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Final Draft Report

Environmental Impact Assessment for Proposed Installation of Surat Lignite Power Project (SLPP) Station III , 2×300 MW

Lignite based Thermal Power Project at Village Nani Naroli, Tahsil Mangrol, District Surat, Gujarat

Sponsor

Gujarat Industries Power Company Ltd.

National Environmental Engineering Research Institute Nehru Marg, Nagpur 440020 (India)

January 2013

Foreword

Due to increasing demand of electricity in Gujarat region and to fulfill the deficit of power generation, Gujarat Industries Power Company Limited (GIPCL) proposes to install 2x300 MW Lignite Based Power Plant at Village Nani-Naroli, Taluka Mangrol, Dist. Surat, Gujarat.

With a view to assess the potential environmental impacts due to 2x300 MW power generation, GIPCL retained National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), to undertake Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study as a pre-requisite for preparation of pragmatic Environmental Management Plan (EMP).

The baseline data collected for air, noise, water, land and biological components of environment alongwith existing socio-economic status in the project area during winter season, 2011-2012 have formed the basis for identification, prediction and evaluation of impacts as well as preparation of Environmental Impact Statement and delineation of Environmental Management Plan to mitigate the potential adverse impacts.

Sections on the Risk Assessment for proposed 2x300 MW units alongwith Disaster Management Plan have also been included in this report.

The cooperation and assistance rendered by the management of GIPCL in preparation of this report are gratefully acknowledged.

(S.R. Wate)

Nagpur

January 2013

Project Personnel

Scientific Staff Mr. Baseshankar, Y Mr. Patil, M. P. Dr. Bodhe, G. L. Dr. Rama Krishna, T.V.B.P.S Mr. Deshbhratar, P.B. Mr. Ritesh Vijay Mr. Deshpande, Sameer Dr. Raman, N.S. Mr. Deshmukh, Rahul Mr. Salve, P.R. Mr. Ghuge, S.P. Mr. Sen, M.K. Mr. Samudrala, H.R. Dr. Singh, H.V. Dr. Krupadam, R.J. Dr. Srivastava, Anjali Dr. Pujari, Paras Dr. Shastry, S. Ms. Padma Rao Dr. Vaiday A. N.

Project Staff

Ms. Akre, S. Ms. Lakde, P. Ms. Adiba Khan Ms. Lohakare, H. Ms. Bhanare, P. Ms. Mahadik, P. Ms. Deole, A. Ms. Nagrale, Vidya Mr. Gaikwad, G. Ms. Nagrale, Vaishali Mr. Guddhe, S. Ms. Patil, V. Ms. Giri, D. Ms. Shegokar, V. Mr. Krishna Mohan Ms. Shinde, P. Ms. Ladwani Krishna, Ms. Surkar, P. Ms. Ladwani Kiran Ms. Warudkar, S.

Technical Assistance Mr. Dhawale, A.H. Mr. Francis, C.W.

Project Leader

Dr. D.S. Ramteke Mr. S. Pentu Saheb

Project Co-ordinator Dr. S.R. Wate

Director

Environmental Impact Assessment Report

For Proposed Installation of

Surat Lignite Power Project (SLPP) Station – III, 2x300 MW CFBC Technology Based Lignite Thermal Power Project

of Gujarat Industries Power Company Ltd.

at

Village Nani-Naroli, Ta. Mangrol, Dist. Surat, Gujarat

National Environmental Engineering Research Institute Nehru Marg, Nagpur 440020 (India)

January 2013

TITLE : Proposed Installation of Surat Lignite Power Project (SLPP) Station III, 2x300 MW Lignite Based Thermal Power Project at Village Karagara, Ta. – Mangrol, Dist. Surat, (Gujarat)

TITLE : Proposed Installation of Surat Lignite Power Project (SLPP) Station III, 2x300 MW Lignite Based Thermal Power Project at Village Karagara, Ta. – Mangrol, Dist. Surat, (Gujarat)

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that M/s. National Environmental Engineering Research Institute has

carried out Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the “Proposed Installation of Surat lignite Power Project (SLPP) Station – III, 2x300 MW CFBC technology Based Lignite Thermal

Power Project ” at Village Karagara, Taluka – Mangrol, Dist. Surat, Guajrat.

The primary base‐line data was collected by NEERI over a period of 3 months, during

December, 2011‐2012 during winter season around the study area (10 km) supported by the

secondary data collected from the govt. Agencies, e.g. forest department, census office and

meteorological department were used for the prediction of impacts for air, noise, water,

land, biology/ecology and socio‐economics environments. It was observed that the project

does not have any major negative impacts to the environment.

M/s. National Environmental Engineering Research Institute is a constituent

laboratory of Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), New Delhi working in the

field of environmental science and technology. The Institute is accredited under “EIA

Consultant Organizations Accreditation Scheme” of Quality Council of India vide letter dated

April 18, 2011 for sector 4 (Sr. No. 4) Thermal Power Plant (Category A). The Institute has ISO

9001‐2010 accreditation and also applied for Accreditation of Environmental Testing

Laboratory from NABL. The Institute is a reference centre of WHO, IWA and recognized as a

National Laboratory by Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF, New Delhi).

REGD.OFFICE:

National Environmental Engineering Research Institute

Nehru Marg, Nagpur 440020 (India) Ph.: 0712-2249879 ; Fax: 0712-2249896 E-mail: [email protected]

Contents Details Page No.

List of Plates (x) List of Figures (xi) List of Tables (xiii) List of Annexures (xvii) Executive Summary i-xviii

1.0 Introduction 1.1-1.12

1.1 Preamble 1.1 1.2 Objectives of Study 1.1 1.3 Approved Terms of Reference (ToR) for EIRA Study 1.1 1.4 Methodology for EIA 1.7

1.4.1 Air Environment 1.7 1.4.2 Noise and Vibration Environment 1.8 1.4.3 Water Environment 1.9 1.4.4 Land Environment 1.9 1.4.5 Biological Environment 1.9 1.4.6 Socio-economic Environment 1.10

1.5 Rapid Risk Assessment 1.10

Figures 1.1-1.2 1.11-1.12 2.0 Project Description 2.1-2.38

2.1 Introduction 2.1 2.2 Justification of the Project 2.3

2.2.1 Installed and Planned Generation Capacity in the State of Gujarat

2.3

2.2.2 Demand for Electrical Power 2.3 2.2.3 Installed Generating Capacity 2.3 2.2.4 Need of the Project 2.3

2.3 Power Plant Configuration 2.3

2.3.1 Site Selection Studies for Proposed Plant 2.3

2.3.1.1 Comparative Evaluation of the Various Sites 2.4 2.3.1.2 Recommendation 2.6

2.3.2 Site Features and Fuel Linkage 2.6

2.3.2.1 Location of Site 2.6 2.3.2.2 Basic Station Requirements 2.7 2.3.2.3 Description of Site – Location 2.7

2.3.3 Project Approval & Clearances 2.7

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Details Page No. 2.4 Plant Infrastructure & Basic Requirements 2.8

2.4.1 Introduction 2.8 2.4.2 Land 2.8 2.4.3 Water Requirement and Availability 2.10 2.4.4 Fuel – Requirement, Availability and Transportation 2.11 2.4.5 Power Evacuation 2.13 2.4.6 Ash Handling System 2.13 2.4.7 Infrastructural Facilities 2.14

2.5 Technical Features and Engineering Aspects (Equipment and Systems)

2.15

2.5.1 Introduction 2.15 2.5.2 Commercial Utilization of Fly Ash 2.15

2.6 Environmental Aspects 2.17

2.6.1 Introduction 2.17 2.6.2 Environmental Aspects 2.18 2.6.3 Environmental Impact Study 2.19 2.6.4 Cost Estimate 2.19

2.6.6.1 Basis of Cost Estimates 2.19 2.6.6.2 Capital Cost Estimate 2.20 2.6.6.3 Phasing of Expenditure 2.20

Figures 2.1-2.4 2.21-2.24 Tables 2.1-2.13 2.25-2.38 3.0 Description of the Environment 3.1-3.127

3.1 Air Environment 3.1

3.1.1 Design of Network for Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations

3.1

3.1.2 Reconnaissance 3.2 3.1.3 Methodology for Ambient Air Quality Monitoring 3.2 3.1.4 Micro-meteorology of the Area 3.3 3.1.5 Baseline Status 3.3

3.1.5.1 Particular Matter 3.4 3.1.5.2 Gaseous Pollutants 3.4 3.1.5.3 Particulate Associated Toxic Pollutants 3.5

Figures 3.1.1-3.1.2 3.8-3.9 Tables 3.1.1-3.1.5 3.10-3.14

3.2 Noise Environment 3.15

3.2.1 Methodology and Baseline Environmental Status 3.15 3.2.2 Reconnaissance 3.15 3.2.3 Identification and Characterization of Noise Sources 3.15

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Details Page No. 3.2.4 Measurement of Baseline Noise Levels in the Study

Area 3.16

Figures 3.2.1 3.17 Tables 3.2.1-3.2.3 3.18-3.19

3.3 Water Environment 3.20

3.3.1 Water Quality Survey 3.20 3.3.2 Baseline Water Quality 3.21

3.3.2.1 Physico-chemical Characteristics 3.21 3.3.2.2 Bacteriological Characteristics 3.22 3.3.2.3 Biological Characteristics 3.22

Figure 3.3.1 3.25 Tables 3.3.1-3.3.10 3.26-3.34

3.4 Land Environment 3.35

3.4.1 Reconnaissance 3.35 3.4.2 Climate and Rainfall 3.35 3.4.3 Soil Type 3.36 3.4.4 Baseline Status 3.36

3.4.4.1 Landuse Pattern 3.36 3.4.4.2 Cropping Pattern 3.36 3.4.4.3 Soil Characteristics 3.36 3.4.4.4 Physical Properties in Soil 3.37 3.4.4.5 Chemical Properties of Soil 3.37 3.4.4.6 Nutrient Status of Soil 3.38 3.4.4.7 Heavy Metal Content in Soil 3.39 3.4.4.8 Soil Microbiology 3.39

3.4.4 Remote Sensing Studies 3.39

Plates 3.4.1-3.4.6 3.44-3.48 Figures 3.4.1-3.4.5 3.49-3.51 Tables 3.4.1-3.4.13 3.52-3.60

3.5 Biological Environment 3.61

3.5.1 Introduction 3.61 3.5.2 Study Area 3.61 3.5.3 Ecological Status 3.62 3.5.4 Survey Methodology 3.62 3.5.5 Floristic Diversity of the Study Area 3.63 3.5.6 Floristic Structure and Composition the Study Area 3.63 3.5.7 Medicinal Plants 3.64 3.5.8 Threatened Plant Species 3.65 3.5.9 Social Forestry 3.65

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Details Page No. 3.5.10 Agriculture 3.65

3.5.10.1 Horticulture 3.65

3.5.11 Greenbelt around the Industry 3.66 3.5.12 Faunal Biodiversity 3.66

3.5.12.1 Mammals 3.66 3.5.12.2 Reptiles 3.66 3.5.12.3 Insects 3.66

3.5.13 Avifaunal Investigation 3.67 3.5.14 National Park/Reserve Forest or Wildlife Sanctuary 3.67

Plates 3.5.1-3.5.11 3.68-3.73 Figures 3.5.1-3.5.2 3.74-3.75 Tables 3.5.1-3.5.11 3.76-3.92

3.6 Socio-economic Environment 3.93

3.6.1 Reconnaissance 3.93 3.6.2 Baseline Status 3.93

3.6.2.1 Demographic Structure 3.94 3.6.2.2 Infrastructure Resource Base 3.95 3.6.2.3 Economic Attributes 3.96 3.6.2.4 Health Status 3.97 3.6.2.5 Cultural and Aesthetic Attributes 3.98

3.6.3 Socio-Economic Survey 3.98

3.6.3.1 Awareness and Opinion 3.99

3.6.4 Quality of Life 3.99 3.6.5 Existing CSR Activity 3.102

Plates 3.6.1-3.6.4 3.103-3.104 Figure 3.6.1-3.6.14 3.105-3.112 Tables 3.6.1-3.6.14 3.113-3.127

4.0 Prediction of Impacts 4.1-4.35

4.1 Air Environment 4.2

4.1.1 Point Sources 4.3 4.1.2 Micro-meteorology 4.4 4.1.3 Air Quality Model Description 4.5 4.1.4 Prediction of Impacts 4.7 4.1.5 Combined Impact due to Power Plant 4.8

Figures 4.1.1-4.1.3 4.9-4.11 Tables 4.1.1-4.1.3 4.12-4.14

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Details Page No. 4.2 Noise Environment 4.15

4.2.1 Prediction of Impacts due to GIPCL 4.15 4.2.2 Prediction of Impacts due to Transportation 4.15 4.2.3 Prediction of Impacts on Community 4.16 4.2.4 Prediction of Impact on Occupational Health 4.16

4.3 Water Environment 4.17

4.3.1 Hydrological Status General 4.19 4.3.2 Regional Geohydrological Scenario 4.20 4.3.3 Hydrological Factors of the Study Area 4.21

4.3.3.1 Nature of Formations 4.21 4.3.3.2 Groundwater Condition 4.21

4.3.4 Groundwater Recharge and Potential 4.22

4.3.4.1 Source of Recharge 4.22 4.3.4.2 Recharge Assessment 4.22

Tables 4.3.1-4.3.5 4.26-4.29

4.4 Land Environment 4.30

4.4.1 Landuse 4.30

4.4.1.1 Construction Phase 4.30 4.4.1.2 Operational Phase 4.30

4.4.2 Solid Waste 4.30

4.5 Biological Environment 4.30

4.5.1 Impact Due to Project Activity 4.31 4.5.2 Biotic Pressure 4.31 4.5.3 Other Factors Affecting Vegetation 4.31

4.6 Socio-economic Environment 4.31

Tables 4.6.1-4.6.2 4.34-4.36

5.0 Analysis of Alternatives (Technology and Sites) 5.1-5.2

6.0 Environmental Monitoring Programme 6.1-6.4

6.1 Implementation & Monitoring 6.1 6.2 Air Quality Monitoring 6.2 6.3 Land Environment Monitoring 6.2 6.4 Noise Environment Monitoring 6.3 6.5 House Keeping 6.3 6.6 Staff Requirement for Environment Management 6.3 6.7 Operation and Maintenance of Pollution Control System 6.3 6.8 Monitoring of Pollution 6.4

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Details Page No. 6.9 Environmental Management Apex Review Committee 6.4 6.10 Budgetary Provisions 6.4 6.11 Submission of Monitoring Reports to MoEF 6.4 7.0 Additional Studies 7.1-7.2

7.1 Public Consultation 7.1 7.2 Risk Assessment 7.1 7.3 Social Impact Assessment and R & R Action Plan 7.1

7.3.1 Assessment of Social Impact due to Project 7.2 8.0 Project Benefits 8.1-8.4

8.1 General Benefit 8.1 8.2 Advantage in terms of least Green House Gases (GHGs)

Emissions 8.2

8.3 Environmental Sustainability of the Project 8.2 8.4 Socio-Economic Development of the Region around Ennore 8.2 8.4.1 Socio Economic Benefits 8.3 8.4.2 Other Tangible Benefits 8.3 8.4.3 Corporate Social Responsibility 8.4 9.0 Environmental Cost Benefit Analysis 9.1

10.0 Environmental Management Plan 10.1-10.36

10.1 Construction Phase 10.1 10.2 Operation Phase 10.3

10.2.1 Air Environment 10.3 10.2.2 Noise Environment 10.9

10.2.2.1 Measures for Minimizing Impacts due to Vibrations

10.10

10.2.3 Water Environment 10.11

10.2.3.1 Wastewater Management for Individual Sections

10.12

10.2.3.2 General Recommendations for Wastewater Management

10.14

10.2.3.3 Conservation of Water – Rain Water Harvesting

10.15

10.2.4 Land Environment 10.17

10.2.4.1 Greenbelt Development 10.17 10.2.4.2 Solid Waste Management 10.19 10.2.4.3 Use of Fly Ash 10.19 10.2.4.4 Domestic Solid Wastes from colony 10.20 10.2.4.5 Disposal of Waste Oil / Spent Oil 10.21

10.2.5 Biological Environment 10.23

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Details Page No. 10.2.6 Socio-economic Environment 10.23

10.3 Post-project Environmental Quality Monitoring 10.25

10.3.1 Air Environment 10.25 10.3.2 Noise Environment 10.26

10.3.2.1 Vibrations Monitoring 10.26

10.3.3 Water Environment 10.26

10.4 Environmental Management Cell 10.28 10.5 Budgetary Provisions for EMP 10.28 10.6 CSR Activities Proposed with Budgetary Provision 10.29

Plate 10.1 10.32 Figures 10.1-10.2 10.33-10.34 Tables 10.1-10.4 10.35-10.36

11.0 Summary and Conclusions 11.1-11.5

12.0 Disclosure of Consultants Engaged 12.1-12.16

12.1 NEERI Profile 12.1

12.1.1 NEERI Mission and Vision 12.1 12.1.2 Mandate of NEERI 12.2 12.1.3 NEERI Activities 12.2 12.1.4 NEERI Services & Goods 12.2 12.1.5 NEERI Human Resources 12.3 12.1.6 Organisational Chart of CSIR and NEERI 12.4 12.1.7 Financial Resources of NEERI 12.5 12.1.8 Analytical Instruments, Computer Systems and

Software at NEERI 12.6

12.1.8.1 Analytical Instrumentation Resource 12.6 12.1.8.2 Computer Hardwares & Prepherials 12.7 12.1.8.3 Supporting Software 12.7

12.1.9 Clients of NEERI 12.11

3.6.1 Clients: International 12.11 3.6.2 Clients: Central Government 12.11 3.6.3 Clients: State Government 12.12 3.6.4 Clients : Private Industries (National) 12.12 3.6.5 Clients : Private Industries (Multi-National) 12.13

12.1.10 Studies with International Funding 12.14 12.1.11 US-AEP AWARD TO NEERI 12.15 12.1.12 Conformity to ISO 9001:2008 12.16 12.1.13 Contact Persons 12.16

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Details Page No. 13.0 Risk Assessment Study 13.1-13.28

13.1 Introduction 13.1

13.1.1 Methodology of MCA Analysis 13.2

13.2 Past Accident Data Analysis 13.2 13.3 Hazard Identification 13.3

13.3.1 Fire and Explosion Index (FEI) 13.3

13.4 MCA Analysis 13.4

13.4.1 Fire and Toxic Scenarios 13.5

13.4.1.1 Pool Fire 13.5 13.4.1.2 Toxic Release 13.6

13.4.2 Models for the Calculation of Heat load 13.6 13.4.3 Vulnerability Models 13.6 13.4.4 Failure Frequency 13.7

13.5 Computation of Damage Distances 13.7 13.6 Risk Mitigation Measures 13.9

13.6.1 General Recommendations 13.9 13.6.2 Project Specific Measures 13.10

13.6.2.1 Chlorine Tonners 13.10 13.6.2.2 HFO Storage Tank 13.11

13.6.3 Coal Dust-Occupational Health Hazard 13.12

13.6.3.1 Diseases Caused by Coal Dust Exposure 13.12 13.6.3.2 Progressive Massive Fibrosis (PMF) 13.13 13.6.3.3 Obstructive Lung Diseases 13.13 13.6.3.4 Skin and Eye Injuries 13.14

13.6.4 Heat Stress 13.14 13.6.5 Coal Storage & Handling System Precautions 13.15

13.7 Approach to Disaster Management Plan 13.16

13.7.1 Disaster Management/Emergency Preparedness Plan : On-Site

13.16

13.7.2 Disaster Management/Emergency Preparedness Program : Off-site

13.19

Figures 13.1-13.4 13.21-13.23 Tables 13.1-13.9 13.24-28

14.0 Compliance Report of the Conditions Stipulated in the

Environmental Clearances Accorded for Phase-I and Phase-II 14.1-14.95

Letter to MoEF 14.2 Monitoring Report- Part I 14.4

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Details Page No. Progress report of Surat Lignite Power Plant 14.10 Annexure-I : E.C. Compliance Report of 2X125MW: Station-I. 14.11

Annexure-II : E.C. Compliance Report of 2X125MW: Station-II. 14.14

Annexure- A : Water Balance Diagram 14.17

Annexure- B : Detail of Online Weather Monitoring Station Photographs of Weather Monitoring Station

14.18 14.19-14.20

Annexure- C : Locations of Ambient Air Monitoring Station of 4X125 Power Plant

14.21

Annexure- D : Locations of Noise level Monitoring Station of 4X125 Power Plant

14.22

Annexure- E : Stack Monitoring Locations 14.23

Annexure- F : Water Monitoring Locations 14.24

Annexure- G : Category wise Hazardous Waste detail 14.25

Annexure-H : Form-V: Environmental Statement for the financial year 2011- 2012

14.26

Annexure- I : Characteristics of Hazardous Waste 14.31

Annexure- II : Characteristics of Solid Waste 14.32

Annexure-I : Land Break-up of existing 4X125MW Surat Lignite Power Project

14.33

Annexure- J : Summary of Green Belt Development and Plantation

14.34

Annexure-K : Public Liability Insurance Policy 14.35

Annexure- L : Forest clearance for approaches and Raw Water pipeline.

