epa-454/b-94-023 july 1994epa-454/b-94-023 (revises epa-450/4-90-013) july 1994 user's guide to...

EPA-454/B-94-023(Revises EPA-450/4-90-013)

July 1994

USER'S GUIDE

TO

TSCREEN

A Model for Screening Toxic AirPollutant Concentrations

(Revised)

Office of Air Quality Planning and StandardsOffice of Air and Radiation

U.S. Environmental Protection AgencyResearch Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711

July 1994

ii

This report has been reviewed by the Office of Air QualityPlanning and Standards, US EPA, and has been approved forpublication. Mention of trade names or commercial products isnot intended to constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. Copies of this report are available, for a fee, from the NationalTechnical Services, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161.

iii

PREFACE

This revised document illustrates how to setup and use theTSCREEN model. The release scenarios and methods in TSCREEN aredescribed in "Workbook of Screening Techniques for AssessingImpacts of Toxic Air Pollutants (Revised)", EPA-454/R-92-024.

iv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The report was prepared by Pacific Environmental Services,Inc., under EPA Contract No. 68D30032, with Mr. Jawad S. Touma asthe Work Assignment Manager.

v

CONTENTS

1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

2. Getting Started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

3. Example Scenario . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

4. Scenario Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

5. Determining Maximum Short-Term Ground LevelConcentration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

6. Enter/Edit Scenario Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

7. Help System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

8. Error Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

9. Backing Up Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

10. Notes on Compiling the Source Code . . . . . . . . . . . 36

11. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

1

1. Introduction

To correctly analyze toxic emissions and their subsequentdispersion from one of many different types of possible releases,the computer program TSCREEN, A Model for Screening Toxic AirPollutant Concentrations, should be used in conjunction with the"Workbook of Screening Techniques for Assessing Impacts of ToxicAir Pollutants (Revised)" (EPA, 1992a). With the use of thesetools one can determine the type of release and the steps to befollowed to simulate the release via an applicable computermodel. Then, the dispersion characteristics and pollutantconcentrations of the resulting plume can be calculated. The airtoxics dispersion screening models imbedded in TSCREEN that areused for the various scenarios are SCREEN2, RVD, PUFF, and theBritter-McQuaid model. Using TSCREEN, a particular releasescenario is selected via input parameters, and TSCREENautomatically selects and executes the appropriate dispersionmodel to simulate that scenario. The model to be used and theworst case meteorological conditions are automatically selectedbased on criteria given in the workbook. TSCREEN has a front-endcontrol program to the models that also provides, by use ofinteractive menus and data entry screen, the same steps as theworkbook. The correct release scenario and associatedcharacteristics of a toxic emissions release are selected withthe help of on-screen text and graphics and data input isperformed in a full-screen edit mode. TSCREEN saves the inputdata for each release scenario to a file that can be retrievedand later edited or executed. TSCREEN also provides a method ofeasily viewing and saving the modeling results for each modeledscenario.

2. Getting Started

Hardware Requirements

TSCREEN is an IBM PC-based software application written andcompiled in FoxProTM, a software application development system,MicrosoftTM C Version 5.1, MicrosoftTM FORTRAN, and BASIC. Theprogram requires 500 kilobytes (KB) of free Random Access Memory(RAM). Although TSCREEN may operate with certain memory residentprograms installed, no attempt has been made to test itsoperation against all memory resident programs available today. If problems occur while TSCREEN and memory resident programs arerunning simultaneously, try removing the memory resident programsfrom memory and re-executing TSCREEN. The TSCREEN program filesoccupy about 2.2 megabytes (MB) of disk space. As data fromscenario runs are saved, the hard disk space needed willincrease. To install TSCREEN on hard disk systems, make surethere is at least 2.5 MB of free disk space available to load andexecute the program. The time required to run the dispersionmodels will be greatly reduced if the computer has a math co-

2

processor.

The computer running TSCREEN must be booted with the CONFIG.SYSfile in the root directory of the boot up disk containing thefollowing parameters:

Files = 30Buffers = 22

If the CONFIG.SYS file already has these statements with highervalues assigned, then no modification is necessary, otherwiseeither add the needed statements or increase their value to thatof the example and reboot the computer.

Software requirements

The files required to run TSCREEN are as follows:

BMTS.EXE - The Britter & McQuaid modelCHEMBASE.DBF - The chemical databaseCHEMBASE.IDX - The chemical database index fileDISPLAY.DBF - File used to display file listsERHANDLE.EXE - The error handling programERMSG.DAT - Error message fileFOXSWAP.COM - FoxPro memory management programFOXUSER.DBF - FoxPro databaseFOXPRO.ESL - FoxPro run-time libraryFOXPRO.ESO - FoxPro run-time libraryFOXUSER.FPT - FoxPro databaseGRAPH.EXE - The graphics generation programOLDRUNS.DBF - Database that contains previously entered dataOUTPUT.DBF - File used to display model outputPIPERES.EXE - Program that performs calculations for thescenarios involving gas leaks from a pipe attached to a reservoirPUFFTS.EXE - The PUFF modelRVDTS.EXE - The RVD modelSCREENTS.EXE - The SCREEN2 modelTSCREEN.EXE - The main programTSHELP.DBF - The help databaseTSHELP.FPT - File containing help textTSMACRO.FKY - FoxPro macro fileVFONT101.FNT - The graph font file

Installing TSCREEN

Because of the size of the TSCREEN program, TSCREEN is separated into four separate zipped (compressed) files:

3

File Size(K)------------ -------- TSCREEN1.ZIP 520TSCREEN2.ZIP 175TSCREEN3.ZIP 378TSCREEN4.ZIP 181

TSCREEN1.ZIP contains the FoxPro runtime program, FOXPRO.ESO, andTSCREEN2.ZIP contains the FoxPro runtime program, FOXPRO.ESL, andthe FoxPro memory manager FOXSWAP.COM.

To unzip (decompress) the files, you will need to have a copy of the PKUNZIP.EXE file, version 2.04g or higher. PKUNZIP.EXE isavailable on the Technology Transfer Network's SCRAM BulletinBoard Systems, along with the TSCREEN model.

Please refer to your DOS manual for the relevant commands forcreating sub-directories and copying files if the followinginstructions are unclear.

TSCREEN must be installed on a hard disk in order to run. Toinstall TSCREEN on a hard disk, check the available disk space by running the DOS program CHKDSK. To check to see if the DOSprograms are accessible from the PATH setting simply type:

PATH

If the DOS sub-directory or sub-directories containing the DOSfiles is listed the type:

CHKDSK

at the hard disk prompt where TSCREEN is to be installed. Ifnot, read your DOS manual to understand what you have to do torun CHKDSK. Check to make sure there is at least 2.5 MB ofavailable disk space. If there is enough free disk space, thencreate a TSCREEN sub-directory from the root directory of thehard drive on which TSCREEN will be installed. The command tocreate a TSCREEN sub-directory off the main or root directory is:

CD\MD TSCREEN

Once the sub-directory is created, insert the first TSCREENdiskette in the high-density drive of the computer (usually the Adrive on IBM AT-type machines) and copy the files from the

diskette to the sub-directory by typing the command:

COPY A:*.* X:\TSCREEN

where X is the letter designation of the drive which TSCREEN is

4

to be installed (where the sub-directory was created). Repeatthe command above for the other diskettes. Also, copy thePKUNZIP.EXE file to your TSCREEN sub-directory. While in theTSCREEN sub-directory,decompress the TSCREEN zip files by typingfollowing command:

PKUNZIP TSCREEN1.ZIP

Repeat the command for the other three TSCREEN zip filesreplacing TSCREEN1.ZIP with the other file names: TSCREEN2.ZIP,TSCREEN3.ZIP, TSCREEN4.ZIP. Once the files are unzipped(decompressed), the installation is complete. Type the followingcommand :

TSCREEN

to start the program.

3. Example Scenario

An example TSCREEN session is demonstrated in this section.For more information on the scenarios in TSCREEN, see Sections 4and 5 of this workbook.

Title Screen

Upon starting the program a title screen will appear as shownin Figure 1.

5

Figure 1. Title Screen

�� 7 6 & 5 ( ( 1 �� $ 0RGHO IRU 6FUHHQLQJ $LU 7R[LF 3ROOXWDQW &RQFHQWUDWLRQV �� 'DWHG �� 0D\ �� )RU 4XHVWLRQV &RQWDFW� 'HYHORSHG E\� �� -DZDG 6� 7RXPD� 3URMHFW 2IILFHU 3DFLILF (QYLURQPHQWDO 6HUYLFHV� ,QF �� 86 (3$� 2$436� 76' �0' � �� 6R� 0LDPL %OYG� 6XLWH �� 6RXUFH 5HFHSWRU $QDO\VLV %UDQFK 3�2� %R[ �� 5HVHDUFK 7ULDQJOH 3DUN� 1& �� 5HVHDUFK 7ULDQJOH 3DUN� 1& ��

Selection Windows

After the reference pages, the main menu bar appears acrossthe top of the screen, and a list available keys appears acrossthe bottom of the screen as shown in Figure 2. From this menuthe user can select:

� File - to retrieve previously entered data, previouslysaved model printed output, or previously saved modelgraphic output

� Initial Form of Release - to select a form of release andenter a new scenario

� Chemical Database - to view or edit the Chemical Database

� Quit - to exit TSCREEN.

