Environmental Issues in IndiaEnvironmental Issues in India-- NEERINEERI’’s Efforts to Address s Efforts to Address

Water and Air CleanWater and Air Clean--upup

National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur–20

www.neeri.res.in - director@neeri.res.in

Dr. T. Chakrabarti Acting Director

Environmental Environmental Issues in IndiaIssues in India

The Underlying Causes of The Underlying Causes of Environmental Degradation Environmental Degradation

in Indiain India

Social FactorsSocial FactorsEconomic FactorsEconomic FactorsInstitutional FactorsInstitutional Factors

Social FactorsSocial Factors

PopulationPopulationPovertyPovertyUrbanizationUrbanization

Economic FactorsEconomic FactorsNon-existent or poorly functioning markets for environmental goods and services Market distortions created by price controls and subsidies The manufacturing technology adopted by most of the industries which generally is based on intensive resource and energy use.Expansion of chemical based industryGrowing transport activitiesExpansion of port and harbour activities.

Institutional FactorsInstitutional Factors

Lack of awareness and infrastructure Lack of awareness and infrastructure

makes implementation of most of the makes implementation of most of the

laws relating to environment, laws relating to environment,

extremely difficult and ineffectiveextremely difficult and ineffective..

Environmental Policy in Environmental Policy in IndiaIndia

Ancient India-Buddhist Period

The Arthashastra by Kautilya, written as early as between 321 and 300 BC, contained provisions meant to regulate a number of aspects related to the environment. The fifth pillar edict of Emperor Ashoka also contains such regulations

Environmental Policy in IndiaEnvironmental Policy in IndiaDuring the British Reign in India:During the British Reign in India:

Shore Nuisance (Bombay and Shore Nuisance (Bombay and KolabaKolaba) Act, 1853) Act, 1853The Indian Penal Code, 1860The Indian Penal Code, 1860The ElephantThe Elephant’’s Preservation Act, 1879s Preservation Act, 1879The Indian Easements Act, 1882 The Indian Easements Act, 1882 The Fisheries Act, 1897 The Fisheries Act, 1897 The Factories Act, 1897 The Factories Act, 1897 The Bengal Smoke Nuisance Act, 1905 The Bengal Smoke Nuisance Act, 1905 The Bombay Smoke Nuisance Act, 1912 The Bombay Smoke Nuisance Act, 1912 Wild Birds and Animals Protection Act, 1912Wild Birds and Animals Protection Act, 1912

Environmental Policy In Environmental Policy In IndiaIndia

Modern IndiaNational Council for Environmental Policy and Planning was set up in 1972 which was later evolved into Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) in 1985.MoEF and the pollution control boards (CPCB i.e. Central Pollution Control Board and SPCBs i.e. State Pollution Control Boards) together form the regulatory and administrative core of the sector.

Environmental Policy In Environmental Policy In IndiaIndia

The Policy Statement for Abatement of The Policy Statement for Abatement of Pollution and the National Conservation Pollution and the National Conservation Strategy and Policy Statement on Strategy and Policy Statement on Environment and Development were brought Environment and Development were brought out by the out by the MoEFMoEF in 1992. in 1992. The EAP (Environmental Action The EAP (Environmental Action ProgrammeProgramme) ) was formulated in 1993 with the objective of was formulated in 1993 with the objective of improving environmental services and improving environmental services and integrating environmental considerations into integrating environmental considerations into development development programmesprogrammes. .

Environmental Policy In Environmental Policy In IndiaIndia

National Environment Policy, 2006It the first initiative in strategy-formulation for environmental protection in a comprehensive manner.It undertakes a diagnosis of the causative factors of land degradation with a view to flagging the remedial measures required in this direction. It recognizes that the relevant fiscal, tariffs and sectoral policies need to take explicit account of their unintentional impacts on land degradation.

Environmental Policy In Environmental Policy In IndiaIndia

National Environment Policy, 2006 (contd.)

The solutions offered to overcome the problem comprise adoption of both, science-based and traditional land-use practices, pilot-scale demonstrations, large scale dissemination, adoption of Multi-stakeholder partnerships, promotion of agro-forestry, organic farming, environmentally sustainable cropping patterns and adoption of efficient irrigation techniques.

ConstitutionalConstitutional FrameworkFramework

Article 21 - Fundamental Rights Article 48A - Directive Principles of

State Policy Article 51A(g) - Fundamental Duties

Legislative FrameworkLegislative FrameworkThe Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess Act, 1977The Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 Atomic Energy Act of 1982 Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 (EPA) Motor Vehicles Act ,1988The National Environment Appellate Authority Act, 1997 Public Liability Insurance Act (PLIA), 1991 National Environment Tribunal Act, 1995

Role of Judiciary in Imparting Role of Judiciary in Imparting Environmental JusticeEnvironmental Justice

The Judiciary has come up with the “judge-driven implementation” of environmental administration in India.It has isolated specific environmental law principles upon interpretation of Indian Statutes and Constitution.Public Interest Litigations (PILs) which is the result of the relaxation of the locus standi rules by the judiciary, is the characteristic feature of the environmental litigation in India.

Role of Judiciary in Imparting Role of Judiciary in Imparting Environmental JusticeEnvironmental JusticeDisputes relating to environment are treated as cases related to violation of fundamental rights, rather than claims under law of torts.It has been held that the Supreme Court and the High Courts can be directly approached under Article 32 and Article 226 of the Constitution of India in case of matters relating to environment.

Environmental issues in Environmental issues in India includeIndia include

Poverty.populationPoverty.population and pollutionand pollutionRapid monitoring and assessment of Rapid monitoring and assessment of environmental pollution and controlenvironmental pollution and controlRestoration of contaminated environmentRestoration of contaminated environmentManagement of solid and hazardous Management of solid and hazardous wasteswastesControl of pollution caused by the Control of pollution caused by the SMEsSMEsAir pollution controlAir pollution controlAdoption of BATNEEC and technoAdoption of BATNEEC and techno--economically feasible solution.economically feasible solution.

NEERINEERI’’ss Efforts Efforts to Address to Address

Water and Air Water and Air CleanClean--upup

NEERI NEERI NEERI was established in 1958 as Central Public Health Engineering Research Institute.(CPHERI)

CPHERI was renamed as National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI) in 1974 by Mrs.Indira Gandhi, the then Prime Minister of India

It was established as a unique Institution of its kind by CSIR

NEERI and ZONAL LABSNEERI and ZONAL LABS

Nation-wide presence with Headquarters at Nagpur and five zonal centers

Chennai

Delhi

Hyderabad

Kolkata

Mumbai

SocietyPresident: PM

Vice President: Minister S&T

Governing BodyChairman: Director General

Advisory Board

CSIR HQrsHead: Director General

Performance Appraisal Board

Research Council

R&D Laboratories (38)Head: Director

Management Council

Organization Chart : CSIROrganization Chart : CSIR

Organization ChartOrganization Chart

Activities of NEERIActivities of NEERIResearch intensive areasResearch intensive areas

Environmental Biotechnology & GenomicsEnvironmental Biotechnology & GenomicsEnvironmental MaterialsEnvironmental Materials

Public and strategic areasPublic and strategic areasEnvironmental MonitoringEnvironmental MonitoringEnvironmental Policy AnalysisEnvironmental Policy Analysis