14.41

Annexure- M : Write-up on Fly ash filling in Vastan Mine. 14.45

Annexure-III : Half-yearly monitoring report of ambient air quality, stack air, weather, water/waste water quality and noise level from 01.01.2012 to 30.06.2012.

14.46

Annexure-IV : Daily stack monitoring report for the month of January 2012 to June 2012.

14.90

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List of Plates

Plates No. Title Page No.

3.4.1 Cotton field observed in study area 3.44

3.4.2 Sugar cane field observed in study area 3.44

3.4.3 FCC of Study Area Buffer Zone (10 Km Radius) 3.45

3.4.4 Land Use Land Cover of Study Area Buffer Zone (10 Km Radius)

3.46

3.4.5 FCC of Study Area Core Zone (05 Km Radius) 3.47

3.4.6 Land Use Land Cover Of Study Area Core Zone (05 Km Radius)

3.48

3.5.1 Dominant Species Prosopis Juliflora Observed in Study Area (Core Zone)

3.68

3.5.2 Aquatic plant Nelumbo spp. observed near Nana Nagma village pond (Buffer Zone)

3.68

3.5.3 A View of Euphorbia caducifolia observed in Study Area (Buffer Zone)

3.69

3.5.4 Plantation Developed around the Existing Plant 3.69

3.5.5 Sugarcane Field Observed in Study Area (Core Zone) 3.70

3.5.6 Cotton field observed near Wasrai village (Buffer Zone) 3.70

3.5.7 Common peafowl (Pavo cristatus) observed near Shah Navapara

3.71

3.5.8 Red wattled lapwing (Vanellus indicus) observed near Asodala village

3.71

3.5.9 Hoopoe (Upupa epops) observed near Charetha village 3.72

3.5.10 Crow pheasant (Centropus sinensis) observed near Asodala village

3.72

3.5.11 Magpie robin (Copsychus saularis) observed in study area

3.73

3.6.1 Eye Camp-Diagnosis & Follow-up Treatment 3.103

3.6.2 Taluka Level Science Mela 3.103

3.6.3 Distribution of SS Dish & Toys to Aanganwadis 3.104

3.6.4 Arrange Womens Seminar in Study Area 3.104

10.1 Green View of Existing Plant 10.32

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List of Figures

Figures No. Title Page No.

1.1 Study Area 1.14

1.2 Layout Map of GIPCL 1.15

2.1 Site Location Map 2.21

2.2 Power Grid Map of India 2.22

2.3 Location Site of the Proposed Power Plant 2.23

2.4 Water Balance Diagram 2.24

3.1.1 Sampling Locations for Ambient Air Quality Monitoring 3.8

3.1.2 Windrose Diagram during Winter Season 3.9

3.2.1 Sampling Locations for Noise Monitoring 3.17

3.3.1 Sampling Locations for Water Monitoring 3.25

3.4.1 Land Use Pattern of Core Zone in Study Area 3.49

3.4.2 Land Use Pattern of Buffer Zone in Study Area 3.49

3.4.3 Soil Sampling Location in Study Area 3.50

3.4.4 Texture Diagram of Study Area for Core Zone 3.51

3.4.5 Texture Diagram of Study Area for Buffer Zone 3.51

3.5.1 Sampling Locations for Biological Environment 3.74

3.5.2 Layout Map of GIPCL Greenbelt 3.75

3.6.1 Socio economic Environment Sampling Locations in Study Area

3.105

3.6.2 Socio Economic Surved Map 3.106

3.6.3 Proportional Male, Female distribution of total Population in the study area in core zone

3.106

3.6.4 Literacy Rate of the Study Area In Core Zone (Source: 2001 Census of District)

3.107

3.6.5 Employment Pattern of working population in Study Area In Core Zone

3.107

3.6.6 Main worker employment Pattern of working population in the study area in core zone

3.108

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Figures No. Title Page No.

3.6.7 Proportional Male, Female distribution of total Population in the study area in buffer zone

3.108

3.6.8 Literacy Rate of the study area in buffer zone (Source: 2001 Census of District)

3.109

3.6.9 Employment Pattern of Working Population In The Study Area In Buffer Zone

3.109

3.6.10 Main worker employment Pattern of working population in the study area in buffer zone

3.110

3.6.11 Primary school in Tadkeshwar village, in the study area 3.110

3.6.12 Primary Health Center in Nani Naroli village, in the study area

3.111

3.6.13 Dissusion with Local Authority in Surali village, Magrol Taluk in Gujarat State

3.111

3.6.14 Dissusion with women group in Mangrol, Magrol Taluk in Gujarat State

3.112

4.1.1 Incremental GLCs of SO2 due to Proposed Units at SLPP-III 4.9

4.1.2 Incremental GLCs of NOx due to Proposed Units at SLPP-III 4.10

4.1.3 Incremental GLCs of SPM due to Proposed units at SLPP-III. 4.11

10.1 Recommended Greenbelt Development within and around Proposed Site

10.33

10.2 Existing SLPP Plant –Green Belt Development 10.34

13.1 Accidental Release of Chemicals : A Scenario 13.21

13.2 Damage Contour for Pool Fire Scenario due to 10 mm Leak at 4 kW/m2 in HFO Storage Tank

13.22

13.3a Shed for Cl, Tonner 13.23

13.3b Water Curtain for Cl2 13.23

13.4 Onsite DMP-Disaster Control/Management System 13.23

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List of Tables

Table No. Title Page No.

2.1 Projected Peak Power Demand and Energy Requirement of Gujarat

2.25

2.2 Installed Generation Capacity in MW for the State of Gujarat for 2006-2007

2.26

2.3 Projected Generation Capacity for the State of Gujarat till 2012 2.28

2.4 Deficit in Installed Capacity and Energy Demand for the State of Gujarat

2.29

2.5 Comparative State of Various Sites 2.30

2.6 Estimated Requirements of Land, Fuel and Water 2.32

2.7 Quality of Lignite 2.33

2.8 Meteorological Data 2.34

2.9 Yearly Ash Utilization 2.34

2.10 Raw Water Analysis 2.35

2.11 Analysis of Fuel Oil 2.35

2.12 Analysis of Ash 2.36

2.13 Estimated Project Cost 2.37

3.1.1 Details of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations (December 2011-2012)

3.10

3.1.2 Techniques Used for Ambient Air Quality Monitoring 3.11

3.1.3 Ambient Air Quality Status within the Study Area (December 2011-2012)

3.12

3.1.4 Levels of Particulate Associated (Pb, Ni, As and BaP) Toxic Pollutants (Winter 2011-2012)

3.13

3.1.5 Levels of Gaseous Pollutants in Ambient Air (Winter 2011-12) 3.14

3.2.1 Noise Level in the Residential Area 3.18

3.2.2 Noise Level in Commercial Area 3.19

3.2.3 Noise Level in Sensitive Zone 3.19

3.3.1 Water Quality – Sampling Locations (Winter 2011) 3.26

3.3.2 Water Quality - Physical Parameters (Winter 2011) 3.27

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3.3.3 Water Quality- Inorganic Parameters (Winter 2011) 3.28

3.3.4 Water Quality - Nutrient and Demand Parameters (Winter 2011) 3.29

3.3.5 Water Quality-Heavy Metals (Winter 2011) 3.30

3.3.6 Water Quality – Bacteriological Parameters (Winter 2011) 3.31

3.3.7 Biological Parameters – Phytoplankton (Winter 2011) 3.32

3.3.8 Phytoplankton Species Observed in Water Sample (Winter 2011)

3.33

3.3.9 Biological Parameters – Zooplankton (Winter 2011) 3.34

3.3.10 Zooplankton Species Identified in Water Samples (Winter 2011) 3.34

3.4.1 Land Use Pattern (in Hectares) 3.52

3.4.2 Name of the Villages Surveyed 3.52

3.4.3 Textural Class of Soil 3.53

3.4.4 Physical Characteristics of Soil 3.53

3.4.5 Chemical Characteristics of Soil Extract 3.54

3.4.6 Cation Exchange Capacity of Soil 3.54

3.4.7 Relationship of CEC with Productivity 3.55

3.4.8 Relationship of CEC with Adsorptivity 3.55

3.4.9 Fertility Status of Soils in Study Area 3.56

3.4.10 Heavy Metals in Soil 3.57

3.4.11 Microbiological Characteristics of Soil 3.58

3.4.12 Land use/Land Cover Classification System 3.59

3.4.13 Inventory of Land use / Land cover (10 Km Radius) 3.60

3.5.1 List of Sampling Locations 3.76

3.5.2 List of Flora recorded from Forest Division 3.77

3.5.3 List of fauna recorded from Forest Department 3.83

3.5.4 List of Medicinal Plants Recorded from working plan of Forest Division

3.85

3.5.5 List of plant species planted by Social Forestry 3.86

(xv)


3.5.6 Cultivated Area Production and Productivity of Surat District (Rabi-season 2010-11)

3.87

3.5.7 Cultivated area production and productivity of Surat district (Kharif season 2010-11)

3.88

3.5.8 Annual Rainfall of Surat district 3.88

3.5.9 Production and productivity of Horticulture Crops 3.89

3.5.10 List of Plant Species found in Green Belt 3.90

3.5.11 List of Avifauna Observed by NEERI Team 3.91

3.6.1 Survey Villages 3.113

3.6.2 Demographic Structure of the Study Area 3.114

3.6.3 Demographic Summary of Study Area 3.116

3.6.4 Infrastructure Resource Base in Study Area 3.117

3.6.5 Employment Pattern in the Study Area 3.119

3.6.6 Vital Statistical Data of Mortality Pattern 3.121

3.6.7 Vital Statistical Data of Morbidity Pattern 3.121

3.6.8 Statistical Health Data - Report: April to Nevember-2011/12 3.122

3.6.9 Education Facility of the surveyed area 3.122

3.6.10 Health Facility of the surveyed area 3.123

3.6.11 Electricity and Sanitation Facility of the surveyed area 3.124

3.6.12 Employment Facility of the surveyed area 3.125

3.6.13 Awareness about Project 3.126

3.6.14 Quality of Life Existing in Sampling Village 3.127

4.1.1 Point Sources and Atmospheric Emissions at SLPP-II (Proposed Scenario 2X 300 MW)

4.12

4.1.2 Micrometeorological Data Used for Air Quality Prediction 4.13

4.1.3 Predicted Concentrations under different scenarios 4.14

4.3.1 Water requirement for the Existing TPS, 2x125 MW (Unit I & II) under Commissioning 2x125 MW (Unit III & IV) and Proposed 2x300 MW Power Project, GIPCL SLPP-Station-II.

4.26

(xvi)


4.3.2 Wastewater Generation for the Existing TPS, 2x125 MW (Unit I & II) under Commissioning 2x125 MW (Unit III & IV) and Proposed 2x300 MW Project Power Project, GIPCL SLPP-Station-II.

4.27

4.3.3 Wastewater Reuse and Recycle 4.27

4.3.4 Overall Water Balance 4.28

4.3.5 Wastewater Characteristics (Existing Plant) 4.29

4.6.1 Expected Change in Subjective Quality of Life 4.34

4.6.2 Expected Change in Average Quality of Life 4.35

10.1 Use of Fly Ash in Hydraulic Structures 10.35

10.2 Generation and Utilisation of Flyash (During 1997 – 1998) 10.35

10.3 Utilisation of Fly Ash by Thermal Power Stations in India* 10.36

10.4 Utilisation of Fly Ash Under Different Categories 10.36

13.1 Degree of Hazards Based on FEI 13.24

13.2 Degree of Hazards Based on Toxicity Index 13.24

13.3 Fire and Explosion Index and Toxicity Index 13.24

13.4 Pasquill – Giffard Atmospheric Stability 13.25

13.5 List of Damages Envisaged at Various Heat Loads 13.25

13.6 Range of Thermal Flux Levels and their Potential Effects 13.26

13.7 Failure Frequencies for Storage Tanks 13.26

13.8 Consequence Analysis for Pool Fire Scenario 13.27

13.9 Consequence Analysis for Toxic Release Scenario 13.28

(xvii)

List of Annexures

Annexure No. Title Page No.

I Compliance to the Minutes of ToR I-1 to I-9

II Principle Clearance for drawal of water from river from Narmada Water Resources and Water Supply Department

II-1 to II-2

III Green View of Existing SLPP Plant III-1 to III-14

IV Proposed Planning of Green Belt development and Plantation for SLPP Expansion

IV-1 to IV-2

V QCI-NABET Scheme for Accreditation of EIA Consultant Organizations to NEERI

V-1

i

Executive Summary 1.0 Introduction

The State of Gujarat is poised for rapid industrial development and large-scale use

of electricity for industrial purposes, for which the demand for electrical power is continuously

increasing. The present demand for electrical power is greatly in excess of the generating

capacity. The power generation scenario in the state reveals that the demand for power will

continue to out-strip the available and planned generation capacity.

In view of this, there is a need for addition of power generation capacity in Gujarat to

stabilize the economy and foster the industrial economy and growth, Gujarat Industries Power

Company Limited (GIPCL) has decided to increase generating capacity by adding

2x300 Station-III at village Nani Naroli, Taluka Mangrol, Dist Surat near existing Surat lignite

power plant. The Mangrol-Valia lignite mine covering leased area of 2080 hectares in Mangrol

and Valia taluka of Surat and Bharuch districts respectively is 14-15 km from the proposed

2x300 MW, Station-III with a reserve of 199 million tonnes will be used as a fuel source for the

proposed project. The requirement of lignite has been estimated to be 3.75 MTPA.

The proposed plant site is adjacent to the existing power plant. The latitude

and longitude of the site is A point : 21O24’31.903”N and 73O06’43.754”E, B point :

21O24’14.550”N and 73O07’19.025”E, C point : 21O24’08.653”N and 73O07’16.302”E, D point :

21O24’12.439”N and 73O06’37.834”E respectively.

The site is accessible by road from Mumbai-Ahmedabad National highway through

state highway from Kim and Kosama. The site is located at a distance of 30 km from

Kosamba. Nearest railway station is Kosamba and Surat which are at a distance of 30 km and

50 km respectively from the project site. Nearest Airport is Surat which is at a distance of 70

km from the project site.

Various possible power plant site locations (six) have been evaluated considering

various aspects like:

• Lignite transportation

• Site approach,

• Land terrain

• Land strata / type of soil,

• Natural and other building/structural obstructions

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ii

• Presence of human habitation near the proposed plant site

• Power evacuation /access for the power lines

• Distance from Tapi river which is the source of water for the proposed

Station -III.

Following site locations were studied for locating the proposed Station -III:

Site - A At village Nani Naroli North – East Side of the existing power plant along the Tadkeswar – Mosali State highway.

Site - B North side of the Mosali – Jankavav State highway between Mosali Chokdi and Gadkach Village.

Site ALT-B Village : Kargara/Khareda -4 Km inside from state Highway Mosali-Jhankhvav

Site – C East size of Bhaga and Rajgadh village (Eastern side of mines block D) on “Valia – Desad – Sodgam – Wadi State highway”.

Site –D North end of the mining lease area in Vagad-Khol village before the State Reserve police camp on the Ankleshwar-Valia-Netrang State Highway

Site –E North end of the mining lease area in Vagad-Khol village near State Reserve police camp on the Ankleshwar-Valia-Netrang State highway.

Based on the criteria for selection of site and feasibility of the site location, site A

was selected for the proposed plant.

The advantage of this site is that, this site is adjacent to the existing plant and on

available land. The land terrain is plain with farse vegetation. It is away from the dense habitat

area.

Land for the proposed power plant is already available with GIPCL. The total land

required for the power plant area is estimated to be around 150 ha, for installation of two units

of capacity 300 MW each including space for raw water reservoir, cooling towers, Lignite and

lime stone handling system with 10 days coal stockpile, Fuel Oil unloading and storage facility,

400 kV switchyard have been considered etc.

The ash generated from the proposed units will be 100 % utilized in dry form by way

of supply of ash to ash based products manufactures. However, in case any excess quantity

left out, the same would be disposed after mixing with over burden into captive lignite mines

for voids filling. Hence, no additional area for ash disposal is required.

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iii

The source of raw water is river Tapi which has perennial flow throughout the year.

The total raw water requirement for the proposed power plant units is 50016 m3/d (11 MGD).

In Principle Clearance for drawal of water from river Tapi is already available and

proposed to install additional pumps in existing intake well for drawal of water at the village

Patna. Studies for drawal of water from river Tapi and proposed routing of raw water pipelines

to the proposed power plant area is under process. Thus adequate and reliable quantity of

water is available for the proposed power plant.

2.0 Baseline Environmental Status and Assessment of Impacts

2.1 Air Environment PM2.5, PM10, SO2 & NOx were monitored on 24 hourly basis including grab samples

of HCs, VOCs and CO2. In all 14 ambient air quality monitoring stations were selected within

the study area during winter season (2011-2012).

The ambient air quality status observed during winter seasons in core zone area

(5 Km radius) and buffer zone area (10 km radius). The average concentrations of PM10 at

each site varied from 52-71μg/m3.

The average PM2.5 concentrations were observed to be in the range of 27-37 μg/m3.

The average concentrations of SO2 at all stations were in the range of 17-28 μg/m3

and the average concentrations of NOx were in the range of 8-25 μg/m3. The concentration

levels of PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NOx are well below the stipulated standard of CPCB.

For estimating the atmospheric emissions from the proposed expansion for each

2x300 MW unit, the given lignite consumption rate of 3.75 million tonnes/annum is considered

alongwith the coal characteristics like the ash content of 10% (wt.) and sulphur content 1.2 %.