Figure 2. Main Menu

�� )LOH ,QLWLDO )RUP RI 5HOHDVH &KHPLFDO 'DWDEDVH 4XLW �� )�!+HOS ��!��!6FUROO 9HUWLFDO 0HQXV � �!��!6FUROO +RUL]RQWDO 0HQX �� (QWHU!�/HWWHU 6HOHFW 0HQX ,WHP �)�!([LW &XUUHQW 0HQX �(VF!([LW $OO 0HQXV��

6

Menu selections in TSCREEN can be made by clicking a mouse,by moving the highlight bar with the arrow keys and pressing<Enter>, or by pressing the letter of a menu item that is adifferent color. To enter data for this scenario, select'Initial Form of Release' from the menu bar. The pull-down menushown in Figure 3 will appear.

Figure 3. Initial Form of Release

�� )LOH ,QLWLDO )RUP RI 5HOHDVH &KHPLFDO 'DWDEDVH 4XLW �� ,QLWLDO )RUP RI 5HOHDVH �� 3DUWLFXODWH 0DWWHU 5HOHDVH 7\SH �� *DVHRXV 5HOHDVH 7\SH �� /LTXLG 5HOHDVH 7\SH �� 6XSHUIXQG 5HOHDVH 7\SH �� )�!+HOS ��!��!6FUROO 9HUWLFDO 0HQXV � �!��!6FUROO +RUL]RQWDO 0HQX ��(QWHU!�/HWWHU 6HOHFW 0HQX ,WHP �)�!([LW &XUUHQW 0HQX �(VF!([LW $OO 0HQXV��

TSCREEN has help available at each point in the system,

activated by pressing the <F1> key. Even the selection windowshave help pages associated with them. An example of pressing the<F1> key from the first menu item in the 'Initial Form ofRelease' menu is shown in Figure 4. (See Section 7 for adetailed discussion on the use of the help system.)

7

Figure 4. Help Window

�� )LOH ,QLWLDO )RUP RI 5HOHDVH &KHPLFDO 'DWDEDVH 4XLW �� +HOS � �� &��' �� © 7RSLFV ª � 3DUWLFXODWH 0DWWHU 5HOHDVH 7\SH � �� )��( �� 1H[W ! �� $ 3DUWLFXODWH 0DWWHU W\SH UHOHDVH LV D UHOHDVH RI DQ\ VROLG �� 3UHYLRXV ! PDWHULDO VXFK DV SDUWLFXODWHV� GXVW� RU DVK� �� /RRN 8S ! �� ' 6HH $OVR� 5HOHDVH 'HILQLWLRQ �� 6HH $OVR � �� %�� # �� )�!+HOS ��!��!6FUROO 9HUWLFDO 0HQXV � �!��!6FUROO +RUL]RQWDO 0HQX �� (QWHU!�/HWWHU 6HOHFW 0HQX ,WHP �)�!([LW &XUUHQW 0HQX �(VF!([LW $OO 0HQXV ��

Next select 'Particulate Matter Release Type' from the'Initial Form of Release' menu. Then the menu in Figure 5 willappear.

Figure 5. Particulate Matter Release Type Menu

�� )LOH ,QLWLDO )RUP RI 5HOHDVH &KHPLFDO 'DWDEDVH 4XLW �� ,QLWLDO )RUP RI 5HOHDVH �� 3DUWLFXODWH 0DWWHU 5HOHDVH 7\SH �� *D�� 3DUWLFXODWH 0DWWHU 5HOHDVH 7\SH �� /L :RUNERRN 6FHQDULR �� 6X 6WDFNV�9HQWV � �� )XJLWLYH�:LQGEORZQ 'XVW (PLVVLRQV � �� 'XFWLQJ�&RQQHFWRU )DLOXUHV � �� )�!+HOS ��!��!6FUROO 9HUWLFDO 0HQXV � �!��!6FUROO +RUL]RQWDO 0HQX ��(QWHU!�/HWWHU 6HOHFW 0HQX ,WHP �)�!([LW &XUUHQW 0HQX �(VF!([LW $OO 0HQXV ��

The second menu of release types that appears lists only thescenarios specific to the Initial Form of Release selected fromthe first selection menu (See Section 4 for a complete list ofthe scenario selection menus). The user can return to previousmenus or data entry windows by pressing the <F9> key. Pressing<Esc> from a menu item or from the data entry windows that follow

8

will cause the user to return to the main menu bar.

Data Entry Screens

Once the scenario has been selected, unique data entryscreens will appear for that scenario. These screens will guidethe user through calculations that will select the appropriatedispersion model based on the data entered. For example, some ofthe screens calculate gas densities and others help calculateemission rates. Data entry screens for this example are shown inFigures 6 through 8. Note that in this example there is noscenario input section since the scenario has already beendetermined. Thus, the user is taken directly to the model inputsection.

Figure 6. Data Entry Screen

�� &RQWLQXRXV 3DUWLFXODWH 5HOHDVHV IURP 6WDFNV� 9HQWV � 6FHQDULR �� %DVHG RQ XVHU LQSXW� 6&5((1� PRGHO KDV EHHQ VHOHFWHG� 6&5((1� 02'(/ ,13876 � 3DJH � RI � (QWHU D XQLTXH WLWOH IRU WKLV GDWDV PRGHO UXQ� 3DUWLFXODWH 6WDFN 5HOHDVH 5(/($6( 3$5$0(7(56 (PLVVLRQ 5DWH �4P� �! ��(�� J�V ([LW 9HORFLW\ �([LW9��! �� P�V 5HOHDVH +HLJKW DERYH *URXQG �+V� �! �� P 'LDPHWHU DW 5HOHDVH 3RLQW �'� �! �� P 7HPSHUDWXUH RI WKH 0DWHULDO 5HOHDVHG �7V� �! �� (. $0%,(17 3$5$0(7(5 $PELHQW 7HPSHUDWXUH �7D� �! �� (. �� )�! (GLW �)�! 3UHYLRXV 6FUHHQ �)��! 1H[W 6FUHHQ �(VF! $ERUW ��


�� &RQWLQXRXV 3DUWLFXODWH 5HOHDVHV IURP 6WDFNV� 9HQWV � 6FHQDULR �� 6&5((1� 02'(/ ,13876 � 3DJH � RI � %8,/',1* 3$5$0(7(56 %XLOGLQJ +HLJKW �HQWHU � LI QR EXLOGLQJ� �! �� P %XLOGLQJ 0LQLPXP +RUL]RQWDO 'LPHQVLRQ �! �� P %XLOGLQJ 0D[LPXP +RUL]RQWDO 'LPHQVLRQ �! �� P 85%$1�585$/ &/$66,),&$7,21 (QWHU 8 IRU 8UEDQ � 5 IRU 5XUDO �! 5 )(1&(/,1( ',67$1&( (QWHU WKH GLVWDQFH IURP WKH EDVH RI WKH VWDFN WR WKH SODQW IHQFHOLQH �! �� P

9

�� )�! +HOS �)�! &DOFXODWRU �)�! 3UHYLRXV 6FUHHQ �(VF! $ERUW ��


�� &RQWLQXRXV 3DUWLFXODWH 5HOHDVHV IURP 6WDFNV� 9HQWV � 6FHQDULR �� 6&5((1� 02'(/ ,13876 � 3DJH � RI � 7(55$,1 7<3( ,V WKLV D )/$7 RU 6,03/( 7(55$,1 HYDOXDWLRQ �<�1� �! < 6,03/( 7(55$,1 $UH UHFHSWRUV DERYH VWDFN�EDVH �<�1� �! 1 )/$7 7(55$,1 'R \RX KDYH VSHFLILF ORFDWLRQV ZKHUH \RX ZRXOG OLNH SROOXWDQW FRQFHQWUDWLRQV WR EH FDOFXODWHG �<�1� �! < 'R \RX KDYH UHFHSWRUV DERYH JURXQG OHYHO �L�H� )ODJ 3ROH 5HFHSWRUV� �<�1� �! 1 �� )�! (GLW �)�! 3UHYLRXV 6FUHHQ �)��! 1H[W 6FUHHQ �(VF! $ERUW ��

Based on user input, the SCREEN2 model has been selectedwith Flat terrain only. Note that the program automaticallycalculates concentrations for many receptors. If the userselects "Y" to enter discrete receptors, pressing <F10> willadvance TSCREEN to the next page (see Figure 9) and allow theuser to enter specified distances of interest that will be addedto the automatic receptors.

If the user enters "N" for discrete receptors, SCREEN2 isexecuted with only the automated receptor distances, which extendfrom the fenceline distance out to 50,000 meters.

Figure 9. Data Entry Screen for Discrete Receptors

�� &RQWLQXRXV 3DUWLFXODWH 5HOHDVHV IURP 6WDFNV� 9HQWV � 6FHQDULR �� 6&5((1� 02'(/ ,13876 � 3DJH � RI � 5(&(3725 /2&$7,216� (QWHU �XS WR �� GLVWDQFHV IURP WKH VRXUFH DW ZKLFK FRQFHQWUDWLRQV VKRXOG EH FDOFXODWHG� (QWHU D EODQN DIWHU WKH ODVW GLVWDQFH WR VWRS LQSXW� 'LVWDQFH IURP 'LVWDQFH IURP 'LVWDQFH IURP VRXUFH �PHWHUV� VRXUFH �PHWHUV� VRXUFH �PHWHUV� �� IHQFH ��

10

� �� )�! (GLW �)�! 3UHYLRXV 6FUHHQ �)��! 5XQ 0RGHO �(VF! $ERUW ��

In Figure 9, the first distance is the fenceline distancespecified on the previous page. It will appear automatically. All subsequent distances entered must be greater than thefenceline. <F10> will execute the SCREEN2 model. As the programexecutes the user is shown what percent of the program iscomplete.

