enzymes and macromolecules - ms. silber's biologyclass · 2019-09-23 · enzyme &...

Enzymes and Macromolecules Silber Science Biology Packet 1.2

Important Dates to remember:

Enzyme Virtual Lab Due: Tuesday, 9/24/2019

Enzyme Quiz: Wednesday, 9/25/2019

Biochemistry Unit Test Review: Thursday, 9/26, 2019

Biochemistry Unit Test: Friday, 9/27/2019

DO NOT THROW AWAY THIS PACKET! IT WILL BE VITAL TO STUDY FROM AND REVIEW FOR THE ENTIRE YEAR. KEEP IT SOMEWHERE SAFE!

Name: ____________________________

Table of Contents: Cover Cover

Table of Contents Page 1

I Can Statements/ Standards

Smart Goals Page 2

Enzyme & Macromolecule Vocabulary Chart Page 3

Introduction to Enzymes Page 6

Enzyme Virtual Lab Page 8

Enzyme Notes Page 13

Introduction to Macromolecules Page 16

Macromolecule Notes Page 18

Enzymes & Macromolecule Practice Page 19

Silber Science Biology Packet 1.2: Enzymes & Macromolecules 1

Before

Learning I Can After Learning

I can describe the structure of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

I can describe the function of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

I can identify monomers for macromolecules (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids)

I can recognize common examples of macromolecules

I can recognize that all organic molecules contain carbon

I can develop a model that demonstrates how enzymes speed up chemical reactions such as digestion

I can recognize the importance of enzymes in living organisms

I can recognize that enzymes are proteins that speed up chemical reactions

I can recognize the substrate and product of an enzyme catalyzed reaction

I can identify the graph of an enzyme catalyzed reaction

I can explain how different factors affect enzyme reactions

Ican plan and carry out an investigation to examine the effect of enzymes on living systems

B20 Standards Addressed in this Packet

(3) SB1c

Construct arguments supported by evidence to relate the structure of macromolecules to their interactions in carrying out cellular processes.

List your Smart Goal Below!


Enzyme and Macromolecules Vocabulary Answers: Vocab Word

Definition

Image

Protein (page 55)

Macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen,oxygen, and nitrogen; needed by the body for growth and repair

Enzyme (page 60)

Protein catalyst that speeds up the rate of specific biological reactions

Substrate (page 60)

Reactant of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction

Products (page 58)

Elements or compounds produced by chemical reactions

Activation Energy

(page 59)

Energy input that is needed for a reaction to begin


Endothermic

Reaction A chemical reaction that is accompanied by the absorption of heat

Ex: Ice cubes, snow, popsicles

Exothermic Reaction

A chemical reaction that is accompanied by the release of heat Ex: Fire, the sun, humans!

Monosaccharide (page 53)

Single sugar molecule Ex: glucose, galactose, fructose

Disaccharide (page 53)

A compound made by joining two monosaccharides together. Ex: table sugar (fructose + glucose)

Polysaccharide (page 53)

Macromolecule formed by joining many monosaccharides together. How many animals store excess sugar. Ex: glycogen (many glucose molecules together)

Carbohydrate (page 53)

Compound made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; type of nutrients that are the major source of energy of the body

Dealers choice- draw an image that reminds you of carbohydrates when you look at it. Remember to include the CHO elements

Sugar Monomer (page 53)

Small chemical unit that makes up a polymer

Dealers Choice- draw an image that reminds you of monomers when you look at it.


Glycerol The backbone of a lipid. Joins with fatty acids to

create a lipid. Made of alcohol

Nucleic Acid (page 55)

Macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus

Nucleotide (page 55)

Subunit of which nucleic acids are composed made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

Amino Acid (page 55)

compound with an amino group on one end and a carboxyl group on the other end. Monomer of protein.

Dealers Choice

Lipid (page 54)

Macromolecule made mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils, and waxes

Fatty Acid The monomer of lipids. Used to Regulate oxygen use, electron transportation and energy production

Saturated Fat A fatty acid containing the maximum amount of hydrogens (NO DOUBLE BONDS) Ex: cheese, butter, lamb, pork, chicken with skin

Unsaturated Fat A fat with at least one double carbon-carbon bond Ex: avocado, nuts, olive oils, and vegetable oils


Highlight and annotate these pages. Answer the questions in the margins and pay special attention to the vocabulary!


Enzyme Controlled Reactions Virtual Lab

http://glencoe.mheducation.com/sites/dl/free/0078802849/383930/BL_11.html

Read all the directions provided in the Virtual Lab. These directions start at the top left of the page and scroll down. It is important that you follow all the directions. You do NOT need

to be saving any file to any type of drive.

Introduction: What is the purpose of this lab?

List the objectives of the lab. 1.

2.

Procedure: Click on the TV and click the play button. Listen closely as you watch the short video about enzyme action. You can pause, rewind, and replay any parts you might have missed.

