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CISEO LIMA 2014: Congreso Internacional de Salud y Ergonomía Ocupacional

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Simplified tools for risk assessment and health surveillance: pillars for the prevention of

WMSDs in developed and developing countries.

Enrico Occhipinti

Research Unit EPM“Ergonomics of Posture and Movement”

University of Milan (Italy)

WORK RELATED MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS

(WMSDs)are caused mainly by

•manual handling, •heavy physical work,

• awkward and static postures, •repetitive movements,

•vibrations.

The risk of WMSDs can increase with the pace of work, low job satisfaction, high job demands and job stress.

Source : Work-related musculoskeletal disorders: Back to work report - European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (2007)

INTRODUCTION



FREQUENCY OF ACTIONS

USE OFFORCE

AWKWARD POSTURES

AND MOVEMENTS

ADDITIONALFACTORS

DURATION

LACK OFRECOVERY

PERIODS

INTRODUCTION

For each of these general conditionsmany working risk factors should be considered in an integrated way.

Organizational factors, such as pace, duration, breaks, job rotations,etc. play a primary role in overall exposure level

WORKING CONDITIONS, BIOMECHANICAL

OVERLOAD AND WMSDsIN EUROPE

STATISTICS IN EUROPE



STATISTICS IN EUROPE Data from 5th EWCS - 2010

MANUAL HANDLING33% of workers

(42% of men; 24% of women) carry heavy loads for at least a quarter of their working time

REPETITIVE HAND-ARM MOVEMENTS63% of workers

(similar in both genders)

perform repetitive hand-arm movements for at least a quarter of their working time (33% for almost all the time)

AWKWARD POSTURES 47 % of workers(similar in both genders)

work in tiring or painful positions for at least a quarter of their working time (16% for almost all the time)

WORK RELATED MUSCULOSKELTAL DISORDERS

(WMDSs) REPRESENT ABOUT 60 % OF ALL

OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES IN EUROPE

WMSDs AS OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES




Main occupational diseases in Europe - 2007

Source : EUROSTAT 2010 - Health and safety at work in Europe (1999-2007)

A statistical portrait

THE MOST COMMON MUSCULOSKELETAL OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES ARE:

TENOSYNOVITIS (HAND , WRIST, FOREARM)

CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME

EPICONDYLITIS ( ELBOW )


Agriculture, construction, transport & communication, manufacturing, hotels &

restaurants, health & social work are the most exposed.

(source: EU Agency for Safety and Health at work, Work-related musculoskeletal disorders in the EU - Facts and figures- 2010 report)



Recognized Occupational Diseases in Spain 2009 (source Eurogip -2010)



IN ITALY (2012) WMSDs REPRESENT ABOUT 70% OF ALL OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES



COLOMBIACOLOMBIA

WMSDs are the biggest cause of absence from work in practically all Member States.

In some states, WMSDs account for 40% of the costsof workers’ compensation, and cause a reduction of

up to 1.6% in the gross domestic product (GDP)

It has been estimated that the direct cost for a company of a WMSDs (as occupational disease) is

about 40000 Euros.

Source : Work-related musculoskeletal disorders: Prevention report - European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (2008)




APART FROM OFFICIAL STATISTICSIN SEVERAL MANIFACTURING COMPANIES

WE FIND VERY HIGH PREVALENCES (20-25%) OF WORKERS WITH DIAGNOSED

WMSDs.