The predicted maximum concentrations are 2.6 μg/m3, 3.6 μg/m3 and 11.8 μg/m3

respectively for SO2, NOx and PM10 respectively at a distance of 4.9 Km in NW direction for

SO2 and NOx and at 0.5 Km in W direction for SPM. The maximum GCLs occurring at larger

distance due to proposed stacks because of higher stack height of 275 m of proposed unit.

The ground level impact of all pollutants exclusively from proposed power project

would be very insignificant (SO2 and NOx < 4 μg/m3 and PM10 < 12 μg/m3). The cumulative

impact (including the existing and under construction units of SLPP) would also be very less

during winter season at the given emissions rates. The post project air quality status, i.e. after

implementation of proposed Units (2x300 MW) power project, would be well within the

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iv

prescribed NAAQS for residential, rural and mix areas, while the SPM levels may remain

exceeding the standards, as indicated by the baseline status itself, mainly due to local natural

sources. However, the impact (contribution) from the proposed stack emissions would be

negligible.

2.2 Noise Environment The noise levels in the residential zone have been monitored. The Noise levels

ranged between 41-69 dBA during day time and 38-56 dBA during night time in core and

buffer zone. At the commercial zone the noise level ranged between 70.7-73.0 dBA during

day time and 59.6-64.0 dBA at night time. The noise levels for sensitive area varied from

52.0-62.9 dBA during day time and 46.0-54.2 dBA during night time.

Increase in traffic due to proposed power plant will be 135 heavy vehicular trips,

163 medium and 245 light. Cumulative noise level due to traffic will be around 78 dBA, 2 dBA

more than the existing level and will not have significant impact on the villages located

surrounding the proposed plant.

2.3 Water Environment The baseline water quality (physico-chemical and biological) of the region was

monitored by identifying 11 sampling locations. Samples collected include various sources viz.

2 from surface waters, 8 from Hand Pumps, 1 from bore well from the study area.

The physico-chemical characteristics of Canal water showed pH: 7.7-8.1, TDS: 242-

246 mg/l and TSS : 2-14 mg/l. Alkalinity was found to be 152-164 mg/l. The nutrient load in

the form of nitrate was observed 3.55-5.13 mg/l and phosphate in the range of 0.42-0.73 mg/l.

The organic load in terms of COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) was found to be

6.2-8.0 mg/l. Heavy metals were found within the permissible limits of drinking water.

The physico-chemical characteristics of groundwater indicate pH in the range

of 7.0-8.1; turbidity <1-3 NTU, TDS: 495-1200 mg/l. Total suspended solids (TSS)

concentration was in the range of 1-2 mg/l. The inorganic parameters viz. alkalinity was in the

range of 92-346 mg/l; total hardness 292-498 mg/l; chlorides 58-350 mg/l; sulphates

31-212 mg/l.

Demand Parameter COD was in the range of <3 mg/l. Nitrates and phosphates were

9.42-39.22 mg/l and 0.1-0.75 mg/l respectively. Heavy metals were found to be within the

permissible limits of drinking water.

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v

The total colifoms and faecal coliforms are not found in bore well samples

collected, whereas in canal water samples the total coliforms are found in the range of

45-110 CFU/100 ml.

The phytoplankton count as number of organism per ml of water sample of Surface

water varied between 480-624. Baseillariaphyceae was found to be the dominant group.

Shannon Weaver Diversity (SWD) Index varies between 2.93-3.28 indicating healthy water

body.

The zooplankton count as number of organisms per m3 of water sample varied

between 769-1308. Copepoda the dominant group followed by Cladocera and Echinodermata.

The SWD index varies between 2.44 to 2.14, which indicates moderate productivity.

Water Requirement and Wastewater Generation for Proposed 2x300 MW Unit

The source of raw water is river Tapi, which has perennial flows throughout

the year. The total raw water requirement for the proposed power plant units is 50016 m3/day

(11 MGD). The wastewater generation for the proposed power plant would be 7074 m3/day.

All effluents are proposed to be collected in guard pond for effluent treatment. The collected

water in guard pond would be utilized for plant washing, gardening purposes and fire water

storage. The effluents generated from washing of houses of lignite handling system are

proposed to be collected in lignite run-off pond and will be treated in clarifier.

The generated wastewater from blow down is quite suitable for Bamboo, Jatropha

plantation and green belt development.

2.4 Land Environment Agriculture is the main source of occupation and more than 51 percent land is under

agriculture. Main Kharif crops are cotton, jowar, maize tur and mug. The small area is covered

with vegetables. The majority of the agricultural field is clay in texture. The 10 km radius area

is divided into two parts 1) core area, 2) within 10 km radius area.

Agriculture is a major activities in the core area from the proposed site and it is found

that more than 78 percent land come under unirrigated agricultural land. The irrigated

agricultural land cover only 10 percent crops. About 7 percent land is covered with culturable

waste land including gaucher and groves and 5.88 percent land is beloged to area not

available for cultivation.

Total seven composite soil samples were collected from the study area within

10 km radial distance including core area and within 10 km radial distance along with one

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vi

composite soil samples from the GIPCL green belt site respectively.

The texture of the soil is clay. Clay content in the soil of the study area varies from

44.2-54.60 %.

The bulk density of the soil in the study area is in the range of 1.22 to 1.38 g/cm3

whereas the porosity and water holding capacity are in the range of 50.22-59.78 % and 52.71-

61.38 % respectively. The pH of the soil in the study area is neutral to slightly alkaline in

reaction having pH in the range of 7.8 to 8.3. The EC for the soil samples are in the range of

0.23 to 1.17 dS/m. The chemical analysis shows that the soils are normal.

The most important cations present in soluble state in the soil are calcium and

magnesium. It was observed that calcium and magnesium are in the range of 0.44 to

0.827 meq/l and 0.12 to 0.24 meq/l respectively. Sodium and potassium in the soils are varies

from 0.31 to 0.98 meq/l and 0.01 to 0.3 meq/l respectively.

In general, the soil in the region has very high adsorption capacity as evident from

the cation exchange capacity which was found to be in the range of 33.49-41.06 cmol (P+)

Kg-1 soil. Amongst the different exchangeable cations, calcium is prominent followed by

magnesium. The concentrations of calcium and magnesium vary from 18.62-23.64 cmol(P+)

kg-1 and 10.52-13.06 cmol(P+) kg-1 of soil respectively. Sodium and potassium are in the range

of 1.40-1.61 cmol(P+) kg-1 and 1.62-1.81 cmol(P+) kg-1 of soil respectively.

Exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) was found to vary from 3.8 to 4.3. ESP

between 4-10 can be considered as satisfactory. Soils from all the villages are normal with

respect to alkalinity as exchangeable sodium percentage of soil is below 15. The soils of all

the villages have very high adsorptive capacity and also have high productivity.

Organic matter present in the soil influences the soils physical and chemical

properties. Organic matter commonly accounts as one third or more of the cation exchange

capacity of surface soils. It is also responsible for stability of soil aggregates.

Organic carbon and available nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium are found

to be in the range of 0.27-0.60 % and 122.9-341.2, 0.179-6.182 and 43.41-101.50 kg/ha

respectively. Soil samples are poor to medium level content in organic carbon. Data indicates

that soil are poor to medium fertile.

Lignite based power plants use huge quantities of lignite which result in ash

production. Thus the ash handling system plays an important role in environmental

management.

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vii

The estimated bed ash generation quantity for 2x300 MW units based on an ash

content of 20 % in the worst lignite would be about 2x70 TPH (Including Gypsum & unreacted

CaO).

Both bed ash and fly ash will be collected in ash silos through dense phase

pneumatic system to facilitate dry ash collection. Bed ash & Fly Ash would be disposed off in

dry form for utilization.

2.5 Biological Environment The study area is covered with natural vegetation. However no forest land comes

under study area. The Umarpara Forest is 50 km away from the study area. Agricultural

activities are also undertaken in the nearby villages. Prosopis juliflora (Jangali Babul) is

observed to be dominant in the study area

The nature of vegetation cover in core and buffer is mixed. Most of the human

population is dependent on agriculture for their livelihood. The grazing on uninhabited

wasteland by livestock is a common practice because of more number of cattle and openly

available land for grazing. Few medicinal plants were recorded, amongst which Azadirachta

indica, Cassia fistula, Ficus benghalensis are common one. In and around the villages, the

other trees observed are Azadirachta indica (Neem), Cassia fistula (Bahava), Casuarina

equisetifolia (Suru), Eucalyptus sp. (Nilgiri), Ficus benghalensis (Bad), Ficus religiosa (Pipal),

Mangifera indica (Aam), Phoenix sylvestris (Khajur), Ricinus communis (Castor), Tamarindus

indica (Imli), etc. were observed.

A total of 11 sites in core and buffer zone were visited by NEERI team during the

month of January 2012.

A total of 36 birds were observed in the study area during the visit. Most dominant

varieties of birds were observed to be house crow and Indian myna in majority of the sampling

sites. About 66 species of common birds were found to be available in the study area as

recorded by the Forest Department Office.

The core zone area do not support any habitat for any group of wild animal except

few animals such as squirrel, lizards and bird species those well adapted to urban areas. They

live in the agricultural field, open scrub land. Other wildlife fauna commonly available in the

study area.

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viii

2.6 Socio-economic Environment Most of the villages have basic infrastructural facilities like drinking water supply,

medical, power supply, P & T and communication. Electricity for lighting is available on

24 hrs basis in all the villages under Jyoti Gram Yojana Scheme of Government of Gujarat.

The salient observations recorded during survey in the study area are:

• Agriculture is the main occupation. The main crop is sugarcane the surveyed

area while few respondents are having job in private sector or either

government sector.

• Education facilities are available up to primary school. For middle , secondary

and higher studies people avail the facility from the nearest block and district

• Mainly wood is used as fuel since availability of Kerosene and LPG in the

villages

• Most of the area are having electricity facility both for agricultural and domestic

purpose

• Literacy level among the respondents is good. This is mainly because of better

educational facilities

• Communication and transportation facilities are good in most of the villages.

Maximum villages having bus service facility

• Many respondents expect job opportunities in construction as well as

operational phase

Awareness regarding the proposed project is good in the region but the awareness

regarding the existing GIPCL project is very high. The land is already available with GIPCL for

the proposed Power Project.

The average QoL index value for the study area is leaning satisfactory level due to

employment facilities and also availability of basic needs, viz. food, clothing, and housing.

3.0 Environment Management Plan

3.1 Air Environment The impacts during the construction phase would be of transient nature and prevail

for a shorter duration. However, the control of pollution during construction phase is of

Executive Summary

ix

considerable importance. Following control measures are recommended to mitigate the

probable adverse impacts :

• Sites for construction and workers camp should be clearly demarcated to prevent

occupational hazards. Ensure provision for necessary basic needs and

infrastructure facilities such as water supply, sanitary facilities, housing, domestic

fuel etc.

• Preparation of site will involve excavation and transport of substantial quantities of

earthen material and generation of large quantities of waste material. Site grading

operations will also involve stockpiling of backfill materials. Due care needs to be

taken to avoid water pollution problems during rainy season due to washout of waste

material from dump sites

• Blasting operations, if involved for deeper foundations, these should be conducted

with due care as per prevailing safety regulations

• Where, gases or fumes are likely to be present in trenches/foundations, sufficient

mechanical/artificial ventilation to protect the health and safety of persons working

there, shall be provided. If necessary, the personnel working there shall be provided

with respiratory protective equipment when work in such unhealthy conditions is to

be carried out

• At the site of construction, where petroleum powered equipments are used and

temporary storage of petroleum products (Highly inflammable) is done, these may

cause fire hazard, if safety norms are not strictly followed. Care should, therefore, be

taken to avoid all sources of ignition at such places

• During dry weather conditions, it is necessary to control the dust emissions arising

out of the excavation, leveling, transportation and stockpiling activities by water

sprinkling

• It should be ensured that diesel powered vehicles are properly maintained to

minimize the exhaust emissions as well as noise generation

• Though the effect of noise on the nearby inhabitants due to construction activity will

be negligible, noise prone activities should be restricted to the extent possible during

daytime in order to have minimum noise impact during night time.

• Onsite workers should strictly use noise protection devices like earmuffs. The

construction machinery should be maintained to minimize the noise levels generated

Executive Summary

x

• Accidental spillages of oil from construction equipment and storage sites should be

prevented

• Combustible wastes should be burnt in a controlled manner and other category of

wastes should be disposed off at identified dump site

• Hazardous materials such as petrol, diesel, lubricating oil, compressed gases, paint

and varnishes as also explosives for blasting operations required at the site during

construction phase should be stored properly as per the safety regulations

• Tree plantation (large size species) should be undertaken at the time of preparation

of the site so that they would grow to considerable size by the time of commissioning

of the proposed project

• Construction workers should be provided with domestic fuel so as to prevent cutting

of trees for fire wood

• As soon as construction is over, surplus quantity of excavated soil should be utilized

to fill up low-lying areas, rubbish need be cleared and all unbuilt surfaces be

reinstated

The proposed plant unit would add to the industrial base in the region. In order to

mitigate the adverse environmental impacts due to operation of proposed 2x300 MW power

plant, following measures have been delineated for implementation by GIPCL.

Because of the selection of CFBC technology in the Thermal Power Plant &addition

of limestone in boiler combustor to ensure capture of sulphur more than 90% on bed and

Combustor temperature in the range of 850-860 Deg C, therefore SOx/NOx emission from the

boiler stack will be well within prescribed statutory limits. Further, state-of-the art electrostatic

precipitators with -higher efficiency and hence PM10 emission from the boiler stack will be well

within prescribed statutory limits.

Lignite Handling System

Crushed Lignite (-) 250/300 mm will be transported from lignite stockpile in the mine

area by trucks/dumpers up to the plant lignite handling system through dedicated road and

through closed conveyors. At Plant end, Lignite handling system , lignite will be conveyed

through belt conveyors to the screens in the primary crusher house (PCH). The primary

screen will separate (-) 50 mm size lignite and the oversize will be fed to the double roll

crusher (DRC) downstream of the primary screen and located in the PCH. The DRC will crush

lignite from 250/300 mm to 50 mm size. This lignite along with the undersize (-) 50 mm from

the primary screen will be conveyed to the stockpile through stacker cum reclaimers. The

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xi

reclaimed lignite from the stockpile is fed to the secondary crushers (hammer mill type)

located in the secondary crusher house. The crushed lignite of (-) 10 mm size from the

crushers will be conveyed to the boiler bunkers. The total annual lignite consumption would be

about 3.75 million metric tones.

Lime Stone Handling System

Limestone from Tadkeshwar captive Mines will be transported to limestone

stockyard in planted through tractor dozer, it will be dumped to reclaim hopper. The limestone

hopper conveying through conveyor belt to limestone crusher house and thereafter it will go to

limestone bunker (near ball mill). From limestone bunker it will go to lime stone crushing mills

(ball mills) and stocked in limestone bunker in power plant. Annual limestone consumption

will be 0.38 million MT at full load.

Control Measures Lignite Handling System

Dust emission is mostly of fugitive type and necessitates installation of close

conveyor system along with suitable dust traping/control facility at various transfer points. At

lignite yard, to prevent dust emission due to wind erosion, frequent spraying of water is

recommended. This also prevents spot fires. Dry fog system shall be installed at all transfer

points/junction towers to prevent dust emission in the lignite handling system.

Lignite Transportation system :

Special precaution for Road Transport :

(i) Green belt development along the corridor.

(ii) Covered dumpers/trucks will be used for lignite transportation

(iii) Water sprinkling on the Road

(iv) Use of mobile dust sweeping machine and use of mobile industrial vacuum

cleaner.

Special precaution for Lignite Transport through conveyor :

(i) Closed conveyor Gallery

(ii) dust suppression system and drg fog system

(iii) Spraying of water at lignite storage yard

Coal Crusher and Bunkers

For fine dust control, bag filters have been successfully tried in such operations.

Better efficiency dry collection system shall prove to be long term cost effective because of

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xii

possibility of lignite recovery in the process.

3.2 Noise Environment • Manufacturers and suppliers of major noise generating machines/ equipments

like compressors, turbines, generators should be asked to take required

measures for minimizing the noise levels generated by the machines i.e. using

noise absorbing material for enclosures or using appropriate design/technology

for fabricating/assembling machines

• The operator’s cabins (control rooms) should be properly acoustically insulated

with special doors and observation windows

• The operators working in the high-noise areas, i.e. compressor houses,

blowers, generators, feed pumps, steam generation plant, turbo-generator area

should be strictly instructed to use ear-muffs/ear-plugs

• Plantation of tall as well as short trees will be carried out around the plant area

to protect the outside environment from any noise and dust nuisance

• It is possible to reduce the noise levels by 3-5 dB(A) per 50 m width of the

green belt. The maximum noise level of about 90 dB(A) would be produced in

the power plant. The present noise levels at the site are very low

3.3 Water Environment

Effluent from Water Treatment (WT) Plant

There are no specific Indian standards available. Sulphuric acid and caustic soda

would be used as regenerants in the water treatment plant. The acid and alkali effluents

generated during the regeneration process of the ion exchangers would be drained into an

underground neutralisation pit. The treated effluent would be neutralised by the addition of

either acid or alkali to achieve the required pH of 7. The treated effluent would be led to

the guard pond.

Steam Generator Blowdown

The salient characteristics of the blowdown water from the point of view of pollution

are the pH and temperature of water since suspended solids are negligible. The pH would be

in the range of 9.5 to 10.3 and the temperature of the blowdown water would be about

100°C since it is first flashed in an atmospheric flash tank. The quantity of blowdown from

the 2x300 MW unit would be approximately 10 m3/hr.

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xiii

Cooling Water Blowdown

The blowdown from the cooling tower of CW system would be completely used for

lignite handling system, Ash dust conditioning and gardening/plantation.

• Demineralisation (DM) Plant Effluent

During treatment, acidic and alkaline effluent will be generated periodically. The

effluents need be collected in a neutralizing pit where the acidic and alkaline effluents will be

neutralized with each other. This will be pumped and mixed with other effluents in the Guard

pond after filtration

• Boiler Blowdown

This effluent is recommended to be either reused as plant service water or sent to

Guard pond for mixing with other effluents after adequate treatment.

• Effluent from Oil Handling Areas

The effluent carrying oil spillage etc. should be taken to oil/water separation. The

decanted oil (containing small amount of water) should be taken to a slop oil tank for further

separation. The decanted oil may be stored in a tank for reuse. The supernatant water need

be sent to the Guard pond.

• Lignite Yard Drainage

During monsoon season, the problem of lignite yard drainage becomes critical due

to lignite particles and dust in the yard. To take care of this problem, the entire lignite storage

yard should be provided with separate drains, which will be led to a lignite run-off pond. The

settleable solids will settle in the run-off pond and the water will be treated through clarifier &

clear water will be used for washing purpose.

• Power House and Boiler Area Effluents (Containing Oil)

The power house and boiler area effluents are likely to contain oil/grease in small

quantity. These will be taken to the oil/water separators, slop oil tank and treated in the same

way as the oil handling area effluent.

• Sanitary Waste

Sanitary waste from the plant premises should be treated in a sewage treatment

plant to be provided within the plant boundary area. For this, low cost treatment methods

such as oxidation ponds or aerated lagoon can be adopted since these are easy to operate

Executive Summary

xiv

and maintain. Sock pit and septic tank shall be provided for separate toilet block of plant

premises.