Parts Per Million

After the SCREEN2 model has run, the data entry window inFigure 10 appears. The user can choose to have the maximumconcentrations displayed in parts per million (ppm) in additionto µg/m3. "N" is entered in this example. If "Y" had beenentered the user would then be required to enter the appropriatemolecular weight and the concentration in ppm would be calculatedusing the following formula:

concentration(ppm) concentration(µg/m 3)0.0245

Mw

where: Mw = molecular weight (g/g-mole)

Figure 10. Parts Per Million

�� 'R \RX ZDQW PD[LPXP FRQFHQWUDWLRQV LQ SDUWV SHU PLOOLRQ �SSP� �<�1� �! 1 �� )�!+HOS ��!8S ��!'RZQ �(VF!([LW�1R SSP FDOFXODWLRQ ��

Averaging Times

The default averaging time in the SCREEN2 model is 1 hour. If the SCREEN2 model is used, the maximum concentration can becalculated for additional averaging times selected from the menushown in Figure 11. Since we are only interested in 1-houraverages for this example, we will not select any of the

11

additional averaging periods.

Figure 11. Averaging Times

�� $YHUDJLQJ 7LPH �� 7KH GHIDXOW DYHUDJLQJ WLPH LV � KRXU VHOHFW RQH RU PRUH IURP EHORZ� � � �� 0LQXWHV �� 0LQXWHV � +RXUV � +RXUV �� +RXUV $QQXDO �� !8S ��!'RZQ �(QWHU!��6SDFH! 0DUN�8QPDUN 7LPH �)�! 6HOHFW 0DUNHG 7LPHV �(VF! $ERUW :LWKRXW 6HOHFWLRQ ��

Averaging times can be selected by pressing the <Enter> keyor the Space bar to mark the averaging time with an asterisk. After all of the desired averaging times have been selected,press <F5> to proceed. If additional averaging times wereselected, the estimated concentrations for the new averagingtimes would appear at the end of the model output.

Model Output

When the model has completed execution, the output will bepresented on the screen. A portion of the model's output as itwould appear on the screen is shown in Figure 12. A completelisting of the model's output is shown in Figure 13. The usercan scroll through the output with the <�>/<�> or <PgUp>/<PgDn>keys. A complete list of the SCREEN2 model output is shown inFigure 13. The user can scroll through the output using thevarious keys shown. The user can also graph, print or save theentire output to a file. The instructions for the keys used inviewing the model output are explained in Section 6 of thisappendix.

The SCREEN2 model output begins with the time and date thatthe model was run. Next, there is the model name and versionnumber. Following the model name is the run's title and the userinput. Next, the output contains a summary of results showingthe maximum concentration and the distance to the maximum. Next,there is a list of concentrations for SCREEN2's automateddistances. Finally, there is a listing of the cavityconcentrations since the effects of building downwash are beingconsidered. If additional averaging times had been selected,these results would appear at the end of the model output.

12

Figure 12. Model Output on the Screen

�� &RQWLQXRXV 3DUWLFXODWH 5HOHDVHV IURP 6WDFNV DQG 9HQWV � 6FHQDULR �� 6&5((1� 02'(/ 581 9(56,21 '$7(' �� 3DUWLFXODWH 6WDFN 5HOHDVH 6,03/( 7(55$,1 ,13876� 6285&( 7<3( 32,17 (0,66,21 5$7( �*�6� ��(�� 67$&. +(,*+7 �0� �� 67. ,16,'( ',$0 �0� �� 67. (;,7 9(/2&,7< �0�6� �� 67. *$6 (;,7 7(03 �.� �� $0%,(17 $,5 7(03 �.� �� 5(&(3725 +(,*+7 �0� �� 85%$1�585$/ 237,21 585$/ �� !� ��!� � �!� ��!� $OW��!� $OW��!� �3J8S!� �3J'Q!� �+RPH!� �(QG! �*! *UDSK �3! 3ULQW �)! 6DYH WR )LOH �(VF! ([LW ��

Figure 13. Complete Model Output

��

��

6&5((1� 02'(/ 581

9(56,21 '$7(' ��

3DUWLFXODWH 6WDFN 5HOHDVH

6,03/( 7(55$,1 ,13876�

6285&( 7<3( 32,17

(0,66,21 5$7( �*�6� ��(��

67$&. +(,*+7 �0� ��

67. ,16,'( ',$0 �0� ��

67. (;,7 9(/2&,7< �0�6� ��

67. *$6 (;,7 7(03 �.� ��

$0%,(17 $,5 7(03 �.� ��

5(&(3725 +(,*+7 �0� ��

85%$1�585$/ 237,21 585$/

%8,/',1* +(,*+7 �0� ��

0,1 +25,= %/'* ',0 �0� ��

0$; +25,= %/'* ',0 �0� ��

6800$5< 2) 6&5((1 02'(/ 5(68/76

13

&$/&8/$7,21 0$; &21& ',67 72 7(55$,1

352&('85( �8*�0 �� 0$; �0� +7 �0�

��

6,03/( 7(55$,1 ��

%8,/',1* &$9,7<�� ',67 &$9,7< /(1*7+�

%8,/',1* &$9,7<�� ',67 &$9,7< /(1*7+�

5(0(0%(5 72 ,1&/8'( %$&.*5281' &21&(175$7,216

%82<� )/8; �� 0 ��6 �� 020� )/8; �� 0 ��6 ��

)8// 0(7(252/2*<

6&5((1 $8720$7(' ',67$1&(6

7(55$,1 +(,*+7 2) �� 0 $%29( 67$&. %$6( 86(' )25 )2//2:,1* ',67$1&(6

',67 &21& 8��0 867. 0,; +7 3/80( 6,*0$ 6,*0$

�0� �8*�0 �� 67$% �0�6� �0�6� �0� +7 �0� < �0� = �0� ':$6+

��

�� 66

�� 66

�� 66

�� 66

�� 66

�� 66

�� 66

�� 66

�� 66

�� 66

�� 66

�� 66

�� 66

�� 66

�� 66

�� 66

�� 66

�� 66

�� (�� 66

�� (�� 66

�� (�� 66

�� (�� 66

�� (�� 66

�� (�� 66

�� (�� 66

�� (�� 66

�� (�� 66

�� (�� 66

�� (�� 66

�� (�� 66

�� (�� 66

�� (�� 66

14

�� (�� 66

�� (�� 66

�� (�� 66

�� (�� 66

�� (�� 66

�� (�� 66

�� (�� 66

�� (�� 66

�� (�� 66

�� (�� 66

�� (�� 66

�� (�� 66

�� (�� 66

�� (�� 66

�� (�� 66

�� (�� 66

�� (�� 66

�� (�� 66

0$;,080 ��+5 &21&(175$7,21 $7 25 %(<21' �� 0�

�� 66

',67 ',67$1&( )520 7+( 6285&(

&21& 0$;,080 *5281' /(9(/ &21&(175$7,21

67$% $70263+(5,& 67$%,/,7< &/$66 �� $� � %� � &� � '� � (� � )�

8��0 :,1' 63((' $7 7+( ��0 /(9(/

867. :,1' 63((' $7 67$&. +(,*+7

0,; +7 0,;,1* +(,*+7

3/80( +7 3/80( &(17(5/,1( +(,*+7

6,*0$ < /$7(5$/ ',63(56,21 3$5$0(7(5

6,*0$ = 9(57,&$/ ',63(56,21 3$5$0(7(5

':$6+ %8,/',1* '2:1:$6+�

':$6+ 0($16 12 &$/& 0$'( �&21& ��

':$6+ 12 0($16 12 %8,/',1* '2:1:$6+ 86('

':$6+ +6 0($16 +8%(5�61<'(5 '2:1:$6+ 86('

':$6+ 66 0($16 6&+8/0$1�6&,5( '2:1:$6+ 86('

':$6+ 1$ 0($16 '2:1:$6+ 127 $33/,&$%/(� ;�� /%

6&5((1 ',6&5(7( ',67$1&(6

7(55$,1 +(,*+7 2) �� 0 $%29( 67$&. %$6( 86(' )25 )2//2:,1* ',67$1&(6

',67 &21& 8��0 867. 0,; +7 3/80( 6,*0$ 6,*0$

�0� �8*�0 �� 67$% �0�6� �0�6� �0� +7 �0� < �0� = �0� ':$6+

��

�� 66

':$6+ 0($16 12 &$/& 0$'( �&21& ��

':$6+ 12 0($16 12 %8,/',1* '2:1:$6+ 86('

':$6+ +6 0($16 +8%(5�61<'(5 '2:1:$6+ 86('

':$6+ 66 0($16 6&+8/0$1�6&,5( '2:1:$6+ 86('

':$6+ 1$ 0($16 '2:1:$6+ 127 $33/,&$%/(� ;�� /%

&$9,7< &$/&8/$7,21 � � &$9,7< &$/&8/$7,21 � �

&21& �8*�0 �� &21& �8*�0 ��

&5,7 :6 #��0 �0�6� �� &5,7 :6 #��0 �0�6� ��

&5,7 :6 # +6 �0�6� �� &5,7 :6 # +6 �0�6� ��

15

',/87,21 :6 �0�6� �� ',/87,21 :6 �0�6� ��

&$9,7< +7 �0� �� &$9,7< +7 �0� ��

&$9,7< /(1*7+ �0� �� &$9,7< /(1*7+ �0� ��

$/21*:,1' ',0 �0� �� $/21*:,1' ',0 �0� ��

(1' 2) 6&5((1 02'(/ 287387

Save to File

If the 'Save to File' option is selected, the user will beasked to enter a file name of no more than eight characters inthe data entry window shown in Figure 13. To view previouslysaved model output at a later time, select 'File' from the mainmenu bar. Then select 'Access Model Printer Output' and a listof files containing previously saved model output will appear asshown in Figure 14. The menu in Figure 14 also contains 'AccessData from Previous Scenario' which allows the user to retrievedata from previously run scenarios by selecting the scenario'stitle from a list. The other menu item is 'Access Model GraphicOutput' which allows the user the retrieve a graph from a list offiles containing previously saved graphs.