CONSEQUENTLY MANY NATIONAL PREVENTION PLANS ARE AIMED

ACTUALLY AT RECOGNIZING AND EMERGING THESE UNDERREPORTED

OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES



JOB N. WORKERS

OCRACHECKLIST

% OF SUBJECTS WITH DIAGNOSED UL WMSDs

Montaggio motori elettrici 1 431 15,2 11,4Montaggio motori elettrici 2 288 12,0 8,7Assemblaggio surgelatori 374 11,5 8,6Assemblaggio frigoriferi A 350 14,7 15,4Assemblaggio frigoriferi B 42 13,0 14,3Assemblaggio frigoriferi c 31 14,4 19,3Assemblaggio frigoriferi D 118 15,0 15,2Assemblaggio frig.- cablagggi 42 19,4 31,0Assemblaggio forni 650 10,2 13,2Assemblaggio ammortizzatori 242 19,5 24,0Macellazione tacchini e polli 943 20,0 22,4Assemblaggio motori 1 467 10,0 3,9Assemblaggio motori 2 53 12,0 7,6Assemblaggio statori 105 17,0 13,3Tappezzieri A 783 25,0 18,6Taglio pelli A 514 21,7 8,2Cucitore A 840 23,2 11,3Preparatore A 205 20,6 13,2Tappezzieri B 85 24,9 20,0Taglio pelli B 54 20,4 10,0Cucitore B 143 24,3 8,4Preparatore B 56 20,0 7,1Tappezzieri C 76 23,0 28,9Taglio pelli C 25 15,2 16,0Cucitore C 75 20,9 9,3Preparatore C 33 17,7 15,2Operai non esposti 1383 7,4 6,1VDT 20-30 ore 577 6,2 4,3VDT >30 ore 1440 7,4 3,1REFERENCE GROUP 749 1,5 4,4



Considering

• the widespread presence of WMSDs in many working contexts;

• their different causal factors (mechanical, organizational, psychosocial);

• the necessity to adequately manage these risks…

There is a necessity to adapt strategies for risk assessment and management to working

contexts.

NEEDS FOR DIFFERENT STRATEGIES

This presentation is aimed at addressing some trends in assessment and management of risks deriving from

biomechanical overload with a special focus on :

NEEDS FOR DIFFERENT STRATEGIES

• Use of simple tools

• Multiple tasks and organizationalanalysis

• Active Health Surveillance

• Training



SIMPLE TOOLS FOR HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND

PRELIMINARY RISK ASSESSMENT

Tool proposals are based on reasonable criteria:

1. Acting on a step-by-step approach using basic tools first and more complex tools only when

necessary.

2. Taking into account complexity and presence of multiple influencing factors at every step (even if

with different degrees of in-depth analysis).

The proposals have been mainly developed in the framework of a IEA-WHO collaboration initiative for a “Toolkit for MSD prevention” but they are also derived from other converging issues (i.e. ISO application

document, TIAM Project ; Ontario Toolbox)

PROPOSALS



FIRST STEPhazard identification and priority check by “KEY-ENTER” questions.

This step can be operated also by non-experts with a limited training.

SECOND STEP,consisting of a “QUICK ASSESSMENT”.

This step can be operated also by non-experts with only some specific training.

THIRD STEP, where RECOGNIZED TOOLS FOR RISK ESTIMATION are used as a

consequence of second step output. These tools should adequately consider most of the influencing factors. This step can be operated only by persons with some specific training.

PROPOSALS

A PARTECIPATORY APPROACH THAT INCLUDES THE INVOLVEMENT OF WORKERS AND COMPANY STAFF IS

ESSENTIAL IN ALL PHASES OF RISK ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT

ISO TR 12295

Ergonomics — Application document for ISO standards on manual handling ( ISO 11228-1, ISO 11228-2 and ISO 11228-3) and working

postures (ISO 11226)

THIS TECHNICAL REPORT HAS BEEN PUBLISHED BY ISO ON APRIL 2014



STEP 1 – ENTRY LEVEL

It is generally devoted to assess if a potentialoccupational hazard exists (in this case for WMSDs)

and should be further examined(HAZARD IDENTIFICATION).

Hazardous conditions for WMSDs should be considered togheter with other occupational hazards

(chemicals, physical, etc) for general preventionpurposes.