General Recommendations for Wastewater Management

• The measures recommended for ETP should be planned, completed and

commissioned alongwith the commissioning of the 2x300 MW power plant

• Evaluation of the effluent treatment plant for its performance after its commissioning

should be undertaken at regular intervals to keep a check on the treated effluent

quality

• Trained personnel should be engaged for operating the effluent treatment plant

• In-plant control measures should be implemented to minimize the quantities of

wastewater generation

• In addition to the above, to keep control on biological treatment, regular monitoring of

effluent quality is also recommended

• The clarifier unit of the clariflocculator tank should be cleaned regularly inorder to

avoid clogging. Sludge should be removed regularly and sufficient time should be

given for proper settling of solids

• It is recommended that treated effluents from all streams should be stored in a

Guard pond with 5-6 days detention capacity

• Wherever possible, treated effluent should be recycled and reused for plantation in

order to conserve fresh water

• The oily sludges from oil separator should be disposed of at identified location as per

GPCB requirements

• Treated wastewater will be reused for dust suppression or plantation

Conservation of Water – Rain Water Harvesting

• Objectives of rain water harvesting at this project are to reinstate the runoffs and to

supplement ground water recharge. Rain water harvesting structures depend on

topography. Therefore, the following investigations will be carried out

• Demarcation of micro water-shed

• Preparation of drainage map after civil construction

• Draw contour plan at 1.0 m intervals

Executive Summary

xv

• Physiography after construction

• Construction of suitable structure

• Initial investigations have shown the following :

• Slope of the area is 4%

Area indicates conducive geological and hydrological conditions

• The proponent will carry out the following:

• Engage an expert agency for above

• Divert storm water drains to the respective existing drains

• Carry out pilot experiments during the construction phase

• Make a suitable budgetary provision

3.4 Land Environment With a view to attenuate air pollutants, to absorb noise and to uptake of water

pollutants, it is recommended to develop a greenbelt all round the boundary and at several

locations within the power plant premises.

Ash, the main solid waste generated from the Thermal Power Plant, will be 100%

utilized in suitable manner. To avoid the adverse impact on the vegetation as a result of fly

ash and dust deposition and on groundwater due to contamination caused by the leachates,

attempts should be made to maximize the use of fly ash for bricks manufacture and other ash

based product as is being practiced. It is proposed to use 100% fly ash utilization.

Disposal of Waste Oil / Spent Oil

• The waste oil/ spent oil likely to be generated from the proposed power plant units is

required to be carefully handled and stored in an environment friendly manner. Such

oil needs be finally disposed off by way of sale to the processing units registered

with the Ministry of Environment & Forest, Govt. of India for its further processing

and reuse.

• It needs to be seen that the provisions under the Hazardous wastes (Management &

Handling) Rules, 1989 as amended in the year 2000 are implemented by GIPCL.

GIPCL will also have to seek authorization from the Gujarat Pollution Control Board

under the provisions of above rules.

Executive Summary

xvi

3.5 Biological Environment • To protect the water resources, the discharge of liquid wastes into water bodies and

particulate matter into the atmosphere must be controlled at the levels within the

stipulated standards so that the animals and plants are not affected adversely

• Land clearing activities in the areas should be minimized. The removal of native

vegetation has profound effect on natural community structure, physical environment

and animal life. Therefore, rich and diverse vegetation in the study area should be

protected and maintained by adopting adequate measures

• Destruction of natural habitats of animals should be minimized. Nesting, mating and

other behavioral patterns of wildlife should be protected.

3.6 Socio-economic Environment The proposed project is expected to contribute towards upliftment of local people

quality of life & it shall generate inputs for industrial/economic development in the region.

• GIPCL should take adequate steps to get local people into confidence so as to avoid

any misconceptions amongst the local people in future. The following measures are

suggested for minimizing the adverse impacts on socio-economics & parameters &

human interest

• Communication with the local community should be institutionalized & done on

regular basis by the project authorities to provide as opportunity for mutual

discussion

• Project authorities should organize regular environmental awareness programmes to

bring & environmental management measures being undertaken for improving their

quality of life

• For social welfare activities to be undertaken by the project authorities collaboration

may be sought with local administration gram panchayat block development office

etc for better co-ordination

• Based on baseline status of the study area & the likely adverse impacts of the

project, following measures are suggested for desirable achievement of goals from

the project

• To minimize the strain on existing infrastructure, adequate provisions of basic

amenities viz. education health transport etc. should be made considering the

migrating population & the work force in the area

Executive Summary

xvii

• Awareness programmes to help & educate the local people about potential hazards

& the disaster management as well as environmental management plan being

undertaken at project site. This can be done in collaboration with local administration

• As regards aesthetic environment development of social forestry & road side

plantations shall be encouraged through tree plantation derives in the project region

• It is envisaged that upon implementation of community development

programmes/welfare measures as recommended in environmental management

plan would lead to increase in subjective quality of life index. QoL(s), which

ultimately result in increase of cumulative quality of life QoC (C) in the project area

• Co- operative and open working relations should be established and maintained

throughout the life of the project

• Preference shall be given to local people for employment during construction phase

considering their skills and abilities

• Welfare activities such as organizing medical check-up camps and extending

facilities to local population must also be undertaken

• Preventive measures should be taken for controlling the pollution, which may arise

from the project

• Unsanitary conditions causes number of health problems and sanitary facilities are

inadequate in rural area so project authority must arrange different programs for

enhancing cleanliness and reducing unsanitary conditions

• Timely valued different awareness programs must be arranged by the project

proponent based on the common health problems caused in the region that may

help to reduce the lower health status of the region

• Gujarat Industries Power Company Limited (GIPCL) has promoted a trust namely

“Development Efforts For Rural Economy And People” (DEEP) exclusively to

undertake its Corporate Social Responsibility’s (CSR) activities, which is basically

aimed at INFRASTRUCTURE & COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT program in its area

of operation.

• The company through its trust DEEP (Development Efforts For Rural Economy) with

the help of the locals and prepare a financial budget as a corporate social

responsibility for the Upliftment of the local people. However, for this purpose

sectorwise CSR activities like drinking water supply scheme, health, sewages and

Executive Summary

xviii

sanitation, roads, education, agriculture & animal husbandry and village

infrastructure development proposed by company.

General • Adequate provisional should be made by GIPCL to undertake various measures

outlined in EMP such as pollution control, greenbelt development, social welfare

measure etc.

• Post-project environmental quality monitoring should be undertaken on regular basis

by GIPCL. This will help taking-up corrective measures in time, in case of non-

compliance of some of the requirements of SPCB.

4.0 Risk Assessment & Management • Workable Disaster Management Plan (DMP) should be formulated based on the

guidelines described (Manual on Emergency Preparedness for Chemical Hazards -

MoEF, 1992) for the various hazardous scenarios presented in chapter 6 for the

proposed 2x300 MW power plants. Workers/ employees should be made aware of

all such hazards arising within the facility. The plan should be upgraded from the

various mock drills carried out from time to time. Reports of individual mock drill

performed will help a long way in strengthing DMP for the power station

• Fire and toxic gas release are major hazards of the facility, hence fire and toxic gas

release prevention is one of the major areas of responsibility. The power plant

should be equipped with all fire fighting and safety equipments.

• An offsite emergency preparedness plan involving Government Departments like

public health, fire services, police, civil defense and other voluntary organizations

should be prepared to mitigate serious damages to the people, livestock and

property in the area. Offsite emergency preparedness plan should be prepared for a

maximum distance of 1.5 km from the power station. The local population around the

power plant should be made aware of their responsibilities during such an

eventuality

CChhaapptteerr 11

IInnttrroodduuccttiioonn

1.1 Preamble Gujarat Industrial Power Company Limited (GIPCL) has proposed installation of

2x300 MW [2x250 MW +20%] , SLPP Expansion Project , Station III, Lignite based

Thermal Power Project at village : Nani Naroli, Taluka: Mangrol, Dist. Surat near the

existing Surat Lignite Power Plant. GIPCL desires to carry out EIA studies with a view to

obtain environmental clearance from State Pollution Control Board and Ministry of

Environment and Forests (MoEF), New Delhi.

1.2 Objectives of Study Preparation of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report incorporating

baseline environmental quality data for one season, environmental impact statement

based on the identification, prediction and evaluation of cumulative impacts (including

existing units) and Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for proposed SLPP

Expansion Project , Station III: 2x300 MW, lignite based CFBC (Circulating Fluidised Bed

Combustor) Thermal Power Project.

1.3 Approved Terms of Reference (ToR) for EIRA Study Based on the information provided by GIPCL: with regard to the above

mentioned project proposal, the Expert Appraisal Committee for Thermal Power Plant

projects in its meeting held on September 3-4, 2012. Based on the recommendation of

the Expert Appraisal Committee, Ministry of Environment and Forest hereby prescribed

the following ToRs vide letter dt. October 29, 2012 for undertaking detailed EIA study for

1.1

CChhaapptteerr 11 :: IInnttrroodduuccttiioonn

1.2

the proposed expansion by addition of 2x300 MW Surat Lignite Power Project (SLPP),

Station III (Unit 1 & 2) at P.O. Nani Naroli, Taluka Mangrol in District Surat, Gujarat. The

approved ToR is as follows :


1.3


1.4


1.5


1.6


1.7

1.4 Methodology for EIA Any developmental project is expected to cause impacts on surrounding

environment at and around the project site during its construction, commissioning and

operational phases. The nature and magnitude of impacts on different components of the

environment, depend on the type of project activities and geographical conditions of the

study area. The impacts of the project activities on environmental components can be

quantified through Environmental Impact Assessment Studies within the impact zone of

the project activities. The results of the EIA studies form a basis for preparing a viable

Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for mitigating the potential adverse impacts. In

view of this Gujarat Industries Power Company Limited (GIPCL) retained National

Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur to carry out

Environmental Impact Assessment studies for the proposed installation of 2x300 MW

SLPP Station III Unit no. 1 & 2.

This Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for proposed thermal power plant

at Nani-Naroli village, taluka Mangrol, Dist. Surat deals with detailed studies for various

environmental components viz. air, noise, water, land, biological and socio-economic

environment for winter season. The baseline were carried out in two segments i.e. in core

area (5 km radius) and buffer area (10 km radius) for all the environmental components

are per instructions given by appraisal committee during ToR approval.

For Environmental Impact Assessment studies, an area covering 10 km radial

distance from centre of the plant site area was identified as the study area (impact zone).

The study area includes existing thermal power plant of GIPCL, which has also influence

on the environmental components. The EIA study area identified in the present case, is

depicted in Fig. 1.1. The studies carried out for EIA for each individual component during

winter season are briefly reported below and the details are reported in subsequent

chapters. The plant layout of 2x300 MW power plant is shown in Fig. 1.2.

1.4.1 Air Environment

The topographical information of project site as well as of the study area and

details about different activities related to the thermal power plant were collected.

Different air pollution parameters like SPM, RSPM (including PM10 and PM 2.5) ,SO2, NOx,

Hg, Ozone and CO were identified as related to the project activities for representing

'baseline status of ambient air quality within the study area. A temporary field centre cum

laboratory was established at plant site for the purpose of calibration of equipments,

planning of field work and chemical analysis etc.


1.8

Micro-meteorological parameters viz. wind speed, wind direction and ambient

temperature were collected from the nearest Meteorological Station from India

Meteorological Department (IMD), Pune during the study period.

The lignite and furnace oil consumption rates and relevant details were collected

during the study period with a view to estimate the air pollution emission rates from the

existing power plant and also from the proposed project.

1.4.2 Noise and Vibration Environment

Noise often defined as unwanted sound, interferes with speech communication,

cause annoyance, distracts from work, disturbs sleep, thus, deteriorating quality of human

environment. Noise pollution survey has, therefore, been carried out in and around

Thermal Power Station to assess the impact of the TPS activities on the acoustic

environment.

Noise levels were measured (A-weighted) at several locations in the human

settlements around the power station at different times of the day and night by using

Bruel and Kjaer make type 2230 Precision Integrating Sound Level Meter.

Vibration can be classified in several ways. A free vibration occurs without

externally applied forces. This type of vibration occurs after a system has been given an

initial displacement or velocity which can result from an impact. A forced vibration occurs

with the application of externally applied forces. Such vibration can either be periodic,

aperiodic or random. Periodic vibration repeats itself at regular intervals of time, but in a

periodic or random vibrations, there is no such regular repetition. During the motion of

practical systems, energy is dissipated and damping of the motion occurs.

Vibration can also be classified by the number of degrees of freedom of motion.

The number of degrees of freedom corresponds to the number of independent

coordinates which are needed to specify the motion completely. An idealized single

degree of freedom system consists of a mass m, a spring of stiffness L, and viscous

damper of rate C.

Two types of standards have been developed to assess the effect of vibrations

applied to the human body i.e. Vibration to the hand and Vibration to the whole body.

The former can give rise to diseases, in particular white finger. The latter can cause a

variety of health problems ranging from motion sickness to tissue damage.

Vibration level measurements were carried out within the proposed GIPCL

thermal power plant. The system BLASTMATE - III with advance software module from


1.9

M/s Instantel Inc., USA was used for monitoring and analysis of vibrations within the

power plant premises.

1.4.3 Water Environment

Information on water resources in the study area, was collected. The water

resources in the study area are mainly rivers, streams and groundwater. The parameters

of prime importance for water quality studies were selected under physical, chemical

inorganic, chemical organic, nutrient and heavy metal groups. Samples were collected at

different locations including well waters. Aquatic biology parameters were also analysed.

Assessment of the quality of wastewaters from different sources was also carried out.

Based on field data and observations, strategies were formulated for wastewater

management.

1.4.4 Land Environment

Soil samples were collected from the plant site, its immediate vicinity and the

surrounding villages including core zone area and buffer zone area. Physico-chemical

properties of the soils were determined. Information of landuse pattern in the study area

was also collected. Information regarding existing cropping pattern, their types and yield

of the crop was collected from various sources. Schemes for fly ash disposal and its

utilization and also for safe disposal of domestic solid wastes were formulated in EMP.

1.4.5 Biological Environment

Data was collected from various Government Departments such as forest,

agriculture, fisheries, animal husbandry and various other offices to establish the baseline

status of biological environment in core zone area and buffer zone area.

The parameters of prime importance to both biotic and abotic factors have been

selected to estimate the structural and functional changes in the ecosystem.

Information regarding plantation already done around power plant areas and

elsewhere was collected and based on the attenuation factors for dust aerosols and air

pollutants, green belt species were identified and the same are incorporated in the report.

Water samples were also collected during winter season from rivers and

groundwater sources for estimation of biological parameters viz., of zooplankton and

phytoplankton through detailed microscopic examination. Computation of Diversity

Indices was also done for identifying the water quality status. These aspects have been

dealt in water environment component of the report.


1.10

1.4.6 Socio-economic Environment

A field survey was conducted within 10 km radial distance from the plant site

area including core zone area (5 km radius) and buffer zone area and surrounding impact

zone. The parameters selected under socio-economic component were demographic

structure of the study area, provision of basic amenities, industries likely to come up in

the study area, welfare facilities provided by the project proponent, safety, training and

management, community and occupational health hazards. Relevant information was

collected from randomly selected villages in the study area and analysed. Information

was also collected on Quality of Life parameters to establish QoL indices for the randomly

selected villages and also for the study area as a whole.

All the aforesaid environmental parameters have been used for identification,

prediction and evaluation of significant impacts. Modelling of environmental quality has

also been undertaken to predict the impacts of the project and for its subsequent

evaluation step.

1.5 Rapid Risk Assessment Rapid Risk Assessment Study was carried out comprising hazard identification

based on Maximum Credible Accident (MCA) analysis, hazard assessment and

evaluation employing techniques of consequence and vulnerability analysis and

delineation of onsite Disaster Management Plant (DMP) and offsite Emergency

Preparedness Plan (EPP) due to worst case scenarios of proposed developments.


1.11

Fig. 1.1 : Study Area

Ushker Ramkund

Nani Naroli Tadkeshwar

Asodia Panetha Shethi

Dungri

Charetha

Wastan

Borsad

Surali Nogama

Shah

Vasravi

Borigala

Tuked

Mota Miya Mangrol

Luwara

Dharampur

Togapur

5 km 10 km A

B

C

D

N

Jankarda


1.12

Fig.

1.2

: La

yout

Map

of G

IPC

L

2.1

CChhaapptteerr 22

PPrroojjeecctt DDeessccrriippttiioonn

2.1 Introduction The State of Gujarat is poised for rapid industrial development and large-scale

use of electricity for industrial purposes, for which the demand for electrical power is

continuously increasing. The present demand for electrical power is greatly in excess of

the generating capacity. The power generation scenario in the state reveals that the

demand for power will continue to out-strip the available and planned generation capacity.

The Seventeenth Electric Power Survey of India (draft) published by the Central

Electricity Authority (CEA) projects an increase in the peak demand in Gujarat from 9475

MW in 2007-2008 to 14374 MW in 2011-2012. The energy demand is expected to increase

from 62303 Million kWh in 2007-2008 to about 85445 Million kWh in 2011-2012. As against

this, the peak availability of power and energy are estimated at 6935 MW and 57581 Million

kWh in the year 2007-2008 respectively. Thus there is a deficit of 2540 MW in peak power,

4722 Million kWh in energy in 2007-2008. The substantial increase in peak power and

energy demand in the subsequent years result in higher deficit in peak power availability

and energy. In view of this, there is a need for addition of power generation capacity in

Gujarat to stabilize the economy and foster the industrial economy and growth.

The land of about 150 Ha adjacent to existing plant is already available with

GIPCL for installation of the proposed SLPP expansion Project, Station III : 2x300 MW

units. The available land would be adequate for the proposed installation of power plant.

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of the Vario

e with GIPCsuitable for

g abandone

ct(s)/utilities.

bstructions

e proposed p

er lines

ource of wat

cating the pr

%) :

li North – E

Tadkeswar

Mosali – J

di and Gadk

reda -4 Km i

and Rajgadh

Valia -Desad

ing lease ar

erve police c

Highway

ing lease ar

police camp

y.

s with refere

ous Sites

CL and the la

the power p

ed ash dyke

Further, th

Chapter 2 : P

plant site

ter for the pro

roposed SLP

East Side o

– Mosali Sta

Jankavav S

kach Village.

inside from s

h village (Ea

– Sodgam

rea in Vaga

camp on the

rea in Vaga

on the Ankl

ence to vario

and is having

plant site bec

area and o

is area is w

Project Descripti

oposed SLP

PP Expansio

f the existin

ate highway.

tate highwa

state Highwa

astern side

– Wadi Stat

d-Khol villag

e Ankleshwa

d-Khol villag

eshwar-Valia

ous aspects

g plain terra

cause of ope

other availab

well known

on

PP

on

ng

ay

ay

of

te

ge

ar-

ge

a-

is

ain

en

le

to

GIPCL

river T

well c

from t

Site BAdva

suitab

geotec

to the

appro

25 km

Disad

50 km

site.

Site AAdva

Disad

50 km

site.

Site CAdva

therefo

invest

about

the eit

Disad

distan

from 3

L and existin

Tapi may be

connected fro

he site.

