance of Plant solutions. ABB’s engagement goes beyond


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project execution and includes consultancy and operation and maintenance services.

EQ : What are the resources in terms of manpower for sales, O&M and other aspects developed and present in the Indian market.

AK : ABB India operates 12 manufacturing units, has 23 marketing offices, four training centres, eight service centres, three logistics warehouses, two power and automation engineering centres. India also housesone of ABB’s largest R&D centres. We are listed on BSE and NSE.

EQ : Please tell us about the unique technological features of your products which are also distinguishing factors.

AK : Our inverters are energy efficient and have been quite a success in the market. As mentioned earlier recently we introduced the 875 kWand 1000 kWinverter and have already booked orders for 1000kW.

In India, ABB gathers strength from two things. Over five decades in the country has helped ABB develop deep roots in India. The company has 12 manufacturing plants and a significant installed base. Solar plants are built to perform for 20- 25 years and people believe in ABB; that ABB is, was and will be there to look after their plant. Our products are diverse while being very comprehensive. Like I said, barring module and cable, we can produce anything along the solar value chain. That is what differentiates us from our competitors. Also, we understand our customers better and provide a single point for solutions – through our Industry Sector Initiative (ISI) - for solar from across our various businesses.

EQ : Kindly enlighten us on the ongoing R&D within the company and the way forward

for its technology, products and services.What’s your annual R&D budget

AK : ABB is a technology company where R&D is a continuous process through which we bring new innovations through our products and solutions. In India, we have ABB’s largest R&D centre with more than 1000 engineers on the job. ABB invests a lot on R&D efforts.

EQ : Kindly highlight the recent trends in your company sales, profitability and other key financial figures.

AK : Link to Press Release: http://www.abb.co.in/cawp/seitp202/d0689aeff7b88eeb65257bc2001859db.aspx

EQ : Have your products won any award recently….Kindly enlighten us in detail about this product

AK : ABB has strong commitment towards clean energy initiatives. The company’s commitment and efforts towards sustainability have been recognized through two prestigious awards during the year:

ABB VI, Nashik plant was recognized in the Silver Category at the 13th Annual Greentech Environment Excellence Award 2012 for the Engineering sector

The Golden Peacock Global Award for Sustainability in recognition of ABB’s sustainability efforts.

EQ : Development of Micro-Inverters and its implication towards development of solar Pv market, its applications and usage…Kindly describe in detail regarding micro inverters

AK : The Indian solar power market is estimated to reach 12.6GW bythe end of 2016, driven by growing demand.This will also likely attract significant investments from global industry players. Sales of micro-inverters is expected to increasein the coming years led by growing demand in foreign markets, according to IHS’ latest research. Micro-inverters

convert direct current (DC) electricity from a single solar module into alternating current (AC). Though micro-invertersmay be priced higher than conventional inverters, their energy output is higher than the conventional string of central inverter devices, which convert power from multiple solar panels.

EQ : Whats your view on the Indian Policy Framework and one piece of advise you would like to give to the government

AK : The government – both central and state have done a commendable job in creating solar revolution and achieving some early success.However,there needs to be a pick up in momentum and for that support from the government is necessary. We feel effective implementation of renewable purchase obligation or solar purchase obligation, National Solar Mission phase-II and net metering policy will help significantly.

EQ : What is your Top 5 Advice to a Project Developer in India while choosing the your products for its Solar PV Plant

AK : Based on our global experience in solar segment we can say 1) planning , 2) engineering , 3) partnering , 4)execution and 5)operation and maintenance, are the key parameters for long term success.

EQ : Kindly enlighten us on the competition scenario and increasing competition from manufacturers worldwide

AK : The market is quite competitive and currently established qualifying criteria, specifications or norms are few. In case of modules - 55% of total cost - supply still exceeds demand. Chinese players and falling power purchasing agreementrates are causing additional strain on PV value chain.The upside is that buyers are evolving and selecting reliable products with efficient life cycle support.

Key figures:

Rupees in crores

Q2 2013 Q2 2012 H1 2013 H1 2012

Orders 1731 2045 3262 3709

Revenues 1720 1858 3674 3631

Profit before tax 61 77 125 148

Profit before tax % 3.6 4.1 3.4 4.1

Profit after tax 40 52 83 99

Profit after tax % 2.3 2.8 2.3 2.7

Operational EBITDA* 111 87 239 197

Operational EBITDA% 6.4 4.7 6.5 5.4



R. Rajesh-Managing DirectorHensel Electric India Pvt Ltd

Felix G. Hensel -Managing partner ofGustav Hensel GmbH & Co. KG

Grids in building installations are generally grounded. That means, in the event of an electric fault a

protective device interrupts the supply in the circuit, for example by MCB or MCCB.

The DC power grid from photovoltaic

systems (installation between PV module and

solar inverter) is not grounded and therefore

requires special measures to protect against

electrical shock.

How is the protection against electric shock guaranteed in photovoltaic systems on the DC side?

IEC 60 364-7-712 requires for the installation of photovoltaic (PV) power supply systems:

Equipment standard

712.511.1

... The PV array junction boxes, PV generator junction boxes and swtichgear

A strong requirement of the IEC standard for protection against electric shock in PV plants.

Array Junction Boxes & Must Be Total Insulated!

assemblies shall be in compliance with IEC 60 439-1 (Since 2010: IEC 61 439-1).

Protection measures

712.413.2

Protection by use of class II or equivalent insulation should preferably be adopted on the DC side.

Why does IEC 60 364-7-

712 require protection class II () for PV array junction boxes?

In grounded systems a earth fault short circuit current flows through the protective device and leads to a switch-off.

On the DC side of a PV installation, the maximum short circuit current is the same as the maximum operating current. This means that devices for protection against electric

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shock, such as MCB or fuses, don‘t trip, because the residual current is too low.

As a consequence the protection against electric shock is not guaranteed in the event of an electrical fault.

Total insulated equipment ensure the protection against electric shock by encapsulating a possible electric fault by double or reinforced insulation.

In general, total insulated enclosures (equipment of protection class II) fulfil this requirement.

This standard specifies requirements and tests that will be placed on an ar-ray junction box (AJB), particulary with respect to the required total insulation.

IEC 61439-1 requirements, clause 8.4.3.4 for total insulation

l 1st The apparatus shall be completely enclosed in insulating material which is equivalent of double or reinforced insulation.

l 2nd The enclosure shall carry the symbol & which shall be visible from the outside.

l 3rd The enclosure shall at no point be pierced by conducting parts in such a manner that there is the possibility of a fault voltage being brought out of the enclosure.

l 4th The enclosure shall give at least the degree of protection IP 2XC (see IEC 60529).

l 5th The enclosure must be accessible only via the use of tools in order to ensure the protection against unintentional contact of accessible live parts and the exposed conductive parts that are only accessible

after the cover has been opened.

Testing of enclosures made of insulating material in accordance with IEC 61439-1, 10.9.4

For assemblies with enclosures made of insulating material, an additional dielectric test shall be carried out.

The test voltage has the following values , for example:

Max. PV operating voltage

test voltage

690-800 V DC 4,245 V

800-100 V DC 4,665 V

Hensel array junction boxes are total insulated and ensure the protection against electric shock!Installation of total insulated array junction boxes in photovoltaic systems according to IEC standards:


B. T. Ajwani & Mr.R.V.Girish from Meridian green energy International Ltd, Hong Kong

As global consciousness is increasing towards reducing carbon foot print, Photovoltaic technologies play a

significant role along with other renewable technologies available in the world. Today’s photovoltaic (PV) industry is growing at a rapid rate and every nation is waking up to this challenge with Government policy initiatives to bring solar generated electricity towards grid parity with in this decade, but the industry would grow even at a faster rate if costs could be reduced for both the

High Concentrated Photo Voltaics (HCPV) Technology For Solar Grid Connected & Offgrid Power Generation

final products and the capital investment required for scale-up.

One strategy for reducing module cost is to reduce the amount of semiconductor material needed (the cost of the silicon solar cells typically comprises more than one-half of the module cost). Many companies are thinning the silicon wafers to reduce costs incrementally; others use thin-film coatings on low-cost substrates (such as amorphous/microcrystalline silicon, cadmium telluride, or copper gallium indium diselenide on glass or other substrates).

Concentrated Photo Voltaic (CPV) is one such effort in this direction and uses concentrating optics to focus the light onto tiny cells, the size of the cell can be as low as 4mm x 4mm. The optics may be designed for low or high concentration. Low-concentration optics (LCPV) use silicon cells & high-concentration optics (HCPV) adopt Triple Junction solar cells made of materials such as InGaP/InGaAs/Ge .

The efficiency of the best GaAs solar cells surpassed that of silicon solar cells, and in the 1990s GaAs solar cells took over from silicon as the cell type most commonly used for Photovoltaic arrays for satellite applications. Later, dual- and triple-junction solar cells based on GaAs with germanium

and indium gallium phosphide layers were developed as the basis of a triple junction solar cell which held a record efficiency of over 32% and can operate also with light as concentrated as 2,000 suns. This kind of solar cell powers the rovers Spirit and Opportunity, which are exploring Mars surface.

Recently, Triple Junction solar cells have been reaching increasingly impressive efficiencies, inspiring new interest in the high-efficiency, high-concentration approach. The third Generation solar cell, Triple junction compound photovoltaics, enjoys its long-term development under NASA’s Space Programs.