BASIC STEP – ENTRY LEVEL



ISO 12295 APPLICATION DOCUMENT - KEY ENTERS

Application of ISO 11228-1 Lifting and Carrying

Is there manual lifting or carrying of an object of 3 kg or more present? NO

YES

If NO, this standard is not relevant, go to the next key questions regarding the other standards . If YES then go to step 2

Application of ISO 11228-2 Pushing and pulling

Is there manual whole-body pushing and pulling present? NO

YES If NO, this standard is not relevant, go to the next key questions regarding the other standards. If YES then go to step 2.

Application of ISO 11228-3 Repetitive movements

Are there one or more repetitive tasks(*) of the upper limbs in a shift?

where the definition of “repetitive task” is:

one or more tasks characterized by cycles lasting 1 hour or more per shift

or

when the same working gestures are repeated for more than 50% of the time, lasting 1 hour or more per shift.

NO

YES If NO, this standard is not relevant, go to the other questions regarding the other standards. If YES then go to step 2

Application of ISO 11226 Working postures Are there working postures of the HEAD/NECK, TRUNK and/or UPPER AND LOWER LIMBS maintained for more than 4 seconds consecutively and repeated for a significant part of the working time?

For example: - HEAD/NECK (neck bent back/forward/sideways, twisted)

- TRUNK (trunk bent forward/sideways/, bent back with no support, twisted) - UPPER LIMBS ( hand(s) at or above head, elbow(s) at or above shoulder, elbow/hand(s) behind the body, hand(s) turned with palms completely up or down, extreme elbow flexion-

extension, wrist bent forward/back/sideways) - LOWER LIMBS (squatting or kneeling) maintained for more than 4 seconds consecutively and repeated for a significant part of the working time

NO

YES

If NO, this standard is not relevant. If YES then go to step 2

BASIC STEP – ENTRY LEVEL

SECOND STEP – QUICK ASSESSMENT

It consists of a quick check of potentially harmfulconditions (for WMSDs) by simple

quali/quantitative questions.

It is substantially addressed at identifying three possible conditions:

1. ACCEPTABLE: no remedial actions needed;

2. CRITICAL (HIGH RISK PRESUMED): redesign is urgently needed;

3. INTERMEDIATE: More detailed analysis is necessary (via tools used in the standard).

QUICK ASSESSMENT



ISO 12295 APPLICATION DOCUMENT - LIFTING AND CARRYING- ACCEPTABLE CONDITIONS

LIFTING AND CARRYING-QUICK ASSESSMENT- ACCEPTABLE CONDITIONS

3 TO 5 Kg

Asymmetry (e.g. body rotation, trunk twisting) is absent NO YES

Load is maintained close to the body NO YES

Load vertical displacement is between hips and shoulders NO YES

Maximum permissible frequency: less than 5 lifts per minute NO YES

5,1 TO 10 Kg

Asymmetry (e.g. body rotation, trunk twisting) is absent NO YES

Load is maintained close to the body NO YES

Load vertical displacement is between hips and shoulder NO YES

Maximum permissible frequency: less than 1 lift per minute NO YES

MORE THAN 10 Kg Loads more than 10 kg are not present NO YES

If all the listed conditions are YES,the examined task is in green area (ACCEPTABLE RISK) and it is no

necessary to continue the risk evaluation.If one is NO, APPLY THE STANDARD ISO 11228-1

QUICK ASSESSMENT

LIFTING AND CARRYING-QUICK ASSESSMENT : CRITICAL CONDITION . If one or more of the following conditions is present, risk has to be considered as HIGH and it is necessary to proceed with task re-design

CRITICAL CONDITION: presence of lay-out and frequency conditions exceeding the maximum suggested

VERTICAL LOCATION Hands at the beginning/end of the manual lifting, higher than 175 cm or lower than 0 cm. YES

VERTICAL DISPLACEMENT The vertical distance between the origin and the destination of the lifted object is more than 175 cm YES