Figure 13. Save to File

�� &RQWLQXRXV 3DUWLFXODWH 5HOHDVHV IURP 6WDFNV� 9HQWV � 6FHQDULR �� 6&5((1� 02'(/ 581 9(56,21 '$7(' �� 3DUWLFXODWH 6WDFN 5HOHDVH �� 6,0 (QWHU D XQLTXH ILOH QDPH IRU WKLV PRGHO RXWSXW �! �537 �(VF! ([LW� 1R 6DYH �� 67. *$6 (;,7 7(03 �.� �� $0%,(17 $,5 7(03 �.� �� 5(&(3725 +(,*+7 �0� �� 85%$1�585$/ 237,21 585$/ �� !� ��!� � �!� ��!� $OW��!� $OW��!� �3J8S!� �3J'Q!� �+RPH!� �(QG! �*! *UDSK �3! 3ULQW �)! 6DYH WR )LOH �(VF! ([LW ��

16

Figure 14. Retrieve Model Output

�� )LOH ,QLWLDO )RUP RI 5HOHDVH &KHPLFDO 'DWDEDVH 4XLW �� )LOH �� $FFHVV 'DWD IURP 3UHYLRXV 6FHQDULR �� $FFHVV 0RGHO 3ULQWHU 2XWSXW �� $FFH�� 0RGHO 3ULQWHG 2XWSXW �� )$; 537 �� 59'�� 537 �� 6��$// 537 �� 6&51$// 537 �� (QWHU! 6HOHFW +LJKOLJKWHG 5XQ �(VF! ([LW�1R 6HOHFW �� ! 8S ��! 'RZQ �3J8S! 8S 2QH 6FUHHQ �3J'Q! 'RZQ 2QH 6FUHHQ �� +RPH! 7RS �(QG! %RWWRP �'HO! 'HOHWH )LOH �� 3UHVV DQ\ RWKHU NH\ WR ILQG D ILOH EHJLQQLQJ ZLWK WKDW FKDUDFWHU ��

Graph

If the 'Graph' option in Figure 12 is selected, a plot ofthe concentrations vs distances will be drawn. The followingwindow will appear first as shown in Figure 15.

Figure 15. Distance for Graph

�� *UDSKLFV � 'LVWDQFH �� (QWHU 0D[LPXP 'LVWDQFH IRU *UDSK �! � .P *UDSK LV IRU 6LPSOH WHUUDLQ RQO\� �� (VF! 8VH �� .P ��

In this example 5 km has been selected. If the <Esc> keyhad been pressed, the graph would be plotted from 100 m to 50.00km downwind. Once a distance has been specified, the followingmenu will appear as shown in Figure 16 from which you can selectan output device for the graph.

17

Figure 16. Graphic Output Menu

�� *UDSKLFV � 0DLQ 0HQX �� 6FUHHQ (3621 );� 0; � 'UDIW 4XDOLW\ (3621 );� 0; � +LJK 4XDOLW\ (3621 /4 � 'UDIW 4XDOLW\ (3621 /4 � +LJK 4XDOLW\ 1(& 3LQZULWHU � 'UDIW 4XDOLW\ 1(& 3LQZULWHU � +LJK 4XDOLW\ 2.,'$7$ � 'UDIW 4XDOLW\ 2.,'$7$ � +LJK 4XDOLW\ +3 /DVHU-HW�'HVN-HW � 'UDIW 4XDOLW\ +3 /DVHU-HW�'HVN-HW � +LJK 4XDOLW\ +HZOHWW�3DFNDUG SORWWHU +RXVWRQ ,QVWUXPHQWV SORWWHU &KDQJH 'LVWDQFH IRU *UDSK 6DYH *UDSK WR )LOH �� (VF! ([LW *UDSKLFV ��

From this menu the output device is selected. For thisexample, the user should select 'Screen'.

Note that if your computer does not have the ability todisplay graphics, the option 'Screen' will not be on this menu.If a printer is selected then the output device is assumed to beLPT1. If a plotter if selected then the output device is assumedto be COM1. For more information on redirection of output, theuser should consult the DOS manual. Before printing the graph,be sure that the printer is connected and on-line. Afterexiting from the Graphics menu the user is returned to the modeloutput. Consult your printer's user's manual to determine whichof the above printers is compatible with your printer.

If 'Save Graph to File' is chosen from the bottom of the menushown in Figure 16, then the data entry window in Figure 17 willappear. Enter a filename of not more than eight characters. Ifyou choose to save the graph's data, then the graph can begenerated at a later time. To view a previously saved graph at alater time, select 'File' from the main menu bar. Then select'Access Model Graphic Output' and a list of previously savedgraphs will appear as shown in Figure 18.

18

Figure 17. Save Graph

�� *UDSKLFV � 6DYH �� (QWHU D XQLTXH ILOH QDPH IRU WKLV JUDSKLF RXWSXW �! �*5) �� (VF! ([LW� 1R 6DYH ��

Figure 18. Retrieve Graph

�� )LOH ,QLWLDO )RUP RI 5HOHDVH &KHPLFDO 'DWDEDVH 4XLW �� )LOH �� $FFHVV 'DWD IURP 3UHYLRXV 6FHQDULR �� $FFHVV 0RGHO 3ULQWHU 2XWSXW �� $FFHVV 0RGHO *UDSKLF 2XWSXW �� 0RGHO *UDSKLF 2XWSXW �� 6&513� *5) �� 38))� *5) �� 6&513� *5) �� 6&513� *5) �� (QWHU! 6HOHFW +LJKOLJKWHG 5XQ �(VF! ([LW�1R 6HOHFW �� ! 8S ��! 'RZQ �3J8S! 8S 2QH 6FUHHQ �3J'Q! 'RZQ 2QH 6FUHHQ �� +RPH! 7RS �(QG! %RWWRP �'HO! 'HOHWH )LOH �� 3UHVV DQ\ RWKHU NH\ WR ILQG D ILOH EHJLQQLQJ ZLWK WKDW FKDUDFWHU ��

If you are using a plotter, the DOS MODE command should beused to configure your computer's communications port tocorrectly match the communications settings of the plotter. Otherwise, you will probably not get any output from the plotter.

For example, the Hewlett-Packard 7475A plotter has a set ofswitches located on the back of the plotter which allows you toset the communications parameters. A common setting for theseswitches is shown in Figure 19.

19

Figure 19. Switch Configuration

6� 6� < 86 $� %� %� %� %�

��

The DOS MODE command which should be used to correspond to thesesettings is:

MODE COM1:96,E,7,1

This command sets serial port 1 (COM1) to 9600 baud with evenparity, seven data bits, and 1 stop bit.

Each plotter has unique methods of setting thecommunications parameters. You should use the plotter's manualfor the plotter configuration in conjunction with your DOSmanual's explanation on the use of the MODE command to be certainthat your computer and plotter are configured correctly.

An example of the graph whose descriptive title was saved as"Particulate Stack Release" in the Data Entry Screen depicted inFigure 6 is shown in Figure 20.

20

Figure 20. Graphic of Concentration vs Distance

Exiting TSCREEN

After exiting the graph, the user returns to the modeloutput viewing window shown in Figure 13. After pressing <Esc>from this window the user will return to the main menu bar shownin Figure 2. At this point the user can exit TSCREEN byselecting 'Quit' from the main menu bar as shown in Figure 21.

Figure 21. Quit Menu

��)LOH ,QLWLDO )RUP RI 5HOHDVH &KHPLFDO 'DWDEDVH 4XLW �� 4XLW 76&5((1 " �� <HV �� 1R �� )�!+HOS ��!��!6FUROO 9HUWLFDO 0HQXV � �!��!6FUROO +RUL]RQWDO 0HQX �� (QWHU!�/HWWHU 6HOHFW 0HQX ,WHP �)�!([LW &XUUHQW 0HQX �(VF!([LW $OO 0HQXV��

21

4. Scenario Selection

Twenty-four of most prevalent release scenarios wereselected for TSCREEN and are grouped according to fourcategories: particulate matter, gases, liquids, and releases fromSuperfund sites.

To select a scenario in TSCREEN, first select 'Initial Formof Release' from the menu bar across the top of the screen. The'Initial Form of Release' Menu as shown in Figure 22 will thenappear.

Figure 22. Initial Form of Release Menu

��)LOH ,QLWLDO )RUP RI 5HOHDVH &KHPLFDO 'DWDEDVH 4XLW �� ,QLWLDO )RUP RI 5HOHDVH �� 3DUWLFXODWH 0DWWHU 5HOHDVH 7\SH �� *DVHRXV 5HOHDVH 7\SH �� /LTXLG 5HOHDVH 7\SH �� 6XSHUIXQG 5HOHDVH 7\SH �� )�!+HOS ��!��!6FUROO 9HUWLFDO 0HQXV � �!��!6FUROO +RUL]RQWDO 0HQX �� (QWHU!�/HWWHU 6HOHFW 0HQX ,WHP �)�!([LW &XUUHQW 0HQX �(VF!([LW $OO 0HQXV��

If the release is any solid material such as particulates,dust, or ash, then 'Particulate Matter Release Type' should beselected. The menu in Figure 23 will appear listing particulatescenarios.