Starting few years back, the Triple junction solar cells are being re-engineered for terrestrial uses on earth. Concentrating optics both primary Fresnel lens at a focal distance from the cell and Secondary optics positioned right on top of the cells are adopted to take the advantage of high efficiency. Till date 42.3% energy conversion of solar radiation has been realized with Triple junction solar cells and very recently the record efficiency is 44.7% has been achieved for four-junction solar cells in the laboratory.

Theoritically more than 68% of solar energy can be converted to electrical energy

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by adding multiple Junctions on currently developed 3 or 4 junction Solar cells and having specific junction responding to particular wave length of solar radiation.

Triple junction solar cell has intrinsic advantage of ability to convert solar energy in to electricity from the entire three spectrums (Infrared, Visible & Ultraviolet) and can achieve higher energy output (CUF) in comparision to Mono/poly crystalline silicon or Amorphous Thin film technologies.

Concentrator Photo Voltaic is one of important technology base for grid and off grid power generation and has been recognized and with relevant industry technical standards such as IEC62108 for CPV modules

High concentration photo voltaics (HCPV)

High concentration photovoltaic’s (HCPV) systems employ concentrating optics consisting of fresnel lenses that concentrate sunlight to intensities of 300 suns or more. The solar cells require high-capacity heat sinks to prevent thermal destruction and to manage temperature related performance losses. Multijunction solar cells are currently favored over silicon as they are more efficient.

Multijunction solar cells, originally designed for non-concentrating space-based satellites, have been re-designed due to the high-current density encountered with CPV (typically 8 A/cm2 at 500 suns). Though the cost of multijunction solar cells is roughly 100 times that of comparable silicon cells, the cell cost remains a small fraction of the cost of the overall concentrating PV system, so the system economics might still favor the Multi junction cells in coming years.

Thermal management of High concentration photo voltaic cells

Thermal management of cell is very critical to enhance the lifetime of Multi junction solar cells more than 20 years and hence lot of research and development has yielded advanced materials which can with stand 2000 suns concentration with passive cooling such as proper selection of materials for module design and heat sink for quick dissipation.

For large scale power generation the High Concentrated photovoltaic module design can be managed with passive cooling even in High Direct Noraml Irradiance (DNI) locations such as India, Africa & Middle East and hence do not require water unlike solar thermal power generation.

HCPV as an integrated technology with Dual axis sun tracker as a array.

HCPV Technology mandates the use of Dual axis sun tracker and hence has an advantage over fixed solar technologies due to higher energy collection per day and enhanced power generation due to cell conversion efficiency of more than 40% and Module efficiency of 32% and above. The dual axis sun tracker is essential to keep the concentration on to the solar cell throughout the day from sunrise to sunset. The dual axis sun trackers has been designed to position the cells in synchronization with sun movement daily(Azimuth Angle) and also including seasonal variation of sun movement ( Pitch Angle ).

Dual axis sun trackers can be scalable designs with as low as 1m² to 16m² suitable for off-grid applications and as high as 50m² to 100 m² suitable for large grid connected power generation plants.

Cell Energy conversion efficiency comparison of various solar Photovoltaic Technologies


Typical 4mmX4mm 10mmX10mm HCPV cell assembly 42 Cell HCPV Module

Various User applications of High concentration photo voltaic technology

Various advantages of High concentration photo voltaic (HCPV) technology

• MaturetechnologyusedbyNASAovermorethan20Years.• 40%lessarearequiredtosetupongroundorrooftopapplications

in comparison to Mono/Poly or Thin film Silicon technology.• IndividualcellsinaHCPVmodulearerepairableifrequired.• Simplemaintenanceandlowcost• RapidROIandgoodpaybackperiod• HigherCapacityUtilizationfactor(CUF)• LowercelldegradationfactoryearonyearcomparedtoSiliconcells

and efficiency is least effected by increase in ambient atmospheric temperature

• Doublelandusage,thelandbelowthepanelareacanbeutilizedforcultivation.

• Newgenerationhigherefficiencychipcan be easily implanted in place of old generation chip technology.

Meridian Green energy International Limited

Meridian Green Energy International Ltd. Hong Kong & Meridian Green energy Pvt. Ltd. India is engaged in design, engineering, manufacturing and installation and technical support for solar high concentrated photovoltaic (HCPV) products and solutions for home and utility scale applications, thanks to seamless HCPV technology integration by our associate who are one of the leading manufacturers of germanium single crystal based ingot and wafers and also the Triple junction solar cell assembly which is a very key component of HCPV modules. HCPV modules will be further integrated with dual axis sun trackers and balance of system to generate green power.

Meridian Green Energy International Ltd. is working on a mission to empower people with green and clean technologies and in particular to harness the energy of the sun is working on development of state of the art grid connected and off grid solar solutions with high concentrated photovoltaic (HCPV) technology.

Eco-solar Technology application centre at Manyata Tech Park, Bangalore

HCPV off-grid & Grid connected Solar applications live demonstration can now be witnessed at eco-solar technology application centre being set up by volunteers and Environment conservation enthusiasts now at Manyata Tech park in Bangalore city .


Jyoti Dar, DirectorKuvam Energy Pvt. Ltd.

India’s electricity sector has become fifth largest in the world with an installed capacity of 211.766 GW as

on January 2013. Even though with such a huge generation capacity, over one third of India’s rural population and 6% of the urban population do not have access to electricity. Of those who did have access to electricity in India, the supply was intermittent and unreliable. Kuvam Micro-grids estimate the unmet demand for energy generation and supply services to be Rs. 200 Billion with an addition of 1200GW by 2050.

The energy shortage is most acute among India’s rural poor and the majority of them still rely on conventional and traditional fuels for their energy needs. Lack of energy access affects all walks of life, ranging from childcare, to subsistence agriculture, to earning a living. Unavailability of electricity has an effect on productivity, health, education, availability of safe water and communication services. In recent years decentralised source of energy have gained popularity especially in rural and remote areas. The success of this model is largely dependent on insightful perceptive of the issues at the grass root level along with understanding of the government policies.

Kuvam Micro-grid envisions creating access to clean, reliable and affordable electricity for people in rural and urban areas. Having very closely observed the development of different promotional mechanisms such as the JNNSM and Renewable Energy Credit mechanism as well as the changing trend of the component prices, Kuvam has been able to formalize a strategic approach towards the application of Solar Photo-Voltaic technology in India.

Kuvam started its operations with micro-grids from West Champaran district of Bihar. More than 400 households have been provided with a 24 hour electricity connection. The electricity has been generated through solar energy and distributed through a micro-grid based on pre-paid metering model. Kuvam boasts of having 99% repayment rate by the consumers and 100% electricity theft elimination through its unique model. Kuvam’s

Kuvam Bihar Initiative

business model is one of the most profitable in solar industry with lowest establishment and maintenance cost. It has succeeded in developing a high return and low risk model to provide scalable and reliable electricity to the target households. Actually Kuvam with its partners has implemented the only successful return based micro-grids in India involving community participation and works on a model that does not depend on subsidy being provided by the government

Kuvam has installed Solar PV plants that pump power into local micro-grids. This has enabled energy access in form of reliable, affordable and green electricity to villages which historically have never had electricity. The electricity from the micro-grids is distributed to houses by setting up distribution infrastructure (pre-paid meters, poles and wires). When a household signs up for the electricity connection, Kuvam’s team installs the wires and pre-paid meters in the house. People pay for the service and accordingly get the stipulated amount of electricity. The electricity is stored in batteries so that each household has electricity for full day and can be used as and when needed. The user just has to tap a switch to get the light and can even charge mobile phones from the prepaid meter. This rural electrification programme through off-grid solar PV installations is getting tremendous response. A 24/7 helpline has been setup to cater to the query and complaints of the users. Kuvam also provided 2 LED bulbs along with 1 mobile phone charging point to all the user households which has never been done by any other microgrid player.

Kuvam has invested in energy efficient product manufacturing so as to provide these products like Pre-paid Meters, LED Lights, Low Wattage TV, No electricity Fridge, Li Ion battery at affordable rates directly to the users. Kuvam has chosen to create long term infrastructure in the villages as against dumping of products. These products have further enhanced the quality of life.

The locals have been trained to operate and maintain the micro grid systems. Kuvam’s strategy to bring local brains and expertise

to support their village development has inculcated a sense of ownership among the locals. This has in turn on one hand helped Kuvam in strengthening its roots and gaining trust of the local community while on the other created job opportunities for the lowest rung of population.

Kuvam further addresses energy needs of participating users with benefits including reduced energy costs, increased overall energy efficiency, improved environmental performance and local electric system reliability. Bringing electricity to rural areas that never may see the grid is a great boon to both people’s quality of life and the region’s economy, thus Kuvam model helps rural consumers bypass conventional grid supplies and also costs less than the monthly expense on kerosene. Regular supply of energy has enabled availability of clean drinking water to the BOP household as well as facilitated use of modern electric devices. The Extended light-hours to the household have been instrumental in improving the labour productivity and provide support to agricultural and allied activities. It has also lead to gender empowerment as the womenfolk have become independent and are contributing to the household income. Availability of electricity has ensured reduction in crime rate especially crime against women. Earlier the village life would come to a standstill after sunset but now the whole scenario has undergone a major change.