HORIZONTAL DISTANCE The horizontal distance between the body and load is greater than full arm reach (i.e more than 63 cm) YES

ASYMMETRY Extreme upper body rotation (for example more than 135) YES

FREQUENCY

More than 15 lifts per min in SHORT DURATION (manual handling lasting no more than 60 min. consecutively in the shift, followed by at least 60 minutes of break-light task) YES

More than 12 lifts per min in MEDIUM DURATION (manual handling lasting no more than 120 min consecutively in the shift, followed by at least 30 minutes of break--light task) YES

More than 8 lift/min in LONG DURATION (manual handling lasting more than 120 min consecutively in the shift) YES

CRITICAL CONDITION: presence of loads exceeding following limits

Males (18-45 years) 25 KG YES

Females (18-45 years) 20 KG YES

Males (<18 or >45 years) 20 KG YES

Females (<18 or >45 years) 15 KG YES

CRITICAL CONDITION FOR CARRYING: presence of cumulative carried mass greater than those indicated

carrying distance 20 m or more in 8 hours

6000 KG YES

carrying distance less than 20 m in 8 hours

10000 KG YES

If only one answer is YES a critical condition is present.Proceed with assessment with ISO 11228-1 for identifying urgent corrective actions

ISO 12295 APPLICATION DOCUMENT LIFTING AND CARRYING – CRITICAL CONDITION

QUICK ASSESSMENT



QUICK ASSESSMENT - ISO 12295 APPLICATION DOCUMENT Repetitive task(s) – Quick assessment – Acceptable condition

Are either upper limbs working for less than 50% of the total time duration of repetitive task(s)?

NO YES

Are both elbows held below shoulder level for 90% of the total duration of the repetitive task(s)?

NO YES

Is there a moderate force (perceived effort = 3 or 4 in CR-10 Borg scale) exerted by the operator for no more than 1 hour during the duration of the repetitive task(s)?

NO YES

Absence of force peaks (perceived effort = 5 or more in CR-10 Borg scale)? NO YES

Presence of breaks (including the lunch break) that last at least 8 min. every 2 hours?

NO YES

Are the repetitive task(s) performed for less than 8 hours a day? NO YES

If all the questions are answered YES then the task(s) is in the GREEN AREA (acceptable)

If at least one of the questions is answered “NO” then evaluate the repetitive task(s) by ISO 11228-3

QUICK ASSESSMENT - ISO 12295 APPLICATION DOCUMENT

Repetitive task(s) – Quick assessment – Critical condition

If at least one of the following conditions is present (YES), risk has to be considered as CRITICAL and it is necessary to proceed with URGENT task re-design.

Are technical actions of a single limb so fast that cannot be counted by simple direct observation?

NO YES

One or both arms are operating with elbow at shoulder height for half or more than the total repetitive working time

NO YES

A “pinch” grip (or all the kinds of grasps using the fingers tips) is used for more than 80% of the repetitive working time.

NO YES

There are peaks of force (perceived effort = 5 or more in CR-10 Borg scale) for 10% or more of the total repetitive working time?

NO YES

There is no more than one break (lunch break included) in a shift of 6-8 hours? NO YES

Total repetitive working time is exceeding 8 hours within a shift? NO YES

If at least one answer is YES a critical condition is present. proceed with assessment with ISO 11228-3 for identifying urgent corrective

actions



QUICK ASSESSMENT - RISK REDUCTION

The use of simplified tools and procedures could be very useful for identifying hazards and prioritizing

interventions especially in sectors as

CRAFTWORK, SME, AGRICULTURE, CONSTRUCTION, etc.

They are easily usable also by different users NON EXPERT in ergonomics

(occupational physicians, workers and trade unions, employers and labour inspectors) for addressing them

to risk reduction actions, when necessary.

