environmental systems portfolio

environmental systems

Alex AlaimoProf. R. DadrasNYIT-MA5/2011

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House Information:

Single Family Residential

(4) Bedroom

(3 1/2) Bathrooms

Calculations:

Well:

4 BR x 2 p/BR= 8 people

8p x 75 g/p= 600 g/day

600g/20h = 30g/h (assume 20h pumping day)

30g/h /60m = ½ g / min

6 hour pneumatic tank:

6h x 30 g/h= 180 g…. 200 g tank

Cold water:

4 bedrooms x 2 people per bedroom= 8 people

8 people x 75 gallons/person/day = 600 gallons/day

Hot water:

8 people x 12.5 gallons/hour = 100 gal/hour heater needed

bathing: 8p x 1 baths x 25 g = 200g

Dishwashing: (3) 10 G/wash 30g

Washing machine: (3) 36g/wash= 100g

Estimated total: 200g+30g+100g= 330g round up to 400g/day

Hot Water Cost:

Using #2 oil costing $3.00/gal

400g/day x 30 d= 12,000 g/month

12,000 g/m x 8.33 lb/g x 1btu/deg x (120-50)= 7,000,000 btu/m

plumbing

Alaimo 2

7,000,000 btu/m/ 141,000(.75)= 50 g/m

198.5/m x 3.00 $/g= $150.00/ month

Sewage: Septic System w/ Leech Field:

Fixture Group Quantity Fixture Units/ item Total Fixture Units

Bathroom Group 3 6 18

Washing machine 1 3 3

W.C. (1/2) Bath 1 4 4

Lavatory (1/2 bath) 1 1 1

Kitchen sink w/ dishwasher

1 3 3

TOTALS 24

4 Bedrooms house with 24 fixture units needs a 1200 gallon septic tank, upgrade to 1500 gal tank for possible future addition.

Septic field:

75 gal/day/person x 8 people= 600 gal sewage/day.

1500 gal tank

1” drop per 10 min perc test (24” trench)= 30 ft/ 100 gal: 30 x 15= 450 ft of trench

Needs 4 double 60’ tiles providing 480 ft of 24” trench

See attached for layout


Alaimo

Water Supply Main:

Floor to floor height is 10’ there are 3 floors. Flush tank wc and shower are on top floor. Street pressure is 50 psi.

1. 30’ (vert) +10’ (hor) + 6’ = 46’ developed length (DL)

2. 46’ x .5 = 23’ equivalent length (EL)

3. 46’ + 23’= 69’ total equivalent length (TEL)

4. static head: EL x .433…. 23’ x .433= 10 psi (SH)

5. total fixture unit= 24 FU

6. water demand using 24 FU = 18 g/m

7. pressure lost in meter (assume 1” pipe) = 2 psi

8. pressure needed in fixture (8 psi for flush tank)= 8 psi

9. total pressure lost. 10 psi + 2 psi+ 8 psi= 20 psi (TPL)

10. pressure available for friction lost. 50psi-20psi= 30 psi (PAFL)

11. friction in loss of head 30 psi (100’/ 100’) ?????? assume 25 psi (F.L.H)

12. 18gpm 25psi (FLH) …. Smooth cooper pipe= ¾” pipe

Drainage: sloped roof

Main roof drainage area horizontal projection = 1739 sq ft .. other area (HP)= 287 sqft

Located Poughkeepsie NY= 5”/ hour max

Design calls for 2 leaders for main roof , 1 from other

1739sq ft in Dutchess Co NY calls for 8” gutter with 1/8”/ ft pitch (D-5) w/ 4” leaders

gutter side for other roof is sized to 4” with 1/8” /ft pitch with a 4” leader

plumbing

3

sustainability


HE ORIGINAL PLAN PARTI WAS TWO BLOCK CONNECTED BY A LONG NARROW GREAT OOM. IT WAS REDESIGNED SO THE LONG SIDE OF THE GREAT ROOM WAS PERPENDICU-AR TO THE SOUTH. THIS REDESIGN ALLOWS THE HOUSE TO GAIN A LOT MORE FROM THE

WINTER SUN. ADDITIONALLY THE SOUTHERN WALL WAS CHANGED TO A DOUBLE GLAZED WALL WHILE THE OPPOSITE BECAME A THICK CONCRETE THERMAL MASS WALL THE GLAZED WALL ALSO PROVIDES GREAT DAYLIGHTING FOR THE MAIN SPACES.