Kuvam’s technology not only supports lighting and phone charging, but also pioneers in services such as community entertainment centres by providing projectors which can be used for knowledge dissemination to the BOP households. Kuvam‘s transparent processes, investment in education and health, no political influence has made the efforts for inclusive growth and development of BOP households successful.

Kuvam is trying to replicate its model and planning to scale up its projects especially in the states of Bihar, Jharkhand and Uttar Pradesh.

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Dwipen Boruah - Managing DirectorGSES India Sustainable Energy Pvt. Ltd.,

Global Sustainability Energy Solutions (GSES),an internationally recognised engineering consultancy, education

and training provider in the Renewable Energy (RE) Innovation and Technology sector has introduced an online training course on ‘Grid Connected PV System Design’ as a part of its clean energy education programme in India. This training course is nationally recognised by the Clean Energy Council (CEC) of Australia as a part of skills set under the Australian Electro technology training package.

The three months online certificate course is specifically designed to address the fast growing Indian Solar Market. With a fully flexible web-based format, the online course allows students to complete the theory in their own time. GSES has a team of tutors who mark the online work and as necessary provide feedback or additional technical information to the students. GSES’ tutors are also available to be contacted by phone or email during the course period.

Course Outline:

1. Introduction and OH&S 2. Electrical Basics3. Solar Radiation4. PV Cells5. Inverters6. PV Mounting Systems7. Balance of System Equipment8. Energy Efficiency 9. Site Assessments10. Matching Array & Inverter11. System Protection12. Cable Sizing13. Losses & System Yield 14. System Installation15. System Commissioning16. Maintenance & Troubleshooting17. Economics of GC PV Systems18. Design Tasks19. Final Exam

Course Review:

The comprehensive online training course provides detailedtechnical informationand step-by-step methodology for designing a grid connected photovoltaic (PV) systems.

Grid Connected PV System Design

The course covers fundamentals of solar PV system, descriptions of the different components, sizing a system and matching different components. It also includes methods and approach on conducting site surveys of potential installations, system installation, troubleshooting, maintenance and the economics of grid-connected PV systems. The course is designed around relevant Indian and international standards relating to grid connected solar systems.

The resource materials provided under the course is highly illustrative and explanations are made with the help of case studies and working examples. The course has 17 topics as mentioned in the course outline above and all these topics are presented in a meticulous way so that the trainees learn and practice all aspects of designing a grid-connected solar systems. Each of these topics consists of illustrative reading materials, working examples for study followed byquizzes and exercises to be practiced.The quizzes and exercises are of multiple choices, numerical, matching type, short answers and sometime essay type.The

participant has to complete the assignments one by one to move ahead to the next topics of the course.This helps the participants to clearly understand the technical issues required to work on the next topic of the course.

The first few topics of the course are designed to help the beginners to understand about solar irradiation and peak sun hours, sun path diagram, position of the sun, solar altitude, geometric effects, tilting solar modules, electrical integration of PV modules and method of combining the modules to configure an array etc. Types and characteristics of solar cells including power characteristics, performance, electrical protection and reliability issues are discussed in details which provides essential engineering and scientific knowledge to the designers. This includes a topic on inverter covering types of inverters, efficiency, inverter protection systems, power quality, monitoring and selection of inverters.

The highly illustrative topic on mounting structure covers different types of mounting systems suitable for different type of roofs

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www.EQMagLive.com

and ground, PV array row spacing calculating wind loading for solar array for different regions of India.

The course covers the methodology and technical requirement for designing and selection of all key balance of system components including all DC and AC cablings, protection and disconnect switches – fuses, isolators and/or circuit breakers, lightning protection, PV array DC isolator and inverter AC isolator, metering and system monitoring.

The course contains step by step methodology to undertake site assessment to determine energy efficient initiatives, occupational health and safety (OHS) risks when working on that particular site, solar radiation and shading analysis, how the PV modules will be mounted, positioning of inverter and cable layout planning.

Matching of array and inverter is of utmost importance for better performance of a grid connected PV system. The designer needs to ensure that these components match in terms of voltage, current and power during seasonal change in operating temperature of solar array. The coursecovers this aspect quite elaborately with several working examples and case studies.

The course meticulously covers the forms of protection used within a photovoltaic array, the method of determining whether fault current protection is required and the sizing of fault current protection. Similarly sizing and selection of DC and AC cable is also covered in the course with a number of working examples.

The course covers methodology and steps to evaluate energy yield and performance ratio of a PV system considering losses from different factors like temperature, soiling, shading, manufacturer’s tolerance, voltage drop through AC and DC cabling, inverter, tilt and orientation of the solar modules.

At the end of the course the participants have to carryout a complete design assignment with given site and climatic information, equipment data sheets and economic consideration of prevailing market.

Overall, the online certificate course on ‘Grid Connected PV System Design’ is a well structured course highly recommended for solar PV professionals and students to adopt best practices in designing a grid connected PV system.

Feedback from

participants:

“The course has been of great help to me, not only in providing insights of the solar PV system but also in assessing the importance of various parameters/factors that affect the performance of system. As a consultant, I deal with the policy and regulatory issues of the solar PV, but after going through the book and the online content to the course, I believe that I am better equipped at understanding the needs of the PV project and basically the nitty-gritty of the project.”

Vaibhav SinghConsultant – PwCPricewaterhouseCoopers Pvt. Ltd.,

Gurgaon, India

“Overall this course has given me full understanding on the basic theory of Grid-connected Photovoltaic Power System Design, installation procedures as well as protection devices needed.”

Soon SiewSuanIndependent ConsultantKuala Lumpur, Malaysia

“I was so happy on starting Grid Connected PV systems course, I really appreciate the curriculum and I learn a lot from the course, even if I am in the middle of the course, I am so interested in it. I also will inform to my friends to take this course, especially your help is so great to understand the course”

Samson Tsegaye,Country Director, StiftungSolarenergie - Solar Energy

FoundationAddis Ababa, Ethiopia

Certification:

The content of the course meets the requirement of the Australian Clean Energy Council’s Design Grid Connected Photovoltaic Power Systems Accreditation and student will receive a certificate from GSES Australia on successful completion of the course. GSES also connect/ recommend its student to respective industries for placement after successful completion of trainings.


Varun Goel - Sr Manager Solar DivisionDEHN India Pvt Ltd

“Concentrating on the essentials without compromisingsafety“ means reliable products with economic benefits. This has been a working principle for DEHN + SOHNE, Germany since more than a hundred years now and this principle has lead them to come up with technological advanced solutions, and not just products, from time to time.

With its excessive research and real time field data, DEHN has delivered a state of the art Short Circuit Interruption (SCI) technology arresters specifically designed for photovoltaic installations. The PV installations (Roof top or ground mounted) are exposed to all types of weather conditions and must withstand such conditions over decades in order to safe guard the investment and reap monetary benefits as per the pre calculated ROI, DEHN products meets this customer requirement with reliability and ease.

The total capacity of the PV system – be it a roof mounted system or large scale solar park – can easily be determined by means of the number of inverters. From a surge protection point of view, this means a high number of DC circuits to be protected.

The cabling and connections involved in such installations usually runs through structures and extends over long distances until it reaches the connection points.

Lightning discharge causes induced and conducted electrical interferences. This effect increases in direct relation to the increasing cable lengths or conductor loops. Surge not only deteriorates the PV components like

DEHN Short Circuit Interruption Technology for PV Installations.

inverters, modules and monitoring electronics but may also damagehousehold devices in the domestic installations (in case of roof top systems).

The energy released by a lightning discharge is one of the most frequent causes of fire so it is of utmost importance and necessity to safe guard the PV installation and operating personals from fire hazards and damages.

A right “Lightning & Surge Protection solution” for Solar / PV installations is “a

must“as these installations are in exposed environment, specially Panels & Modules which are either on the roof top or in open ground and full of conductors due to mounting frames and structures which are made of metal, therefore chances of Lightning strikes are much more in comparison to any other indoor installations.

Once the Lightning Strikes the Solar / PV installations or in the vicinity of a site, it may cause following damages: 1. Fire at site 2. Burning of Solar modules 3. Damage to Solar PV Modules / Panels 4. Damage to Inverter 5. Damage to Solar Charge Controller 6. Damage to services Any damage may cause discontinuity in services / loss of revenue and danger to human safety. It is necessary to determine the risk of damage posed by a lightning strike as per IEC 62305 and take the results into account for design and right

selection of surge protection devices. Hence External lightning and surge protection of the Solar – PV installations is important to be considered.

Moreover, PV installations come with peculiar characteristicse.g.

(1.) The current in PV systems is DC, so no zero crossing is available for switching off the possible arc outbreaks.

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(2.) The If or the Fault Current of PV system is almost equal to Operating Current or In as the PV modules are already operating at maximum efficiency.

(3.) It operates usually on high current and high voltages.

(4). Current depends upon intensity of radiation.

With a narrow width of modules and a clamping range of 1.5 mm2 to 35 mm2, the mechanical design of DEHN SCI products is ideally suited for protecting inverters and combiner boxes. Since the terminals are located on only one side of the device, more space is created for further installations. Moreover, the terminals are clearly labelled.