Figure 23. Particulate Matter Release Type Menu

��)LOH ,QLWLDO )RUP RI 5HOHDVH &KHPLFDO 'DWDEDVH 4XLW �� ,QLWLDO )RUP RI 5HOHDVH �� 3DUWLFXODWH 0DWWHU 5HOHDVH 7\SH �� *D�� 3DUWLFXODWH 0DWWHU 5HOHDVH 7\SH �� /L :RUNERRN 6FHQDULR �� 6X 6WDFNV�9HQWV � �� )XJLWLYH�:LQGEORZQ 'XVW (PLVVLRQV � �� 'XFWLQJ�&RQQHFWRU )DLOXUHV � �� )�!+HOS ��!��!6FUROO 9HUWLFDO 0HQXV � �!��!6FUROO +RUL]RQWDO 0HQX ��(QWHU!�/HWWHU 6HOHFW 0HQX ,WHP �)�!([LW &XUUHQW 0HQX �(VF!([LW $OO 0HQXV ��

If the release is any matter in vapor form such as sulfurdioxide, volatile organics, etc, then the user should select

22

'Gaseous Release Type'. The menu in Figure 24 will appearlisting gaseous scenarios. Two scenario numbers for one menuchoice indicates that there is both a continuous (first number)and instantaneous (second number) scenario.

Figure 24. Gaseous Release Type Menu

��)LOH ,QLWLDO )RUP RI 5HOHDVH &KHPLFDO 'DWDEDVH 4XLW �� ,QLWLDO )RUP RI 5HOHDVH �� 3DUWLFXODWH 0DWWHU 5HOHDVH 7\SH �� *DVHRXV 5HOHDVH 7\SH �� /L�� *DVHRXV 5HOHDVH 7\SH �� 6X :RUNERRN 6FHQDULR �� )ODUHG 6WDFN (PLVVLRQV � �� 6WDFNV� 9HQWV� &RQYHQWLRQDO 3RLQW 6RXUFHV � �� /HDNV IURP 5HVHUYRLU � �� /HDNV IURP D 3LSH $WWDFKHG WR 5HVHUYRLU � �� 0XOWLSOH )XJLWLYH 6RXUFHV � �� /DQG 7UHDWPHQW )DFLOLWLHV � �� 0XQLFLSDO 6ROLG ?�:DVWH /DQGILOOV � �� 3HVWLFLGH�+HUELFLGH $SSOLFDWLRQV � �� 'LVFKDUJHV IURP (TXLSPHQW 2SHQLQJV � �� )�!+HOS ��!��!6FUROO 9HUWLFDO 0HQXV � �!��!6FUROO +RUL]RQWDO 0HQX ��(QWHU!�/HWWHU 6HOHFW 0HQX ,WHP �)�!([LW &XUUHQW 0HQX �(VF!([LW $OO 0HQXV ��

If the release is material that may immediately evaporate(no pooling results) or may pool first and then evaporate, thenthe user should select 'Liquid Release Type'. The menu in Figure25 will appear listing liquid scenarios. Two scenario numbersfor one menu choice indicates that there is both a continuous(first number) and instantaneous (second number) scenario.

23

Figure 25. Liquid Release Type

�� )LOH ,QLWLDO )RUP RI 5HOHDVH &KHPLFDO 'DWDEDVH 4XLW �� ,QLWLDO )RUP RI 5HOHDVH �� 3DUWLFXODWH 0DWWHU 5HOHDVH 7\SH �� *DVHRXV 5HOHDVH 7\SH �� /LTXLG 5HOHDVH 7\SH �� 6X�� /LTXLG 5HOHDVH 7\SH �� :RUNERRN 6FHQDULR �� 6XUIDFH ,PSRXQGPHQWV �/DJRRQV� � �� 3KDVH 6DWXUDWHG /LTXLG IURP 3UHVVXUL]HG 6WRUDJH � �� 3KDVH 6XEFRROHG /LTXLG IURP 3UHVVXUL]HG 6WRUDJH � �� +LJK 9RODWLOLW\ /LTXLG /HDNV � �� /RZ 9RODWLOLW\ /LTXLG /HDNV � �� )�!+HOS ��!��!6FUROO 9HUWLFDO 0HQXV � �!��!6FUROO +RUL]RQWDO 0HQX ��(QWHU!�/HWWHU 6HOHFW 0HQX ,WHP �)�!([LW &XUUHQW 0HQX �(VF!([LW $OO 0HQXV��

If 'Superfund Release Type' is selected then the menu inFigure 26 will appear listing Superfund scenarios.

Figure 26. Superfund Release Type

��)LOH ,QLWLDO )RUP RI 5HOHDVH &KHPLFDO 'DWDEDVH 4XLW �� ,QLWLDO )RUP RI 5HOHDVH �� 3DUWLFXODWH 0DWWHU 5HOHDVH 7\SH �� *DVHRXV 5HOHDVH 7\SH �� /LTXLG 5HOHDVH 7\SH �� 6XSHUIXQG 5HOHDVH 7\SH �� 6XSHUIXQG 5HOHDVH 7\SH �� :RUNERRN 6FHQDULR �� $LU 6WULSSHU � �� 6RLO 9DSRU ([WUDFWLRQ �69(� � �� 6RLO ([FDYDWLRQ � �� 7KHUPDO ,QFLQHUDWLRQ � �� )�!+HOS ��!��!6FUROO 9HUWLFDO 0HQXV � �!��!6FUROO +RUL]RQWDO 0HQX ��(QWHU!�/HWWHU 6HOHFW 0HQX ,WHP �)�!([LW &XUUHQW 0HQX �(VF!([LW $OO 0HQXV ��

5. Determining Maximum Short-Term Ground Level Concentration

Maximum short-term ground level concentrations in TSCREENare based on three current EPA screening models (SCREEN2, RVD,and PUFF) that are imbedded in the TSCREEN model and animplementation of the Britter-McQuaid model. SCREEN2 is aGaussian dispersion model applicable to continuous releases of

24

particulate matter and non-reactive, non-dense gases that areemitted from point, area, volume and flared sources. The SCREEN2model implements all of the single source short-term procedurescontained in the EPA screening procedures document (EPA, 1992b). This includes providing estimated maximum ground-levelconcentrations and distances to the maximum based on a pre-selected range of meteorological conditions. In addition,SCREEN2 has the option of incorporating the effects of buildingdownwash. The RVD model (EPA, 1989) provides short-term ambientconcentration estimates for screening pollutant sources emittingdenser-than-air gases and aerosols through vertically-directedreleases. The model is based on empirical equations derived fromwind tunnel tests and estimates the maximum ground levelconcentration at plume touchdown at up to 30 downwind receptorlocations. The PUFF model (Petersen, 1982) is used where therelease duration is finite but smaller than the travel time(i.e., an instantaneous release.) This model is based on theGaussian instantaneous puff equation and is applicable forneutrally buoyant non-reactive toxic air releases. The Britter-McQuaid model is used for continuous and instantaneous denser-than-air scenarios.

6. Enter/Edit Scenario Data

This section describes the data entry procedures and thefunction of various keys.

Data Fields

Data for each scenario is entered in two sections. There isthe scenario input section which contains a unique set of inputsfor each scenario. The user enters this section first and inputsdata. Based on user data, one of the four models is selected byTSCREEN, and the user proceeds to the model input section. Theinputs for this section are unique for each model although theyare not unique for each scenario. For certain scenarios there isno unique scenario input section, and the user proceeds directlyto the model input section. Each input section starts with 'Page1 of. . . '. A typical data entry window for a scenario inputsection is shown in Figure 27.

25

Figure 27. Typical Data Entry Window

�� )ODUHG 6WDFN (PLVVLRQV � 6FHQDULR �� %DVHG RQ XVHU LQSXW� 6&5((1� PRGHO KDV EHHQ VHOHFWHG� 6&5((1 02'(/ ,13876 � 3DJH � RI � (QWHU D XQLTXH WLWOH IRU WKLV GDWDV PRGHO UXQ� 5(/($6( 3$5$0(7(56 (QWHU WKH (PLVVLRQ 5DWH �4P�� LI XQNQRZQ HQWHU WKH ER[HG YDULDEOHV EHORZ WR FDOFXODWH �! J�V �� 9ROXPH )UDFWLRQ RI 3ROOXWDQW �9RO� �! � 0DWHULDO )ORZ 5DWH �9� �! FXELF P�V 0ROHFXODU :HLJKW RI 0DWHULDO 5HOHDVHG �0Z� �! J�J�PROH �� 7RWDO +HDW 5HOHDVH 5DWH �+U� �! FDO�V 5HOHDVH +HLJKW DERYH *URXQG �+V� �! P �� )�! +HOS �)�! &DOFXODWRU �)�! 3UHYLRXV 6FUHHQ �(VF! $ERUW ��

Commands active while editing data fields include:

<F1> - Help on current field <F3> - Calculator<F9> - Return to previous screen<Esc> - Abort entry and return to the main menu bar

The keys that can be used for editing while in the highlighteddata entry fields are as follows:

<Insert> or <Ins> - toggle insert/overwrite mode (cursor changessize)<Delete> or <Del> - delete character at cursor position< -> (left arrow) - move cursor left one character<-�> (right arrow) - move cursor right one character<Ctrl>< -> (Control key and left arrow) - move cursor left oneword<Ctrl><-�> (Control key and right arrow) - move cursor right oneword<Backspace> - move cursor back one character and delete character<Home> - move cursor to beginning of data in field<End> - move cursor to end of data in field

Valid entry into numeric fields are numbers, minus signs(-), plussigns(+), a decimal(.), and the letter E or e to stand forscientific notation (6.02E026 = 6.02e026 = 6.02E+26 = 6.02e+26 =6.02 x 1026).