SocioSocio--economic areas (urban & rural)economic areas (urban & rural)Drinking WaterDrinking WaterClean AirClean AirSolid and Hazardous Waste managementSolid and Hazardous Waste managementEnvironment & HealthEnvironment & HealthAdvice to Central & State Government Agencies Advice to Central & State Government Agencies JudiciaryJudiciary

Industry focusIndustry focusEnvironment AuditEnvironment AuditEnvironmental Technology AssessmentEnvironmental Technology AssessmentEnvironmental Impact & Risk AssessmentEnvironmental Impact & Risk Assessment

NEERINEERI’’S Focus Areas S Focus Areas Indoor Air Quality (IAQ)Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) –– VOCsVOCs, Monitoring, Health , Monitoring, Health Impacts, Public Awareness and TrainingImpacts, Public Awareness and Training

Ambient Air Quality (AAQ)Ambient Air Quality (AAQ) –– Urban AQ dataUrban AQ data--bank, bank, inventorizationinventorization, source apportionment analysis, , source apportionment analysis, analytical techniques, cost effective control, analytical techniques, cost effective control, conservation of monumentsconservation of monuments

Drinking WaterDrinking Water –– WQ surveillance and assessment, WQ surveillance and assessment, water treatment, supply and distribution, training for water treatment, supply and distribution, training for rural sectorrural sector

Water ResourcesWater Resources –– EIA of river linking projects, EIA of river linking projects, artificial recharge of groundwater and aquifers, ecoartificial recharge of groundwater and aquifers, eco--restoration of lakes and reservoirs, ecological minimum restoration of lakes and reservoirs, ecological minimum flows, watershed planning, flows, watershed planning, catchmentcatchment areas treatment, areas treatment, salinity ingress in coastal areassalinity ingress in coastal areas

NEERINEERI’’S Focus Areas S Focus Areas Wastewater Wastewater -- Recycling for zero discharge, color and pathogen Recycling for zero discharge, color and pathogen removal, removal, treatabilitytreatability studies, and Design or revamping studies, and Design or revamping ETPs/STPs/CETPsETPs/STPs/CETPs through innovative solutionsthrough innovative solutions

Industry Industry -- Waste minimization, Recovery and recycling of wastes, Waste minimization, Recovery and recycling of wastes, Environment and process audit, EIA, Carrying capacity, LCA, GlobEnvironment and process audit, EIA, Carrying capacity, LCA, Global al environmental policiesenvironmental policies

Bio/Bio/PhytoPhyto RemediationRemediation –– Reclamation and restoration of degraded Reclamation and restoration of degraded landslands (mine spoil dumps/tailings, saline soils, etc.), Carbon (mine spoil dumps/tailings, saline soils, etc.), Carbon sequestration applications, Land application of treated sewage, sequestration applications, Land application of treated sewage, nutrient nutrient dynamicsdynamics

Municipal Solid & Hazardous Wastes Municipal Solid & Hazardous Wastes -- Design of Design of landfills,treatmentlandfills,treatmentand disposal systems, Composting and and disposal systems, Composting and biomethanationbiomethanation, stabilization , stabilization

Energy securityEnergy security -- Biogas systems, Enrichment of methane, Microbial Biogas systems, Enrichment of methane, Microbial production of hydrogenproduction of hydrogen

Health Health -- Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) analysis for delineation Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) analysis for delineation of genetic disturbances due to exposures to air pollutantsof genetic disturbances due to exposures to air pollutants

Mandates of NEERI To To conduct R&Dconduct R&D in environmental science in environmental science and engineeringand engineeringTo To participateparticipate in CSIR thrust areas and in CSIR thrust areas and mission projects to mission projects to developdevelop ESTsESTsTo To render assistancerender assistance to industries & to industries & Government bodies to mitigate Government bodies to mitigate environmental pollutionenvironmental pollutionTo To interact and collaborateinteract and collaborate with with academic and research institutions on academic and research institutions on environmental science and engineering for environmental science and engineering for mutual benefitmutual benefit

Environmental MonitoringEnvironmental Biotechnology & GenomicsEnvironmental Impact & Risk AssessmentEnvironmental System Design and ModellingEnvironmental MaterialsHazardous Waste Management

AdvisoryCentral Ministries/BoardsState Ministries/BoardsJudiciaryIndustries

NEERI’s Current Activities

R&D Space R&D Space –– Present and FuturePresent and FutureCurrent Thrust AreasCurrent Thrust Areas

Environmental MonitoringEnvironmental MonitoringEnvironmental Biotechnology and GenomicsEnvironmental Biotechnology and GenomicsEnvironmental Impact and Risk AssessmentEnvironmental Impact and Risk AssessmentEnvironmental System Design and Environmental System Design and ModellingModellingEnvironment MaterialsEnvironment MaterialsHazardous Waste ManagementHazardous Waste Management

New AreasNew AreasEnvironment and HealthEnvironment and HealthMonitoring and MitigationMonitoring and MitigationEcorestorationEcorestoration and Remediationand RemediationClimate ChangeClimate ChangeNatural Resource AccountingNatural Resource AccountingLife Cycle AssessmentLife Cycle AssessmentMolecular Environmental ScienceMolecular Environmental Science

Scientific Disciplines of ScientistScientific Disciplines of Scientist (As on May 1, 2008)(As on May 1, 2008)

Botany (4)

Agriculture ( 2)

Instrumentation (1)

Mathematics & Statistics(2)

Zoology (4)

Meteorology (2)Microbiology (9)

Environmental & PH Engg. (26)

Chemical Engg. (24)

Electronics (5)

Chemistry (33)

Biochemistry (4)

Marine Biology, 1

Geophysics (2)Physics (5)

WaterWater EnvironmentEnvironment

Colour vs Output

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Output

Output:1. Review and Evaluation of available Instruments & Techniques2. Assessment of feasibility, efficiency and accuracy of available field methods3. Selection of suitable method for estimation based on Gutziet method4. Assembling of microcontroller based electronic circuit on general purpose PCB5. Interface of Microcontroller to PC through RS-232 interface6. Fabrication of prototype of sample holder and sensor assembly7. Evaluation of the test prototype using synthetic colour samples.

Objectives:Evaluation of available field analysis methods and choosing the most applicable one.Development and assessment of the electronic circuit prototype

based on the above method.

This project also won the 3rd Prize in poster presentation in the International conference on“Water Crisis-Challenges & Opportunities during 28-29 Feb 2008 held in NEERI, Nagpur.

Developed novel methods for removing Arsenic from contaminated sDeveloped novel methods for removing Arsenic from contaminated soil oil using microorganismusing microorganism-- derived derived siderophoressiderophores.. This work was appeared in .. This work was appeared in European Commission DG Environment News Alert Service, USA.European Commission DG Environment News Alert Service, USA.

