EOC Review - Part II

Cell Organelles & their functions;

Cell Membrane (also called Plasma Membrane)

• All cells have one!• Is the outer most membrane of cell • It defines the boundary of the cell • Controls the ______________ of

substances into and out of the cell.• Formed of a double layer of

_______________ molecules with embedded proteins

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

movement

phospholipid

Membrane Structure - The __________________ model • membranes are fluids with a mosaic of proteins embedded within

the membrane._____________________ – form the basic structure of the membrane• contain glycerol, two fatty acids, and a phosphate group. • The phosphate group is polar (hydrophilic), enabling it to interact

with water. • The fatty acid tails are nonpolar (hydrophobic) and do not interact

with water.

Cell MembraneCell MembraneSection 7.2Section 7.2

Fluid-mosaic

phospholipids

Cell Wall• Only found in ______ cells

and prokaryotic Cells (the bacteria)

• Supports, gives shape to, & ___________ cell

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

plant

protects

Nucleus

• Is usually a large central structure.

• Separated from cytoplasm by nuclear membrane

• Contains genetic material – _________

• Directs all cell ________

DNA

activity

Chromosomes• Found in the _________• Composed of _______• Contain instructions for

inherited traits & characteristics

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

nucleus

DNA

Cytoplasm

• Gel-like mixture/substance ____________ the cell.

• Contains nutrients and chemicals for cell activities; many metabolic activities take place in the cytoplasm.

inside

Endoplasmic Reticulum• ___________ materials around

in the cellSmooth type: • lacks ribosomes Rough type (pictured): • have ribosomes embedded in

surface

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

transports

Ribosomes• Make __________

(protein synthesis)• Found on the _________

_____________________& also freely floating throughout the cell

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

proteins

endoplasmic reticulumrough

Mitochondria• Produces energy in the form

of - through cellular respiration in the mitochondria.

• ________ is the main energy source that cells use for most of their work

• ATP = Adenosine triphosphate.

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

ATP

ATP

Golgi Apparatus (Body)

• __________ and transports chemical products made in the cell to their next destinations

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

stores

Lysosome• Contain digestive

__________ to help destroy harmful bacteria and rid the cell of damaged organelles

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

enzymes

Vacuoles• Membrane-bound sacs

for storage, digestion, and waste removal

• They are small in _________cells;

• In plant cells, the vacuole is ___________ and fills most of the cell.

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

animal

large

Chloroplast

• Only found in ________ cells

• Contains the green pigment ___________

• The place in a plant cell where ______________ takes place (changes light energy to energy that can be used by the organism.)

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

plant

Chlorophyll

photosynthesis

Flagella and Cilia

• Specialized structures that project from the cell used in _____________.

• Found mainly in unicellular organisms.)movement