The SCI technology with the combined disconnection and short-circuiting device is the core of the arrester. PV SPD has to have a SAFE DISCONNECTION mechanism meant for any irradiation level for DC current and mere THERMAL DISCONNECTOR is not sufficient, as in AC arresters. The PV SPD is supposed to handle the short circuit current of the PV Generator in case of overload in order to avoid the possible fire hazards due to DC ARC. This is now the requirement of EN-50539 standards too. It is therefore important to look for Short circuit withstand capability of the SPD (like we check breaking capacity of switchgear in AC circuits) while making the right selection of SPD.

Every SPD has an end of life and indicators are provided to observe the health of the SPD. These indicators are normally connected with a Thermal disconnector. But thermal Disconnector does not provide the required short circuit withstand capability (for PV DC applications) and pose a huge risk of fire to the whole combiner box or inverter as the arrester may not be safely disconnected and the DC switching arc maynot be extinguished during end of life.

Sometimes, in order to avoid this scenario, PV rated series fuses are recommended – but this is like “fog in the mirror situation’ as fuse rating has to be matched with surge current as well as full spectrum of irradiation- which is simply not possible. (E.g. Higher rated fuse may not blow during morning time when current is less!!).

Thus the arrester itself has to have an in built short circuit interruption mechanism apart from mere thermal disconnector (or thermal fuse),so as to call it as FIRE SAFE SPD.A SCI SPD from DEHN has an inbuilt bypass parallel fuse with low current rating and high breaking capacity. This fuse comes into the picture to take on the arc current created due to operation of Thermal Disconnector. Thus Thermal Disconnector PLUS bypass fuse provides safe disconnection to higher PV currents and brings the SPD in safe state on end of life. This implies a lot of safety related highlights e.g.

(a.) DC arc created due to the operation of thermal disconnector gets diverted onto the fuse and gets quenched inside the module without causing any harm to the other neighbouring devices due to fire spread possibilities.

(b.) Being a continuous / uncontrolled DC source (The SUN) at high voltages, the DC arc gets continuously fed by the PV current from the modules. At such a time if an end of life behaviour of Metal Oxide Varistor (MOV) was to happen, the fire spread would be uncontrolled. To avoid this, SCI plays a very important role by diverting this arc to the additional inbuilt by pass fuse circuit and thus quenching it safely. This enables the maintenance staff to replace the finished device with a new one at any time of the day,and continue the regular operation without any wastage of the generation.

(c.) To know the stage of the device, a visual indication which is purely mechanical in nature is provided on the device which turns RED once the end of life cycle of the device has been performed. This indicates that it is time to replace the device.

(d.) The life check can also be monitored by using the remote monitoring feature of the device which can be clubbed with a visual / audio signal and routed on with a SCADA system to the monitoring room for easier accountability.

The DEHN devices are tested to the latest EN 50539-11 and have a short-circuit current rating Iscpv as per the required application. They are available for voltages of 600 V / 1000 V and 1200 Volts.

Since the products are based on heavy-duty varistors which are permanently connected to the DC circuit by means of a fault-resistant Y circuit, it increases the reliability and longevity of PV systems.

Impulse currents up to 40 kA (8/20 μs) can be handled. Moreover, small voltage peaks which would reduce the service life of electronic devices of the PV systemsare limited.

The devices feature an operating-current-free operating state and fault mechanical indication which immediatelyprovides information on the availabilityof each protective circuit.


Nakul Thombre, Ratika singh Rawat, Priyanka Rana, Umashankar S-School of Electrical Engineering, VIT University, Vellore, Tamilnadu, India

Solar energy is one of the important renewable energy sources. The output of the PV solar cell is DC. It

has to convert into AC before connecting it to the grid. So to get distortion-less, ripple free AC waveform, MLI plays an important role. Subsequently, many topologies of MLI are developed and studied. They are generally classified into:

• Flying-capacitorinverter

• Diode-clampedinverter

• CascadedH-bridgeinverter

From these inverter topologies cascaded H-Bridge multilevel inverter is widely used. In symmetric MLI all the DC voltage sources used are of equal magnitude, whereas in asymmetric MLI magnitudes of DC voltage sources are unequal.

In the asymmetric topologies, the values of DC voltage sources magnitudes are

This article introduces new topology of cascaded multilevel inverter, with considerable reduction in the number of switches and DC voltage sources. The proposed topology is based on asymmetrical multilevel inverter which produces 21 levels of output with the use of 11 unidirectional switches, 3 diodes and 4 DC voltage sources. The advantages of this topology are reduction in the number of switches (2 nos.) and gate driver circuits (2 nos.), reduction in the number of DC sources (2 nos.) also cost, complexity, and space required for hardware is reduced without sacrificing the quality output of the inverter. To validate the proposed topology the circuit is simulated and verified by using MATLAB/Simulink

A New Cascaded 21 Level Inverter with reduced number of switches and DC sources for Grid Connected Solar PV system

unequal. By giving proper switching sequence to the gate driver circuits, desired number of output voltage levels can be obtained. So the number of power electronic components required will be reduced as compared to that of MLI with symmetrical DC voltage sources. Hence overall cost, size and complexity of

the circuit will also be reduced and reliability improves. As DC voltage magnitudes are unequal, the variation between the voltage stress across each switch is more. So variety of ratings of switches is more.

The proposed topology has been

Fig. 1 Schematic of 21 Level Inverter

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lesser than that of existing topology to get the same number of levels. So proposed topology has successfully reduced the number of switches and DC sources, without sacrificing the quality of output voltage.

Table 1. Maximum blocking voltages of switches in existing and proposed topology Following table shows comparison between existing and proposed topology:

Table 2. Comparison between existing and proposed topology

SIMULATION RESULTS

Proposed circuit is validated on MATLAB/Simulink platform. IGBT in parallel with the series RC snubber circuit is used as a switch. The magnitudes of DC voltage sources taken are 10V, 20V, 30V, 40V. Load resistance is 10 Ohm. Repeating sequence block is used to generate the switching sequence. Pulse generators are used to give pulses to the H - bridge. Fig 3 shows the circuit diagram of proposed topology. Fig shows the 21 level output of the inverter. Fig shows THD content in the output. It is 12.69%.

successful in significantly reducing the switch count and no. of DC voltage sources. It consists of four asymmetrical DC voltage sources for 21 levels. Increments in the DC voltage sources are in the fashion n, 2n, 3n, 4n.... Where n = lowest DC voltage source magnitude. All switches used are unidirectional. The figure shows proposed topology. In figure S8, S9, S10, S11 are used to form H-bridge of inverter that produces positive and negative output voltage. S8, S11 will conduct during the positive half cycle of the output and S9, S10 will conduct during the negative half cycle of the output. S1-S7 are used to generate 21 levels of output.

Proposed topology follows one relation between number of output voltage levels and number of DC sources. The relation is,

Nlevel = NDC (NDC+1) + 1Where, Nlevel= Number of levels, NDC=

Number of DC sources.

Following graph shows comparison between existing topology and proposed topology. Graph 1 shows relation between

No. of Levels and No. of switches among the proposed topology and the two existing topologies (topology 1 and topology2) [1]. It can be seen that No. of switches required to proposed topology is lesser than that of existing topology to generate the same number of levels of output voltage. Also graph2 shows relation between no. of levels and no. of DC voltage sources. No. of DC voltage required by the proposed topology is

Fig. 3. Chart represents No. of Levels Vs No. of DC sources

PROPOSED TOPOLOGY

EXISTING TOPOLOGY

Switch Maximum blocking voltage

Switch Maximum blocking voltage

S1 30V S1,1 40V

S2 20V S2,1 20V

S3 20V S3,1 40V

S4 30V S1,2 80V

S5 30V S2,2 40V

S6 40V S3,2 80V

S7 60V S1,3 80V

D1 20V S2,3 40V

D2 30V S3,3 80V

D3 40V

Existing Topology Proposed Topology

21 Levels 21 Levels

6 DC Voltage Sources 4 DC Voltage Sources

13 Switches

-6 Unidirectional

-7 Bidirectional

11 Switches + 3 Diodes

All Unidirectional

20 IGBTs 11 GBTs

Fig. 2. Chart represents No. of Levels Vs No. of Switches


Venu Madhav D, Vice President – Sytems Optimization, Nuevosol Energy Pvt Ltd.

How scientific management and process optimization is essential to realise quality and accountability in shop floor.

The Steel Mounting Structures that are roll formed and fabricated come from manufacturing shop floors in

the country that today seem to have low level of data automation. However the need for that critical data automation which can keep logs on the tool, relay information into a Manufacturing Execution System (MES), tie into a predictive maintenance scheduling application is more than ever needed to get full grip on achieving high levels of Overall Equipment Efficiency(OEE).At Nuevosol we are working with our Fabricators to implement these processes on every shop floor to improve output, quality, and accountability.

Owing to the massive explosion in availability of these kind of enterprises the inevitable job-shop mode type of operations is in existence and like in any other job-shop situation these enterprises run through the crests and troughs in equipment utilization due to seasonality etc.; which then becomes one of the driver for inflated manufacturing costs owing to lack of volume continuity.

Most parts of India have at least two months of Summer and two months of Monsoon depending on the location, which obviously restricts the Solar PV projects implementation window to the remaining 8 months in an year where there isa peak demand. Shop floors which do not follow a scientific process will get loaded for their peak saturation levelsforcing them to underperform

Shopfloor Automation for Predictability

under pressure which howevercan be only tackled with proper planning of capacity utilization and optimization. This process optimization has been implemented at Nuevosol and this articles discussess these with a case study.