Citation:Citation:

Pesticide monitored:OrganochlorinesOrganophosphates Synthetic pyrethroidsHerbicides

Monthly Monitoring of 60 sites (Open wells and tube wells) in 8 districts including Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh

NagpurWardhaBhandaraAmravatiYavatmalNasikChandrapurChhindwara

Major pesticides monitored

α‐HCHβ‐HCH γ‐HCHδ‐HCHHeptachlorAlachlorAldrinDicofolEndo IButachlorp‐p'DDEEndo IIp‐p'DDDEndosulphan

sulphatep‐p'DDTFenpropethrinλ‐cyhalothrinDimethoateMonocrotophosMethyl parathionProfenophosEthionQuinalphosMalathionChlorpyriphosPhosphamidonFenamiphos

Objectives:To evaluate the status of pesticide residues in ground water A survey of type and quantity of pesticides used in and crop pattern to track the pesticide pathway

Output:Synthetic pyrethroids

and Herbicides were not found in samplesOrganophosphates were used on sites but were not found  in ground waterOrganochlorines

like endosulphan, lindane, p,p’‐DDE, dicofol

are found but well below   regulatory limits

α-HCH

KalpasarKalpasar Project Project Construction of 64.16 km dam across Gulf of Khambhat to create freshwater lake of approximately 2000 km2 area

Impoundment of freshwater discharged in Gulf by 12 rivers including Narmada, Mahi, Dhadharand Sabarmati

Provide annually 5461 Mm3 water to irrigate more than 1 million ha of arid land in southern Saurashtra, 990 Mm3 water for domestic consumption and 500 Mm3 water for industrial development in Saurashtra and Kachchh region

Generate 5880 MW tidal power

Reclaim 119,000 ha of peripheral saline land for residential, agricultural and industrial development

Provide multi-lane rail and highway construction over the dam to reduce travel distance (by about 225 km) between South Gujarat and Saurashtra

Facilitate port and fisheries development

Environmental System Design & Environmental System Design & ModellingModelling DivisionDivisionCEIA for Mumbai Sewage Disposal Project (MCGM)CEIA for Mumbai Sewage Disposal Project (MCGM)

SCOPE OF WORKBase line scenario at the sites for air, noise, water, land and socio-economic i/c land use

Details of proposed infrastructures including buildings, machineries, drainage, manpower, construction equipment etc. and their impact on the above environments

Detailed study on mangrove destruction, if any and disposal of surplus earth, materials, wastes etc. Construction schedule, particularly the 3.5 km tunnelling and shaft works and their operational impacts in various environmentImpacts due to foreseeable climatic conditionsPost Project impact on Coastal Water Quality due to discharge of treated wastewater through ocean outfall at Erangal (Mike 21)

The Environmental Management Plan for each environment during constructional and operational phases

Environmental monitoring schedule and responsibilities

Pollution Abatement of Pollution Abatement of DamodarDamodar River System River System (DVC)(DVC)

350 km Damodar, its14 tributaries and several drains -Sampling for over 600 samples in three season to assess over 30 parameters in each sampleCreation of three Laboratories at Bokaro, Putki, DurgapurSampling in five reservoirs including sedimentsSecondary data collection for industries, towns, pollution generation and treatment facilitiesIdentification of critical stretches of Damodar and tributaries based on above primary and secondary dataDesign and costing of treatment systems for municipal wastewatersConsultation with DVC/ CPCB for implementation

Study of Groundwater Aquifer System at Jagannath Puri

Web based GIS for Indian Environment ENVIGIS (SIP 16/5.1)

Configuration of environmental database with GIS utility on web serverDesign and development of web and map based queries of environmental parameters in GIS environmentDevelopment of statistical tools for trend and pattern analysis

Groundwater quality assessment for three seasons (August 2006, Nov 2006 and June 2007 total 150 samples)Hydrodynamics of groundwater flow and contaminant transport (Visual Modflow)Simulation of saltwater intrusion for safe pumping withdrawal from the water fields (SeaWat)

GIS-Based Mapping of NetworksAttribute Data for .shp filesEstimated Model ParametersModel SimulationAssessment of Results

Desk-based AssessmentField Study

Scope

Integration of GIS w ith Mathematical models 0

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Contaminant Conc

Medium

Medium

Busy

Traffic

V.GoodV.Good0.05LowDI2005V.Good5Low5

GoodGood0.3LowCI1996Good4Medium4

PoorPoor0.9LowRCC1975Bad2High3

Workmanship

Bedding Condition

Leakage(lps)

PressureKg/cm2)

Material

Installation Year

PCA Class

PCA Rank

Risk Class

RiskRank

LegendRISKRANK

2345Road

`

High Risk due toBad Pipe Condition

IRA-WDS helps in identifying the relative risks associated with contaminant intrusion into WDS Decision-makers can prioritize their operational maintenance strategiesReal life Application at Hyderabad City

Risk Assessment of Contaminant Intrusion into Water Risk Assessment of Contaminant Intrusion into Water Distribution System to Identify Risk Prone Pipes for Distribution System to Identify Risk Prone Pipes for

Replacement (USEPA)Replacement (USEPA)

The GIS-based methodology for modelingRunoff estimationNPS estimation in progress

Kanhan River Sub-watershed

Fertilizer applied (kg) in Kharif season

TehsilTotal N

(kg)Total P

(kg)Total K

(kg)

Saoner 2069420 1034710 1034710

Parseoni 1480640 740320 740320

TehsilTotal N

(kg)Total P

(kg)Total K

(kg)

Saoner 411820 295640 237600

Parseoni 978295 667470 505890

Fertilizer applied (kg) in Rabi season

Development of GIS-based Modelling Tool for Assessment of Non-point Source Pollution in a Watershed (DST Project)

Topics Covered: Sustainable development, JNNURM Approach, Water Supply and Wastewater collection, treatment, Disposal and Reuse, Industrial Wastewater treatment, recycle and reuse; Bio-medical and Solidwaste Management, Collection, Treatment and disposal, Laws and RegulationField Visit: Biomedical waste treatment plant and STP in Nagpur

Capacity Building Programme on Bio-Medical Waste management & Urban Environmental Management, Dec 10-14, 2007 (UNHABITAT)State Govt and Municipal corporations of Bhopal, Indore, Gwalior and Jabalpur in MP

“NEERI ZAR” for Potable Water Supply

Geo-Environment Management Division

Three Dimensional Electrodes for Effective and Advanced TreatmenThree Dimensional Electrodes for Effective and Advanced Treatment of t of Landfill Landfill LeachateLeachate -- DST Sponsored ProjectDST Sponsored Project

Leachate from hazardous landfill site is a complex wastewater

Landfill Site Leachate Sample

Microporous Carbon

GAC: Particle size 2-3 mm 3-D Reactor

Characteristics of Leachate from BEIL, Ankaleshwar

ParameterParameter ConcentrationConcentration

pHpH 8.38.3--8.58.5

Electrical Electrical ConductivityConductivity

200200--212 212

ColourColour Dark BrownDark Brown

CODCOD 1710717107--18374 18374

TKNTKN 20002000--2242 2242

ChlorideChloride 52298 52298

SulphateSulphate 14231423--1505 1505

SulphideSulphide 5656--64 64

MnMn 40.9540.95--42.75 42.75

FeFe 18.6518.65--19.75 19.75

Effect of applied current on the removal of COD & TKN (Target Parameters)

Sample/ ParameterSample/ Parameter 1 Amp.*1 Amp.* 2 Amp.*2 Amp.* 3 Amp.*3 Amp.*

CODCOD TKNTKN COD COD TKNTKN CODCOD TKNTKN

InitialInitial 1710717107 20002000 1837418374 20002000 1824018240 20002000

After adsorption**After adsorption** 1536015360 17641764 1635216352 17641764 1623316233 17641764

