Environmental ChemistryEnvironmental Chemistry

04/21/2304/21/23 APHY101APHY101 11

Environmental ChemistryEnvironmental Chemistry The Carbon Cycle

04/21/2304/21/23 APHY101APHY101 22

Environmental ChemistryEnvironmental Chemistry Air Pollution

Carbon Monoxide• 80% from natural sources• 20% from automobile combustion (urban

problem)

Photochemical Smog• Nitrogen Oxide from automobile combustion• Nitrogen Dioxide forms Ozone NO2 + sunlight → NO + O

O + O2 → O3

• Catalytic converter04/21/2304/21/23 APHY101APHY101 33

Environmental ChemistryEnvironmental Chemistry Air Pollution

Industrial Smog• Sulfur oxides (SO2 and SO3)

• Smelters that produce Cu, Zn, Pb• Coal burning

SO2 + O2 → SO3

SO3 + H2O → H2SO4

04/21/2304/21/23 APHY101APHY101 44

Environmental ChemistryEnvironmental Chemistry

04/21/2304/21/23 APHY101APHY101 55

Environmental ChemistryEnvironmental Chemistry

04/21/2304/21/23 APHY101APHY101 66

Environmental ChemistryEnvironmental Chemistry

04/21/2304/21/23 APHY101APHY101 77

Environmental ChemistryEnvironmental Chemistry Purifying Our Water

Remove dirt and bacteria• Boiling, iodine tablets or UV light

Aerate to remove odors and improve taste

04/21/2304/21/23 APHY101APHY101 88

Environmental ChemistryEnvironmental Chemistry Desalination

Removing salt from seawater or brackish groundwater

• Distillation and reverse osmosis

Osmosis – the net flow of a fluid into a more concentrated solution

04/21/2304/21/23 APHY101APHY101 99

Environmental ChemistryEnvironmental Chemistry Desalination

04/21/2304/21/23 APHY101APHY101 1010

04/21/2304/21/23 APHY101APHY101 1111

Wastewater Treatment Plant in Wastewater Treatment Plant in Prichard, AlabamaPrichard, Alabama

04/21/2304/21/23 APHY101APHY101 1212

180 MGD Wastewater Treatment Plant in 180 MGD Wastewater Treatment Plant in Baltimore, MarylandBaltimore, Maryland

Environmental ChemistryEnvironmental Chemistry Wastewater Treatment with algae

Advanced Integrated Pond Systems• Plants use waste as fertilizer• Paddlewheels aerate the waste• Sunlight disinfects the waste• Saves electricity and reduces the volume of

sludge• Plants are harvested for fuel• Example 1, 2

04/21/2304/21/23 APHY101APHY101 1313

Environmental ChemistryEnvironmental Chemistry

04/21/2304/21/23 APHY101APHY101 1414

Environmental ChemistryEnvironmental Chemistry

04/21/2304/21/23 APHY101APHY101 1515