Variables Impacting Shop Floor Output.

So when we list the variables that can impact these enterprises they can be categorized into two sides:

Demand side: Solar versus Non-Solar demand having an impact on Excise Duty especially given the fact that Solar Mounting Structures are lighter in weight despite the processing times being almost the same.

Supply side: Steel- prices, availability; Zinc- prices, availability; Machine- Throughputs

Manufacturing overview - Right From Raw Material.

Drawing parlance from other industries, when semiconductor chips are manufactured, typically a lot of data is collected to ensure that there is traceability to every chip/die to almost the wafer/substrate level. Owing to the fact that these chips can enable systems for a prolonged service span it becomes critical to track every chip component, characterize the reliability aspects of them and ensure an effective Product Life Cycle Management.

In a similar way, when we are constantly focused on offering reliability almost equal to the life of the project then it becomes critical to track it from the raw material stage. Thus, to provide quality mounting structures that once installed will retain the capability for the full life cycle of the project, there

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needs to be a scientific approach to shop floor optimization and processes to ensure implementation of quality assurance plans.

So now to enable adequate visibility from the Raw Material stage and onto even at the MW farm level we could start with a Manufacturing Execution System(MES) at the shop floor. The MES is not a monolithic system that will operate on it’s own but instead an integrated system that can tie in at least with the Factory Production Planning System and Quality System for starters.

Pre-Galavnized Steel – A Case Study

This suggested holistic visibility can be enabled in multiple ways and one of the approaches that we feel could be useful is as follows:

In the case of pre-galvanized steel:

i. The steel mill/roll forming mill will slit the coils to a suitable width and send it to the shop floor; so that’s where the unique identifier for the slit coil roll will incorporated. Passive RFID tags or may be even barcodes.

ii. A sample piece sent for 3rd party Material Testing will also have the carry forward tag against which the Quality will be ascertained for the Material Test Certificate provided by the Steel mill.

iii. When the coil gets unwound during the roll forming at a pre-defined length, we could have a passive RFID tag on the line that marks a number associating it with the slit coil unique identifier and the cut component number.

iv. The RFID/ bar-codes will be put at lengths so no punches will cause loss of identity.

v. When the roll forming if it happens in an online mode it might be easier to feed that identifier along with the operations especially punches and bends into the MES.

vi. And when it is in the offline punching mode it may have to be manually fed into the system.

vii. The existing RFID tags will be used for counting the number of despatches made and also tie it to a particular truck using which they get transported.

viii. For O&M purposes, post the install process this system when integrated

with the site layout will indicate exact geographical location on the site and which when tied into the MES system and maintained will show the history on raw material quality, slit coil, etc.; which of course enables end to end visibility.

Tangible Benefits – Increased Output, Transparency and Accountability

With a system of the suggested kind, customers will be able to understand the exact quantity of structural components that are getting manufactured on an almost real time basis as the logging happens into MES from where various output reports can be generated and utilized for timely decision making.

Further to the MES system at the fabrication floor level when we dovetail it with tracking from Steel mills and the Power farm then a holistic Product Life Cycle Management can be established which will become a key driver to utilize this data framework and identify the root cause to effectively drive continuous improvement programs.

Data Driven Descison Making

At Nuevosol, we strongly believe only facts based data can drive rational decisions and hence all of our solutions are engineered accordingly. Thus, taking a peek into the future we feel shop floor automation is not

merely a capital expense to be concerned but rather an assurance that we can provide towards every mounting structure that gets designed, supplied and installed by us. This data driveniterative technique is an on-going process at Nuevosol for an improved performance in the peak times.

It is common knowledge that there is relentless downward pressure to reduce the cost of mounting structures towards achieving grid parity. While the intent is

unquestionably correct the approach however may not be correct to achieve a sustainable LCOE especially keeping in view of the 25 years of project life. We do not have a single example in the country for a PV farm with near to 25 years in existence and hence all of the solutions offered are based on the benchmarking from similar applications like transmission and communication towers etc.. Thus the solutions to be offered/ utilized should push for longevity in the robustness of structures rather than the upfront sensitivity towards cost.


Ketan Chheda, Solar Business Development Manager, India – GL Garrad Hassan

India’s Ministry of New & Renewable Energy (MNRE) recently received cabinet approval to set up 750MW of

solar projects under Phase 2 Batch 1 of JNNSM. These projects will be supported byViability Gap Funding (VGF) – which seeks to bridge the ‘gap’ between project costs and revenue.

The Solar Energy Corporation of India (SECI), a public sector company under the administrative control of the MNRE, in association with NTPC VidyutVyapar Nigam Limited (NVVN) will implement the scheme. SECI will manage the award of licenses, sign Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs) with developers, sign back-to-back Power Sale Agreements (PSAs) with state utilities/discoms, and disburse VGF payments to developers.

According to draft guidelines, developers seeking the lowest VGF will be awarded project licenses. Successful developers will be paid a fixed tariff of Rs. 5.45 per kWh (Rs.4.95 if Accelerated Depreciation benefits are claimed) for a period of 25 years. VGF will be limited to 30% of the project cost or Rs.2.5Cr/MW, whichever is lower. The VGF will be released in two parts:

1. 50% on successful commissioning of

The Indian government’s plan to support 750 MW solar projects through Viability Gap Funding (VGF) presents a bright opportunity for the solarindustry. Ketan Chheda of global renewables consultancy GL Garrad Hassan commends these developments – butrecommends that government should go further: it should standardize the performance monitoring and reporting.

Time For Strong Performance Monitoring And Reporting Standards

full capacity.

2. 50% over next five years of operation subject to meeting the generation requirements. The declared Capacity Utilization Factor (CUF) of PV plant cannot fall below 19%.

The VGF payment schedule clearly indicates that MNRE is focusing on long term performance of the plants. So it is now more important than ever to introduce standards for performance monitoring and reporting to ensure that the upcoming solar installations perform to their full potential and deliver MWh, not just MW.

In particular, it is recommended that MNRE monitors and verifies the performance ratio of plant in addition to CUF. A common methodology should be laid down by MNRE for measuring and calculating the performance parameters.Since a plant’s performance ratio is a function of in-plane solar radiation (measured on-site), installed capacity and energy generated, all projects should follow the same method of measurement, monitoring and verification as per MNRE’s directions.

For verifying installed capacity, annual physical checks should be carried out. Meanwhile, energy generation can be

verified from the energy accounts issued by STU/SLDC, as proposed in the revised draft guidelines. Operation and maintenance (O&M) of the on-site weather station should be verified by a competent, independent entity to ensure that the radiation and other climatic data recorded are reliable (this will also help build a robust national climatic database). These would establish a set of common standards that can govern the entire industry. These standards would become a reference for clauses to be included in the EPC and O&M contracts, and all stakeholders would be encouraged to align towards a common goal. It is also hoped that by mitigating performance risk, these standards would improve the bankability of projects.

With 750MW of solar development set to go ahead, and hundreds of MWs being implemented under other schemes, we need to ensure that the right standards are in place to deliver quality installations.The time has come to consider how to standardize performance monitoring and reportingso that wedeliver maximum generation as well as capacity. Making the effort now to set standards will ensure that new solar power plants will continue to generate efficiently in the years ahead.

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Policy Makers And Industry Captains Give 7th Rei 2013 Expo Thumbs Up/ Relying On Renewable Energy For A Better Future/Race For Clean Energy : Destination India

New Delhi, 14th September: The curtain was brought down on the 7th edition of final day of Renewable Energy India Expo, at the India Expo Centre, Greater Noida, with another day of highly stimulating conversations ranging from Solar Financing to future market for investors in India. The highly successful 7th REI 2013 Expo from the 12th - 14th of September also witnessed more than 10,000 visitors from across the globe experiencing Products, Services and Solutions showcased by the exhibitors. Both exhibitors and visitors expressed their satisfaction that the key challenges faced by the Industry had been addressed at the Expo and their confidence in the Sector was further emboldened by the outcome of the show.

The highlight of the show was key participation by exhibitors from over 27 countries who further reaffirmed their faith in the Indian renewable energy market as an attractive investment destination. Enthusiastic participation by leading international and domestic trade associations further magnified visibility for the Expo. Trade Associations like Global Solar Alliance, Panchabuta, Indian Biomass Power Association, Maharashtra Solar Manufacturers Association (MASMA), Wind Indpendent Power Producers Association (WIPPA), Solar Power Developers Association, Tamil Nadu Solar Energy Developers Association (TNSEDA) and Solar Thermal Federation of India (STFI) also made their presence felt. The Expo also had support from C-WET (Centre for Wind Energy Technology), set up by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE), Government of India.

According to Mr. Joji George, Managing Director, UBM India, said, “REI 2013 Expo witnessed the crème-de-la-creme as far as Industry participation is concerned. Powerful international participation by trade delegation like JETRO and NEDO from Japan was another highlight wherein they also unveiled industry reports, apart from workshops conducted by Asian Development Bank (ADB), BASF, Sterling & Wilson and KPMG.”

Japan being the country partner attracted 29 companies under their pavilion which showcased cutting–edge technologies and unmatched products in the renewable energy and energy efficiency sector. JETRO acted as a catalyst for creating business

matching opportunities in all sectors for an inclusive and scalable growth. The Japanese support has proved to be a stepping stone in Indo-Japan energy dialogue. REI Expo continues to be an effective platform for the global energy fraternity to share ideas and products for the next generation.