After electrochemical After electrochemical oxidationoxidation++

38013801 180180 39603960 112112 36803680 2020

Per cent reductionPer cent reduction 77.877.8 9191 78.578.5 94.494.4 79.879.8 9999

Elect. energy per massElect. energy per massEEEMEM (kWh/kg)(kWh/kg)

0.280.28 2.982.98 0.330.33 3.233.23 0.460.46 7.517.51

*Working voltage 3.2V at 1A, 4.3V at 2A, and 5.9V at 3A ; ** 1 h contact time ; + 6 h electrochemical oxidation

Conclusion• Recalcitrant COD and TKN present in landfill leachate can be removed simultaneously in a

three-dimensional carbon bed electrochemical reactor with high efficiency. • The net removal of COD and TKN under the applied current may be attributed to adsorption-

electro-oxidation cycles, facilitated by electro-oxidative regeneration of carbon bed. • Application of lower current (i.e. 1 A) is attractive because of low energy requirement per

removal of unit mass of COD and TKN.Concentration in mg/l except pH & elec. cond.(mscm-1)

Treatment of landfill leachate by electrochemical oxidation was conducted in a batch electrolytic fixed bed three dimensional electrodes reactor using granular activated carbon as

particle electrodes.

Development of Biotechnological Approach for Treatment of Nitrogenous Wastewater using Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation Process - DBT Sponsored Project

Objective : Objective : To develop a biotechnological system (AAOP) for treatment of nitTo develop a biotechnological system (AAOP) for treatment of nitrogenous wastewaterrogenous wastewater

ParametersParameters UnitsUnits Performance of bioreactorPerformance of bioreactor

HRTHRT hrhr 1212 1212 1212

DO conc.DO conc. mg/Lmg/L 4.2 4.2 ±±

0.50.5 2.2 2.2 ±±

0.20.2 0.9 0.9 ±±

0.20.2

Ammonia feedAmmonia feed mg /lmg /l 75 75 ±±

1212 6868±±

1515 7171±±

1212

NHNH 44 oxidation oxidation Per centPer cent 53 53 ±±

22 75 75 ±±

33 73 73 ±±

2.52.5

NONO 22 oxidationoxidation Per centPer cent 46 46 ±±

0.50.5 21 21 ±±

0.30.3 1818 ±±

0.20.2

Effluent NOEffluent NO 33 mg/Lmg/L 18 18 ±±

22 7 7 ±±

0.50.5 2 2 ±±

0.50.5

((Nitrite to total Nitrite to total nitrogen ratio)nitrogen ratio)

-- 0.650.65 0.820.82 0.870.87

SEM Micrographs of AAO BiomassFixed bed reactor

Salient AchievementsPartial nitrification of ammonia to nitrite was achieved under limiting oxygen condition ( DO conc.:0.9 mg/l) To accomplish complete inhibition of nitrification, 90 days of reactor operation under oxygen limiting stage (0.9 ± 0.2 mg/l) was necessaryThe biofilm was colonised with species of ammonia oxidizing bacteria like Nitrosomonaseuropea & Nitrosomonas eutropha having the ability to partially nitrify (ammonia to nitrite)

Start-up period

Anticipated AdvantagesReduced oxygen requirement by >60% No additional organic carbon source for denitrification requiredLess biomass production Applicable for low COD/N ratio wastewater

After 245 d of operation

Future WorkDevelop the ANAMOX system as second stage of the processDevelopment of HYBRID bioreactor for coupling the two stage process of AAOPOptimization of process parameters.

Principle

NH4+ + 1.5 O2 H+ + 2H2 O + NO2

- (partial nitrification)

NH4+ + 1.32NO2

- + 0.13H+ 1.02 N2 + 0.026 NO3- + 2.0 H2 O (anammox)

Wastewater Technology DivisionWastewater Technology Division

EC Hypo EC+EO Hypo+EO0

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COD COLOR

Studies on Studies on ColourColour and COD Removal from Molasses Based Yeast and COD Removal from Molasses Based Yeast Manufacturing Industry Wastewater at M/s AB Manufacturing Industry Wastewater at M/s AB MauriMauri India Pvt. Ltd. India Pvt. Ltd. --

Industry Sponsored ProjectIndustry Sponsored Project

Conclusion

Yeast manufacturing wastewater can be treated effectively for Colour and recalcitrant COD removal adopting Electrocoagulation + Electrooxidation or Hypo treatment + Electrooxidation

COD removal- >75%Colour removal- >95%

+ -

pH- 7.2-7.3COD- 3680-5400 mg/lColour (450nm) - ~10 unitsTDS- 14000-16000 mg/l

COD removal- 30-35%Colour removal- 65-75%

Hypo Contactor(sodium hypo chlorite)

Settling tank

Electrooxidation3 D Carbon bed// C Anode//

SS Cathode

Electocoagulation

-

After Hypo treatment

After EC

+ _

Treatability Conducted

Future Studies

Optimization of process parametersPilot scale up

Objective : Removal of colour and recalcitrant COD from secondary treated effluent from molasses based yeast manufacturing industry

Lime treatment Electrochemical coagulation Fenton oxidation Electrochemical coagulation + ElctrooxidationAlum treatment Potassium permanganate Hypo treatment Hypo treatment + Elctrooxidation

Optimized treatment scheme

Composite Correction Composite Correction ProgrammeProgrammeSponsor Sponsor -- USEPA USEPA

Objective : Composite Correction Program optimizes particle removal during water treatment to protect the public from microbial contamination. CCP defines specific performance goals based on key treatment processes such as sedimentation, filtration, and disinfection. Often, water treatment plant operations can maximize their performance with limited capital investment

Scope of Work :Assessment of plant performance: Utilize the data listed aboveEvaluation of major unit processes and conducting interviewsIdentification and prioritization of performance limiting factorsReporting results of the evaluationPresent findings to plant and administrative personnel and prepare and distribute CPE report

Wastewater TreatmentWastewater Treatment

Reuse of WastewaterReuse of Wastewater

HorticultureHorticulture

AgricultureAgriculture

AIR Pollution Monitoring and

Control

Air Quality MonitoringAir Quality Monitoring

AQM and Source Apportionment AQM and Source Apportionment Studies for DelhiStudies for Delhi

HC and VOC Monitoring in the work zone area of CPCL Refinery

NEERI Chennai Zonal Laboratory

Source apportionment of VOCs CMB-8

maximum expected ozone concentration and maximum expected ozone precursor emission impact site.

Methodology

Monitoring VOC & Ozone

Identifications of reactive VOCs

Photochemical model to predict ground level ozone concentration UAM-V

Kolkata city specific mitigation policy for VOC control

Ambient Air Quality Status of Kolkata with reference to Ozone, Volatile Organic Compounds and Carbonyls

KZL KZL -- Research & Development ProjectsResearch & Development Projects

Identification & Concentration of VOCs in various indoors

Emission/Sorption rates of commonly observed VOCs in Emission Chamber

Determination of Coefficients for the model

Development Mass Transfer Model

Apply to Indoor locations

Supra Institutional Project- Development of Mass Transfer Model of Volatile Organic Compounds as Indoor Air Pollutant and Control Options.