B antage

The la

ble for the po

chnical inves

mining leas

ach road of

m away from

dvantage The tra

m from River

Alt B antage

The sit

dvantage The tra

m from River

C antage

The la

ore, more

tigation is re

2 k.m. This

ther side i.e

dvantage The si

nce travelling

35 km from R

ng SLPP set

taken by lay

om State hig

nd terrain is

ower plant sit

stigation is r

se area than

f around 5 k

the site.

ansportation

Narmada. L

te is located

ansportation

Narmada. L

and terrain

suitable fo

equired from

site is conn

Mosali and V

ite is away

g making uti

River Tapi an

up can be u

ying addition

ghway and

generally p

te because o

required to b

site A. This

km has to b

of water will

Land is to be

very close to

of water will

Land is to be

is generally

or civil foun

reputed con

ected with s

Valia. Land i

from the ex

ilization of s

nd 40 km fro

2.5

utilised during

nal line in the

National Hig

lain and falls

of civil found

be carried ou

s site is locat

be built. The

l be at a dist

e acquired f

o the mining

l be at a dist

e acquired f

y plain and

ndation wor

nsultant. Th

state highway

s to be acqu

xisting SLPP

same difficul

m river Narm

g the project

e existing pip

ghway, whic

s under the

dation require

ut to. This ar

ted close to

e National H

tance of 25 k

for power pla

lease area t

tance of 25 k

for power pla

falls under

rk. Howeve

is area is ve

ys at a dista

uired for pow

P establishm

t. The trans

mada.

Chapter 2 : P

t activities. T

peline corrido

ch is around

basaltic regi

ements How

rea is also lo

the state hig

Highway, wh

km from the

ant and App

than Site A.

km from the

ant and App

the basalti

er, detailed

ery close to

ance of 10 to

wer plant site.

ment which

sportation of

Project Descripti

he water fro

or. This site

20 km awa

ion. It is mor

wever, detaile

ocated neare

ghway and a

hich is aroun

Tapi river an

proach road t

Tapi river an

proach road t

c region an

geotechnic

Mine End i

o 15 kms fro

.

requires lon

water will b

on

m

is

ay

re

ed

er

an

nd

nd

to

nd

to

nd

cal

.e

m

ng

be

Site DAdva

therefo

invest

Ankles

block

Disad

same

transp

Narma

2.3.1.

locatio

2.3.22.3.2.

follow

D antage

The la

ore, more

tigation is re

shwar-Valia-

C & D.

dvantage The lig

has to be tr

portation of

ada river. La

.2 RecomBased

on for the pro

Site F.1 Locat

The p

ing features:

(a) T

K

s

(b) L

(c) W

d

(d) G

e) T

p

f) L

h

a

and terrain

suitable fo

equired to b

-Netrang sta

gnite transpo

ransported b

water will b

and is to be a

mmendatioon the abo

oposed SLP

Features aion of Site roposed site

:

The propose

Kosamba, w

site is around

Land is alrea

Water require

distance of 2

GETCO grid

The propose

problems of r

Lignite fuel w

handling sys

and also by c

is generally

or civil foun

be carried ou

ate highway.

ortation from

by crossing K

be at a dista

acquired for

on ove studies S

P Expansion

and Fuel L

e at Nani

ed site is

hich are on

d 20 kms and

dy available

ed for power

0 Kms. from

is available

ed plant are

rehabilitation

would be tra

stem by tru

conveyors.

2.6

y plain and

ndation wor

ut . This are

The site is a

the mines w

Kim river, un

ance of 25

power plant

Site – “A” is

n Project, SL

Linkage

Naroli villag

accessible

Mumbai - A

d from Kosa

with GIPCL

r plant is ava

m the propose

at close prox

ea is not inh

n or resettlem

ansported fr

cks/dumpers

falls under

rk. Howeve

ea is well c

approximatel

will be at a d

ndulating ter

km from Ta

t site.

s considered

LPP Station I

ge adjacent

by road fro

Ahmedabad

mba the site

L.

ailable from t

ed site

ximity.

habited, hen

ment of peop

rom Mine to

s/conveyors

Chapter 2 : P

the basalti

er, detailed

connected w

ly 16 to 18 k

istance of 6

rrain and rail

api river and

d to be the

III.

to SLPP p

om the poi

high way. F

e is around 3

the river Tap

nce would n

ple.

o power plan

through de

Project Descripti

c region an

geotechnic

with NH -8 b

km from mine

to 8 kms an

lway line. Th

d 50 km fro

most suitab

plant has th

nts Kim an

From Kim th

0 kms.

pi which is at

not pose an

nt end Lignit

edicated roa

on

nd

cal

by

es

nd

he

m

le

he

nd

he

a

ny

te

ad

2.3.2.

plant i

Statio

Lan

LanProj

AnnannGCV

Tota

2.3.2.

existin

03 km

a dista

2.3.3

framew

and a

Agenc

list of

below

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

.2 Basic The es

installation o

n -III is prese

E

d for power

d for ash disject

nual lignite reual load factV of 2900 kc

al raw water

.3 DescrThe la

ng SLPP Pla

ms from the p

ance of 14 -1

ProjeIn orde

work has be

approvals sh

cies at variou

Approvals/c

w :

Clearance

Water ava

Civil Aviati

Clearance

Boiler Pres

Station Restimated req

of 2x300 MW

ented in follo

Estimated R

plant

sposal for Po

equirements(tor of 80% ancal/kg)

requirement

ription of Snd identified

ant. The ex

proposed pro

15 kms from

ect Approver to contro

een develop

all be requir

us stages of

clearances t

e for air and w

ailability and

ion clearanc

e for Storage

ssure Parts

equirementquirements o

W (2 x 250 M

owing :

Requireme

Laavar

ower Th10to cabecaad

(With nd

3.7

t 50

Site – Locatd for the pro

xisting Vasta

oject site. Th

the propose

val & Cleaol and regul

ed by Gove

red to be ob

developmen

to be obtain

water pollutio

use

e

of Fuel Oil

2.7

ts of land, fue

MW+ 20 %) u

ents of Lan

and for thevailable withround 150 He

he ash gene00 % utilized

ash based ase any excee disposed aptive lignitedditional area

75 Million To

0,016 m3/day

tion oject is locat

an lignite mi

e “C” and “D

ed project sit

rances late the dev

ernment of In

btained from

nt and opera

ed from Go

on : MoEF

: State

: Airpor

: CCOE

: Chief

l and water

units, SLPP

nd, Fuel an

proposed GIPCL. Thectares (370

erated from td in dry form

products mess quantityafter mixing

e mines for a for ash disp

onnes per an

y

ted at Nani

ne is locate

D” blocks of V

te.

velopment o

ndia. Accord

m different G

ation at phas

ovt. Authoritie

F, State Pollu

Governmen

rt Authority o

E

Inspector of

Chapter 2 : P

r for the pro

Expansion P

d Water

power planhe total land0 acres).

the proposedm by way of manufacturesy left out, theg with over

voids fillingposal is requ

nnum.

Naroli villag

ed at a dista

Valia mines

of Power Pr

dingly, sever

Government

e of the proj

es for this p

ution Board a

nt

of India

f Boiler

Project Descripti

oposed powe

Project, SLP

nt is alreadd available

d units will bsupply of as. However,

e same wour burden ing. Hence, nuired

ge adjacent

ance of 02

are located

roject, a leg

ral clearance

and Statuto

ect. Indicativ

project are a

and CPCB

on

er

PP

dy is

be sh in ld to no

to

to

at

al

es

ry

ve

as

6.

7.

8.

9.

2.4 2.4.1

availa

system

availa

infrast

augme

consid

distan

mines

at abo

would

and st

existin

given

2.4.2

availa

propo

Plan

Main

Switc

CWP

Raw

Pre-t

Plant Insta

Electrical I

Constructi

Fire Fighti

Plan Introd

The b

bility of fuel

m for powe

bility at the p

The lig

tructural fac

entation of

dered in the

The wa

nce of 20 km

s of GIPCL lo

out 14-15 km

be supplied

tation start-u

ng grid. The

in Table 2.8

Land Land f

ble at adjace

The av

sed units.

t /Area

power bloc

chyard

PH and cooli

water reserv

treatment an

allation

Installation

on Labour

ng

t Infrastrduction asic require

l, water, lan

r evacuation

proposed po

gnite based

ilities for the

auxiliary p

layout.

ater demand

s from the p

ocated in Va

ms from the

d for the proje

up, together

climatologic

8.

for the propo

ent to the ex

vailable land

k

ng tower

voir

nd WT plant

ructure &

ements for

nd and othe

n. This sec

wer station s

power unit

e project wi

plant and in

d of the proje

roposed site

lia Taluka of

power plant

ect is given

with emerg

cal data as a

osed 2 x 300

xisting Surat

d of about 1

area

2.8

: Facto

: Electr

: Labou

: Insura

& Basic R

setting up

er facilities li

ction discuss

site.

t will be of

ll be develo

nfrastructura

ect will be d

e. The main f

f Bharuch dis

t site. The pr

in Table 2.7ency back-u

available for

0 MW (2 x 2

Lignite Powe

150 Ha has

Land (H

15

9

6

5

7

ory Inspector

rical Inspecto

ur Commissi

ance Authori

Requirem

and operati

ke road, ra

ses the req

capacity of

oped. Neces

al facilities f

rawn from th

fuel would b

strict. These

robable rang

. The powe

up power wil

nearest me

250 MW + 2

er Plant of 4

been identif

a)

Land (in A

Land (in ex

Chapter 2 : P

rate

orate

ioner

ity and Loca

ments

ing a powe

ilhead and

uirements, v

f 2x300 MW

ssary space

for the pla

he river Tapi

e supplied fr

e lignite mine

ge of quality

r required fo

ll be made a

trological sta

0 %) power

x 125 MW c

fied to acco

Remarks

Available wAbandoned A

area)

Available wxisting plant

Project Descripti

l Authority

er station ar

transmissio

vis-à-vis the

W. Necessa

provision fo

nt has bee

i which is at

rom the ligni

es are situate

of lignite th

or constructio

available fro

ation, Surat

plant alread

capacity.

ommodate th

s

ith GIPCL Ash dyke

ith GIPCL premises)

on

re

on

eir

ry

or

en

a

te

ed

at

on

m

is

dy

he

Plan

Lignisyste

Ligniplant

Gree

Work

Lime

Adm

Lignicons

Limecons

Ash h

Main(cons

Road

Tota Plant

300 M

stone

400 kV

site ar

Ash D

way o

quanti

lignite

Resid

housin

require

t /Area

te stockpile em (In Mine

te conveyor t)

enbelt

kshop + ware

e stone area

in + canteen

te handling truction/fabr

e stone area truction/fabr

handling are

power blocstruction/fab

ds within pla

l

t Area An are

MW each inc

handling sy

V switchyard

rea. The Plan

Disposal AThe as

of supply of

ity left out, t

mines for vo

dential AreReside

ng of emplo

ed.

& Lignite halease area)

corridor (wi

ehouse area

n + parking s

rication

rication

ea

k brication yard

nt area

ea of 150 Ha

cluding spac

ystem with 10

d have been

nt area eleva

Area sh generated

ash to ash b

the same w

oids filling. H

a ential Towns

oyees. Addit

andling

thin power

a

stand

d/storage

a has been

ce for raw w

0 days coal

n considered

ation is RL 4

d from the p

based produ

ould be disp

Hence, no ad

ship for the

tional staff

2.9

Land (H

12.5

1.25

50

2

1.5

3.75

7

4

2

16

8

150 Ha

estimated fo

water reserv

stockpile, F

d etc. No lan

41.00 Meter.

roposed unit

ucts manufa

posed after

dditional area

employees

quarters ca

a)

In

Cove

LaGIP

.

or installation

voir, cooling

uel Oil unloa

nd filling is r

ts will be 10

ctures. How

mixing with

a for ash disp

of the existi

an be built o

Chapter 2 : P

Remarks

n Mine lease

ered in total land

and AvailablPCL(Abando

dyke area

n of two uni

towers, Lig

ading and st

required for

0% utilized i

wever, in cas

over burde

posal is requ

ing TPS can

on the avai

Project Descripti

s

e area

available

le with ned Ash a)

its of capaci

gnite and lim

torage facilit

the Propose

in dry form b

se any exces

n into captiv

uired.

n be used fo

ilable area,

on

ty

me

ty,

ed

by

ss

ve

or

if

2.4.3

follow

Quan

consid

2x300

water

Natura

for 2x

fresh

require

Sourc

year.

(11 M

from N

as Anof wat

routing

WateIn conv

ing basic con

a. C

c

o

g

b. H

c. T

ntity Recirc

dered for the

The co

0 MW is esti

requiremen

al draft Cool

300 MW uni

water consu

ement is giv

ce and AvaThe so

The total raw

MGD). In Prin

Narmada Wa

nnexure II) ater at the vi

g of raw wa

r Requiremventional fos

nsumptive re

Cooling wate

condenser, w

other cooler

generators, m

Heat cycle m

To meet misc

- Fire fi- Gene- Ash H- Dust - Porta- Hortic

ulating Coo

e power statio

ondenser ci

imated. with

nt on the ba

ing Towers,

its. The Cyc

umption and

en in the Wa

ailability ource of raw

w water requ

nciple Cleara

ater Resour

and propose

illage Patna

ater pipelines

ment and ssil fuel-fired

equirements

er requireme

which acts a

rs in the a

motors etc.

make-up and

cellaneous re

ighting eral services Handling Sysextraction an

able use (for culture and a

oling Water

on.

rculating co

9.5OC temp

asis of sem

dry ash han

cles of Conce

d minimise b

ater Balance

w water is riv

uirement for

ance for dra

rces and Wa

d to install a

. Studies fo

s to the pro

2.10

Availabilitthermal pow

:

ent using clo

as a heat sin

auxiliary sy

other proces

equirements

like floor wastem nd dust suppPower Statio

afforestation

System us

ooling water

perature rise

i-open recir

ndling and o

entration (CO

blow down.

e Fig. 2.4.

ver Tapi whi

r the propose

awal of wate

ater Supply D

additional pu

or drawal of

oposed powe

ty wer station, w

osed cycle

nk for the th

ystems such

ss requireme

s such as :

ashing and ot

pression in con and towns

sing Natural

and aux. C

e in the cond

culating coo

other usual re

OC) conside

The break-

ch has pere

ed power pla

er from river

Department

umps in exist

water from

er plant area

Chapter 2 : P

water is use

cooling towe

hermodynam

h as beari

ents

ther services

coal yard ship)

draft Cool

C.W. require

denser. The

oling water

equirements

ered is 6.0 in

up of consu

ennial flow th

ant units is 5

Tapi is alre

(copy of let

ting intake w

river Tapi a

a is under p

Project Descripti

ed to meet th

ers for stea

mic cycle, an

ng, lube o

s, etc.

ing Tower

ement for th

e consumptiv

system usin

s, is estimate

n order to lim

umptive wate

hroughout th

50016 m3/da

eady availab

tter is enclos

well for draw

and propose

process. Thu

on

he

m

nd

oil,

is

he

ve

ng

ed

mit

er

he

ay

ble

se

wal

ed

us

adequ

water

Quali

the wa

to limi

2.4.4

GCV o

be ava

locate

mines

Rain

drain

will be

be co

pipes

garde

Lignit

require

Projec

tonnes

full loa

protec

both u

provid

Efflue

collect

Exces

filter.

uate and relia

pipeline will

ity The ty

ater would b

t suspended

Fuel –The re

of 2900 Kca

ailable from

ed in Mangro

s are situated

Water HarvThe ra

network. The

e allowed to

nnected to s

of the su

ning/coal sp

te HandlingLignite

ement of lig

ct, SLPP St

s with GCV o

ad.

Contro

cted by inert

units) would

ded for all the

ent TreatmAll effl

ted in guard

ss effluents a

able quantity

be routed ad

pical water a

be relatively

d and dissolv

– Requirequirement o

l/kg. Require

the lignite m

ol taluka of S

d at about 14

vesting Sysin raw water

e discharge

percolate int

sump throug

uitable size

raying etc.

g System e being tran

gnite for the

tation-III con

of 2900 Kca

ol Room and

gas type au

d be provide

e fuel oil stor

ent Plant uents are p

d pond wou

are proposed

y of water is

djacent to ex

analysis is g

high during t

ved solids to

ment, Avaof lignite has

ed coal linka

mines of Guj

Surat district a

4-15 kms fro

stem r and surface

will then be

to the ground

gh filter chan

shall be

nsported fro

proposed 2x

nsidering a

l/kg. Annual

d Control equ

utomatic fire

ed, as per

rage tanks.

proposed to

uld be utiliz

d to be treate

2.11

available fo

xisting river w

given in Tablthe rainy sea

acceptable w

ailability abeen estima

age for propo

jarat Industr

and Valia Ta

m the power

e water will b

e connected

d or recycled

nnel for reci

provided fo

om captive

x300 MW (2

plant availa

limestone c

uipment room

protection sy

NFPA-2001.

be collected

zed for plan

ed in effluent

or the propos

water pipelin

le 2.10. The

ason. Suitab

will be provid

nd Transpated as abou

osed 2x300 M

ies Power C

aluka of Bha

r plant site.

be collected

to rechargin

d. For recycl

rculation. Th

or recycling

Mangrol-Va

2x250 MW +

ability of 80%

onsumption

ms of the m

ystem. Com

. Automatic

d in guard

t washing a

t treatment p

Chapter 2 : P

sed power pl

ne corridor (R

total suspen

ble water tre

ded.

portation ut 3.75 millio

MW project i

Company Lim

aruch district.

through ope

g pit. The co

ling, the rech

he necessar

of retrieve

alia mines.