Series of high-power conferences and workshops run parallel to the Expo, of which, the conference on Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM) Phase II – Industry wish list chaired by Mr. Tarun Kapoor, Joint Secretary, Ministry of New & Renewable Energy (MNRE) and supported by key Industry head honchos, was clearly the highlight of the three days.

The 7th Renewable Energy India 2013 Expo witnessed participation from leading companies like Jinko, Yingli, LTi, Bonfiglioli, Sun Power, GE, Kirloskar, Gamesa, EI Dupont, Mahindra, Sun Edison, Ballard Power, Borg Energy, Suzlon, Sterling and Wilson, Refex Energy, Enerparc Energy, Applied Material (AMAT) and 27 countries including Japan, Canada, China, Germany, Sweden, Malaysia, Austria, Belgium, Switzerland and Portugal that further enriched the experiencxe of visitors.

Mr. Nitin Kasturi, Chief Strategy Officer, BORG Energy India said, “To place on record, the 7th REI 2103 Expo was indeed a great launch pad opportunity for us to showcase our flagship solar brand the ‘Astra Home Series’ and Tesla Power Station that garnered exponential interest levels pointing in the direction of increased business opportunities. The expo has been

quite instrumental in taking us much closer to our prospective customers resulting in a flurry of inquiries about the products and its benefits; the expo has been quite resourceful for us to develop new network groups whilst growing existing relationships with our clients and partners. It has been extremely gratifying to have the media and leading international and domestic trade associations extending their support in the magnified visibility of BORG Energy.”

Mr. Bikesh Ogra, President - Solar, Sterling and Wilson Ltd., said, “REI is a great platform for industry experts, government dignitaries and corporates like us to interact and explore the opportunity of a mutually beneficial association. We have been exhibiting in

REI since last few years. The turnouts have always been excellent for us. This year we had organized a Solar Conclave in association with UBM where well known industry experts and speakers graced the event by sharing their perspective in the panel discussion about the challenges and opportunities that are present in India’s renewable energy sector. We look forward to such great networking opportunities in future.”

“It was a very heartening and encouraging experience for us at Inox, fastest growing Wind Turbine manufacturer in India, as this was a perfect platform to showcase our Latest technology best suited for Indian climatic conditions and also our best in class execution capabilities. As expected our stall was visited by many eminent people from various PSU’s, Independent Power Producer Companies and Large and Medium Corporate houses interested in investing with Inox and thereby reducing their carbon footprints in a longer run. Inox Wind Limited a fully integrated player in the wind energy market was one of the main participants in the Renewable Energy India Expo” said Mr. Kailash Tarachandani, Chief Executive Officer, Inox Wind Limited.

The Expo created an environment for interactive discussions between policy makers, manufacturers and financing institutions. The show continues to attract footfalls confirming its status as Asia’s most talked about trade expo in the renewable energy space with the number of visitors and exhibitors going up by year after year.

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Lamp lighting- Dignitaries from left : Sanjay Chakrabarti (Partner – E&Y), Mr. Ryuichi Kaga (Senior Advisor, Public/Private Partnership of ADB), Mr. John M. McCaslin (Minister counselor – US Commercial Services), Mr. Hiroyuki Ishige, (Chairman & CEO, JETRO), Mr. Rajneesh Khattar (Project Director – UBM India), HE Pierre Vaesen (Ambassador of Belgium to India), Mr. Sadao Wasaka (Executive Director, NEDO.JAPAN). Mr. Keiya Iida (Deputy Director General, Trade Policy & Trade Policy Bureau METI, Govt of Japan, Mr. Joji George (MD – UBM India)


• GAAPrevenueof$401.3millionandGAAPEPSof($0.45)

• Non-GAAPrevenueof$491.6millionandnon-GAAPEPSof($0.19)

• SemiconductorMaterialsrevenueandoperating income grew sequentially

• SolarEnergyrecognizednon-GAAPrevenue related to 51 MW of solar energy systems, interconnected 22 MW and ended the quarter with 200 MW under construction

• Solarprojectpipelinegrewto2.9GWand backlog grew to 1.0 GW

• Cashandcashequivalentsof$438.0million at quarter end

SunEdison formerly known as MEMC Electronic Materials, Inc., announced financial results for the 2013-second quarter that reflected solid execution in its Semiconductor Materials segment and continued growth in its solar project pipeline and backlog. Relative to the prior quarter, cashincreased$16.4million,drivenprimarilyby solar project financing activities and improved working capital management.

“Business conditions in the second quarter remained challenging, but I am optimistic regarding our prospects for growth through the remainder of this year and into next,” commented Ahmad Chatila, Chief Executive Officer. “Although the semiconductor wafer market continues to be in an extended downturn, our second quarter Solar Materials performance improved. Solar Energy posted sequentially higher non-GAAP sales, pipeline and backlog, and remains well positioned to capture a disproportionate share of the solar market going forward. We remain committed to maintaining a healthy balance sheet, achieving profitability and generating strong returns for our shareholders,” Chatila concluded.

SunEdison - Q2 2013 Results :

Key summary financial results for the 2013 second quarter are set out in the following table.

Cash Flow

Operating cash used in the 2013 second quarterwas$86.4millionandwasprimarilydriven by changes in working capital related to project construction. Free cash flow was $4.4millionandwas largely influencedby capital expenditures, solar project construction costs and solar energy project financing activities. See the reconciliation of free cash flow in the financial statement tables at the end of this press release.

Capitalexpenditureswere$38.8millionand included$9.0millionrelatedtothepreviously announced acquisition of a TCS plant as part of a contract settlement with Evonik. Similar to the 2013 first quarter, the majority of 2013-second quarter capital expenditures were incurred in the Semiconductor Materials segment.

The company ended the 2013 second quarter with cash and cash equivalents of $438.0million,anincreaseof$16.4million

from the prior quarter. Cash increased largely due to solar project financing activities and strong working capital management.

Semiconductor Materials

Semiconductor Materials revenue was up year-over-year and sequentially as increased volume across all diameters offset price declines and an unfavorable mix. Year-over-year and sequential pricing declined across most diameters but the decline was greatest among 300mm products. Continued weakness in the Japanese Yen remains a significant challenge in the competitive pricing environment.

The year-over-year and sequential increase in operating income was due primarily to higher gross margin and profits driven by increased shipments, improved operational efficiencies and various cost reduction initiatives.

Solar Energy: GAAP

Solar Energy segment GAAP revenue

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Saumya Bansal Gupta - EQ International


was down year-over-year. In the 2012 second quarter, 89 MW of projects were sold which were originally expected to term out in December 2011 but were delayed due to adverse market conditions in Europe. The year-over-year decrease also reflected a less favorable project mix in the current year period and the effect of the company’s decision to slow development spending in 2012. During the 2013 second quarter, all of the projects recognized for GAAP revenue were EPC-only projects, for which pricing per watt is generally lower than fully developed solar system projects per watt because the company is not involved in every phase of the solar project design, financing and development. Second quarter 2013 GAAP revenue was sequentially lower due primarily to lower solar project sales which were only partially offset by higher solar materials sales. First quarter 2013 included revenue of$25.0millionfromtheamendmentofa supply contract with Tainergy. Second quarter 2013 and first quarter 2013 GAAP revenueincluded$11.7millionand$8.2million, respectively, of previously deferred revenue related to the sale of projects in prior quarters for which the same amounts were recognized in non-GAAP revenue in the corresponding prior periods. In the 2013 second quarter, Solar Energy recognized GAAP revenue from solar projects totaling 14 MW, compared to 47 MW in the 2013 first quarter and 144 MW in the 2012 second quarter.

The decrease in year-over-year and sequential GAAP operating income resulted primarily from lower volume and pricing for solar projects and materials. Additionally, first quarter 2013 included operating income of $25.0millionfromthepreviouslymentionedcontract amendment with Tainergy.

Solar Energy: Non-GAAP

Solar Energy segment non-GAAP revenue was down year-over-year. In the 2012 second quarter, 98 MW of projects were sold which were originally expected to term out in December 2011 but were delayed due to adverse market conditions in Europe. The year-over-year decrease also reflected the effect of the company’s decision to slow development spending in 2012. Non-GAAP revenue was higher sequentially due to higher solar project volume and prices, and higher sales of solar materials products.

Firstquarter2013includedrevenueof$25.0million from the amendment of a supply contract with Tainergy. Non-GAAP revenue was recognized from 51 MW of solar project sales in the 2013 second quarter, compared to 45 MW in the 2013 first quarter and 169 MW in the 2012 second quarter. Of the 51 MW that were recognized for non-GAAP revenue in the 2013 second quarter, 44 MW were direct sales and 7 MW were sale-leaseback transactions.

The year-over-year decrease in non-GAAP operating income was influenced primarily by lower solar project volume and pricing. The sequential decline in operating income was driven primarily by losses generated from solar wafer sales. First quarter 2013 included operating income of$25millionduetotheamendmentofacontract with Tainergy.