ENTRY LEVEL AND QUICK ASSESMENTAN APPLICATION TOOL BY EPM FOR SME AND CRAFTWORK

AN APPLICATION TOOL BY EPM FOR SME AND CRAFTWORK

ERGOcheck

PRE-MAPPING OF WORK-RELATED HAZARDS

by Daniela Colombini, Enrique Alvarez-Casado, Enrico Occhipinti 24/03/2014

SHEET 1: Identification of main problems



QUICK ASSESSMENT - RISK REDUCTION

RISK REDUCTION

Once hazards have been identified (by key enters and quick assessment),except for a possible more detailed risk analysis,

simple intervention procedures and concrete solutions for limiting the main risk determinants could be suggested according to priorities.

THIRD LEVEL : TOOLS FOR RISK ESTIMATION

Recognized tools for risk (of WMSDs) estimation are used as a consequence of second step output.

Those tools can be derived from aknowledgedliterature, international standards and/or guidelines.

These tools should adequately consider most of the influencing risk factors.

This step can be operated only by persons with some specific training.

RISK ESTIMATION



Several reviews available.

Example from a recent one (2010)

RISK ESTIMATION

DETAILS IN THE WEB SITE: http://www.ttl.fi/en/ergonomics/

MSD PREVENTION TOOLBOX (2008)

Occupational Health and Safety Council of Ontario (OHSCO)- Canada

RISK ESTIMATION



RISK ESTIMATION

METHODS FOR SIMPLE RISK ESTIMATION (SECOND LEVEL) DERIVED BY INTERNATIONALSTANDARDS AND SUGGESTED IN PRESENT PROPOSAL

Manual Lifting

Manual Pushing and

Pulling

Repetitive Movements and

Exertions(Upper limbs)

Working Postures

Revised Niosh Lifting Equation (RNLE)

Psychophysical Tables (Snook and

Ciriello)

OCRA Checklist OWASREBA

From ISO 11228-1 and EN 1005-2

From ISO 11228-2 From ISO 11228-3 and EN 1005-5

From ISO 11226, 11228-3 and EN 1005-4

Use also recent updates regarding variable and sequential lifting tasks

Use also updates of Psychophysical Data.

Use also recent updates regarding rotations between multiple repetitive tasks.

Use the preferred methods and recommendations from ISO 11226 and EN

1005-4

Main methods for risk estimation, as derived from different international standard (ISO and CEN).

MULTITASK ANALYSIS



MULTITASK ANALYSIS

MULTITASK ANALYSIS

One relevant problem is to apply simple estimation

methods when several tasks with

BIOMECHANICAL OVERLOAD

are performed all togheter in the same period of time

(i.e. a SHIFT, A WEEK, A MONTH).

In these cases

ORGANIZATIONAL ANALYSIS

becomes more and more relevant.

MULTITASK ANALYSIS

MULTITASK ANALYSIS

Some simplified solutions are addressed in ISO TR 12295 with reference to:

• multiple lifting tasks (variable or sequential lifting tasks) using adaptations of the NIOSH RNLE

• multiple repetitive tasks using procedures for applying the OCRA checklist.

Reference in ISO TR 12295 Annexes A and C



Guide for the analysis of complex lifting tasks

ISO TR 12295 - ANNEX A - LIFTING/CARRYING

COMPLEX LIFTING GUIDE; THE CRC PRESS BOOK JULY 2012



To TOM,

Great friend

Excellent researcher

Who suddendly died last october during a bike ride.

THAT WILL BE THE FOCUS OF A FOLLOWING

PRESENTATION

“La gestión del riesgo por manipulación manual de cargas: abordaje actual y retos de

futuro”

BY ENRIQUE ALVAREZ



MULTITASK ANALYSIS

ISO TR 12295- ANNEX C – REPETITIVE MOVEMENTS



ISO TR 12295- ANNEX C – REPETITIVE MOVEMENTS

BOOKLET

NEW OCRA BOOK ITALIAN:JUNE 2014; ENGLISH: 2015



THAT WILL BE THE FOCUS OF A FOLLOWING

PRESENTATION

“El método OCRA y su nueva aplicación en situaciones del trabajo con exposición a tareas

múltiples: experiencias prácticas”

BY DANIELA COLOMBINI

One relevant problem is to apply simple estimation methods in peculiarjobs and work sectors, like cleaning, building or agriculture, where

different variable manual tasks are performed during different periods of time (i.e, the working cycle is a month or a year).