ORIGINAL PLAN

sustainability

REDESIGNED FEATURES:THERMAL MASS WALLWINTER SOLAR GAIN (GLAZED WALL)PERPENDICULAR TO SOUTHDAYLIGHTING

REDESIGNED PLAN


THE SUSTAINABLE GOAL OF THE REDESIGN WAS TO MAKE THE HOUSE COMPLETELY PASSIVELY HEATED AND COOLED. TO ACCOMPLISH THIS A GLAZED WALL WAS PLACED ON THE LONG SOUTH SIDE OF THE HOUSE. THE OPPOSITE WALL AND ADJA-CENT FLOOR BECAME THICK CONCRETE THERMAL MASS ELEMENTS. IN THE WINTER SOUTHERN LIGHT WOULD BE ABLE TO HEAT THE WALL AND FLOOR MASSES AND THEY WOULD RERADIATE THE HEAT DURING THE NIGHT. THE FLOOR WOULD ALSO HAVE SUPPLEMENTARY RADIANT FLOOR COILS WITH WATER HEATER FROM THE EVACUATED TUBES ON THE ROOF. THE ROOF PITCH WAS INCREASED TO OPTIMIZED THE ANGLE OF THE EVACUATED TUBES AND ALLOW FOR BETTER ANGLE FOR SNOW. SUMMER OPERA-TION CONSIDERATIONS INCLUDE A LARGER OVERHANG OF THE SOUTHERN GLAZED WALL TO SHADE IT AND AN OPERABLE CLERESTORY WINDOW PROVIDING STACK VENTILATION REMOVING WARM AIR.

ORIGINAL SECTION

sustainability

REDESIGNED SECTION

REDESIGNED FEATURES:CLEARSTORY VENTILATIONEVACUATED TUBESSOLAR ANGLE SHADINGTHERMAL MASS FLOORTHERMAL MASS WALLTROMBE WALLRADIANT FLOOR HEATINGROOF ANGLE TO SHED SNOW

OPERABLE WINDOW

THERMAL WALL/FLOOR

SUM

MER

WINTER

EVACUATED TUBES

GRADE


THE MODIFIED LANDSCAPING DESIGN CONSIDERS BLOCKING NORTHERN WINDS, AND SHADING STHE PAVED DRIVE. ON THE NORTH SIDE OF THE HOUSE NEW CONIFEROUS TREES ARE TO BE PLANTECULT TO HEAT IN THE WINTER. ON THE SOUTH SIDE DECIDUOUS TREES ARE TO BE PLANTED THAT WOWALL IN THE SUMMER. IN THE WINTER WHEN THEY LOSE THEIR LEAVES SUNLIGHT WOULD BE ABLE TOHEATED. ONE CONIFEROUS TREE WOULD BE REMOVED ON THE SOUTH EN SIDE SO NOT TO SHADE WOULD BE PLANTED ON THE DOWNHILL SIDE OF THE DRIVEWAY TO REDUCE RUNOFF.

ORIGINAL LANDSCAPING

EXISTING TREE TO REMAIN

NEW NATIVE GROUND COVER TO BE PLANTED NEW CONIFEROU

TO BE PLANTED

sustainability

SOUTHERN GLAZING IN THE SUMMER AS WELL AS REDUCING RUNOFF FROM ED IN ORDER TO BLOCK WINTER WINDS THAT WOULD MAKE IT MORE DIFFI-OULD ACT TO SHADE, WITH THEIR LEAVES IN BLOOM THE SOUTHERN TROMB O HIT THE TROMB WALL DIRECTLY ALLOWING FOR THE SPACE TO BE LIT AND THE TROMB WALL IN THE WINTER MONTHS. ALSO NATIVE GROUND COVER