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Research & Development ProjectsPresent ProjectsPresent Projects

Lung Function test of interveiwed group

PM2.5 Concentration in Residential area

Collection of health status information through

questionaires in different economic groups within 2km

raduis of monitoring site

Correlation of the data

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Mr Chattarjee'sCabin - Ground

Floor

Ground Foor -Open Area

NOC - Inside thedome

Mr Rao's cabin -First Floor

Without Ozonisation With Ozonisation Percentage Reduction

Assessment of the effects of High Particulate pollutants on Plumonary Health Status in selected mega cities of south Asia

Indoor Air Quality in terms of VOCs and Ozone at Tatatele Services Premises

Environmental Biotechnology DivisionEnvironmental Biotechnology DivisionSignificant AchievementsSignificant Achievements

Pilot plant for treatment of odorouspollutant – pyridine

Lab scale biofilter

Innovation / Uniqueness

Odour characterization & complexitiesFirst-of-its kind project in India on odourRoad map for formulation of odour norms attuned to Indian scenario (EN 13275, ASTM)

Bench scale biofilter system for treatment of waste gas containing

sulphurous odorant

Odour removal studies

Objectives of the project:

Identification of sources of releases of dioxins and furansTo develop clean-up technologies

1) 2,3,7,8 TCDF 2) 2,3,7,8 TCDD 3) 1,2,3,7,8 PeCDF4) 2,3,4,7,8 PeCDF5) 1,2,3,7,8 PeCDD6) 1,2,3,4,7,8 HxCDF7) 1,2,3,6,7,8 HxCDF8) 2,3,4,6,7,8 HxCDF9) 1,2,3,4,7,8 HxCDD10 ) 1,2,3,6,7,8 HxCDD11 ) 1,2,3,7,8,9 HxCDD12 ) 1,2,3,7,8,9 HxCDF13 ) 1,2,3,4,6,7,8 HpCDF14 ) 1,2,3,4,6,7,8 HpCDD15 ) 1,2,3,4,7,8,9 HpCDF16 ) OCDD 17 ) OCDF

Characterization, Monitoring and Management of Dioxins and FuranCharacterization, Monitoring and Management of Dioxins and Furanss

GC-MS-MS spectra for the 17 congeners of dioxin and furan

Saw DustSaw Dust

Washed with water and sun dried

Washed with water and sun dried

Treated with known quantities of H2 SO4

Treated with known quantities of H2 SO4

Held in Air oven at 1500C for calculated time

Held in Air oven at 1500C for calculated time

Washed till neutral pHWashed till neutral pH

Sawdust based carbon prepared for Dioxin & Furan Removal

Output

Optimization and calibration of GC-MS-MS for dioxin and furans

Preparation of carbon and activation for adsorption studies

Solid and Solid and Hazardous Waste Hazardous Waste

ManagementManagement

Solid Waste Management Unit

Management of Municipal Solid Waste

Quantification and characterization

Treatment and disposal

Landfill design

Environmental and health impact

Management of Industrial Solid and Hazardous waste

Identification, Quantification and characterization

Recovery of value added chemicals

Waste minimization by reuse and recycle

Assessment and remediation of hazardous waste contaminated sites

reatment and safe disposal

Work Areas

Feasibility study on disposal of empty containers of Feasibility study on disposal of empty containers of hazardous chemicals in Induction furnace at hazardous chemicals in Induction furnace at GoaGoa

Objectives:Safe disposal of empty containers of hazardous chemicals

Salient findings of the study:Full scale studies

Emissions for hazardous constitutents (VOC, SOx, NOxetc) were monitored

Non-feasibility of disposal due to unorganized working of induction furnaces, improper operating conditions (oxygen, residence time) and improper emission control systems

The recommended of modifications, improvements in the existing system

Empty Containers of hazardous chemicals

Fugitive emissions of hazardous chemicals

Monitoring of emissions

Studies on the Emission of HCN during Studies on the Emission of HCN during Decontamination of Discarded Cyanide Containers Decontamination of Discarded Cyanide Containers

at at ZawarZawar Mine of HZLMine of HZL

Objectives:Monitoring of cyanide emissions

during decontamination of empty cyanide containers

Salient findings of the study:Zawar mine uses sodium cyanide as one of the raw material

After use the empty containers of sodium cyanide are generated

The containers and liners are decontaminated by HZL through alkaline chlorination.

The monitoring of emissions during decontamination process did not indicated release of HCN.

Recommendations were made for improving the decontamination process as it was a crude system.

Decontamination of cyanide containers

Monitoring of cyanide emissions

Pilot Scale remediation of mercury contaminated site Pilot Scale remediation of mercury contaminated site at Hindustan Unilever Ltd., at Hindustan Unilever Ltd., KodaikanalKodaikanal

Objectives:Remediation of mercury contaminated soil to a risk based target level of 20 mg/kg.

Salient findings of the study:Bench scale studies at NEERI on soil washing and thermal retorting

Commissioning and operation of pilot scale soil washing and thermal retort units by HUL, Kodaikanal under the guidance of NEERI

Trial runs indicated remediation of mercury contaminated soil well below the target level using combination of soil washing and retorting

Development of technical protocol and a DPR for site remediation

Full scale commissioning and remediation activities are underway

Site with levels of mercury contamination

Pilot scale soil remediation

Assessment of Aquifer Vulnerability at Assessment of Aquifer Vulnerability at RajpuraRajpura-- DaribaDariba Mines of Hindustan Zinc LimitedMines of Hindustan Zinc Limited

Objectives:Assessment of aquifer vulnerability due to tailings disposal at R-D Mines of HZL

Salient findings of the study:Tailings generation – 2.2 Lakh MTPA

Major constituents – lead, zinc, iron

Tailing Dam size - (1.5 km x 0.5 km) x 6m height

Calculation of aquifer vulnerability index (AVI) for the tailings dam area using DRASTIC model (hydrogeologic model)

The calculated AVI score of 93 out of a total score of 185 indicated low to moderate aquifer pollution potential

The predictions from AVI study were Verified and validated through groundwater monitoring

Tailing dam at R-D Mines

Tailing

Design of Secure Landfill for Design of Secure Landfill for JayshreeJayshree Chemical LimitedChemical Limited

ObjectivesDesign of secure landfill system for mercury sludgeDelineation of operating guidelines, closure and post closure measures

Work DoneDesign of various component like lime, liner, cover and leachatecollection systemFormulation of closure and post closure methodologiesRanking of the site based on geological and hydrogeological and other relevant parameters Design has been implemented by Jayshree Chemical Limited under the guidance of NEERI

Developing Preventive Measures to Minimize Health Hazards for Developing Preventive Measures to Minimize Health Hazards for municipal solid waste workers, Sponsored by Ministry of municipal solid waste workers, Sponsored by Ministry of

Environment & Forests (Environment & Forests (MoEFMoEF), New Delhi), New Delhi

Objectives

Studies on health status of MSW workers

Statistical analysis, interpretation of data and delineation of preventive measures

Salient Findings

Complain of chest pain, muscular pain, headache, eye irritation, cough problem, skin problem and injury