Titles

26

An important data field in TSCREEN for rerunning oldscenarios is the Scenario Title field. This field should containa unique title for each run. Several ways to make the titleunique are to give the facility name or add example 1, example 2,etc, or the date and time to the title. This is helpful when theuser wants to retrieve data from a previously entered scenariorun by selecting 'File' from the main menu bar then selecting'Access Data from Previous Scenario'. The selection window willappear allowing the user to view the titles of all previously runscenarios. A previous scenario may be selected to either runagain or update the data for another run. This window is shownin Figure 28. The last scenario entered appears at the bottom ofthe list.

Figure 28. Previously Entered Scenarios

�� )LOH ,QLWLDO )RUP RI 5HOHDVH &KHPLFDO 'DWDEDVH 4XLW �� )LOH �� $FFHVV 'DWD IURP 3UHYLRXV 6FHQDULR �� $FFH�� 3UHYLRXV 6FHQDULR �� $FFH �� -RKQVRQ :LGJHW &RPSDQ\ 5XQ�� 'XVW (MHFWLRQ 1XPEHU � �� &RQW� 3DUW� 6WDFN 5HOHDVH�3RZHU 3ODQW�� 3DUWLFXODWH 6WDFN 5HOHDVH �� (QWHU! 6HOHFW +LJKOLJKWHG 5XQ �(VF! ([LW�1R 6HOHFW �� ! 8S ��! 'RZQ �3J8S! 8S 2QH 6FUHHQ �3J'Q! 'RZQ 2QH 6FUHHQ �� +RPH! 7RS �(QG! %RWWRP �'HO! 'HOHWH 5XQ �� 3UHVV DQ\ RWKHU NH\ WR ILQG D WLWOH EHJLQQLQJ ZLWK WKDW FKDUDFWHU ��

From this window a previous scenario's data can be reloaded

by highlighting that scenario's title and pressing the <Enter>key or clicking with the mouse. The 'Initial Form of Release'menu will appear with the highlighted bar on the form of releaseof the selected scenario. By selecting the highlighted bar onthe preselected release type, a second menu will appear with theappropriate scenario name and number highlighted. By selectingthis scenario, the data entry windows of the scenario aredisplayed with the data fields filled with the loaded scenario'sdata. Menu selections can be changed at any point, but changingthe selections will cause the loaded data to be lost, and theuser will have to retrieve that scenario's data again from themenu in Figure 28.

Calculated Fields

27

Some of the data entry screens have fields that can be inputdirectly or calculated automatically from certain otherparameters. The alternative parameters will be located inside abox directly below the unknown parameter. In Figure 29, the userdid not know the emission rate; therefore, the data fields in thebox were entered. Once all of the boxed variables were entered,the emission rate was calculated and displayed. If the screen isreedited and the calculated field is changed then the otherparameter fields making up the calculated value will be blankedout. If the emission rate is known it can be entered directlyand the program will automatically skip over the parameter fieldsin the box.

Figure 29. Calculated Field Illustration

�� )ODUHG 6WDFN (PLVVLRQV � 6FHQDULR �� %DVHG RQ XVHU LQSXW� 6&5((1� PRGHO KDV EHHQ VHOHFWHG� 6&5((1 02'(/ ,13876 � 3DJH � RI � (QWHU D XQLTXH WLWOH IRU WKLV GDWDV PRGHO UXQ� *DVHRXV 5HOHDVH IURP )ODUHG 6RXUFH 5(/($6( 3$5$0(7(56 (QWHU WKH (PLVVLRQ 5DWH �4P�� LI XQNQRZQ HQWHU WKH ER[HG YDULDEOHV EHORZ WR FDOFXODWH �! �� J�V �� 9ROXPH )UDFWLRQ RI 3ROOXWDQW �9RO� �! �� 0DWHULDO )ORZ 5DWH �9� �! �� FXELF P�V 0ROHFXODU :HLJKW RI 0DWHULDO 5HOHDVHG �0Z� �! �� J�J PROH �� 7RWDO +HDW 5HOHDVH 5DWH �+U� �! ��(� FDO�V 5HOHDVH +HLJKW DERYH *URXQG �+V� �! �� P �� )�! (GLW �)�! 3UHYLRXV 6FUHHQ �)��! 1H[W 6FUHHQ �(VF! $ERUW ��

End of Screen Action

Once data entry on the screen has been completed, theprogram presents the user with a chance to visually review thedata entered on the current screen as shown in Figure 29. Theonly active keyboard commands are highlighted at the bottom ofthe screen:

<F2> - Edit the current screen <F9> - Return to previous screen <F10> - Proceed to next screen <Esc> - Abort current scenario and return to main menu bar

Field Sensitive Help

The help facility (see Section 7.) can be accessed by

28

pressing the <F1> key from any of the selection menus or dataentry fields. After pressing the <F1> key a window with helptext will appear to further define or clarify the current dataentry field. The user can then scroll up or down through thehelp text or view help for other data fields using the buttons onthe left side of the help window. An example of a help screen isshown in Figure 30.

Figure 30. Sample Help Screen

�� (YDSRUDWLRQ IURP 6XUIDFH ,PSRXQGPHQWV �/DJRRQV� � 6FHQDULR �� +HOS �

� (PLVVLRQ 5DWH � 6FHQDULR �� © 7RSLFV ª )��(

� 1H[W ! (PLVVLRQ UDWHV IURP ZHOO�PL[HG DTXHRXV ZDVWH LQ VXUIDFH

LPSRXQGPHQWV DUH GHVFULEHG LQ VHFWLRQ �� LQ WKH � 3UHYLRXV ! ZRUNERRN� 7KH IROORZLQJ LV D VLPSOLILHG VFUHHQLQJ HPLVVLRQ

UDWH HVWLPDWH EDVHG RQ SDUDPHWHUV GHVFULEHG LQ WKH � /RRN 8S ! ZRUNERRN�

��' ( .&R$ 6HH $OVR � %�� ZKHUH�

( HPLVVLRQ UDWH &R LQLWLDO FRQFHQWUDWLRQ RI WKH FKHPLFDO LQ WKH ZDVWH �J�FXELF P� $ DUHD RI LPSRXQGPHQW �Pô� . HTXLOLEULXP FRQVWDQW

�� )�! +HOS �)�! &DOFXODWRU �)�! 3UHYLRXV 6FUHHQ �(VF! $ERUW ��

Chemical Look-up Database

The chemical look-up database is a table of chemicals andtheir associated parameters that are applicable to TSCREEN.TSCREEN is initially distributed with only two chemicals. Anydesired chemical and its associated parameters may be added tosuit the specific needs of the user. The chemical database canbe accessed in two ways. First, the chemical database can beaccessed by selecting 'Chemical Database' from the main menubar. If this selection is made the menu shown in Figure 31 willappear.

29

Figure 31. Chemical Database Menu

�� )LOH ,QLWLDO )RUP RI 5HOHDVH &KHPLFDO 'DWDEDVH 4XLW �� &KHPLFDO 'DWDEDVH �� 6HDUFK WKH 'DWDEDVH �� $GG D &KHPLFDO WR 'DWDEDVH �� )�!+HOS ��!��!6FUROO 9HUWLFDO 0HQXV � �!��!6FUROO +RUL]RQWDO 0HQX �� (QWHU!�/HWWHU 6HOHFW 0HQX ,WHP �)�!([LW &XUUHQW 0HQX �(VF!([LW $OO 0HQXV��

To search the chemical database for a specific chemical,select 'Search the Database' and a scrollable window appears witha list of the available chemical names as shown in Figure 32.

Figure 32. Chemical Name List

�� &KHPLFDO 1DPH �� %(1=(1( &+/25,1( �� (QWHU! 6HOHFW +LJKOLJKWHG &KHPLFDO �(VF! ([LW�1R 6HOHFW ��! 8S ��! 'RZQ �3J8S! 8S 2QH 6FUHHQ �3J'Q! 'RZQ 2QH 6FUHHQ �+RPH! 7RS �(QG! %RWWRP 3UHVV NH\ WR ILQG D FKHPLFDO EHJLQQLQJ ZLWK WKDW FKDUDFWHU ��

The chemical names contained in the database will bedisplayed in alphabetical order. The highlighted bar can bemoved directly to the first chemical name starting with a certainletter just by pressing that letter key. The 'Chemical Name'window will size itself proportionally to the number of chemicalnames contained in the database up to the number of chemicalnames that can fit on the screen. After a chemical is selected,the chemical parameters will be displayed.

If 'Search Chemical Database' was selected from the menu inFigure 31, the Chemical Database parameter window in Figure 33will appear. If <Ins> is pressed, the user can edit the data inany of the fields except the Chemical Name. If <Del> is pressed,the user can delete the chemical that is currently in the window. If <Esc> is pressed, the user will return to the chemical list.

