Environmental Science Catalyst 4/14/14

Go to class website: http://aofscience.weebly.com and scroll down to Catalysts. Complete the questions and press submit.

Question:

1. How do minerals form?

Place any class cash or unused emergency passes in the bin. Today is the LAST DAY I will accept these.

Catalyst

Announcements Minerals and Rocks Quiz on Wednesday, April 16 Chapter 13 Packet DUE Thursday, April 17. Period 10: Call to Action Project Details uploaded online.

Looking at Minerals and Rocks

Rocks and the Rock Cycle Discussion

Rocks Online Activity

Classwork Time

Exit Slip

Reminders

Environmental Science Agenda 4/14/14

Mining for . . . Cell Phones?

Large reserves of the metal tantalum are found in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, in Africa.

Tantalum jumped in value in the 1990s as high-tech devices that need tantalum, such as cell phones, became common.

There is international concern regarding the role tantalum mining has played in the extended conflict in the Congo.

Talk About It Is it important to think about the sources of the minerals we use?

Objective(s)

We will be able to

1. Explain what a mineral is.

Lesson 13.1 Minerals and Rocks

Over 4000 minerals have been identified, but only 1% of these are common in Earth’s crust.Amethyst

What Are Minerals?

1. Occur in nature

2. Chemically inorganic (most of the time)

3. Solids

4. Have orderly crystalline structures***

5. Have definite chemical compositions (some made by one element, some are combination of compounds)

Pyrite (Fool’s Gold)

***What are Crystals?

Crystals are solid, geometric forms of minerals produced by a repeating pattern of atoms.

How Important Is Crystalline Structure?

Well, take a look at the following:

- This is graphite - This is a diamond(pencil lead)

How Important

is Crystalline Structure?

They are both made from the element carbon!

The only difference is the pattern the atoms are in crystalline structure

Properties of MineralsProperty Description

• Color A few minerals can be identified by their color. But color varies in most minerals depending on how they form.

• Streak The streak of a mineral is the color of its powder. Although mineral color may vary, streak color does not.

• Luster How light is reflected off a mineral’s surface is called luster. It may be described as glassy, earthy, silky, metallic, etc.

• Crystal A mineral can be identified by the particular arrangement of its atoms.

• HardnessMohs scale ranks mineral hardness 1–10. 1 = talc, which can be scratched by a fingernail. 10 = diamond, which can scratch all known common minerals.

• Cleavage A mineral that splits easily along a flat surface and forms a new “face” is said to have cleavage.

• Fracture Minerals that break irregularly, rather than leaving a flat surface, have fracture, not cleavage.

• Density Each mineral has a characteristic density—mass per unit volume.

Uses for mineralsSee pictures by viewing this at http://www.schools.utah.gov/curr/Science/sciber00/7th/classify/sciber/minclas2.htm

Call to Action

In small groups of your choosing, choose a community/environmental problem that you would like to tackle.

What specific steps can you do to help solve this problem?

Objective(s)

We will be able to

1. Describe how minerals form.

How do minerals form?

How Diamonds Form

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vHPOp69SO9E

Mineral Formation

Minerals can form in four ways: Crystallization from

magma or lava Precipitation Pressure and temperature Production by organisms

Mineral Formation: Crystallization from Magma or Lava

Crystals form as magma (deep in Earth) or lava (on Earth’s surface) from deep inside the Earth cools.

Mineral Formation: Precipitation

During precipitation, liquid in a solution evaporates and leaves solids behind as crystals to form minerals.

Mineral Formation: Pressure and Temperature

High temperature and pressure, may cause atoms to be rearranged.

How Important

is Crystalline Structure?

They are both made from the element carbon!

The only difference is the pattern the atoms are in crystalline structure

POLYMORPHS = same chemical make up, different arrangement of atoms

Mineral Formation: Produced by Organisms

Outer hard structures of some organisms can become part of a mineral when they die in rock and harden.

Mineral Formation

Salt basins of the Sierra Nevada The Miwok people filled these basins with water from a salt spring and let it evaporate, to form salt for trading.

Coral Mineral formed by living things

Mineral Formation

Minerals can form in four ways: Crystallization from

magma or lava Precipitation Pressure and temperature Production by organisms

Where are minerals found?

During Classwork Time

1. Stay focused on the assignments you are given.

2. Do the questions INDEPENDENTLY (on your own).

3. Keep the noise level down.

4. Ask THREE before you ask ME.

5. You may put earphones on and listen to music quietly as you do your work. (Pick a playlist and stick with it!)

6. You must finish a certain number of questions (depends on the person) by the end of the period.

TASK:

13.1 Questions

Mineral ClassesMinerals are classified based on their elements or compounds.

Lesson 13.1 Minerals and Rocks

Objective(s)

We will be able to

1. Identify types of rocks and the stages of the rock cycle.

Rocks Naturally occurring

solids made up of minerals and mineral-like materials

Types of Rocks

Igneous: Form when magma cools and solidifies; can be intrusive or extrusive

Sedimentary: Form when sediments cement together or when water evaporates and leaves behind minerals; can be clastic, chemical, or biochemical

Metamorphic: Form when heat or pressure changes the crystalline structure of existing rock

Bryce Canyon National Park

Igneous

Formed when magma cools and hardens

Can cool inside the earth (intrusive) or on its surface from volcanoes (extrusive)

TYPO ALERT!!!

METAMORPHIC SHOULD BE SEDIMENTARY!!! (SWITCH THE LABELS)

Sedimentary

Formed from particles of sand, shells, pebbles, and other fragments (together called sediment)

Builds up in layers and over time hardens into rock

Only type to contain fossils

Metamorphic

Formed under surface of the earth from intense heat and pressure

Some have layered or banded appearance while others do not

ROCK CYCLE

The Rock Cycle

The rock cycle slowly changes rocks from one type to another through heating, melting, cooling, weathering, and erosion

ROCK CYCLE

http://youtube.com/watch?v=SRaInMDNyE8

Interactive Learning! FUN!!!

http://www.learner.org/interactives/rockcycle/types.html

To access the link above, go to the class website. Navigate to ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCEChapter 13: Mineral Resources and Mining. Scroll down to “Minerals and Rocks Resources.”

Go through tutorial and take notes in your notebook. Study this material by quizzing the person next to you.

Go on the class website. Click on Environmental Science

Minerals. Scroll down until you see Exit Slip. If you are talking or copying, you will not receive credit.

Exit Slip Questions1. Summarize the rock cycle.

2. Discuss the differences between the three main types of rocks.

Reminders

DON’T FORGET YOUR PACKET STAMPS. Minerals and Rocks Quiz on Wednesday, April

16 Chapter 13 Packet DUE Thursday, April 17. Period 10: Call to Action Project Details

uploaded online.