CRP, ESR and PFT were found positive in many cases

CRP concentration much higher than control population

No. of samples 250

Blood samples of Exposed human/animal

PCR-RFLP of Hot spots

IEF, 2D Gel, Antibody, hybridization,

imaging

Select proteins

Peptide finger printing

Amino acid Sequencing

DNA sequencing

Proteomics

Genomics• CYP 2D 6L

• CYP 1A1

• NQ 01

• NAT 2

• GSTP1

• GST M1

Reverse Genomics

Mn Mn/PAH PAH

Exon 6&9

Exon 7

Exon 6

Null allele

Exon 5

Exon2

Exon Number

Metabolic genes

ToxicogenomicsToxicogenomics of polymorphism in Indian population of polymorphism in Indian population to industrial chemicals for development of biomarkersto industrial chemicals for development of biomarkers

Solid Waste Management Plan for Solid Waste Management Plan for MalegaonMalegaon Municipal CorporationMunicipal Corporation

SponsorSponsor-- MalegaonMalegaon Municipal CorporationMunicipal CorporationObjectiveObjective

Assessment of quantity of MSW reaching the siteAssessment of quantity of MSW reaching the site

Assessment of biodegradable and nonAssessment of biodegradable and non--biodegradable fraction in biodegradable fraction in MSW at selected locations and quantity of MSWMSW at selected locations and quantity of MSW

Scope of WorkScope of Work

Site visits , collection of secondary dataSite visits , collection of secondary data

Quantification and characterization of the MSW at dump siteQuantification and characterization of the MSW at dump site

Assessment of existing dump site of MSW at dump siteAssessment of existing dump site of MSW at dump site

NEERI NEERI -- XI Five Year PlanXI Five Year PlanCSIR Network CSIR Network ProgrammesProgrammes

Ecology & Environment Ecology & Environment Bioremediation Bioremediation -- Coordinated by NEERI (Dr. T. Coordinated by NEERI (Dr. T. ChakrabartiChakrabarti) )

Earth System & ScienceEarth System & ScienceGlobal Change Global Change -- Coordinated by NPL (Dr. J.S. Coordinated by NPL (Dr. J.S. PandeyPandey) (to be formulated) ) (to be formulated) CO2 Sequestration CO2 Sequestration --Coordinated by NIO (Dr. S. Coordinated by NIO (Dr. S. RayaluRayalu) )

Water Resource and TechnologyWater Resource and TechnologyMembranes for waste purification/reclamation Membranes for waste purification/reclamation -- Coordinated by CSMCRI Coordinated by CSMCRI (Dr. N.N. (Dr. N.N. RaoRao) ) Ground water quality assessment Ground water quality assessment --Coordinated by NGRI (Dr. P.R. Coordinated by NGRI (Dr. P.R. PujariPujari) )

Leather Leather Zero Emission research Zero Emission research -- Coordinated by CLRI Coordinated by CLRI (Dr. T. (Dr. T. NandyNandy & Dr. A.N & Dr. A.N VaidyaVaidya) )

Supra Institutional Project Supra Institutional Project Molecular Environmental Science Molecular Environmental Science -- NEERI Project (NEERI Project (Dr.SDr.S. . RayaluRayalu) )

Infrastructure Project of NEERIInfrastructure Project of NEERISophisticated Analytical Instrumentation Centre Sophisticated Analytical Instrumentation Centre ( Dr. N.P. Thacker) (to be reformulated)( Dr. N.P. Thacker) (to be reformulated)

Non Network ProjectsNon Network Projects

Remediation/ EcoRemediation/ Eco--restoration and Cleanup restoration and Cleanup of Contaminated Ground and Water of Contaminated Ground and Water

Resources (NWPResources (NWP--19)19)

BiosurfactantBiosurfactant assisted toxic metal mobilization assisted toxic metal mobilization and HC degradation in oily sludge contaminated and HC degradation in oily sludge contaminated soilsoil

Arsenic translocation biochemistry in tissue Arsenic translocation biochemistry in tissue cultured and pot cultured plants cultured and pot cultured plants ((PterisPteris vittatavittata, Bamboo, , Bamboo, VeteveriaVeteveria and Mimosa)and Mimosa)

Biotransformation of Biotransformation of endosulfanendosulfan and and biodegradation of biodegradation of azoazo dyes dyes (Direct Black 38, Direct Blue 15)(Direct Black 38, Direct Blue 15)

Extraction of Extraction of metagenomesmetagenomes from pesticides, from pesticides, heavy metals and hydrocarbon contaminated heavy metals and hydrocarbon contaminated sitessites

Environmental Genomics UnitEnvironmental Genomics UnitObjectives at a Glance: Study of Microbial community in

Environmental Niches

Activated Biomass

Bioremediation

Bio-prospecting

Stress-Pathway

Adaptation

Impact Assessment

Not Working efficientlyNot Working efficiently

Working efficientlyWorking efficiently

Tools :

Microbiological Microbiological

Molecular Molecular

BioinformaticsBioinformatics

Work plan:

Goals & Deliverables Goals & Deliverables

Functional Functional DiversityDiversity

Catabolic Catabolic DiversityDiversity

Microbial Microbial DiversityDiversity

Genomics tools in EIA and forced bioremediation in peripheral environment of refinery

Functional Microbial Diversity for Municipal Solid waste

Designing of Effective consortium for sewage treatment

MetagenomeMetagenome analysis analysis of contaminated site & of contaminated site & ETP ETP (DBT project: 2008(DBT project: 2008--2011)2011)

Stress response Stress response to high TDS by to high TDS by microbial microbial communitycommunity

Current R & D ActivitiesCurrent R & D Activities

Bioremediation & Environment Impact Assessment

1. Microbial community analysis from ETPs

2. Diaphorobacter isolate for NH4 & NO3 removal

3. Hydrocarbons, chlorophenol and Atrazine degradation

4. Designing of Metal resistance Consortium Disinfection by Disinfection by

Bauxite residue: Bauxite residue: Sponsor: Alcoa, USASponsor: Alcoa, USA

Hydrogen generation Value added productWaste water treatment VOC’s control

Wastewater treatment

Hydrogen storageNitrate removal

Fluoride removal Arsenic removalCarbon captureMethane enrichment Diesel emission control

Catalytic methane combustionVOCs and NOx control

EMUR&D Activities

Biocomposites / Biocatalysts

Photocatalysts

Molecular/ Mathematical

Modeling

Adsorbents

Perovskite/Low- cost catalysts

Mixed oxides

Enzyme immobilization Biomimetic sequestration Carbon sequestration

Nanomagnets•Zeolite•Carbon•Mesoporous materials•Compositematerials

Adsorption & catalytic processes

Environmental Materials Unit

Growth of EMU

EMU Performance EMU Performance --April 2007April 2007--till datetill date

EMU bestowed with “Best Division Award”for R&D performance for two consecutive years in 2005-2006 and 2006-2007

International CollaborationsNIMS, JapanIIC, Czech RepublicIPC, RomaniaHokkaido University, JapanPolitechnico di Torino, Italy