30

Figure 33. Chemical Database Parameters

�� &KHPLFDO 'DWD �� &KHPLFDO 1DPH %(1=(1( %RLOLQJ 3RLQW DW $PELHQW 3UHVVXUH�� (. 6SHFLILF +HDW RI /LTXLG DW &RQVWDQW 3UHVVXUH �� -�NJ (. DW &RQVWDQW 9ROXPH �� -�NJ (. 6SHFLILF +HDW RI 9DSRU DW &RQVWDQW 3UHVVXUH �� -�NJ (. DW &RQVWDQW 9ROXPH �� -�NJ (. 0ROHFXODU :HLJKW �� NJ�NPRO /DWHQW +HDW RI 9DSRUL]DWLRQ �� (� -�NJ /LTXLG 'HQVLW\ �� NJ�FXELF P &ULWLFDO 7HPSHUDWXUH �� (. �� ,QV! (GLW �'HO! 'HOHWH �(VF! ([LW 9LHZ 6FUHHQ ��

If 'Add a Chemical to Database' was selected from the menuin Figure 31, the Chemical Data window in Figure 33 will appear. A chemical list will not appear. A chemical name must be enteredbefore any of the other parameters can be entered. If <Esc> ispressed, TSCREEN will ask if the new chemical is to be saved. Then the user will return to the menu in Figure 34.

Figure 34. Chemical Database Parameters for Adding

�� &KHPLFDO 'DWD �� &KHPLFDO 1DPH %RLOLQJ 3RLQW DW $PELHQW 3UHVVXUH�� (. 6SHFLILF +HDW RI /LTXLG DW &RQVWDQW 3UHVVXUH �� -�NJ (. DW &RQVWDQW 9ROXPH �� -�NJ (. 6SHFLILF +HDW RI 9DSRU DW &RQVWDQW 3UHVVXUH �� -�NJ (. DW &RQVWDQW 9ROXPH �� -�NJ (. 0ROHFXODU :HLJKW �� NJ�NPRO /DWHQW +HDW RI 9DSRUL]DWLRQ �� -�NJ /LTXLG 'HQVLW\ �� NJ�FXELF P &ULWLFDO 7HPSHUDWXUH �� (. �� ! 8S ��! 'RZQ �(VF! ([LW $GG 6FUHHQ ��

The second way to enter the chemical database is byaccessing help for a data entry field that is a chemicalparameter. If the user enters the chemical database from a dataentry field, a value from the database can be returned to thatfield. A pointer '�' will appear beside the value that will be

31

returned. For example, if the user were in a molecular weightinput field, the user could press <F1>, and help for that fieldwould appear. After pressing <Esc> to exit the help window, thechemical list shown in Figure 32 would appear. The menu shown inFigure 31 does not appear if the chemical database is accessedthrough a data entry field. After the user chooses the desiredchemical, the chemical data entry screen would appear as inFigure 35. The <Ins>, <Del>, and <Esc> keys work as describedabove when 'Search Chemical Database' was selected from the menuin Figure 31. Pressing <Enter> will exit the chemical databaseand return the marked value to the data entry field.

Figure 35. Chemical Database Accessed from Data Entry Field

�� &KHPLFDO 'DWD �� &KHPLFDO 1DPH %(1=(1( %RLOLQJ 3RLQW DW $PELHQW 3UHVVXUH�� (. 6SHFLILF +HDW RI /LTXLG DW &RQVWDQW 3UHVVXUH �� -�NJ (. DW &RQVWDQW 9ROXPH �� -�NJ (. 6SHFLILF +HDW RI 9DSRU DW &RQVWDQW 3UHVVXUH �� -�NJ (. DW &RQVWDQW 9ROXPH �� -�NJ (. 0ROHFXODU :HLJKW �� NJ�NPRO /DWHQW +HDW RI 9DSRUL]DWLRQ �� (� -�NJ /LTXLG 'HQVLW\ �� NJ�FXELF P &ULWLFDO 7HPSHUDWXUH �� (. �� ,QV!(GLW �'HO!'HOHWH �(QWHU!([LW�6HOHFW 'DWD �(VF!([LW�1R 6HOHFW ��

Calculator

When entering data, a calculator is available on-line toperform any needed calculations. The calculator is accessed bypressing the <F3> key from any data entry field. The results ofa calculation can be passed directly from the calculator to theentry field by pressing the equals <=> key. While in thecalculator a help screen on the calculator's functions can beaccessed by pressing the <F1> key. The calculator has severalbuilt-in functions that include memory clear, memory store,memory recall, square, square root and %. An example of thecalculator is shown below in Figure 36.

32

Figure 36. Calculator

�� (YDSRUDWLRQ IURP 6XUIDFH ,PSRXQGPHQWV �/DJRRQV� � 6FHQDULR �� 6285&( 3$5$0(7(��> &DOFXODWRU @�� (QWHU D XQLTXH 7KH -RKQVRQ :LG �� ,03281'0(17 7<3 )� � � � � (QWHU +(/3 �� (0,66,21 5$7( �� (QWHU WKH (PLVV )� �� WKH ER[ 0& �� J�V �� ,Q �� )� �� J�FXELF P 06 � � � Pô �� )� )� )� )� ( 05 64 65 3, �� )�! +HOS ��Q �(VF! $ERUW ��

Model Output

Upon completing the last screen of data entry for thescenario, the <F10> command is 'Run Model' and not 'Next Screen'.When the <F10> key is pressed, the entered data is saved. Thedispersion model then executes. For computers without math co-processors, the SCREEN2 model will execute for 3 to 10 minutes,the RVD model for 1 to 5 minutes and the PUFF model for 1 to 5minutes depending on the data and the computer setup on whichTSCREEN is running. The model output will appear on the screenin a window as shown in Figure 37.

33

Figure 37. Output Window

�� &RQWLQXRXV 3DUWLFXODWH 5HOHDVHV IURP 6WDFNV� 9HQWV � 6FHQDULR �� 6&5((1� 02'(/ 581 9(56,21 '$7(' �� &RQWLQXRXV 3DUWLFXODWH 6WDFN 5HOHDVH IURP 3RZHU 3ODQW 6,03/( 7(55$,1 ,13876� 6285&( 7<3( 32,17 (0,66,21 5$7( �*�6� �� 67$&. +(,*+7 �0� �� 67. ,16,'( ',$0 �0� �� 67. (;,7 9(/2&,7< �0�6� �� 67. *$6 (;,7 7(03 �.� �� $0%,(17 $,5 7(03 �.� �� 5(&(3725 +(,*+7 �0� �� 85%$1�585$/ 237,21 585$/ �� !� ��!� � �!� ��!� $OW��!� $OW��!� �3J8S!� �3J'Q!� �+RPH!� �(QG! �*! *UDSK �3! 3ULQW �)! 6DYH WR )LOH �(VF! ([LW ��

The model output can be scrolled line by line up or down bypressing the up or down arrow keys. The output can be put into acontinuous scroll up or down by pressing the Alt - up or downarrow key combinations and stopped by pressing any key. Theoutput can be scrolled a full screen at a time by pressing the<PgUp> or <PgDn> keys. By pressing the <Home> key the outputdisplay will show the top of the output listing and by pressingthe <End> key the display will show the end of the outputlisting.

To get a listing of the output on a printer press the <P>key. To avoid some common printing problems, before selectingprinted output, make sure that a printer is connected to thecomputer, that the printer's power is on, that the printer is on-line and that there is plenty of paper loaded in the printer. Tosave the output data to a file press the <F> key and give afilename for the output. To get a graph of the concentrations vsdistances press the <G> key.

7. Help System

The help system included with TSCREEN is field sensitive. As a result, when the <F1> key is pressed from a data entry fieldor from a menu item, help for that field or menu item will appearin a help window like the one shown in Figure 38.

34

Figure 38. Example Help Window

� +HOS �

&��'© 7RSLFV ª � /LTXLG 5HOHDVH 7\SH �

)��(� 1H[W !

$ /LTXLG W\SH UHOHDVH LV D UHOHDVH RI PDWHULDO WKDW PD\

� 3UHYLRXV ! LPPHGLDWHO\ HYDSRUDWH �QR SRROLQJ UHVXOWV� RU PD\ SRRO

ILUVW DQG WKHQ HYDSRUDWH�

� /RRN 8S ! ��

��' 6HH $OVR � 6HH $OVR� 5HOHDVH 'HILQLWLRQ� 3RRO 'HILQLWLRQ� (YDSRUDWLRQ

%�� 'HILQLWLRQ

��

#

After the entering the help system, the user can access helpfor any data entry field or menu item in TSCREEN pressing the"buttons" on the panel on the left side of the help window. These buttons can be pressed in three ways:

� The user can click on the button with a mouse.

� The user can highlight a button and then press <Enter> toselect that button. To highlight a button, press the<Tab> key to first highlight the « Topics » button. Press <Tab> again to move to each succeeding activebutton on the panel. If a button is not active, itsfeature will not be available, and it will be a differentcolor than the other buttons.

� Each button has a letter that is a different color (i.e.,a "hot-key"). Press that key to select that button.

Each button's function is described below:

© 7RSLFV ª

If this button is pressed, the table of contents of the helpsystem will appear in the help window. A portion of thetable of contents is shown in Figure 39 as it would appearif « Topics » where pressed from the help window inFigure 38. From the table of contents, the user can scrollto and select any definition in the help system. The tableof contents is organized as follows: 1) help for the menuitems 2) help for the model inputs (SCREEN2, PUFF, RVD, andBritter-McQuaid) 3) help for the scenario inputs in the

35

order they appear in the workbook and 4) a glossary ofterms.