3. _______________________________ enable molecules called __________________________________ to undergo a chemical change to form new substances called ____________________________.

4. Each substrate fits into a specific area of the enzyme called the ______________________________________.

5. The fitting of enzyme and substrate is often compared to a _________________________________ mechanism however the enzyme changes shape a little to fit with the substrate.

6. In the ________________________________ the enzyme holds the substrates in a position where a __________________________ can occur easily.

7. After the reaction the enzyme releases the _________________________________ and can go on to carry out the same reaction again and again.


http://glencoe.mheducation.com/sites/dl/free/0078802849/383930/BL_11.html

Diagram in the boxes below a visual summary of the video. You do not need to use all the boxes, or you may add more if you like. In your diagrams, be sure to label the main components and include a short summary of what is happening in each step

1.

2. 3.

4.

5. 6.


Click on the “INFORMATION” button at the bottom of your screen. Research information

about enzymes and answer the following questions.

1. Roughly how many biochemical reactions does a single cell in your body carry out in a second?

2. What type of macromolecule are enzymes? (Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, or Nucleic Acids)

3. Infer why you think an enzyme is a biological catalyst? (Think where the reactions take place)

4. What are substrates?

5. Do the enzymes themselves change when products are being formed in a reaction?


● Test: Think of the lab as FIVE separate experiments. You will be changing the amount

of substrate concentration and testing it with varying levels of pH solution. ● Assume that the amount of substrate is your independent variable and pH is a

constant (unchanging). ● Do the experiment for one level of pH first, record your data. ● Reset the experiment, adjust the pH level and repeat. ● To see your data you must click on the computer screen to see what you did! ● The number you are determining from the experiment are the Number of Molecules

of Product Formed per Minute. (x106) This is the number of molecules that the enzyme is creating when it is reacting with the substrate.

● Record your data in the table on the next page ● Graph (be sure to LABEL your graph!)


Data Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 Trial 5

Amount of Substrate

pH3 pH5 pH7 pH9 pH11

0.5g

1.0g

2.0g

4.0g

8.0g Conclusion and Questions: 1. Describe the relationship between substrate concentration (amount of substrate) and the initial reaction rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. Is this a linear relationship?

What happens to the initial reaction rate as substrate concentration increases? 2. What is the maximum initial reaction rate for this enzyme at pH 7? 3. Explain why the maximum initial reaction rate cannot be reached at low substrate concentrations. 4. What does your data indicate about the optimum pH level for this enzyme-catalyzed reaction? 5. Enzymes function most efficiently at the temperature of a typical cell, which is 37 degrees Celsius. (98.6 Fahrenheit) Increases or decreases in temperature can significantly lower the reaction rate. What does this suggest about the importance of temperature-regulating mechanisms in organisms? Explain.


Enzyme Note Supplement

https://prezi.com/fqyta0kc26ug/enzymes-and-activation/ Exergonic Reactions:

1. Chemical reactions change in response to ____________________________ and ___________________________ changes

2. Chemical reactions ____________________________________________ or_________________________________energy.

Enzymes help these reactions by taking energy from a ____________________________to __________________________

energy state.

3. All exergonic reactions __________________________ energy. The products are _____________________________ than

the reactions in exergonic reactions. They release energy as __________________________________. Another name

for an exergonic reaction is __________________________________.

Examples of EXERGONIC reactions Example of an EXERGONIC Graph:

●

●

●


https://prezi.com/fqyta0kc26ug/enzymes-and-activation/

Endergonic Reactions

1. Endergonic reactions ________________________________________ energy. The products are

______________________________________________ than the reactants in endergonic reactions.

2. Another name for endergonic reactions is _____________________________________________.

Examples of ENDERGONIC reactions Example of an ENDERGONIC Graph:

●

●

●

3. Some exergonic reactions are hard to get started due to the amount of energy that is required for

“push-off”. ____________________________ is used by chemical reactionsk for the push needed to complete the

reaction.


4. Enzymes are known as ________________________ which ______________________________activation energy needed

for a chemical reaction.

5. Enzymes are known as ______________________________ which _______________________________ activation energy

for a chemical reaction.

6. Enzymes are ________________________________, one of the four macromolecules.

7. ________________________________ and ______________________________ can affect chemical reactions which can

form or break reactions.

8. The ____________________________________________________________ is the model used to demonstrate how

enzymes break down _____________________________ into ____________________________. The substrate binds to

the enzyme at the __________________________________ _________________________________.

Draw the Enzyme-Substrate Model in the box below. BE SURE TO LABEL ALL COMPONENTS!


Highlight and annotate these pages. Answer the questions in the margins and pay special attention to the vocabulary!


Highlight and annotate these pages. Answer the questions in the margins and pay special attention to the vocab!


Macromolecule notes *because we already covered macromolecules,I only included a short summary page. Go back in your macromolecule

notes when studying for the unit test.


Enzyme and Macromolecule Practice


enzymes and macromolecules - ms. silber's biologyclass · 2019-09-23 · enzyme &...

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