Solar Project Pipeline, Backlog Construction

Solar Energy ended the 2013 second quarter with a project pipeline of 2.9 GW, up 218 MW compared to the prior quarter and unchanged from the year ago period. Backlog at June 30, 2013 was 1.0 GW, an increase of 119 MW compared to the prior quarter. A solar project is classified as “pipeline” where SunEdison has a signed or awarded PPA or other energy off-take agreement or has achieved each of the following three items: site control, an identified interconnection point with an estimate of the interconnection costs, and an executed energy off-take agreement or the determination that there is a reasonable likelihood that an energy off-take agreement will be signed. A solar project is classified as “backlog” if there is an associated executed PPA or other energy off-take agreement, such as a feed-in-tariff. There can be no assurance that all pipeline or backlog projects will convert to revenue because in the ordinary course of our development business some fall-out is typical and certain projects will not be built.

Solar projects interconnected during the 2013 second quarter totaled 22 MW from 17 projects and consisted of 16 MW of direct sale projects and 6 MW of sale-leaseback projects. As of June 30, 2013, 200 MW of the pipeline was under construction. “Under construction” refers to projects within pipeline and backlog, in various stages of completion, which are not yet operational.

Outlook

The company provided the following key metrics for the 2013 third quarter and revised metrics for full-year 2013. Assuming no significant worldwide economic issues or other significant shocks in these periods, the company expects the following:

For the third quarter 2013:

• Semiconductor Materials revenuebetween $230 million and $250million

• Solarenergysystemstotalnon-GAAPsales volume in the range of 60 MW to 100 MW

• SolarenergysystemsMWretainedonthe balance sheet between 0 MW and 10 MW

• Fullydevelopedsolarenergysystemsaverageprojectpricingbetween$3.25/wattand$3.50/watt

• Capitalspendingbetween$30millionand$40million

For the full year 2013:

• Semiconductor Materials revenuebetween $940 million and $980million

• Solarenergysystemstotalnon-GAAPsales volume in the range of 430 MW to 500 MW

• SolarenergysystemsMWretainedonthe balance sheet between 50 MW and 100 MW

• Total solar energy systemsaverageprojectpricingbetween$3.10/wattand$3.40/watt

• Capitalspendingbetween$120millionand$140million

www.EQMagLive.comEQ INTERNATIONAL - October 201368 www.EQMagLive.comEQ INTERNATIONAL - August 201368

In addition to the over 30 grid codes that are already found in the TLX inverter, you now get even more.

With the latest software update 4.02 the TLX inverter is compliant with: Romania MV, South Africa, Chile, Malta and UK (G83/2). In addition a BDEW generic has been added enabling installation in for instance MV grids in Turkey as well as areas of Romania.

This ensures that wherever you want to take advantage of the most versatile three phase string inverter, you probably can.

Danfoss TLX stands for versatility and flexibility

The Danfoss TLX inverter has a weight of 35kg making it easy to install and handle. It can be mounted on the PV racks, on the wall of a building or where convenient. It

Most Versatile Inverter Is Now Compliant In More Countries.

combines 1000 VDC input with 3x400 Vac and 98% max. efficiency, making it suitable for a broad range of installations. The TLX has 3 truly independent MPP trackers providing extreme flexibility, as every input has its own tracker. This individual tracking enables a more precise and faster tracking of the optimal performance of every string of modules.

Integrated web interface – no additional communication devices needed

The integrated web interface makes it possible to view settings and log information without installing additional software or hardware devices. The inverters in the systems can be set up quickly and easily by connecting any PC directly to the inverter.

Master inverter – saving time by

PRODUCTS

replicating data across the system

By defining one inverter as the master, system configuration is faster and more efficient, as only one inverter needs to be configured. It instantly replicates data and other settings across all the other inverters in the network. This reduces overall installation and system costs due to faster setup and easier service, for example when adding a new inverter to the system’s layout.

Available to more markets

This favorite among installers is now compliant to over 37 markets.

RenewSys, the quality manufacturer of EVA Encapsulant and Backsheets based at Bengaluru, India has announced the launch of its thinner Backsheets in Fluoro and Non-Fluoro constructions and Bus Bar Insulation sheet for PV modules.

Company’s Backsheet range ‘PRESERV’ now covers economically prices 300 mic Backsheet for off-grid application (600 VDC system voltages) todemanding 370 micBacksheet for grid connected applications (> 1000 VDC system voltage). The company had recently announced UL approval of 330 and 370 mic Backsheets. The UL Approval of its newly launched 300 mic Backsheet is expected soon.

The Insulation sheetbranded as ‘PRESERV E2’ is based on Polyolefin-Polyester construction. Specially designed sheet has found to be exhibiting extremely

high ‘Peel Strength’with Encapsulant and Backsheets and DHT rating indicating high performance and longer durability. The product is being supplied commercially.

RenewSys has already been selling TUV and UL certified ‘CONSERV’ EVA Encapsulant and Backsheets in domestic and overseas markets witnessing encouraging business growth since its inception. With the launch of the thinner Backsheets and Bus Bar sheets, company feels it would be a great advantage for module makers to buy all the Polymeric components from a single source eliminating issues relating to quality, inventory and logistics. Many domestic and overseas modules makers have appreciated the move and acknowledged these advantages.

To re-iterate, with a commitment to

provide innovative & technology driven solutions, RenewSys has invested significantly in setting up a R&D center at its Bengaluru production facility. The company has recently added hi-tech UV tester for conducting long-term reliability tests on solar components. This enables RenewSys partner with its clients to create customized solutions for mutual benefit and contribute in taking the industry forward.

RenewSys Launches Thinner Backsheets and Bus Bar Insulation Sheet for PV Modules


PRODUCTS

teamtechnik presented newly developed options for innovative cell and ribbon technologies at 7th Renewable Energy India 2013 in New Delhi. The STRINGER TT1200 HS now solders standard cells with up to five busbars, cells in half-cell format and BC cells. The system already handles structured ribbons in a reliable production process.

teamtechnik is a leader in the international stringer technology market segment. The STRINGER TT1200 HS is the fastest single-track stringer system in the world. teamtechnik supplies 60% of all high-output stringers for soldering solar cell strings worldwide.

The STRINGER TT1200 HS solders solar cell strings in a 2.5 second cycle on just one track, delivering more efficient and profitable production than multi-track systems: The through-put per soldering process is higher, the complexity of the system on the other hand is lower as is the requirement for spare parts and personnel. Availability at over 95% ensures stable production 24 hours a day, seven days a week. What’s more, the company offers its international customers 24-hour on-site support.

Reliable process at 1400 cycles per hour

teamtechnik uses a unique design of hold-down device in the systems to separate the actual soldering process from the cell-handling process. This hold-down device is instrumental in delivering high output, a reliable process and perfect string geometry. At the same time, it guarantees extremely low breakage rates – from below 0.1-0.3%, depending on the type of cell.

The STRINGER TT1200 HS single-track system from teamtechnik now strings BC, MWT, 5-busbar and half-cells

Teamtechnik is represented in India by iNETest Technologies Pvt. Ltd. in Chennai with sales and service locations all over India. Most important for teamtechniks customers are short reaction times of local service engineers and availability of local spare parts which is assured by teamtechnik indian agency. Their Indian service engineers have a long history in the PV industry, realised many installations of module manufacturing lines in India, and received intensive training in Germany and also made installations and services in China which is the biggest market for teamtechnik with a market share of more than 50%.

A short portrait: teamtechnik Maschinen und Anlagen GmbH

Based in Freiberg/Germany, teamtechnik has been making intelligent and reliable automation solutions for the solar, medical

technology and automotive sectors for over 35 years. The systems are distinguished by their modular and standardized process-oriented structure. teamtechnik is a recognized global leader in automation technology designed for optimal flexibility and with a production capacity of 9 GWp, a global leader in stringer technology. The senior management team has set a sales target of €145 million for the current business year. The company employs 800 people around the world. The majority of the workforce are engineers and highly qualified specialists. The teamtechnik group has production sites in Germany, Poland, China and the USA and offers worldwide support and service.

The STRINGER TT1200 HS now solders new cell and ribbon technologies at 1400 cycles/hour on just a single track.


The Japan Electrical Safety & Environment Technology Laboratories (JET) certified the Sunny Tripower 10000 TLEE-JP for sale on the Japanese market. This makes SMA Solar Technology AG the first non-Japanese inverter manufacturer to sell a three-phase JET-certified device in Japan. The inverter specially designed to meet the demands of the Japanese market is now available.

“Measured by market volume, Japan is one of the world’s most attractive markets, and the U.S. market research company IHS estimates that it will also be the photovoltaic market with the strongest sales in 2013. Now that the Sunny Tripower has received JET certification, we can cover all market segments in this important market from small residential PV systems and commercial applications to large-scale PV power plants,”

This one of its kind module boasts of highest efficiency and power as a single product in India

Waaree Energies Ltd launches the WS-400 Wp PV Module. As the first of its kind single product in India, the WS-400 brings highest efficiency of 18.85% as well as power in the module industry.

The Waaree WS-400 Wp module is set to optimise solar power plant projects and revolutionise the module industry by generating more power per panel surface area. Besides, it will reduce solar site area

SMA Solar Technology AG Is First Non-Japanese Manufacturer to Receive JET Certification for Three-Phase Inverter

Waaree Energies launches the WS- 400 Wp PV Module in India

PRODUCTS

explains SMA Chief Executive Officer Pierre-Pascal Urbon.