National CollaborationsNCL, IIP, IICT, NPL, NIO, CSMCRI, UICT, CMRI

Industrial and other PartnersALCOA, USANTPC, New DelhiUNICEF, Bhopal

NEERI-UNICEF Manual on IFM

Published • Total number of publications : 17• Cumulative impact factor: 28.4

• Total number of patents granted

• International 03• National NIL

• Total number of patents filed 01• Total number of disclosures 02

• Total number of sponsoredprojects: 10

• ECF generated = Rs. 86.135 lakhs

•Total number of in-house/ CSIR projects: 08•Funds received : Rs. 146.6 lakhs

Domestic Level Domestic Level DefluoridationDefluoridation of of Drinking WaterDrinking Water

Treated water <1 mg/L of

fluoride

Loose Sorbent Method

MaterialsMaterials Final F Conc. Final F Conc. (mg/L)(mg/L)

TDS TDS (mg/L)(mg/L)

pHpH

NEERINEERI--II 0.5400.540 304304 6.86.8

NEERINEERI--IIII 0.5510.551 495495 6.76.7

Activated Activated aluminaalumina

1.7201.720 464464 7.17.1

Requires fast kinetics for F uptake

Field water:- Contact time 20 min, Initial F Conc.: 5.2 mg/L

Patents : 3 and Publications :3

M+

M+M+M+

M+

Unmodified Clays Cap: 0.0231 mg/g

Modified Clays Cap: 0.205 mg/g

FunctionalisationMetal Treatment

Low Cost Clays qe > 8.9 times

M+

M+M+M+

M+

M+

M+M+M+

M+

Unmodified Clays Cap: 0.0231 mg/g

Modified Clays Cap: 0.205 mg/g

FunctionalisationMetal Treatment

Low Cost Clays qe > 8.9 times

Supported Metal

Oxides

Biocomposite

Cap: 0.23 mg/g Cap: 12.72 mg/gqe > 55 times

Supported Metal

Oxides

Biocomposite

Cap: 0.23 mg/g Cap: 12.72 mg/gqe > 55 times

U n m o d i f i e d U n m o d i f i e d B i o p o l y m e rB i o p o l y m e rC a p : 0 . 3 4 4 C a p : 0 . 3 4 4 m g / gm g / g

M o d i f i e d M o d i f i e d B i o p o l y m e r B i o p o l y m e r C a p : C a p : 4 . 1 1 m g / g 4 . 1 1 m g / g

O

OC H 2 O H

O HO

N H 2

H

H

H

H

O

OC H 2 O H

O HO

NH

H

H

H

H

O

OC H 2 O H

O HO

NH

H

H

H

HM O H

B i o p o l y m e r s

M e t a l I m p r e g n a t i o n

q e > 1 2 t i m e s

U n m o d i f i e d U n m o d i f i e d B i o p o l y m e rB i o p o l y m e rC a p : 0 . 3 4 4 C a p : 0 . 3 4 4 m g / gm g / g

M o d i f i e d M o d i f i e d B i o p o l y m e r B i o p o l y m e r C a p : C a p : 4 . 1 1 m g / g 4 . 1 1 m g / g

O

OC H 2 O H

O HO

N H 2

H

H

H

H

O

OC H 2 O H

O HO

NH

H

H

H

H

O

OC H 2 O H

O HO

NH

H

H

H

HM O H

O

OC H 2 O H

O HO

NH

H

H

H

H

O

OC H 2 O H

O HO

NH

H

H

H

HM O H

B i o p o l y m e r s

M e t a l I m p r e g n a t i o n

q e > 1 2 t i m e s

Industrial WW

Chem.Eng. J. 129 (2007) 173-180

Break through

adsorption capacity vis-

à-vis alumina

DefluoridationDefluoridation of ALCOA wastewater using of ALCOA wastewater using ESM AdsorbentESM Adsorbent

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

0 5 10 15 20

Ce (mg/L)

q e (m

g/g)

Activated aluminaESM

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Ce (mg/L)

qe(m

g/g)

Acivated alumina

ESM

Comparison of Defluoridation of Simulated Wastewater using ESM and Activated Alumina

Comparison of Defluoridation of Wastewater (ALOCA, Italy) using ESM and Activated Alumina

Comparison of Defluoridation of Wastewater (ALOCA, Messena) using ESM and Activated Alumina

Type of wastewaterType of wastewater qqmaxmax (mg/g)(mg/g)

K (L/mg)K (L/mg) RR22

Simulated wastewaterSimulated wastewater 12.7212.72 3.233.23 0.980.98Italy wastewaterItaly wastewater 116.28116.28 0.0870.087 0.990.99MessanaMessana wastewaterwastewater 208.33208.33 0.0110.011 0.990.99

Langmuir Adsorption Constants for ESM and Activated Alumina ESM Activated alumina

0

5

10

15

20

25

0 5 10 15

Ce (mg/L)

q e (m

g/g)

ESM-AlActivated alumina

qqmaxmax (mg/g)(mg/g) K (L/mg)K (L/mg) RR22

0.230.23 18.4618.46 0.980.98-- -- --

38.0238.02 0.0190.019 0.970.97

Conditions:Conditions:Initial Initial conc.=F/SOconc.=F/SO44 /Cl/HCO/Cl/HCO22--

33 ==15/300/100/200 mg/L15/300/100/200 mg/L

CC00 =20.5 mg/L=20.5 mg/LCo=61.9mg/L

Joint PCT application NEERI-ALCOA

R&D Activities Related to HydrogenR&D Activities Related to Hydrogen

Appl. Catal. A, (2006)303,2,152-157.Catalysis Today (2007)Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells, 91, (2007) 180-190Int. J. Hydrogen Energy (2007)

Hydrogen from water(MITSUI sponsored project)

H2 generation to the tune of 2730 µmol/h/g

1 6 3 8

2 7 3 0

2 1 3 9

1 5 4 2

1 7 7 1

1 3 1

0

5 0 0

1 0 0 0

1 5 0 0

2 0 0 0

2 5 0 0

3 0 0 0

P 1 P 2 P 3 P 4 P 5 P 6T y p e o f p h o t o c a t a l y s t

H2

evol

ved

(um

ol/h

r/g T

iO 2)

Catalysis Lett., 105 (2005) 83-87J. Phy. Chem. B, 110 (7) (2005) 3689-96Int. J. Hydrogen Energy (2007)Chem. Eng. Sci. (2007)Patent Filed : 1Collaborative work with CRC Hokkaido

University, Japan

Transportation

(as LOH)

Near Ambient Conditions

Hydrogen Production at Centralized Facility

+ 3H2

Catalyst200OC

Hydrogen Supply to Fuel Cell Vehicles

+ 3H2Catalyst

300OC

Recycle of Aromatics

At Fueling Station

Aromatics as Solvent to Industries

Transportation

(as LOH)

Near Ambient Conditions

Hydrogen Production at Centralized Facility

+ 3H2

Catalyst200OC+ 3H2

Catalyst200OC

Hydrogen Supply to Fuel Cell Vehicles

+ 3H2Catalyst

300OC+ 3H2

Catalyst

300OC

Catalyst

300OC

Recycle of Aromatics

At Fueling Station

Aromatics as Solvent to Industries

H2 storage and supply through LOH(MNRE sponsored project)

High Capacity for Storage6-8 wt % and 62 kg/m3

Catalytic Materials for Diesel Exhaust Catalytic Materials for Diesel Exhaust Emission Control Emission Control

Particulate matter (PM) with SOF are the major diesel exhaust emissionsDiesel Particulate Filter (DPF) is the most potential option

“Catalytic DPF regeneration is essential to make DPF feasible”

Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF)

Soot oxidation catalyst- Challenges:* Low temperature soot oxidation* Chemical and thermal stability* Cost

DPF Limitations:* PM oxidation temperature : 550-6500C* Diesel exhaust temperature : 200-4000C* Energy requirement for regeneration

Potential users Potential entrepreneurs* Automobile industry * Catalyst manufacturers* Gen Set industry * DPF manufacturer

Topics in Catalysis, 2007; Studies in Surface Sci. & Catal., 2006Current Sci., 2006; SAE 2007; Catal. Surveys Asia, 2006; J. Colloid Surf. Sci. 2006

TPR a fter ag in g u n d er 100p pm NO+10% O2/N2(0.1L/m in ) fo r o vern ig h t

an d 100p pm NO+7% H2O+10% O2/N2 fo r 2h (0 .3L/m in ).

