ENGOs and the State in China中国：环境非政府组织，政府

Conflict and Cooperation

Source: Landezine. Available: http://www.landezine.com/index.php/2010/12/a-cepf-campaign-by-jwt-agency/ [Accessed 06/03/2011].

Environmentalism v. Communism I(In)Compatible?

Source: Author.

Source: Digitális Irodalmi Akadémia. Available: http://dia.pool.pim.hu/html/muvek/MOLDOVA/

moldova00072/moldova00073e/moldova00073e.html [Accessed 06/03/2011].

Environmentalism v. Communism IICollision Course?

Magyar Népköztársaság

Source: Think About It. Available: http://water.thinkaboutit.eu/think5/post/dam_on_danube_and_the_end_of_communism/ [Accessed 06/03/2011].

Environmentalism v. Communism IIICollision Course?

Deutsche Demokratische Republik

Source: Haus der Geschichte der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Available: http://www.hdg.de/lemo/objekte/pict/NeueHerausforderungen_zeitschriftArc

heNova/index.html [Accessed 06/03/2011].

Source: Jugend Opposition in der DDR. Available: http://www.jugendopposition.de/index.php?id=201 [Accessed

06/03/2011].Source: Deutscher Naturschutztag. Available: http://www.deutscher-naturschutztag.de/fileadmin/DNT/

documents/Vortraege/Beleiters_DNT2010.pdf [Accessed

06/03/2011].

Environment in Mao’s China IIndustrialization

蒸蒸日上

Source: Chinese Posters. Available: http://www.chineseposters.net/posters/e13-43.php [Accessed 06/03/2011].

Environment in Mao’s China IIFarmland愚公移山

Source: Shapiro, J. (2001). Mao's war against nature: politics and the environment in Revolutionary China. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.

Environment in Mao’s China IIILand Reclamation

围湖造田

Source: Shapiro, J. (2001). Mao's war against nature: politics and the environment in Revolutionary China. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.

Environment in Mao’s China IVRailways

与天斗，其乐无穷

Source: Shapiro, J. (2001). Mao's war against nature: politics and the environment in Revolutionary China. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.

Environment in Mao’s China VDams

高峡出平湖

Source: Shapiro, J. (2001). Mao's war against nature: politics and the environment in Revolutionary China. Cambridge,

Cambridge University Press.

Source: Confucius Online. Available: http://www.confuciusonline.com/wp-content/plugins/wp-o-matic/cache/92006_20101205sanmenxia1.jpg [Accessed

06/03/2011].

Source: Jiang, H. (2008). Grassland campaigns during the collective era: socialist politics and local strategies in Uxin Ju. China's embedded activism: opportunities and constraints of a social movement. P. Ho and R. L. Edmonds. London, Routledge: 89-110.

Source: Chinese Posters. Available: http://www.chineseposters.net/themes/four-

pests.php [Accessed 06/03/2011].

Environment in Mao’s China VICampaigns人定胜天

Environment in Present-Day China IAir Quality

Source: Google Data. Available: http://www.google.com/publicdata [Accessed 06/03/2011].

Environment in Present-Day China IIClean Water

Source: The Boston Globe. Available: http://www.boston.com/bigpicture/2010/09/scenes_from_china.html [Accessed 06/03/2011].

Environment in Present-Day China IIIDeforestation

Source: The Boston Globe. Available: http://www.boston.com/bigpicture/2010/09/scenes_from_china.html [Accessed 06/03/2011].

Environment in Present-Day China IVDesertification

Source: The Boston Globe. Available: http://www.boston.com/bigpicture/2010/09/scenes_from_china.html [Accessed 06/03/2011].

Source: National Geographic. Available: http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/bigphotos/24972519.html [Accessed 06/03/2011].

Environment in Present-Day China VEndangered Species

Source: China Hush. Available: http://www.chinahush.com/2009/10/21/amazing-pictures-pollution-in-china/ [Accessed 06/03/2011].

Environment in Present-Day China VISoil Contamination

Source: Brettell, A. (2008). Channeling Dissent: The Institutionalization of Environmental Complaint Resolution. China's embedded activism: opportunities and constraints of a social movement. P. Ho and R. L. Edmonds. London, Routledge: 114,119.

ENGOs in China IPublic Response, Media, Internet, Fertile Ground (?)

信访

ENGOs in China IIHistory, Numbers, Activities & “Female Mildness”

温柔

Source: Time. Available: http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/

0,28804,1924149_1924155_1924436,00.html [Accessed 06/03/2011].

“We guide the public instead of blaming them and help the government instead of complaining about it. This, perhaps, is the “female mildness” referred to by the media. I don’t appreciate extremist methods . I ’m engaged in environmental protection and don’t want to use it for political aims. This is my way, and my principle too.”

Liao Xiaoyi (廖晓义)

Global Village of Beijing (北京地球村环境文化中心)

ENGOs in China IIILeaders & “Organizational Entrepreneurs”

Liang Congjie（梁从诫）

Source: The Guardian. Available: http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/nov/15/liang-congjie-obituary [Accessed 06/03/2011].

ENGOs in China IVInternational ENGOs & Transnationalism

Source: China Smack. Available: http://advertising.chinasmack.com/2010/greenpeace-plants-disposable-chopstick-forest-in-china.html [Accessed 06/03/2011].

ENGOs in China VThe State, Regulatory Framework & “Embeddedness”

“For an NGO to supervise the government it is necessary that it can see what the government is doing. At present, Chinese NGOs can only see the result of policies, they cannot see the process of policy-making ... they do not see much more than the common people. Does an NGO understand what it must do to influence policies? ... If you cannot survive because you get into conflict with the government, what use does that have? China’s political system is different from the West. China has a one-party rule, and the development of NGOs and civil society is closely related to that.”

Zhang Tianzhu, Tsinghua University Co-drafter of the 10th National Environmental Five-Year Plan

NGOs in China VIThe State, GONGOs & “Blurred Divides”

政府组织的非政府组织

Source: Wu, F. (2003). "Environmental GONGO Autonomy: Unintended Consequences of State Strategies in China." The Good Society 12(1): 38.

Source: Landezine. Available: http://www.landezine.com/index.php/2010/12/a-cepf-campaign-by-jwt-agency/ [Accessed 06/03/2011].

Conclusion INegative Outlook...

Conclusion II... or Positive Outlook?

Source: Author.

Thank You!谢谢！

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