Once the topic of interest has been highlighted, press<Enter> or select the « HELP » button by the methods listedabove.

Figure 39. Help System Table of Contents

� +HOS �

��

)LOH ®

$FFHVV 'DWD )URP 3UHYLRXV 6FHQDULR � $FFHVV 0RGHO 3ULQW 2XWSXW � $FFHVV 0RGHO *UDSKLF 2XWSXW � 4XLW � � ,QLWLDO )RUP RI 5HOHDVH � 3DUWLFXODWH 0DWWHU 5HOHDVH 7\SH � *DVHRXV 5HOHDVH 7\SH � /LTXLG 5HOHDVH 7\SH � �

��© +HOS ª

#

� 1H[W !

If this button is pressed, the next help definition aslisted in the table of contents will appear.

� 3UHYLRXV !

If this button is pressed, the previous help definition aslisted in the table of contents will appear.

� /RRN 8S !

This button is not active when the help window firstappears. To make this button active, mark (i.e., highlight)a portion of text in the help window. Text can be marked byholding the mouse button and dragging the mouse or byholding down the <Shift> key and moving the arrow keys. Once text has been marked, press this button to bring uphelp if the marked text is an item in the table of contents. If the marked text is not in the table of contents, anotherwindow appears as shown in Figure 40 that contains a list ofthe topics in the table of contents. In this example"Retrieve" was marked and < Look Up > was pressed. Sincethis was not found in the table of contents, a second windowopens and 'Richardson Number Definition' is highlightedbecause it is the closest topic alphabetically to

36

"Retrieve".

Figure 40. Look Up Window when Topic Is Not Found

+HOS

&��'© 7RSLFV ª ��

� �� 1H[W ! � 1R KHOS IRXQG IRU 5HWULHYH �

� �VFHQDULR� 3UHYLRXV ! � $YDLODEOH +HOS 7RSLFV� �

� �� /RRN 8S ! � 0ROHFXODU :HLJKW 'HILQLWLRQ � �

� 1HXWUDO 'HILQLWLRQ � ��' � 3DVVLYH 5HOHDVH 'HILQLWLRQ � © 6HOHFW ª � 6HH $OVR � � 3RRO 'HILQLWLRQ � �%�� 5HDFWLYH 'HILQLWLRQ � �

� 5HOHDVH 'HILQLWLRQ � � &DQFHO ! �� 5LFKDUGVRQ 1XPEHU 'HILQLWLRQ� �� 6OXPSLQJ 'HILQLWLRQ ® �� 7HPSHUDWXUH RI 5HOHDVH 0DWHU� �� 7ZR�SKDVH 5HOHDVH 'HILQLWLRQ� ��

��' 6HH $OVR �%��

This button is only active if there is a "See Also" list oftopics in the help window. If this button is active and ispressed a window will appear as shown in Figure 41 that lists thetopics to cross-reference. Making a selection from this menuwill bring up the help definition for the selected item.

37

Figure 41. See Also Example

� +HOS �

&��'© 7RSLFV ª � /LTXLG 5HOHDVH 7\SH �

)��(� 1H[W !

$ /LTXLG W\SH UHOHDVH LV D UHOHDVH RI PDWHULDO WKDW PD\

� 3UHYLRXV ! LPPHGLDWHO\ HYDSRUDWH �QR SRROLQJ UHVXOWV� RU PD\ SRRO

ILUVW DQG WKHQ HYDSRUDWH�

� /RRN 8S ! ��

�� 5HOHDVH 'HILQLWLRQ OHDVH 'HILQLWLRQ� 3RRO 'HILQLWLRQ� (YDSRUDWLRQ

% 3RRO 'HILQLWLRQ (YDSRUDWLRQ 'HILQLWLRQ ��

#

When a topic is selected from the See Also menu and help forthat topic appears in the help window, the first item of the newtopic's See Also menu contains a reference to the topic fromwhich the new topic was called. Using the See Also menu from thenew topic, the user can then return to the original topic. Forexample, if "Release Definition" was selected from the menu inFigure 41, the help definition in Figure 42 will appear. Thefirst item in the See Also menu for "Release" is "Liquid ReleaseType" which the user can select to return to the help definitionfor "Liquid Release Type".

Figure 42. Cross-Referenced Help Item

� +HOS �

&��'© 7RSLFV ª � 5HOHDVH �

)��(� 1H[W !

&KHPLFDOV RU SROOXWDQWV OHDYLQJ FRQWDLQPHQW� VWDFNV� RU

� 3UHYLRXV ! YHQWV�

� /RRN 8S !

�� /LTXLG 5HOHDVH 7\SH %��

#

38

8. Error Handling

If an error occurs while TSCREEN is running a window likethe one shown in Figure 43 will appear. This window contains anerror message, the FoxProTM error number, the procedure in whichthe error occurred, and the line number in the code at which theerror occurred.

Figure 43. Error Message Window

�� :$51,1*� (UURU 1XPEHU � ,Q 3URFHGXUH � $W OLQH QXPEHU� 7KH HUURU LQIRUPDWLRQ DERYH DUH VDYHG LQ� (5525�287 3OHDVH VDYH WKLV ILOH IRU XVH LQ HUURU GLDJQRVLV� 3UHVV DQ\ NH\ WR FRQWLQXH ��

If an error occurs, data entered up to the point at whichthe error occurred will be saved. The data can be retrieved byselecting 'File' from the main menu bar then selecting 'AccessData from Previous Scenario'. The data will be the last item onthe list which appears. In addition, the error information fromthe window in Figure 43 will be saved in the file "ERROR.OUT". This file should be saved for error diagnosis. After the userexits the window shown in Figure 43, the user will exit TSCREEN.

If an error occurs while a Model is running, the ERROR.OUTfile will contain the data that was sent to the Model and theerror message which will appear in the error window that isdisplayed. After the user exits the error window that isdisplayed when an error in a model occurs, the user will returnto the main menu bar.

9. Backing Up Data

The file BACKUP.COM that comes with DOS must be in the DOSPATH as explained in 2.0 GETTING STARTED. To backup the dataenter the command:

BACKUP X:\TSCREEN\*.* A: /S

where X is the drive letter where the TSCREEN system resides.

39

Note that it is important to back up every time data is edited oradded in case of a hard disk failure.

The number of backup disks needed depends upon the amount ofdata entered into the system. As more data is entered, morebackup disks will be required to store the data. These disksmust be formatted prior to backing up the data files. Backupdisks should be labeled accordingly and stored in a safe place.

To ward off data corruption, rotating back up disks isrecommended. Rotating backup diskettes consists of 2 or 3 setsof backup diskettes that are rotated when the backup procedure iscalled. In using a rotating backup procedure you can minimizethe possibility of backing up bad data and having corrupt fileson the system and on the backup disks.

The BACKUP.COM program fits as much data on one disk as itis physically capable of storing. If the program is in themiddle of backing up a file it will split the file and store theremaining part on another disk(s). These backed up files are notDOS compatible files, DO NOT copy them to another disk,especially NOT to the hard disk. The only way these files can beused is to first restore them with the DOS RESTORE.COM program(discussed below). These diskettes are created for backuppurposes only and are to be restored only when the data files onthe hard disk have become damaged beyond repair.

The command to restore the data files is:

RESTORE A: X: /S

where X is the drive letter where the TSCREEN system resides.Note that the RESTORE.COM file must be in the DOS PATH in orderto execute this program from any prompt. This command should beused only when there has been damage done to the data files onthe hard disk!

10. Notes on Compiling the Source Code

The procedure described on this page is only for those whowish to make changes in the source code and recompile it. Onlysomeone with experience using computers and preferably withcompilers should attempt this procedure.

TSCREEN is written in and compiled with FoxProTM Version 2,MicrosoftTM FORTRAN Version 5.1, and MicrosoftTM C Version 5.1. One C library was used: INGRAFTM Version 2.10 by Sutrasoft. Theprogram source code is available from the SCRAM Bulletin Boardphone (919) 541-5742. Technical questions should be directed toJawad S. Touma; Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards;Technical Support Division; Source Receptor Analysis Branch (MD-14); Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, phone (919) 541-5381.

40

FoxProTM Version 2.0 or later, C Version 5.1 or later, andINGRAFTM Version 2.10 or later are necessary to compile thesource code. All of the .PRG (FoxProTM) files and .C (C) filesshould be on a hard disk with the following files: CCL.EXELINK.EXEMLIBCE.LIBSLIBCE.LIB[STRING.H] [STDIO.H][STDLIB.H][PROCESS.H][MATH.H][DOS.H][IO.H]

The files in brackets are included with the Microsoft C compiler.

INGRAFINGRAF.LIBIGEXTERN.H

Note that you may have to change the path specifications in thesefiles as well as in the C files. The compilation process willcreate: TSCREEN.EXE, GRAPH.EXE.

41

11. References

Petersen, W., 1982: Estimating Concentrations Downwind from anInstantaneous Puff Release, EPA 600/3-82-078. U.S.Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1989: User's Guide for RVD2.0 - A Relief Valve Discharge Screening Model, EPA-450/4-88-024. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,Research Triangle Park, NC.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1992a: Workbook ofScreening Techniques for Assessing Impacts of Toxic AirPollutants (Revised). EPA-454/R-92-024. U.S. EnvironmentalProtection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1992b: ScreeningProcedures for Estimating the Air Quality Impact ofStationary Sources, Revised. EPA-450/R-92-019. U.S.Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC.

epa-454/b-94-023 july 1994epa-454/b-94-023 (revises epa-450/4-90-013) july 1994 user's guide to...

Documents