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Electricity Sector in India

World's 6th largest energy consumer, accounting

for 3.4% of global energy consumption by more

than 17% of global population.

The Energy Policy of India is predominantly

controlled by the Government of Indias, Ministry

of Power, Ministry of Coal and Ministry of NewRenewable Energy and administered locally by

Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs).

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Electricity Sector in India (contd.,)

About 70% of the electricity consumed in India is

generated by Thermal power plants,

21% by Hydroelectric power plants and

4% by Nuclear power plants.

More than 50% of India's commercial energy

demand is met through the country's vast coal

reserves.

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The country has also invested heavily in recentyears in renewable energy utilization, especiallywind energy.

In 2008, India's installed wind generated electriccapacity was 9,655 MW.

Also, India has committed massive amount offunds for the construction of various nuclearreactors which would generate at least 30,000

MW. In July 2009, India unveiled a $19 billion plan to

produce 20,000 MW of solar power by 2020.

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In June 2010, the installed power generationcapacity of India stood at 162,366 MW and percapita energy consumption stood at 612 kWH.

The country's annual energy productionincreased from about 190 billion kWH in 1986 tomore than 680 billion kWH in 2006.

The Indian government has set a modest target toadd approximately 78,000 MW of installed

generation capacity by 2012 which it is likely tomiss.

The total demand for electricity in India isexpected to cross 950,000 MW by 2030.

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Electricity losses in India during transmission anddistribution are extremely high and vary between30 to 45%.

In 2004-05, electricity demand outstripped supply

by 7-11%. Due to shortage of electricity, power cuts are

common throughout India and this has adverselyeffected the country's economic growth.

Theft of electricity, common in most parts ofurban India, amounts to 1.5% of India's GDP.

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Despite an ambitious rural electrificationprogram, some 400 million Indians lose electricityaccess during blackouts.

While 80 percent of Indian villages have at leastan electricity line, just 52.5% of rural householdshave access to electricity.

In urban areas, the access to electricity is 93.1% in2008. The overall electrification rate in India is

64.5% while 35.5% of the population still livewithout access to electricity.

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According to a sample of 97,882 households in

2002, electricity was the main source of lighting

for 53% of rural households compared to 36% in

1993.

Grand Total Installed Capacity (as on 30-09-2010)

is 164,835.80 MW.

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Automation In Power Distribution

The demand for electrical energy is everincreasing. Today over 21% of the total electrical

energy generated in India is lost in transmission

(4-6%) and distribution (15-18%).

The electrical power deficit in the country is

currently about 18%.

Clearly, reduction in distribution losses can

reduce this deficit significantly. It is possible to bring down the distribution losses

to a 6-8 % level in the electrical power distribution

sector which will enable better monitoring and

control.

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Bottlenecks in Ensuring Reliable Power

Lack of information at the base station (33kV sub-station) on the loading and health status of the11kV/415V transformer and associated feeders isone primary cause of inefficient power

distribution. Due to absence of monitoring, overloading occurs,

which results in low voltage at the customer endand increases the risk of frequent breakdowns of

transformers and feeders. The transformer breakdown rate in India is as

high as around 20%, in contrast to less than 2% insome advanced countries.

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Bottlenecks in Ensuring Reliable Power (contd.,)

In the absence of switches at different points in thedistribution network, it is not possible to isolatecertain loads for load shedding as and when

required. The only option available in the present

distribution network is the circuit breaker (oneeach for every main 11kV feeder) at the 33kVsubstation.

However, these circuit breakers are actuallyprovided as a means of protection to completelyisolate the downstream network in the event of afault.

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(contd.,)

Using this as a tool for load management is notdesirable, as it disconnects the power supply to avery large segment of consumers.

Clearly, there is a need to put in place a systemthat can achieve a finer resolution in loadmanagement.

In the event of a fault on any feeder section

downstream, the circuit breaker at the 33kVsubstation trips (opens).

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(contd.,)

As a result, there is a blackout over a large sectionof the distribution network.

If the faulty feeder segment could be precisely

identified, it would be possible to substantiallyreduce the blackout area, by re-routing the powerto the healthy feeder segments through theoperation of switches placed at strategic locations

in various feeder segments.

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