To this aim it could be useful:

• to build accessible (by web) databases where the most common tasks (with their “variants”) are pre-evaluated by experts

• to prepare models and simple softwares for a “long period” multitaskanalysis : preliminary models were proposed but need to be validated.

• to ask pratictioners to simply collect ORGANIZATIONAL data in theirspecific working contexts and to apply them togheter with selected “pre-

evaluated tasks” in previous models and software.

IMPORTANT ADVICE

MULTITASK ANALYSIS



PRE-EVALUATED TASKS: TOPICALITY AND PERSPECTIVES

Actually preliminary database of pre-evaluated tasks (for upper limbsrepetitive movements) are available, as a collaboration between

European and South American colleagues for:

• AGRICULTURE (all mediteranean coltures of vegetables, fruit, oil and viticolture,

sugar cane, etc. )

• CLEANING

• RETAIL

• BUILDING (FEW TASKS)

A larger collaboration network for broader database (concerning alsoSOLUTIONS) is needed and collaborations are welcome.

MULTITASK ANALYSIS

MULTITASK ANALYSIS



In Brasil colleagues studied sugar cane and banana plantations

MULTITASK ANALYSIS

ISO TR ON BIOMECHANICAL OVERLOAD IN AGRICOLTURE

DRAFT SCOPE

New Work Item for the purpose of developing a document (TR) for the application of the ISO 11228 series (manual handling), ISO

11226 (static working postures) standards and of ISO TR 12295 in the agricultural sector.

MULTITASK ANALYSIS



For a proper risk assessment and management of biomechanical overload and WMSDs,

attention should be addressed to all influencing factors(mechanical, organizational, psychosocial, individual) .

ORGANIZATIONAL ASPECTS are, more than for other occupational risk factors, really relevant in producing a RISK and should be

carefully considered almost as traditional mechanicalfactors (forces, loads, body postures, etc.)

when assessing and controlling risk factors for WMSDs

IMPORTANT ADVICE

MULTITASK ANALYSIS

ACTIVE HEALTH SURVEILLANCE



In Europe, Council Directive 89/391/EEC requires employers to ensure that workers receive

HEALTH SURVEILLANCE,

appropriate to the health and safety risks they incur at work, including exposure to manual handling

and manual repetitive activities.

In most European countries, such health surveillance activities must be carried out by an

occupational medicine physician.

HEALTH SURVEILLANCE

LEGAL FRAMEWORK

HEALTH SURVEILLANCE HAS GENERALLY PREVENTIVE AIMS, AND SHOULD MONITOR THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE INDIVIDUAL AND

COLLECTIVE WORKERS’ HEALTH AND THEIR SPECIFIC WORKING CONDITIONS.

Main individual aims of health surveillance are:

• Identifying any “negative” individual health condition at an early stage to prevent it from worsening;

• Identifying hyper-susceptible or pathologic individuals, requiring additional protective measures than those adopted for

other workers.

AIMS

HEALTH SURVEILLANCE



APART FROM INDIVIDUAL AIMS, HEALTH SURVEILLANCE HAS THE FOLLOWING

FUNDAMENTAL COLLECTIVE AIMS:

• Contributing to the accuracy and validating collective and individual risk assessments;

• Monitoring preventive measures to ensure their efficacy;

• Collecting and interpreting clinical data in order to compare the same group of workers in time and different groups of

workers exposed to similar risk factors.