TPO = 100p pm NO+7% H2O+10% O2/N2, 0 .3L/m in , CB=5m g , 5K /m in

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650Temperature (C)

Co

nc

en

tr

at

io

n

(p

pm

)

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

se

le

ct

iv

it

y

CO2-loggerCO-loggerCOx-loggerNONO2NOxCO2 sel.-Logger

T10 = 374C

T50 = 428C

T90 = 469C

CO2 se lectiv ity = 0.96

Catalyst Evaluations at AIST Japan

US Patent Filed

Dye sensitization

TiO2

R & D Activities under CSIR Network and R & D Activities under CSIR Network and Rural Development Rural Development ProgrammesProgrammes

Oceanic CO2Sequestration

through iron & zinc fertilization

(in collaboration with NIO, CMACCS, CCMB)

PhotocatalyticWater splitting for Hydrogen generation

Catalytic materials for controlof indoor emissions in rural homes

Role of Judiciary in Imparting Role of Judiciary in Imparting Environmental Justice (Contd.)Environmental Justice (Contd.)

The orders of the Supreme Court and the High Courts cover a wide range of areas including air, water, solid waste, hazardous wastes, forests, mining activities, and architectural treasures.Policy Statements of the government, which otherwise are not enforceable in Courts, have been used as aids by the Judges for interpreting environmental statutes and for spelling out obligations of the Government.

Doctrines Evolved by Courts:Doctrines Evolved by Courts:M.C.Mehta v. Kamal Nath, (1996) 1 SCC 38: In a case where an attempt was made to divert flow of a river for augmenting facilities at a motel, it was held that State and its instrumentalities as trustees have a duty to protect and preserve natural resources.MI Builders Pvt. Ltd. v. Radhey ShyamSahu, AIR 1996 SC 2468: a city development authority was asked to dismantle an underground market built beneath a garden of historical importance.

Doctrines Evolved by Courts:Doctrines Evolved by Courts:

Vellore Citizens Welfare Forum v. UOI, AIR 1996 SC 2718: The principle was adopted to check pollution of underground water caused by tanneries in Tamil Nadu.Narmada Bachao Andolan v. UOI, AIR 2000 SC 375: The Supreme Court held that the precautionary principle could not be applied to the decision for building a dam whose gains and losses were predictable and certain.

Assessment of Ground Water Quality Around Assessment of Ground Water Quality Around Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Site, Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Site,

Sponsored by CPCB, New DelhiSponsored by CPCB, New Delhi

Objectives

Assessment of ground water contamination due to landfill activity

Delineation of measures for controlling ground water pollution

Salient Findings of Post Monsoon Data

Chloride and TDS concentration exceeded the threshold limit in a few cases at Bhalswa dumping ground

Coliforms were present in a few samples of Bhalswa

Bhalswa Landfill Site

Gajipur Landfill Site

Doctrines Evolved by Doctrines Evolved by Courts:Courts:

The object of this principle is to make the polluter liable for the compensation to the victims as also for the cost of restoring of environmental degradation.Vellore Citizens Welfare Forum v. UOI, AIR 1996 SC 2718: It was held that the precautionary principle and the polluter pays principle are part of environmental law of the country.

Doctrines Evolved by Doctrines Evolved by Courts:Courts:

Absolute Liability Principle:M. C. Mehta v. UOI, AIR 1987 SC 1086 (OleumGas Leak Case): The principle was adopted to compensate victims of pollution caused by inherently dangerous industries.Narmada Bacho Andolan v. UOI, AIR 2000 SC 375: The Supreme Court held that the precautionary principle could not be applied to the decision for building a dam whose gains and losses were predictable and certain.

Doctrines Evolved by Doctrines Evolved by Courts:Courts:

Sustainable Development:M.C. Mehta v. UOI, AIR 1997 SC 734 (Taj Trapezium Case): while taking note of the disastrous effects that the emissions from the Mathura Oil Refinery had on the Taj Mahal, the Supreme Court applied the principle of sustainable development to the case, and apart from passing various directions, stepped in to execute and supervise the resultant actions. State of Himachal Pradesh v. Ganesh Wood Products, AIR 1996 SC 149, the Supreme Court invalidated forest based industry, recognizing the principle of inter-generational equity and sustainable development.

NEERINEERI’’ss Mission Mission contdcontd……

NEERI would continue to strive for NEERI would continue to strive for Dedicating itself in the service of mankind by Dedicating itself in the service of mankind by providing innovative and effective solutions to providing innovative and effective solutions to environmental and natural resource problems environmental and natural resource problems Leadership in environmental science, technology and Leadership in environmental science, technology and management domestically and globally by working management domestically and globally by working hand in hand with its partnershand in hand with its partnersStrong and effective working relationship with all its Strong and effective working relationship with all its stakeholders in ensuring ecological health of all stakeholders in ensuring ecological health of all regions in Indiaregions in IndiaStrive to enable individuals and organizations to Strive to enable individuals and organizations to achieve productive and sustainable use of natural achieve productive and sustainable use of natural resources on which all life and human activity dependresources on which all life and human activity depend

Atmospheric Brown Clouds Atmospheric Brown Clouds -- WorkshopWorkshop

Invitation to NEERI to participate in water study group of UNEP

Participation of 25 Experts from CSIR Labs, academic Institutionsand regulatory authorities of India

Current water scenario of India and assessment of impacts of Atmospheric Brown Clouds (ABC)

Formulation of methodologies for assessment of ABC impacts

Environmental Impact Assessment Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)(EIA)

There are two types of EIA models- the

statutory model which makes the assessment

of impact compulsory under an enacted law, or

a delegated legislation, and the administrative

model under which an administration exercises

its discretion to find out whether an impact

study is necessary. Till 1992, India was

following the administrative model of EIA.

Environmental Impact Assessment Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) (EIA) (contd.)(contd.)

On 27th January, 1994 a notification was issued dealing with

mandatory EIA. The notification requires project proponent

to submit an EIA report, and environment management plan,

details of the public hearing and a project report to the

impact assessment agency for clearance, further review by a

committee of experts in certain cases. By the amendment in

the year 1997, public hearing was made compulsory before

impact assessment was finalized. EIA Notification dated 14th

September, 2006 includes categories of projects which were not

in EIA Notification, 1994.