+ 20%), SLP

% would be

will be0.375

ain power p

mon system

Foam syste

pond. A pa

and gardeni

plant consisti

Project Descripti

lant. The rive

ROW).

nded solids

atment facili

on tonnes wi

is expected

mited (GIPCL

. These ligni

en storm wate

ollected wate

harging pit w

ry pumps an

ed water fo

The annu

PP Expansio

e 3.75 Millio

5 million MT

plant would b

m (common fo

em would b

rt of effluen

ng purpose

ing of clarifie

on

er

in

ty

th

to

L)

te

er

er

will

nd

or

al

on

on

at

be

or

be

ts

es.

er,

LignitLignit

mine a

and t

At Pla

the sc

mm si

the pr

50 mm

conve

stockp

crushe

to the

system

III. Th

(Desig

size re

Steam

of mill

and p

area fo

Quali

exhibi

it may

proxim

averag

te & Limeste Handling

Descr. Crush

area by truck

through close

ant end, Lig

creens in the

ize lignite an

rimary screen

m size. This

eyed to the s

pile is fed to

er house. Th

e boiler bun

m

Daily requirDaily li

he capacity w

gn capacity 1

LimesCrushe

equired for c

m Generator

ing of crushe

neumatic co

or the propo

ity The p

ted in Tabley be noted th

mate analys

ge. It is, the

stone Handg System ription of thhed Lignite (

ks/dumpers

ed conveyor

nite handling

e primary cr

nd the oversi

n and locate

lignite along

stockpile thro

o the secon

he crushed li

kers. PLC b

Lignite reqred ignite Requi

works out fo

1800 TPH).

stone handed limestone

combustion a

area for fee

ed limestone

onveying to p

osed units.

roximate an

e 2.7. From t

hat though th

is, there are

erefore, nec

dling System

he System (-) 250/300 m

up to the pla

rs. The Mine

g system , l

rusher house

ize will be fe

ed in the PCH

g with the un

ough stacke

dary crushe

ignite of (-) 1

based contr

quirements

rement will b

or lignite han

dling systeme from limest

and pneuma

ding along w

e, classificati

powdered lim

nalysis of li

the experien

he average li

e periods w

essary to se

2.12

m

as Envisagmm will be tr

ant lignite ha

e lease area

ignite will be

e (PCH). Th

ed to the dou

H. The DRC

dersize (-) 5

er cum recla

ers (hammer

10/20 mm siz

rol system w

s, No of hou

be about 12

ndling system

m tone bunkers

atically conve

with lignite. L

on/segregat

mestone bun

gnite as ob

ces of gener

gnite coal qu

when coal a

elect equipm

ged ransported fr

ndling syste

will be used

e conveyed t

he primary sc

uble roll crus

will crush lig

50 mm from t

imers. The r

r mill type)

ze from the c

will be prov

urs of oper

2000 MT for

m is 1500 TP

s is fed to m

eyed to limes

Limestone ha

ion, surge st

nkers provide

btained from

rating station

uality may be

available at

ment, which

Chapter 2 : P

rom lignite st

m through d

d for lignite t

through belt

creen will se

her (DRC) d

gnite from 25

the primary

reclaimed lig

located in th

crushers will

vided for Lig

ration and c

2x300 MW

PH for the p

mills for furthe

stone bunke

andling syste

torage (in pro

ed in the ste

m the existi

ns being ope

e in the rang

the plant is

can burn th

Project Descripti

tockpile in th

edicated roa

transportatio

conveyors t

eparate (-) 5

downstream

50/300 mm t

screen will b

gnite from th

he seconda

l be conveye

gnite handlin

capacity

SLPP Statio

proposed uni

er crushing t

ers provided

em comprise

oduct hoppe

eam generato

ng source

erated in Ind

ge given in th

s poorer tha

he worst co

on

he

ad

n.

to

50

of

to

be

he

ry

ed

ng

on

ts

to

in

es

er)

or

is

ia

he

an

oal

withou

of the

load fa

about

(-) 250

Supp

tanks,

MW (

propo

pumps

to mee

2.4.5

plant w

Power

Kosam

2.4.6

system

and fly

dry as

would

ut resorting t

Boiler plant

Consid

actor of 80%

3.75 million

0-300 mm.

port Fuel The s

of 1000 m3

2 x 250 MW

sed to meet

s (1 working

et therequire

The He

PowePower

will be evacu

r will be ev

mba lines an

Ash HThe be

m capacity p

y ash will be

sh collection

be disposed

The ma

a) Bb) Cc) Bd) B

The ma

a) Cb) E

too much oil

adequately

dering design

%, the annua

tons. It is p

econdary fu

3 capacity e

W + 20 %) u

t the require

+ 1 standby

ements of the

eavy Furnac

er Evacuatgenerated f

uated throug

vacuated thr

d one no. G

Handling Sed ash syste

per unit would

collected in

n. Bed ash w

d off in dry fo

ajor equipme

Bed ash interConveying aiBed ash pipinBed ash silo

ajor equipme

Conveying aiESP hopper

support for

addresses th

n with gross

al lignite requ

resumed tha

el would be

ach is propo

units . Two

ement of pro

y) of 50 m3/h

e proposed u

ce Oil (HFO)

tion from the pro

gh 400 kV ou

rough three

SEG (Hazira

System em capacity

d be about 2

ash silos th

would be d

orm for utiliza

ent / system

rmediate surir Blowers ng and valve

ent/ systems

ir compressoand silo fluid

2.13

flame stabil

hese issues

s calorific va

uirement for

at the lignite

HFO as pe

osed to mee

LDO storag

oposed 2 x

hr for HFO &

units

analysis is h

oposed 2x30

utdoor switc

nos. of 400

a) line.

per unit wou

200 TPH from

rough dense

disposed off

ation.

s of the botto

rge hopper

es

s of the fly as

ors dising blower

ization at low

during detai

lue (GCV) o

2x300 MW

would be pr

r IS 1593. T

et the require

ge tanks of 2

300 MW un

& LDO separa

highlighted in

00 MW (2 x

hyard and co

0KV lines, i

uld be about

m ESP to Fl

e phase pne

in dry form

om ash hand

sh handling s

rs

Chapter 2 : P

w loads. The

led engineer

of 2900 kCa

Power Plan

re-crushed a

Two heavy fu

ement of pro

250 m3 cap

nits . Two n

ately have b

n Table 2.11

250 MW +

onnected to

.e., two nos

t 2x 70 TPH

y ash silos.

umatic syste

for mine fil

dling system

system are:

Project Descripti

e specificatio

ring stage.

l/kg and pla

t works out t

at mine end t

uel oil storag

oposed 2x30

pacity each

os. unloadin

een propose

.

20 %) powe

GETCO gri

s. of Mangr

H. The fly as

Both bed as

em to facilita

l and Fly as

m are:

on

on

nt

to

to

ge

00

is

ng

ed

er

d.

rol

sh

sh

te

sh

2.4.7

is ess

facilitie

at a d

power

Mumb

used

emplo

Mode

mine a

and th

tanks,

2x300

propo

pumps

c) Fd) We) Sf) Ng) F

PLC ba

InfrasFor a g

sential for s

es which are

a. A

b. A

e

c

c. A

d. S

GIPCL

distance of 5

r plant.

Surat A

bai, Kandla,

for import o

oyed for haul

e of TranspCrushe

area by truck

hrough close

The se

of 1000 m

0 MW (2 x 25

sed to meet

s (1 working

Fly ash pipingWater pumpsSlurry pumpsNecessary inFly ash silo

ased control

structural green field po

successful im

e considered

Access roads

A housing f

electricity, co

construction

Ancillary or s

Skilled and u

L has adequa

56 km, is a l

Airport is sit

Mundra , w

of heavy eq

age of heavy

port of Ligned Lignite (-)

ks/dumpers

ed conveyors

econdary fue

m3 capacity

50 MW + 20

t the require

+ 1 standby

g and valvess and seal ws and pipingnstrumentatio

system will

Facilitiesower project

mplementatio

essential du

s

facility for th

ommunity fac

power, healt

mall-scale in

nskilled man

ate existing

arge city wit

uated at 70

which are we

quipments.

y equipment

nite to Site) 250/300 m

up to the pla

s. Fuel Oil R

el would be

y each is p

%) units . Tw

ement of pro

y) of 50 m3/h

2.14

s water pumps

on and contr

be provided

t, availability

on of the p

uring early st

he construc

cilities viz. m

th care etc.

ndustries

npower

infrastructura

th infrastruct

km from the

ell connected

Long body

t from port to

mm will be tra

ant lignite ha

Requirement

HFO as per

roposed to

wo LDO stor

oposed 2 x

hr for HFO &

rols

for Ash han

of a few oth

project in a

tage of cons

tion staff w

market, hous

al facilities. S

tural facilitie

e project are

d by road w

trailers as

o the plant si

ansported fro

ndling syste

and Mode o

r IS 1593. T

meet the r

rage tanks o

300 MW un

& LDO separa

Chapter 2 : P

ndling system

her infrastruc

shorter time

struction are

with supply o

sing, school,

Surat District

s useful for

ea. The nea

with this area

well as wa

te.

om lignite st

m through d

of Transport

Two heavy fu

requirement

of 250 m3 ca

nits . Two n

ately have b

Project Descripti

m.

ctural facilitie

e frame. Th

:

of water an

water work

t H.Q. locate

the propose

rest ports ar

a and can b

agons can b

tockpile in th

edicated roa

uel oil storag

of propose

pacity each

os. unloadin

een propose

on

es

he

nd

ks,

ed

ed

re

be

be

he

ad

ge

ed

is

ng

ed

to me

suppli

Site D

minim

be div

area b

variou

while

variou

Ancil

shall b

Colon

at exi

propo

club b

neces

2.5

2.5.1

config

withou

critica

variou

of-the-

2.5.2

param

eet the requ

ed from the

DevelopmeThe e

mum. The na

verted and na

being very w

us structures

Howev

designing th

us other heav

lary BuildiSepara

be constructe

ny for the PPresen

isting power

sed power s

building, au

ssary, the sa

Tech(Equ

IntrodThe lig

gured with tw

ut sacrificing

l range.

Judicio

us system an

-art technolo

CommThe as

meters. It wa

uirements of

oil terminal a

ent ntire area b

tural Nallah

atural draina

well known,

required for

ver, detailed

he foundation

vy structures

ngs ate ancillary

ed.

Power Statntly, a well b

r station. Ho

station staff. T

uditorium, gu

me shall be

hnical Feuipment aduction gnite based

wo addition

g availability,

ous provisio

nd system co

ogy has been

mercial Utsh analysis (

as observed

f the propos

at Sewree, M

being rather

is passing o

age pattern o

no difficulty

r the propose

soil investig

n required fo

s as well as a

y building lik

ion Staff built colony h

owever add

The modern

uest house

augmented

eatures aand Syst

power projec

al units, ea

, the choice

ons have be

omponents a

n considered

tilization o(fly ash and

that the mi

2.15

sed units. T

Mumbai.

r leveled, th

outside the p

of the area w

y is envisag

ed power pro

gation shall

or installation

ancillary plan

ke administr

has been pro

ditional land

amenities to

etc. are a

suitably.

and Engintems)

ct at Mangro

ach of 300

e of Steam p

een conside

and interchan

d for design o

of Fly Ashbottom ash)

neral conten

The oil requi

he land dev

plant bounda

will not distur

ed in design

oject.

be undertak

n of main po

nts.

rative office,

ovided at GI

will be acq

o the colony

already ava

neering A

ol Tahsil, Su

MW capacit

parameters

ered while

ngeability of

of the propos

) was carried

nt in the form

Chapter 2 : P

ired for the

velopment c

ary and the

rbed The so

ning the fou

ken for the s

ower plant e

, canteen, s

IPCL for the

quired for c

residents su

ilable and

Aspects

urat district G

ty. To achie

has been li

deciding the

equipment/s

sed station.

d out for phy

m of oxides

Project Descripti

plant will b

cost could b

same will n

il strata of th

undations an

specific area

quipment an

security offic

e staff workin

colony for th

uch as schoo

if considere

GIPCL, will b

eve efficienc

mited to sub

e margins

system. State

ysico-chemic

of metals a

on

be

be

ot

he

nd

as

nd

ce

ng

he

ol,

ed

be

cy

b-

in

e-

cal

as

mentio

been c

ash it

quanti

nation

the de

ash ha

around

fly ash

block

mines

and c

platfor

five ye

effect

all out

bricks

ash br

to stu

crysta

gradin

oxide,

eleme

90% o

forms

Ash m

oned in Tablcarried out fr

Due to

is found to b

ity of ash ge

nal concern a

With c

eveloped cou

as been esta

d 80:20 or 7

h and bottom

The m

/ paver block

s. Other area

construction

rms and con

The as

ears. This is

of fly ash n

t efforts and

, the interac

ricks manufa

Before

dy the prop

alline matter

ng of Fly ash

silicates or

ents in Fly A

of the materia

Fly As

cementous

make it suitab

i. Bii. L

le 2.12 are n

rom BARC, M

o different ph

be ineffective

enerated reg

and attracted

considerable

untries as we

ablished. Th

70:30.The ge

m ash silos.

ajor utilizatio

ks etc. howe

as of ash util

of road with

trolling grass

sh off take b

s due to the

otification an

d also awar

ction session

acturing incre

e Fly ash is r

erties of the

and some u

h from preci

r aluminates

Ash are silico

al.

sh, being a

material wh

ble for the fo

Building blocLight weight a

not toxic natu

Mumbai.

hysical and c

e for comme

gularly from

d attention of

research a

ell as in India

e ratio of the

enerated fly

on of our exis

ever some qu

lization are f

h FAL-G as

s and for con

by brick ma

e stringent m

nd increased

eness amon

ns done with

eased to an

recommende

e same. Fly

unburnt carbo

pitator is be

s and thus q

on, aluminium

product of

hen mixed w

llowing comm

ks aggregates

2.16

ure. Further,

chemical pro

ercial exploita

the therma

f the technol

nd developm

a, various av

e fly ash and

ash and bo

sting genera

uantity is use

for construct

surface cou

nstruction of

nufacturers

measures ta

d pressure o

ng users an

h brick manu

extent of 80-

ed for comm

ash princip

on. It varies

etween medi

quite stable

m and oxyge

high tempe

with lime and

mercial uses

the radioact

operties of a

ation. Thus,

l power stat

ogist in the c

ment during

venues for co

d bottom ash

ttom ash is

ated ash is fo

ed for voids f

tion of road s

rse, FAL-G

RCC road.

has increas

aken by Pol

on implemen

nd also the

ufacturers, th

-90 %in the

ercial use in

pally consists

from light to

um silt to fin

compounds

en which tog

erature, has

d water. The

s :

Chapter 2 : P

tivity of flyas

sh i.e. fly as

the disposa

tions becam

country

the past tw

ommercial u

h in total gen

collected in

or manufactu

filling of our

sub grade in

concrete for

sed substant

lution Contr

ntation of the

better streng

he utilization

FY 09-10.

n any form, it

s of spherica

o dark gray

ne silt. They

. The three

gether accou

pozzolonic

e above pro

Project Descripti

sh has alread

sh and botto

l of enormou

e a matter

wo decades

utilization of f

nerated ash

the individu

uring of brick

captive lignit

n mines area

r making lev

tially over la

rol authoritie

e norms. Wi

gth of fly as

n of ash in f

t is necessa

al particles

in colour. Th

y are basical

pre-domina

unt for 75%

property an

operties of F

on

dy

m

us

of

in

fly

is

al

k /

te

as

vel

ast

es,

th

sh

fly

ry

of

he

lly

nt

to

nd

Fly

areas

may b

met fr

of ash

friendl

block

mines

and c

platfor

five ye

effect

all out

bricks

ash br

2.6 2.6.1

isolate

iii. Piv. Rv. Gvi. Fvii. Pviii. Rix. Lx. R

Extens

of Fly ash

be considere

a) Bb) Lc) Ad) M

These

rom the Fly A

h may not b

ly manner :

The m

/ paver block

s. Other area

construction

rms and con

The as

ears. This is

of fly ash n

t efforts and

, the interac

ricks manufa

Envi Introd

The sit

ed and envi

Partial cemenRoad sub-baGrouting matFiller in asphPartial replacRoad embanLand filling mRecovery of m

sive research

utilisation. F

d.

Brick manufaLight weight AArea filling Mine filling

areas of util

Ash generate

e a constrai

ajor utilizatio

ks etc. howe

as of ash util

of road with

trolling grass

sh off take b

s due to the

otification an

d also awar

ction session

acturing incre

ronmentduction te proposed

ronmentally

nt replacemease terial alt mix for ro

cement of limkment

material minerals nam

h works are

For the propo

acturing Aggregate fo

lisation have

ed in the pro

int, it is to b

on of our exis

ever some qu

ization are f

h FAL-G as

s and for con

by brick ma

e stringent m

nd increased

eness amon

ns done with

eased to an

tal Aspec

for the pow

non-sensitiv

2.17

ent

oads me aggregate

mely Alumin

being condu

osed project

or road and c

e proven acc

oposed plant

be endeavore

sting genera

uantity is use

for construct

surface cou

nstruction of

nufacturers

measures ta

d pressure o

ng users an

h brick manu

extent of 80-

cts

wer plant is s

ve area. Als

e in concrete

ium and Iron

ucted to expl

t, following a

concrete

ceptability an

t. Though la

ed to dispos

ated ash is fo

ed for voids f

tion of road

rse, FAL-G

RCC road.

has increas

aken by Pol

on implemen

nd also the

ufacturers, th

-90 %in the

situated awa

so, since ne

Chapter 2 : P

e work

n

lore all the a

areas of util

nd the requir

nd availabilit

se ash in an

or manufactu

filling of our

sub grade in

concrete for

sed substant

lution Contr

ntation of the

better streng

he utilization

FY 09-10.

ay from the

ecessary po

Project Descripti

above referre

isation of as

rement can b

ty for dispos

n environme

uring of brick

captive lignit

n mines area

r making lev

tially over la

rol authoritie

e norms. Wi

gth of fly as

n of ash in f

nearby citie

ollution contr

on

ed

sh

be

sal

nt

k /

te

as

vel

ast

es,

th

sh

fly

es,

rol

measu

enviro

Projec

power

2.6.2

polluti

follow

can be

•

•

•

•

ures are bein

onmental aut

Thus t

ct. It is theref

r plant.

EnvirA therm

on by way o

i) S

ii) T

iii) T

iv) C

c

The m

ing sources

i) S

ii) C

h

tr

iii) A

iv) E

a

v) L

p

The va

e broadly cla

• Air pol

• Water

• Noise

• Sewag

ng proposed

thorities.

the site has

fore, conside

ronmental mal power s

of emission/d

Suspended P

Toxic gases (

Thermal pollu

Chemicals in

chemicals, oi

main pollutan

:

Stack discha

Circulating w

heat, water

reatment of c

Ash generate

Effluents from

alkaline liquid

Lignite dust

particulate m

arious types

assified into t

lution

pollution

pollution

ge pollution

d for the pow

all the infra

ered that this

Aspectsstation utilizin

discharge of t

Particulate M

(NOx, SO2)

ution

n liquid eff

il and grease

nts from a t

rging particu

water blowdo

with higher

circulating w

ed from Boile

m the ion-e

d.

from liquid

atters as fug

of pollution l

the following

2.18

wer plant, it is

astructural re

s site is suita

ng lignite co

the following

Matters (SPM

fluents such

e, suspended

hermal pow

ulate matters

own from co

r salt conce

water, if any.

er.

exchangers

effluents in

gitive dust/ch

likely to be c

g categories

s expected to

equirements

able for the in

oal as its prim

g :

M)

h as acids,

d solids etc.

wer plant are

s, toxic gases

ondenser co

entrations a

of DM Plan

lignite Hand

himney of Du

created by th

:

Chapter 2 : P

o meet the r

s for the pro

nstallation of

me fuel gen

alkalies, s

e discharged

s (SOx, NOx

ooling circuit

nd chemica

nt dischargin

dling Plant a

ust Extraction

he proposed

Project Descripti

requirement

oposed powe

f the propose

nerally create

some organ

d through th

x) and heat.

t, dischargin

als added fo

ng acidic an

and air born

n systems.

power statio

on

of

er

ed

es

nic

he

ng

or

nd

ne

on

2.6.3

plant.

2.6.4

projec

constr

cost f

installe

2.6.6.

Banga

projec

Rs. 15

EnvirGIPCL

Cost The es

ct based on

ruction (IDC

for similar s

ed capacity w

.1 Basis The c

alore based

cts of similar

The la

5.0 Lakhs pe

The pr

(a) A

2

(b) R

(c) C

b

(d) c

2

(e) C

fi

(f) A

e

(g) A

e

(h) T

p

ronmental L has engag

Estimate stimated firs

n prevailing

) and financ

ize projects

works out to

of Cost Escost estimat

on the in-ho

size where o

nd cost for t

er hectare as

roject cost in

A station bu

2x300 MW.

Raft foundati

Cost of road

been conside

cost of spare

2.5 % of land

Cost of cante

ire station, h

A lump sum

estimates for

A lump sum

estimates for

Taxes and

prevailing rat

Impact Sted an agen

st order cap

rates in is

cial charges.

which have

o Rs. 697 lakh

stimates tes have b

ouse cost da

orders have

the proposed

s furnished b

cludes:

uilding witho

ons for all m

s inside pla

ered.

es for mech

ded cost

een, wareho

ydrogen pla

amount of

r rain water h

amount of

r CSR activit

duties of v

tes in the cur

2.19

tudy cy to carryo

pital cost of

s Rs. 4181

The above

e been rece

hs / MW.

been prepa

ata for main

been placed

d facilities ha

by GIPCL.

out basemen

major structur

nt boundary

anical and e

ouse, works

nt has been

Rs. 100 lak

harvesting.