REDESIGNED LANDSCAPING

US SAPLING EXISTING CONIFEROUS TREE TO BE REMOVED

NEW DECIDUOUS SAPLINGTO BE PLANTED


Alex Alaimo Environmental Systems II R. Dadras February, 23

Cost of (8) electonics

Power= Voltage x Amperage

Energy used= power x time

-4 h on 20 h off: Laptop (120v, 2.5 a- .5a)

120v x 4.5a = 540W x 4 h= 2160 Wh 120v x .5a = 60W x 20 h= 1200 Wh

total for 24 hours= 4.6 kWh

-24 h on Cell phone charger

120v x .15a= 18W x 24 h= 432 total for 24 h= .43 kWh

-24 h Refrigerator (4.5 a)

120v x 4.5 a = 540w x 24 h= 12960 Wh 13 kWh

-2 h Television (90W)

90W x 2 hours= 180Wh = .18 kWh

-0.2 h Microwave (700 W)

1000W x 0.2 h = .200 kWh

-24 h Wireless router (10W)

10W x 24h= .24kWh

-6 h 60 watt lamp (60 W)

60W x 6 hours= 330Wh = .36 kWh

-electric water boiler (1500w)

1500w x .1 h = 150wh= .15kWh

TOTAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION: 19.16 Kwh/ day

TOTAL MONTHLY COST: +- 20 kWh x 31 days x $0.17 = $105. 40 month

electrical


INPUT

1 0 0 1 0 11

binary

on on on onoff off offtransmitter light sourcefiber optcircuitry LED/ laser

Less expensive - Several miles of optical cable can be made cheaper than equivalent lengths of copper wire.

Thinner - Optical fibers can be drawn to smaller diameters than copper wire.

Higher carrying capacity - Because optical fibers are thinner than copper wires, more fibers can be bundled into a given-diameter cable than copper wires.

Less signal degradation - The loss of signal in optical fiber is less than in copper wire.

Light signals - Unlike electrical signals in copper wires, light signals from one fiber do not interfere with those of other fibers in the same cable.

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FIBER OPTIC TECHNOLOGY

A

TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTIO

Liis thva

This allows light to bend in a cable as it keeps reflecting off the walls of the tube.

MULTI MODE- used for short distances such as local net-works or medical equipment. LED can be used as the light source. Diameter is more than 10 microns.

SINGLE MODE- used for long distances such as telecom-munication lines. Lasers can be used as the light source. diameter is 8-10 microns

SINGLE VS MULTI MODE

Optical fibers are long thin stands of glass that light is transmitted through. It con-verts information to light waves which bounce off the walls of a optical fiber. It re-flects of the walls of the glass fiber via a phenomena known as total internal reflection. This technology is constantly be-ing improved in terms of cost and materials and is being more widely used to send in-formation over long distances replacing copper and metallic cables.

electrical

OUTPUT

1 0 0 1 0 11

binary

recieverdetectortic cable

Low power - Because signals in optical fibers degrade less, low-er-power transmitters can be used instead of the high-voltage electrical transmitters needed for copper wires.

Digital signals - Optical fibers are ideally suited for carrying digital information, which is especially useful in computer net-works.

Non-flammable - Because no electricity is passed through opti-cal fibers, there is no fire hazard.

Lightweight - An optical cable weighs less than a comparable copper wire cable. Fiber-optic cables take up less space in the ground.

plastic jacket

FIBER-OPTIC CABLE OPTICAL FIBER

armor: steel/aramid

waterproof tape

optical fiber

optical core: gla

buffer (color cod

cladding (lower index of

strength core

fiber bundle

ALEX ALAIMO. ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS II. PROF R. DADRAS. 3/16/ 2

ON

ght is sent though a material and bounced off the walls because

he outer layer has lesser refractive alue.