HEALTH SURVEILLANCE

COLLECTIVE AIMS

PROBLEMS IN ACTUATING AN HEALTH SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM

Many aspects could be dicussed:

• Definition of outcomes of interest

• Clinical protocols and standardized procedures

• Periodicity of controls

• Avaiability and use of reference data on the occurence of main outcomes in non exposed

working population

• Management of persons with limited capacity or pathologies

• Acceptability (limits) of exposure for those personsor for special parts of the population (i.e: older

workers)

• Etc….

HEALTH SURVEILLANCE



HEALTH SURVEILLANCE

HEALTH SURVEILLANCE



HEALTH SURVEILLANCE

PERMISSIBLE LOADS SUGGESTED FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH SPINAL PATHOLOGIES (MODERATE LEVEL)

HEALTH SURVEILLANCE



THE MAIN POINT

THE PHYSICIAN, SPECIALIST IN OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE, IS ONE OF THE MAIN ACTOR FOR PREVENTION AND USES

HEALTH SURVEILLANCE AS A MEAN FOR:

• contributing to risk assessement and management;

• evaluating the collective health status (also by elaborating statisticaldata) and validating risk evaluations performed by other professionals;

• evaluating the individual health status in comparison with the possibleexposure to actual working risks (that he/she should know).

• managing the re-introduction at work of individuals with lowerperformances and/or pathologies also defining corrective measures

useful for these individuals and for the entire workforce.

• managing medico-legal aspects with a proper knowledge of causal(risk/damage) relationships and with a view to risk prevention.

HEALTH SURVEILLANCE

SOME OF THESE ASPECTS WILL BE FOCUSED IN A CISEO COURSE THIS AFTERNOON

“Criterios técnicos y clinicos para el nexo causal de los TME en extremidad superior y columna”

BY DANIELA COLOMBINI, ENRICO OCCHIPINTI Y ENRIQUE ALVAREZ



TRAINING

TRAINING

Using results of research, international standards, experiencedtools, validated health surveillance procedures, we can face the

challenge of managing the risk of BIOMECHANICAL OVERLOAD and PREVENTING WMSDs

To this aim we however need, among others :

• To have national or regional authorities and decision makers favouring programs for WMSDs

prevention

• To transfer knowledge from researchers and experts to practitioners sharing methods, criteria and

good practices

TRAINING AND FINAL REMARKS



EDUCATION AND TRAINING IN PREVENTION OF WMSDs SHOULD BE ADDRESSED, AT DIFFERENT

LEVEL OF DETAIL, TO ALL THE ACTORS OF PREVENTION:

• EMPLOYERS

• COMPANY TECHNICAL STAFF

• OSH TECHNICIANS

• OCCUPATIONAL DOCTORS

• WORKERS REPRESENTATIVES

• WORKERS

TRAINING

For implementing these program and projects wehave recently launched the EPM International School.

The EPM International School main aims are:

-Use of research and best practices results in ergonomics and occupationalhealth and their transformation in training contents and materials

-Development of simple tools and software for field application of researchresults, suitable to simplify the technical assessment and risk management of

biomechanical overload

-Development of structured training courses devoted to different professionals in the world of prevention

-Setting up new schools at private facilities and public institutions in the world including teachers formation.

TRAINING



the EPM International School.

has different sites in :

Italy, Spain, France, India, Brazil and all main South American Countries

Courses are given in Italian, Spanish, English, French, Portuguese.

This is a concrete participation to programs for WMSDs prevention.

FOR MORE DETAILS PLEASE VISIT THE EPM INTERNATIONAL

SCHOOL WEB SITE : www.epmresearch.org

TRAINING

THE END

Enrico OcchipintiResearch Unit “Ergonomics of Posture and Movement”

www.epmresearch.org

Clinica del Lavoro L.DevotoUniversity of Milan

Via S.Barnaba 8 – 20122- Milano (Italy)[email protected]; [email protected]

THAT’S ALL! THANK YOU

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