Rs. 50 cror

ies

various item

rrent financia

out EIA study

the propose

121 Lakhs

cost is bas

ently execute

red by Tat

n plant and b

d.

as been esti

nt and all o

res.

y and assoc

electrical eq

hop, Servic

n considered

khs has bee

res has bee

s at rates

al year have

Chapter 2 : P

y for the pro

ed 2 x 300

including in

sed on in-ho

ed. The cos

ta Consultin

balance of p

mated base

other plant

iated drains

quipment is c

ce building,

in the cost e

en considere

en considere

indicated b

been includ

Project Descripti

oposed powe

0 MW Powe

nterest durin

ouse data an

st per MW

ng Enginee

plant items fo

d on a rate

structures fo

, culverts ha

considered

weigh bridg

estimates

ed in the co

ed in the co

based on th

ed.

on

er

er

ng

nd

of

er,

or

of

or

as

at

e,

ost

ost

he

works

GETC

interfa

estima

electri

2.6.6.

estima

interes

propo

and co

2.6.6.

unit w

orders

report

there

capita

been d

•

•

•

•

execu

report

Cost o

as it has b

CO substatio

acing has be

Provisi

ates and sa

No pro

cal works in

.2 CapitaThe to

ated to be 41

The co

st during con

sed 2x300 M

onsidering a

.3 PhasiThe Pr

will be ready

s for main pl

t, it is assum

is no spill o

alized on this

done on the

• 1st yea

• 2nd ye

• 3rd yea

• 4th ye

It is pro

ution period.

t.

of transmiss

been assum

ons would be

en considere

ion for expa

me will be ut

ovision for

the mine are

al Cost Estotal cost of

1812.10 milli

ost per MW

nstruction an

MW unit at st

minimum re

ng of Experoject milest

for commerc

ant equipme

med that all t

out beyond

s basis. . The

following ba

ar

ear

ar

ear

oposed to ut

Quarterly ph

ion system

ed that the

e installed b

ed in the pre

nsion of exis

tilized for the

external lig

ea has been

timate the project

ion Rs.

of installed

nd financing

tation bus ba

eturn of 15.5

enditure tone schedu

cial operatio

ent. For the

the expendit

this period.

e year wise p

asis:

: 20%

: 50%

: 20%

: 10%

tilise both de

hasing of ex

2.20

has not be

entire trans

by GETCO a

eliminary cos

sting colony

e proposed S

nite handlin

n considered

including ID

capacity wo

charges. Th

ar, after allo

5% on equity

ule has been

n within 38 m

purpose of f

ture on the u

. All interest

phasing of ex

%

%

%

%

ebt and equi

penditure wi

een included

mission betw

at their cost.

st estimates

y at SLPP ha

Station -II.

ng system a

in the projec

DC financin

orks out to R

he cost of ge

owing for aux

y portion wor

n established

months from

financial calc

unit is incurr

ts and expe

xpenditure o

ty in the ratio

ill be presen

Chapter 2 : P

d in the cos

ween the sw

Expenditure

as been mad

and associa

ct cost estim

g cost and

Rs 6.97 cro

eneration pe

xiliary power

rks out to Rs

d. It is expe

m the date of

culations con

red within 38

enses are ca

of the total pr

on of 75:25

ted in the de

Project Descripti

st of electric

witchyard an

e required fo

de in the co

ated civil an

mates.

escalation

res includin

er kWh for th

r consumptio

s. 3.06 /kWh.

ected that th

f placement

ntained in th

8 months an

alculated an

roject cost ha

during proje

etailed proje

on

cal

nd

or

ost

nd

is

ng

he

on

he

of

his

nd

nd

as

ect

ct

A

B

C

D Topo

Latitud

: 21O24

: 21O24

: 21O24

: 21O24

osheets Nos. 46 G/3

F

de L

4’31.903” 7

4’14.550” 7

4’08.653” 7

4’12.439” 7

Fig. 2.1 : S

Longitude

73O06’43.754

73O07’19.025

73O07’16.302

73O06’37.834

2.21

Site Locatio

4”

5”

2”

4”

SPan

on Map

Luw

Nogama Shethi netha Asodia

Tadkeshwar

Uskher Ram

Nan Na

Chapter 2 : P

D

C

B

A 5 k

Shah

Mota Miya Mangrol

wara

Borsad Dungri

mkund

ni aroli

Charetha

Surali

Wastan

Dharampur

Togapur

Project Descripti

10 km km

Vasravi

Tuked

Borigala

on

N

2.22

Chapter 2 : PProject Description

Fig.

2.2

: Po

wer

Grid

Map

of I

ndia

2.23

Chapter 2 : PProject Description

Fig.

2.3

: Lo

catio

n Si

te o

f the

Pro

pose

d Po

wer

Pla

nt

2.24

Chapter 2 : P

Project Description

Fig.

2.4

: W

ater

Bal

ance

Dia

gram

Pe

APMA

APJU

JU

Projected

riod

R-2010 to AR-2011

R-2011 to NE 2011

NE 2011

Peak Powe

PeriodDem

(M

10,

10,2

10,2

T

er Demand

d Peak mand W)

A

786

292

292

2.25

Table 2.1

d and Ener

Peak Availability

(MW)

9,947

10,221

10,221

rgy Requir

Peak SurplDeficit (-

(MW)

-839

-71

-71

Chapter 2 : P

rement of G

us/ )

Peak Def

-

-

-

Project Descripti

Gujarat

Surplus/ ficit (-) (%)

-7.8

-0.7

-0.7

on

Inst

Sr. No.

GSE

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

A

IPP

1

2

3

B1

IPP

4

5

6

7

B2

B

talled Gene

N

ECL

Dhuvaran

Dhuvaran

Ukai TPS

Wanakbo

Gandhina

Sikka TP

Kutch Lig

Utran TP

Kadana H

Ukai Hyd

Ukai LB H

Panam H

Sub Tota

(Private)

A.E.CO./T

Essar Po

GPEC –

(State)

GIPCL-V

GIPCL-M

GSEGL-

GMDC S

Sub Tota

eration Ca

Name of Pow

nTPS 1

nTPS

S

ori TPS

agar TPS

S

gnite TPS

S (NEW)

Hydro

dro

Hydro

Hydro

al

Torrent

ower

Paguthan

Vadodara

Mangrol

Hazira

tage I&II

al (B1+B2)

T

pacity in M

wer Project

2.26

Table 2.2

MW for the

G

State of G

Fuel

Gas

Oil

Coal

Coal

Coal

Coal

Lignite

Gas

Hydro

Hydro

Hydro

Hydro

Coal/Gas

Gas

Gas

Gas/Naphtha

Lignite

Gas

Lignite

Chapter 2 : P

Gujarat for

Capac

2

1

2

2

2

4

1

a

2

2

9

2

Project Descripti

2006-2007

city in MW

107

220*

850

1470

870

240

215

135

240

300

5

2

4654

500

300

655

1455

305

250

156

250

961

2416

on

7

Sr. No.

CEN

C

* Re22

N

NTRAL SEC

NPC- Tar

NPC-TAR

NPC Kak

NTPC Ko

NTPC Vin

NTPC Vin

NTPC Vin

NTPC Za

NTPC Ka

Sub Tota

SARDAR

Total Ins01-07) Peak Pownote 4) Energy G(MKWh) Peak Dem

Energy DIII.1) (-)Defici

(-)Deficit(MKWh)

ecently the 20 MW. Hen

Name of Pow

CTOR (GSEC

rapur APC

RAPUR Uni

krapar APC

orba

ndhyachal –

ndhyachal –

ndhyachal –

anor

awas

al

R SAROVAR

stalled Capa

wer Availab

Generated b(refer note mand (MW)

Demand (MK

it / (+) Surpl

t / (+) Surplu

capacity once the insta

wer Project

CL’s share)

Unit # 1&2

it # 3&4

– 1

–2

– 3

R-SSNNL

acity (MW)(t

bility (MW) (

by all Units 3)

) (from Tabl

KWh) (from

lus of Powe

us of Energ

of Dhuvaranalled capacity

2.27

)

till 01-

(refer

le-III.1)

m Table-

er (MW)

gy

n oil based y is 9247 MW

Fuel

Nuclear

Nuclear

Nuclear

Coal

Coal

Coal

Coal

Gas

Gas

TPS is deW.

Chapter 2 : P

Capac

2

2

2

2

1

2

9

6

5

9

62

(-)

(-)

erated from

Project Descripti

city in MW

160

274

125

360

230

239

133

237

187

1945

232

9247

6935

7581

9475

2303

)2540

)4722

534 MW t

on

to

Sr. No.

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

Projecte

GSECL U

Vindhyach

Kahalgao

Sipat – II

Torrent Po

Total (200

GSECL-C

Sipat-1

Barh

GIPCL SL

Total (200

GSEG Ex

GSPC PipGSPC – G

Barh

North Kar

Total (201

North Kar

GSECL S

Total (201

Bhavnaga(GPCL,GM

GSECL U

GSECL S

South GujMW)

SaurashtrGhogha,B

Pipavav PStrategic

Total (201

Total

Total

ed Generat

Name Of P

Unit 4, Panand

hal Stage III(U

n Stage II Ph

(Unit 4&5)

ower Ltd, Akh

08)

CCP, Utran

LPP Phase -II

09)

xpansion, Haz

pavav Power GPCL)

ranpura

10)

ranpura

tage 3, Dhuv

11)

ar Power ProjMDC,GSECL

Ukai Extension

ikka Stage -2

jarat Lignite P

ra Energy LimBhavnagar (JV

Power ProjectPartner)

12)

T

tion Capac

Power Project

dhro

Unit 2)

ase 2 (Unit 6

hakhol, Surat

I , Mangrol

zira

Co.Ltd, Pipav

aran

ect, BhavnagL,GPCC&GIPC

n (Unit 6),Uka

2,Sikka

Power Project

mited at V of GPCL-NC

t, Pipavav (JV

2.28

Table 2.3

city for the

t

)

vav (JV of

gar CL)

ai

t (1000

CWL)

V of GPCL-

State of G

Capacity in MW

75

133

31

239

990

1468

360

473

87

250

1170

350

700

173

77

1300

154

360

514

500

490

500

900

250

900

3540

7992

17553

Chapter 2 : P

Gujarat till 2

Expected COperat

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

(2008

(up to

Project Descripti

2012

Commercial ion Year

008

008

008

008

008

009

009

009

009

010

010

010

010

011

011

012

012

012

012

012

012

8-2012)

o 2012)

on

De

Sr. No

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

eficit in Ins

o Details

Projected Capacity

Peak PowAvailability(refer note

Peak PowDemand (

Power Def

Installed Crequired tothe deficit

Energy De(MkWh)

Energy Demet (MkWnote d)

Energy De(MkWh)

talled Cap

Installed (MW)

er y (MW) e 4)

er (MW)

ficit (MW) (

Capacity o offset (MW)

emand

emand Wh) (refer

eficit

T

pacity and E

2007-2008

11029

8272

9475

(-) 1203

1504

62303

57581

(-)4722

2.29

Table 2.4

Energy De

2008-2009

12199

9022

10484

(-) 1462

1827

67284

62763

(-)4521

emand for t

2009-2010

13499

9149

11625

(-) 2476

3095

72773

68412

(-)4361

Chapter 2 : P

the State o

0 2010-201

14013

10510

12915

(-) 2405

3006

78807

74569

(-)4238

Project Descripti

of Gujarat

11 2011-2

1755

1316

1437

(-) 1210

1512

85445

81280

8 (-)4165

on

012

53

65

74

0

Aspect ofselection

Approach

Water soand dista

Lignite soand dista

Limestonsource aDistance

Ash Utilizatio

Power Evacuatio

f site Si

h Shig

ource ance

Tapi18

ap

ource ance

Appma

14-1from

e

ne nd

5 kmplan(ExVa

Limedep

n Vasta2-3 k

s

on M

220 kkV

statioloc

withrad50

Accethe

linavaila

Eas

Compa

te-A S

tate hway

Frohig

5aproa

consto

i river–8-km prox.

Tap25 Na

5

proxi-ately 15 km

m Mine end

Apm6-

from

m from nt site xisting astan estone posits)

19 kpla(EV

Limde

an mine km from site

Mamine

8

Many kV/400

V sub ons are cated hin the ius of kms ess for power nes able on st side

MakV/

statlo

witrad50

Accthe

lavon

T

arative Stat

Site-B S

m state ghway, 5 km proach

ad to be structed o site

Fh

5 kmro

co

pi river-km and

armada 50km

Ta2N

pproxi-mately -8 km m Mine end

Ama

fr

km from ant site xisting

Vastan mestone

posits)

22p(

Ld

angrol es : 6 to

8 kms m

any 220 /400 kV sub ions are

ocated thin the dius of 0 kms cess for e power lines ailable n East side

MkV/

stlocthe

50 kforlineon

2.30

Table 2.5

tement of V

Site Alt-B

From state highway, m approach oad to be onstructed

to site

api river – 5 km and

Narmada – 50km

Approxi- ately 2-3 km rom Mine

end

2 km from plant site (Existing Vastan

Limestone deposits)

Mangrol mines : 2 to

3 kms

Many 220 /400 kV sub tations are cated within e radius of kms Access r the power es available n East side

Various Si

Site-C

State highway10 km

Approach village road close to site

Tapi river – 35 km and Narmada –

40 km Approxi-

mately 4-5 kmfrom Mine

end

18 km from plant site

(Proposed Ghoda-Dungr

Limestone deposits)

Mangrol mines : 14 to 15 kms

Many 220 kV/400 kV

sub stations are located within the radius of

50 kms Accesfor the powerlines availableon East side

Chapter 2 : P

ites

Site -D

y: State high

-

m Approxmately

16-18 kfrom Mi

end

ri

18 km frplant si

(ProposGhoda-Du

Limestodeposit

New asdyke

required initial 3 t

years

V

s r e

Many220 kV/40

sub statioare locatwithin thradius o

50 kms Acfor the polines availon North

Project Descripti

D Sit

hway State

xi- y km ne

Appma

15-1F

Min

om te

sed ungri

one ts)

18 kmplan

(ProGhoda

Limdep

sh for to 4 s

New areqfor

3 ye

y 00 kV ons ted he of

ccess ower lable side

M220 kV

sub sare lwithrad50

AccespoweavailaNort

on

te –E

highway

-

proxi- ately 17 km rom e end

m from nt site

oposed a-Dungri

meston posits)

ash dyke quired initial to 4 ears

Many V/400 kV stations ocated

hin the ius of kms

ss for the er lines able on th side

Aspect ofselection

Distanceexisting colony

Obstructbetween and Plan

Land Availabil

f site Si

from 3

ions Mine t

ShighMosa

Mavill

RailwKim

lybetMinPlan

ity Y

te-A S

3km 1

tate hways, ali And

angrol lage,

way line, river is

ying ween e and nt end

Yes No acq

Site-B S

12km

Nil

(To be quired)

Na

2.31

Site Alt-B

15km

Nil

No (To be acquired)

Site-C

20km

H.T lines andOld bhaga

village is lyingbetween Mineand Plant end

No (To be acquired)

Chapter 2 : P

Site -D

35km

d

g e d.

There undulating

terrain, Kriver and Triver whic

passinbetween Mand plant 3 number220 kV li

passinbetween m

and pla

No (To acquire

Project Descripti

D Sit

m 38

is g hilly Kim Tokri ch is g Mine site. rs of nes g

mines ant

Theunduhilly t

Kim riTokwhpas

betweand pl3 num220 k

pasbet

minep

be ed)

No (acq

on

te –E

8km

ere is ulating terrain, iver and ri river ich is ssing

een Mine lant site.

mbers of kV lines ssing tween es and lant

(To be uired)

La

Laun

An(Wan

To

E

and for powe

and for ash dnits.

nnual lignite With annual lond GCV of 29

otal raw wate

Estimated R

er plant

disposal for P

requirementoad factor of900 kcal/kg)

er requireme

T

Requireme

Proposed

ts f 80%

ent

2.32

Table 2.6

ents of Lan

Land for thavailable wis around 1

The ash gewill be 100%supply of amanufacturquantity leafter mixinglignite mineadditional a

3.75 Million

50,016 m3/

nd, Fuel an

e proposed with GIPCL. T

50 Hectares

enerated from% utilized insh to ash bares. Howeveft out, the sag with over bes for voids farea for ash

n Tonnes pe

day

Chapter 2 : P

d Water

power plantThe total lans (370 acres

m the propo dry form by

ased producer, in case aname would bburden into cfilling. Hencdisposal is r

er annum.

Project Descripti

t is already nd available s).

sed units y way of cts ny excess be disposed captive ce, no required.

on

SrNo

1.

2.

3.4.5.6.

7.

r.o.

Particu

0 PROXI( As rec

1.1 M

1.2 As

1.3 Fi

1.4 Vo

0 ULTIMA2.1

2.2

2.3

2.4

2.5

2.6

2.7

0 Gross C

0 Chlorid0 Free Si0 Hard G

Index

0 Initial D(UnderAtmos

lars

MATE ANAceived basis

Moisture (Tot

sh

ixed Carbon

olatile Matte

ATE ANALYCarbon

Hydroge

Sulphur

Nitrogen

Moisture

Ash

Oxygen differenc

Calorific Valu

de ilica

Groove Grin

Deformationr Reducing phere)

Qua

ALYSIS s)

al)

n

er

YSIS

n

e

(by ce) ue K

dability

n Temp

2.33

Table 2.7

ality of Lign

Units PeanLig

%

%

%

%

%

%

%

%

%

%

%

Kcal/kg 2

%

%

Deg C

nite

erform-ce

gnite

RanCo

45

10

20

25

30.0

2.5

1.2

0.3

45

10

11.0

2900

0.33

1.37

Chapter 2 : P

Range for Dend for Furnisorrection Cufor Guarant

40-52

5-20

10-25

20 - 30

25 – 35

0.84 – 3.0

0.2 - 3.5

0.80 – 0.4

40 – 52

5 – 20

2500-4000

0.3-0.4

0.3-1.37

100-150

1160-1200

Project Descripti

esign shing urves tee

0

0

0

0

on

Sr. No.