The three-phase Sunny Tripower 10000TLEE-JP is designed for commercial PV plants with an output of more than 10 kilowatt-peak. It offers a peak efficiency of 97.8 percent, which is unmatched in its class. Its robust enclosure for outdoor installations offers excellent protection against dirt,

water and salt-containing atmospheres. The inverter’s connection area is adapted to Japanese conduits.

Since last year, in addition to the Sunny Tripower 10000TLEE-JP, SMA has also offered JET-certified Sunny Boy inverters for residential PV systems as well as Sunny Central inverters tailored to local requirements on the Japanese market. And this fall, the county’s largest PV power plant equipped with SMA inverters and plant monitoring solutions will go into operation. “We expect continued strong growth stimuli from the Japanese photovoltaic market. With our sales and service company in Tokyo as well as our highly efficient inverters across a range of power classes precisely tailored to the demands of the Japanese market, we are extremely well positioned here in all segments,” says Pierre-Pascal Urbon.

requirement and ensure shorter construction time-frame. It means less cabling & surfacing and lesser quantity of fixing clips in total thus

bringing down the overall cost of the solar power installation. This product comes with a 5 year long warranty and promises 90% power for a duration of 10 years with a mere 10% deficit for 20 years.

Mr. Hitesh Doshi, CMD, Waaree group commented, “We take immense pride in being the first company in India to be launching a PV module that is set to take the industry by storm. With this product, we are setting a precedent for future developments in this sector. This is testimony to Waaree Energies’ commitment to innovation and our existing expertise in the solar industry.”


Power-One Introduces Energy Storage Solution React At Solar Energy Uk

PRODUCTS

Power-One, a member of the ABB Group and the world’s second largest designer and manufacturer of photovoltaic inverters, recently announced that the company will showcase its first residential energy storage solution REACT (Renewable Energy Accumulator and Conversion Technology) at this year’s Solar Energy UK. From October 8 to 10, Power-One will also present its wide range of inverter products for small and residential PV installations in Birmingham, UK.The company’s first energy storage system REACT will be available in 2014 and consists of a 4.6kW single-phase grid connected Power-One inverter and a lithium-ion battery, providing 2kWh of usable capacity. The solution will allow home owners and landlords to store any energy produced by their PV installations for times with higher energy demands. Moreover, REACT is equipped with typical features, such as fast dual MPP trackers, offering maximum installation flexibility for optimal energy harvesting during changing weather and light conditions as well as a broad input voltage range and a top class efficiency due to the proven TL topology. In case of a blackout, operators benefit from basic load management outputs and auxiliary AC output.

Thanks to an integrated Ethernet port directly on the board, users are able to perform remote as well as local monitoring activities without further interfaces. As is usual for Power-One, the new, innovative product is designed for a long battery life cycle of over ten

years. REACT can also be expanded up to three times its original size by adding additional battery modules.“Looking at increasing electricity prices and reduced feed-in tariffs, self-consumption as well as energy independence will be the central issues for the residential PV market in the UK in the upcoming years,” said Paolo Casini, Vice President, Marketing at Power-One. “PV energy has to be available upon demand, since its feed-in to the grid is no longer worthwhile. With REACT we enable homeowners and landlords to adjust energy production and consumption with their needs, helping them to increase self-consumption and save money on their energy bills with the energy storage solution. Products of this kind will play a major role in the increasing spread and establishment of renewable energy systems.”

The presentation of REACT will be accompanied by Power-One’s inverter portfolio for small and

residential PV installations: ranging from the company’s smallest module inverters – the AURORA MICRO-0.25 and the AURORA MICRO-0.3 – with the related monitoring solution AURORA CDD as well as the single-phased AURORA UNO-2.0 and AURORA UNO-2.5 inverters to the popular three-phase string inverters AURORA TRIO-20.0 and 27.6. Especially designed for the residential market, Power-One’s new AURORA TRIO string inverters with an output of 5.8, 7.5, and 8.5kW respectively, will also be on display.At Solar Energy UK, Power-One will exhibit its products in hall 3, booth H24. As one of the leading events for the solar industry in the UK, Solar Energy UK will bring together the entire PV sector.


RENEXPO® Poland 2013 Date: 16-17-Oct-2013Place: Warsaw, PolandOrganiser: ReecoTel.: +48 22 2660216Email: [email protected].: www.renexpo-warsaw.com

Solar Summit 2013Date: 23-23-Oct-2013Place: Freiburg, GermanyOrganiser: PSE AG, FreiburgTel.: +49 761 479140Email: [email protected].: www.solar-summit-2013.org

IREC 3iForum Date: 22-24-Oct-2013Place: Chicago, Illinois, USAOrganiser: IRECTel.: +1 518 4586059Email: [email protected].: www.irecusa.org/news-events/irec-3i-forum

Solar Power International 2013 Date: 21-24-Oct-2013Place: Chicago, Illinois, USA Organiser: SEITel.: +1 703 7389460Email: [email protected].: www.solarpowerinternational.com/2013/public/enter.aspx

Turkey-MENA Renewable Energy Con-gress 2013 Date: 24-25-Oct-2013Place: Istanbul, TurkeyOrganiser: SZ&W GroupTel.: +86 215 8300710Email: [email protected].: - www.szwgroup.com/renewable2013

The 8th AsiaSolar PV Industry Exhibi-tion Date: 28-30-Oct-2013Place: Shanghai, ChinaOrganiser: Shanghai AiexpoTel.: +86 21 65929965Email: [email protected].: www.AsiaSolar.net

PV Asia Pacific Expo 2013 Date: 28-30-Oct-2013Place: SingaporeOrganiser: PVAPTel.: +86 21 64279573Email: [email protected].: www.pvap.sg

Asia SmartGrid 2013 Date: 29-30-Oct-2013Place: Singapore City, Singapore Organiser: Reed ExibitionsTel.: +65 6780 4653Email: [email protected].: www.afef.com.sg

Envirotech & Clean Energy Investor Summit 2013 Date: 30-31-Oct-2013Place: London, UKOrganiser: New Energy World NetworkTel.: +44 20 77491270Email: [email protected].: www.envirotechinvestorsummit.com/2013

23rd International Photovoltaic Science and Engineering Conference Date: 28Oct-1Nov-2013Place: Taipei, TaiwanOrganiser : SEMITel.: +886 3 5601777Email: [email protected].: www.pvsec23.com

For Listing of your Event : Conference and events are listed free-of-charge, so please feel free to get in touch to tell us about your event. We would also be happy to provide you with free copies of magazine for distribution at your events.(while stock last). Please send your conference information to : Mr. Gourav Garg at [email protected]

Taiwan International Photovoltaic Exhi-bition 2013 Date: 30Oct-1Nov-2013Place: Taipei, TaiwanOrganiser: TAITRATel.: +886 2 27255200Email: [email protected].: www.pvtaiwan.com

3rd International Exhibition / Confer-ence on Renewable and Alternative Energy Date: 1-3Nov-2013Place: Karachi, Pakistan Organiser: REAPTel.: +92 21 34818177Email: [email protected].: www.reapkhi.com

Solar Industry Summit - Middle East 2013 Date: 6-6Nov-2013Place: Dubai, United Arab EmiratesOrganiser: SolarpraxisTel.: +49 30 726296-301Email: [email protected].: www.solarpraxis.de/en/conferences/solar-industry-sum...

Renewable Energy World Conference & Expo North America 2013 Date: 12-14Nov-2013Place: Orlando, Florida, USAOrganiser: Renewable Energy WorldTel.: +1 918 8329249Email: [email protected].: www.renewableenergyworld-events.com

Intersolar India 2013Date: 11-14Nov-2013Place: Mumbai, IndiaOrganiser: MMI India Pvt. Ltd.Tel.: +49 7231 58598-212Email: [email protected].: www.intersolar.in

Exhibit now!

India’s Largest Exhibition and Conference for the Solar IndustryBombay Exhibition Centre, Mumbai

The meeting point for 300 international exhibitors and 8,500 potential business contacts from 45 countriesEstablish new business partners in one of the fastest growing solar marketsNetwork and meet the people who are shaping India’s solar marketBenefit from taking part in the world’s leading exhibition series for the solar industryNetwork and expand your business at home!

AZINDIA2013_Renewable Watch_216x279_Layout 1 10.04.13 15:47 Seite 1


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EQ International Magazine Editorial Advisory Board

Rajesh Bhat - Managing Director

juwi India Renewable Energies Pvt Ltd

K Subramanyam Former CEO

Tata BP Solar

G. Kalyan VarmaCountry Head

TUV Rheinland (India) Pvt. Ltd.

Shaji JohnChief

Solar Initiatives, L&T

Gyanesh Chaudhary Managing Director

Vikram Solar Private Limited

Paulo SoaresCFO & Director

Inspira Martifer Solar Ltd

Gaurav Sood Managing Director

Solairedirect Energy India Pvt Ltd

Ravi Khanna - CEOSolar Power Business

Aditya Birla Group

Inderpreet WadhwaCEO

Azure Power

Pashupathy GopalanManaging Director MEMC-SunEdison

Sunil JainiChief Exe. Off. & Exe. Director Hero Future Energies Pvt Ltd.

Shivanand NimbargiMD & CEO

Green Infra Limited

R.N.I. NO. MPBIL/2013/50966 | DT OF PUBLICATION: OCT 20 | POSTAL REGD.NO. MP/IDC/1435/2013-2015

eq int'l magazine oct 2013 edition

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