VS METALLIC CABLE COMPONEN

HISTORY - 1840’s Daniel Colladon and Jacques Babinet ‘light pipe’

- 1870’s John Tyndall, science behind total internal refection

- 1900’s early applications for dentistry and medical technology

- 1970 Corning Glass Works reduces attenuation for telecommunication applications

-1981 General Electric develops quartz ingots able to be stretched into 25 mile lengths

-1991 photonic crystal fiver developed

-2007 Verizon FioS introduced

sustainability

Sustainable Design Alterations Proposal:

1. Fiber optic day lighting

Replace selected electric lamps with fiber optic day lighting lamps to reduce electrical load.

2. Rain water collection

Collect Rain water in a drywell to be used to irrigate garden and lawn. To reduce water usage.

3. Insulated Concrete Forms

Foundation and cellar walls and the long North wall to be made from ICF’s for better insulation. Provides R-25 insulation and will make the basement warm enough to use in the winter and cool in the summer can save up


insulated concrete formsbefore

uninsulated foundation causes enitire house to lose energy in cold months

INSULATED CONCRETE FORMS CAN BE USED FOR THE FOUNDATION INSTEAD OF CONVEN-TIONAL CMU OR POURED CONCRETE. THERE IS LESS CONSTRUCTION WASTE AS THERE IS NO WASTED BLOCK OR FORMS. THE INSULATION SERVES AS THE FORM. ADDITIONALLY LAYERS OF INSULATION ARE PROVIDED CREATED A THERMAL BREAK BETWEEN EXTERIOR AND INTERIOR. iT WILL KEEP CELLAR WARM IN WINTER AND COOL IN SUMMER AND SAVE HEATING AND COOLING FOR THE ENITIRE HOUSE .

sustainability

after

metal ladder reinforcing

8” poured conc

thermal barrier

6” poured conc

r

metal ladderreinforcing

” poured conc


fiber optic daylighting

REMOVE (9) 1OO WATT LAMPS

900 WAT T X 5 HOURS= 4.5KWH4.5KWH X 30 DAYS= 135KWH X $.18= $24/ MONTH AND $300/ YEARFIBER OPTIC DAYLIGHTING CAN BE INSTALLED WITH COLLECTORS ONROOF. FIBER OPTIC CABLE COULD RUN FROM THE COLLECTOR TO SPECIAL OPERABLE LIGHT FIXTURES. WHEN THE INSULATED SHADE IS PULLED OVER THE SOLAR GLASS DAYLIGHTINGS STILL POSSIBLE. ADDITIONALLY INTERIOR ROOMS SUCH AS

BATHROOMS AND THE CELLAR NOW CAN BE PROVIDED WITH DAYLIGHT.

sustainability

COLLECTOR

SCONCE FIXTURE

SCONCE FIXTURE

FIXTURE

FIBE

R O

PTIC

CA

BLE

INSU

LATE

D S

UN

SH

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flower beds

rain water collection system

vegetable garden

composting bin

drywell

irragation spiget

irragation spiget

gutters

roof

(col

lect

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A RAINWATER RECYCING SYSTEM CA BE ECONIMCALLY ADDEDTO REDUCE WATER USAGE. THE GUTTER SYSTEM WILL COLLECTRAIN WATER FROM THE ROOF AND TRANDFER IT TO A DRYWELLBURIED BELOW THE FROST LINE. DURING DRY TIMES WATER THEWATER STORED CAN BE USED FOR THE IRRIGATION OF THE LAWN,FLOWER BEDS AND VEGETABLE GARDEN.

1 2

2

3

4

5 5

5

5

5

4

sustainability

drywell

frost line

collected water

valve

hose

roof

leader

1

2

3

4

5


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DRI

VEW

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sustainability

TRO

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TROMBE WALLO

RIG

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sustainability

OPERABLE CLERESTORY FOR VENTILATION

LOCAL SHAKE SHINGLES

STONE THERMAL MASS WALL


N

sustainability

coniferous trees

fiber optic daylight collectors

evacuated tube hotwater panels

rain water collection leaders

deciduous trees

rainwater drywell

thermal floor mass

trombe wall

solar overhang

environmental systems portfolio

Documents

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bedrooms x

galdayperson x

baths x

btudeg x

psi tpl

psi flh

psi pafl