1. 20

2. 20

3. 20

4. 20

5. 206. 20

7. 20

8. 20

9. 2010. 20

Sr. No. P

1. E

2. A

3. M

4. M

5. R

6. M

7. M

8. A

9. A

10. B

11. P

12. C

Year AGen

001-2002 24

002-2003 29

003-2004 31

004-2005 25

005-2006 30006-2007 29

007-2008 26

008-2009 25

010-2011 39011-2012 45

Particulars

Elevation ab

Ambient air t

Maximum dr

Minimum dry

Relative hum

Maximum %

Minimum %

Average %

Annual avera

Basic wind s

Prevailing wi

Climatic con

Ash neration Ash

varioa

manuba

47,850

98,773

13821

52086

05,001 90,879

66747

57760

95956 58236

Meteor

ove mean s

temperature

ry bulb – Deg

y bulb – Deg

midity

age rainfall,

speed, m/sec

ind direction

dition

Yearly

h Utilization by ous surrounding agencies for ufacturing of ashased products

592

5064

15112

38479

140055 158160

188930

206235.83

271601 383653

2.34

Table 2.8

rological D

ea level m

e

g. C

g. C

mm

c

n

Table 2.9

y Ash Utiliz

Ash Ut

Backfilling ofour captive

Vastan LigniteMine

72000

136,734

286381

210,505

161654 122408

56883

0

101122 41096

Data

North

Hot,

zation

tilization

f

e

For Misc. Work

Preof S

0

69608

1828

3,102

3292 4696

20934

44618

14678 33208

Chapter 2 : P

Values

50

45.6

37.50

4.4

87

33

71

1800 mm

44

– North, EaSouth-West

Humid and

eparation Sub Base

Tutili

0 72

2,771 21

10500 31

0 25

0 390 29

0 26

6905 257

8555 39278 45

Project Descripti

ast and t

dusty

% asutilizatTotal

ization

2592 29.2

4177 71.6

3821 100.0

52086 100.0

96158 100.090879 100.0

66747 100.0

760.00 100.0

95956 100.058236 100.0

on

sh tion

29

69

00

00

00 00

00

00

00 00

Sr

Sr. No.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

r. No. Part

1. Flas2. Visc3. Pou4. Ash 5. Free6. Sed7. Tota8. Calc9. Sod

10. Lead11. Van12. Carb14. App15. SP g

Paramete

Total susp

pH

Total hard

Calcium h

Magnesiu

Sodium h

Sulphate

Chloride a

Silica as S

P-Alkalinit

M-Alkalini

Total Diss

ticulars

sh point cosity @ 150

r point content by w

e Water contiments by w

al sulphur bycium ium d content adium bon residencroximate grogravity at 15

Ta

Raw W

ers

pended solid

dness as Ca

hardness as

um hardness

ardness as

as CaCO3 (p

as CaCO3(p

SiO2(ppm)

ty as CaCO3

ity as CaCO

solved Solids

Ta

Analys

C Maxi.

weight tent by volum

weight y weight

ce (Rams booss calorific

50C Max.

2.35

able 2.10

Water Analy

ds (ppm)

aCO3 (ppm)

CaCO3 (ppm

s as CaCO3

CaCO3 (ppm

ppm)

pm)

3 (ppm)

O3 (ppm)

s as CaCO3

able 2.11

sis of Fuel

D

me

ottom) value

ysis

m)

(ppm)

m)

(ppm)

Oil

Unit

Deg. C min. Cst 0C

% max. % max. % max. % max.

PPM PPM PPM PPM % wt

Kcal/kg

Chapter 2 : P

Value

1000

7.90

160

80

80

-

5

45

19

Nil

170

272

Furnace OMV2 (IS

618201

0.24

3010

407.

10,0.9

Project Descripti

Oil Grade S : 1593) 66 80

21 01 .0 25 .0

0.5 0 .2 .50 74 000

933

on

Sr. No.

Fly Ash 1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

1.6

1.7

1.8

1.9

1.10

Bottom 2.1

2.2

2.3

2.4

2.5

2.6

2.7

2.8

2.9

2.10

Ash Constit

Silica Alumina Iron oxide Titanium ox

Calcium ox

Magnessium

Sulphuric a

Alkalies Chloride Free Silica

Ash Silica Alumina Iron oxide Titanium ox

Calcium ox

Magnessium

Sulphuric a

Alkalies Chloride Free Silica

Ta

Anal

tuents

xide ide m oxide nhydride

xide ide m oxide nhydride

2.36

able 2.12

ysis of As

SiO2 Al2O3

Fe2O3

TiO2

CaO MgO SO3 Na2O/

Cl

SiO2 Al2O3

Fe2O3

TiO2

CaO MgO SO3 Na2O/

Cl

h

%

1

K2O

1

K2O

Chapter 2 : P

% By Weight

10.27-26.20 9.42-30.60 5.36-29.35 0.64-3.15

5.83-26.75 0.6-2.50

1.89-24.02 0.5-2.40 0.33-0.4

1.30-1.45

10.27-35.82

9.42-30.60

5.36-29.35

0.64-3.15

5.83-20.00

0.6-9.29

1.89-24.02

0.5-2.40

0.33-0.59

1.30-1.45

Project Descripti

t

on

Sr. No.

1

2

3

4

5

I

I

I

6

V

7

I

I

I

I

Description

Preliminary Invest

Site Development

I. Land cost

II. Site Develop

Steam Generator

Turbine Generato

Balance of Plant i

I. Mechanical

a. Ligniteincludi

b. Ash ha

c. Circula

d. Desalin

e. Other w

II. Electrical

a. Genera

b. Switch

c. Other w

III. Control & Ins

Civil Works

I. Access & Div

II. Ash disposa

III. Township &

IV. Raw water reconstruction

V. Plant Civil wELHS

External Lignite H

I. MGR

II. Rolling stock

III. Jetty, if appli

IV. Conveyors uequipment

tigation

t

pment

island

or island

ncluding ELHS

e handling plant ng limestone hand

andling plant

ating water system

nation plant, if app

works

ator Transformer

yard

works

strumentation

version of roads

l area developmen

Colony

eservoice & Temp & enabling works

works + Civil works

Handling system s

k & Locomotives

icable

upto Plant + ELHS

Ta

Estimate

F.C

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

dling. NA

NA

m NA

plicable

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

nt NA

NA

porary s

NA

s for NA

system

S

2.37

able 2.13

ed Project

Firm

EPC Cost

C. D.C.

A NA

A NA

A NA

A NA

A 90000.00

A 55000.00

A 49200.00

A 27500.00

A 20000.00

A 4000.00

A 1000.00

A 2500.00

A 21700

A 3500

A 5000

A 13200

Include

A 48400

A 400

A

A

A

A 48000

9000

Cost

med-up (All Figure

Non EP

F.C.

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

Not applic

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

ed in SG and STG

NA

0

NA

0

Not

NA

Chapter 2 : P

es in Rs. Millions)

PC Cost

D.C. F

50

2050

2050

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

cable

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

G island costs abo

1750

0

0

100

1650

0

t applicable

Project Descripti

Total

F.C. D.C.

NA 50

NA 2050

NA 0

NA 2050

NA 90000.00

NA 55000.00

NA 58200

NA 27500

NA 20000

NA 4000

NA 1000

NA 2500

NA 21700

NA 3500

NA 5000

NA 13200

ove

NA 50150

NA 400

NA 0

NA 100

NA 1650

NA 48000

9000

9000

on

0

0

Sr. No.

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18 w

19 A

20

21

22

23

24

25

I

I

26

27

Description

External Water Su

FGD Plant (if app

Erection, testing &of equipment cost

Contingency, Ovefee for EPC

Initial Spares

Establishment/con

Freight, Insurancefor F&I , @11.49%Service tax

Training LS

Start up fuel LS

Legal Expenses

Consultancy & Enworks cost

Audit & Accounts

Contingencies on

Contingencies on

Construction insucost

Escalation @ 1 %

Project cost exclucosts

IDC & Financing c

I. Financing ex

II. Interest Duri

Total project cost cost

COST PER MW R

upply System

licable)

&commissioning @t

erheads, risk & tur

nstruction supervis

e, Taxes and dutie% for D&T,10,30 %

ngineering @ 0.5 %

-LS

EPC works @ 0.5

non EPC works @

rance @ 0.5 % of

% of total hard cos

uding IDC and fina

cost

xpenses

ng Construction

including IDC, fina

Rs. Crores/ MW

F.C

@ 10 % NA

rnkey

NA

sion -LS NA

es @ 3.0 %

NA

NA

NA

NA

% of NA

NA

5 % NA

@ 1.5 % NA

Works `

st NA

ancing

NA

NA

NA

ancing NA

2.38

Firm

EPC Cost

C. D.C.

A NA

A 5080

A NA

A 37654

A NA

A NA

A NA

A NA

A NA

A 3715.2

A NA

1302.65

A NA

A NA

A NA

A NA

A NA

med-up (All Figure

Non EP

F.C.

Not applic

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

6.97

Chapter 2 : P

es in Rs. Millions)

PC Cost

D.C. F

cable

20320

18075

3500

NA

500

5000

50

1302.65

750

NA

494.665

329.7765

384199

33922

1441

32481

418121

7

Project Descripti

Total

F.C. D.C.

NA 20320

18075

NA 5080

NA 3500

NA 37654

0 500

NA 5000

50

NA 1302.65

750

NA 3715.2

494.665

1302.65

329.7765

NA 384199

NA 33922

NA 1441

NA 32481

NA 418121

on

5

5

5

5

3.1

CChhaapptteerr 33

DDeessccrriippttiioonn ooff tthhee EEnnvviioorrnnmmeenntt

The baseline status of environmental quality in the vicinity of project site serves

as the basis for identification, prediction and evaluation of impacts. The baseline

environmental quality is assessed through field studies within the impact zone for various

components of the environment, viz. air, noise, water, land, biology and socio-economic.

The baseline environmental quality has been assessed during winter (2011-12) in a study

area of 15 km radial distance in and around the proposed project site.

3.1 Air Environment 3.1.1 Design of Network for Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations

The air quality status in the impact zone is assessed through a network of

ambient air quality monitoring locations. The tropical climatic conditions mainly control the

transport and dispersion of air pollutant emissions during various seasons. This transport

and dispersion is minimal during the winter season when compared with other seasons;

the winter season is therefore considered ‘critical’ in this context.

The baseline studies for air environment include identification of specific air

pollutants prior to implementation of the project. The Rapid Environmental Impact

Assessment (REIA) study requires monitoring of baseline air quality during one season.

Accordingly, air quality monitoring was carried out in the winter season. The baseline

status

progra

3.1.2

enviro

locatio

3.1.3

of Ce

Stand

carried

close

site.

guidel

polluti

param

Ammo

(NMH

in Tab

repres

Mang

interfe

wind d

and cl

s of the air

am, which is

• To

• Re

• De

• Loc

• Re

• Re

Reconn

Reconna

onment in t

ons (Fig. 3.1

Method

The amb

ntral Pollutio

ards (NAAQ

d out at 14

to the proje

AAQM loc

lines of CP

on in an

meters such

onia (NH3),

C) were mo

The met

ble 3.1.2.

A temp

sentative air

rol, keeping

erence with

direction, tem

loud cover w

environmen

s planned ba

pography/te

egional syno

ensely popula

cation of sur

epresentation

epresentation

naissance

aissance w

the study r

1.1) were se

dology for A

bient air qua

on Control B

QS) of CPC

locations. T

ct site and i

cations were

PCB guidelin

industrial d

as PM10, P

Carbon Mo

nitored on s

thods used f

orary labor

r samples.

g the senso

the nearby

mperature a

was recorded

t is assesse

ased on the f

errain of the s

ptic scale cli

ated areas w

rrounding ind

n of regional

n of valid cro

was underta

egion. Four

lected based

Ambient A

ality monitori

Board (CPC

CB May 199

The maximu

n the study

monitored o

ne to deter

eveloped r

PM2.5 ,Oxide

onoxide (CO

site.

for sampling

ratory was

An automat

ors free ex

structures.

nd relative h

d manually f

3.2

ed through

following crit

study area

imatological

within the reg

dustries

l background

oss-sectiona

aken to est

rteen Ambie

d on guidelin

Air Quality

ng was carr

CB) June 19

4. Ambient

m numbers

area of 10 k

on 24 hourly

rmine a fine

egion. The

es of Nitrog

O), Methan

g and analys

setup at

tic weather

xposed to t

The micro-m

humidity wer

for the study

Chapter 3 :

a systemati

teria :

normals

gion

d

al distribution

tablish the

ent Air Qua

nes of netwo

Monitoring

ied out in ac

98 and Nati

Air Quality

of sampling

km radial dis

y basis for tw

er cross-sec

convention

gen (NOx),

e and Non

sis of differen

Mangrol fo

monitoring

he atmosph

meteorologic

re collected

y period.

Description of

ic air quality

n in downwin

baseline s

ality Monito

ork sitting cr

g

ccordance w

ional Ambie

Monitoring

g locations w

stance aroun

wo days in a

ctional distr

nal and pro

Sulphur di

n-Methane H

nt air polluta

or chemical

station was

here and w

cal data like

using the we

the Environme

y surveillanc

nd direction

status of a

oring (AAQM

iteria.

with guideline

nt Air Quali

(AAQM) wa

were selecte

nd the proje

a week as pe

ibution of a

oject specif

Oxide (SO2

Hydrocarbon

ants are give

analysis o

s installed a

with minimu

e wind speed

eather statio

ent

ce

air

M)

es

ty

as

ed

ct

er

air

fic

2),

ns

en

of

at

m

d,

on

proces

conce

NMHC

3.1.4

import

preva

of air

projec

princip

disper

(atmo

Indian

Surat

the ra

norma

0.254

variati

were p

repres

tempe

humid

NE se

range

duratio

3.1.5

(5 Km

They

study

The valu

ssed for arit

entration are

C are presen

Micro-M

The stud

tance to und

iling microm

pollutants. T

ct site will d

pal variable

rsion (avera

spheric stab

Climatol

n Meteorolog

is the neare

ange of 4.4o

al annual ra

cm in a da

ion in predo

predominant

The mo

sentative of

erature varie

dity was in th

ector. The c

1-19 km/h

on during wi

Baselin

The amb

m radius) an

represent th

area.

ues of PM10,

hmetic mea

presented i

nted in Table

Meteorolog

dy of micro-

derstand the

meteorology a

The persiste

decide the d

es which af

ge wind spe

bility) and als

ogical Table

gical Depar

est meteorol

C-45.6oC. A

infall of 120

ay) was 46.8

minant wind

t in the winte

onths of D

f winter se

ed in the ran

he range of

lam conditio

for most of

inter season

ne Status

bient air qua

nd buffer zon

he cross se

PM2.5 and g

n, standard

n Tables 3.e 3.1.10.

gy of the A

meteorologi

e variations

at project sit

nce of the p

direction an

ffect the m

eed and dire

so topograph

es of Obser

rtment, were

logical obse

Annual rainfa

09.4 mm. Th

8. The annu

d direction w

er season.

ecember J

eason. It is

nge of 3.4oC

33.1% - 65

on is 12% in

f the days a

n. Windrose

ality status o

ne area (10

ectional distr

3.3

gaseous poll

deviation, m

1.2-3.1.9. Th

Area

cal condition

in ambient

te plays a cr

predominant

nd extent of

micrometeoro

ections), con

hy of the are

rvatories in

e used to o

rvatory to th

all varied in

he annual a

al average w

as observed

anuary and

s referred t

C and 30.4oC

%. The pred

n winter sea

and cloudles

diagram pre

bserved dur

0 km radius)

ribution of t

Chapter 3 :

utants at mo

minimum con

he spot conc

ns of a part

air quality s

rucial role in

wind directio

f the air po

ology are h

nvective tran

ea towards lo

India (1951

obtain histor

he project sit

the range o

average of r

wind speed

d at Surat. W

d February

that minimu

C respectivel

dominant wi

son. The wi

ss sky is ob

esent in Fig.

ring winter se

) is presente

he baseline

Description of

onitoring loc

ncentration, m

centrations o

icular region

status in tha

n transport a

on and wind

llution impa

horizontal t

nsport and v

ocal influenc

-1980), pub

rical data fo

te. Tempera

of 363.0-229

rainy days (r

was 8.9 km

Winds from th

are consid

um and ma

ly. Monthly m

ind direction

ind speed re

served of 8

3.1.2.

easons in co

ed in Tables air quality

the Environme

ations were

maximum

of CO and

n is of utmo

at region. Th

nd dispersio

d speed at th

ct zone. Th

ransport an

vertical mixin

ces.

blished by th

or the regio

ature varied

98.7 mm wit

rainfall abov

m/h. Season

he N-E secto

dered to b

aximum dai

mean relativ

n from NW, N

emains in th

80-58% of th

ore zone are

s 3.1.1-3.1.status of th

ent

st

he

on

he

he

nd

ng

he

n.

in

th

ve

al

or

be

ily

ve

N,

he

he

ea

5.

he

3.1.5.

respec

at and

unpav

stipula

(Tableand lo

observ

3.1.5.2

averag

conce

lowes

was f

levels

is 80

major

lower

for we

import

the le

media

given

respec

due to

conce

stipula

contai

such

wood

1 Particula

The av

ctively (Tabd lowest at

ved road etc

ated standar

The ave

e 3.1.3). Th

owest at Sh

ved within st

2 Gaseou

The ave

ge concent

entration am

t concentrat

found at Va

of gaseous

µg/m3 and f

Atmosph

sink in the

level of the

eeks. Amm

tant in neutr

vels of amm

a and analyz

in Table ctively which

o industrial a

entration wa

ated standar

Carbon

ining carbon

as petrol, g

can be use

ate Matter

erage PM1

le 3.1.3). Th

among the

c. The PM10

rds for NAAQ

erage PM2.5

e highest co

hah-Navpara

tipulated sta

s Pollutants

erage conce

tration of N

mong all the

tion of SO2 w

sravi and lo

s pollutants w

for NOx is 8

heric ammon

atmosphere

atmosphere

onia is the

ralizing acid

monia in air

ze by wet c

3.1.3. The

h may be at

activities. H

as observed

rds (400 µg/

monoxide is

n are burned

as, coal an

d for cookin

0 concentra

he highest c

locations m

concentrati

QS (24 hour

5 concentrat

oncentration

a location. T

andards for N

s

entration of

NOx ranged

locations o

was found in

owest conce

were below

80 µg/m3).

nia (NH3) is

e is by wet d

e is a few ho

major base

ic species s

, samples w

chemical me

e average

ttributed to

igher conce

at Surali.

/m3).

s a colorless

d with an in

d wood gen

ng and heati

3.4

ations varie

concentration

monitored wh

ons for all lo

rly PM10=10

tion ranged

n among all

The PM2.5 c

NAAQS (24

f SO2 rang

d between

of SO2 was

n Luwara an

entration of

the stipulat

s a pollutant

eposition. T

ours, though

e present i

such as SO2

were collecte

ethod. The

concentrati

emissions fr

ntrations we

However, a

and odorles

sufficient su

nerate emiss

ing in applia

Chapter 3 :

ed in the

n among the

hich may be

ocations we

00 µg/m3).

between 1

the location

concentration

hourly PM2

ed between

31-44 µg/m

found at M

nd for NOx t

NOx was f

ed CPCB st

which is hi

The residenc

in the calm

n the atmo

2, H2SO4, H

ed by passin

observed va

on ranged

rom animal

ere recorded

all these va

ss gas. It is

upply of air.

sions of car

ances like st

Description of

range of

e locations w

e due to win

ere observed

7-28 µg/m3

ns was obse

ns for all lo

2.5 =60 µg/m

n 17-28 µg

m3 respectiv

Mangrol and

the highest

found in Na

tandards (24

ighly soluble

ce time of am

environmen

osphere and

NO3 and HC

ng air throu

alues at all

between

waste, and

d at Plant w

alues are w

formed whe

The combu

rbon monox

toves and ba

the Environme

52-71 µg/m

was observe

ndblown dus

d to be belo

3 respective

erved at Pla

ocations wer3).

g/m3 and th

vely. Highe

Vasravi an

concentratio

aniNaroli. Th

4 hourly SO

e in water, i

mmonia in th

nt it may exi

d is therefor

Cl. To asses

ugh absorbin

the location

49-66 µg/m

soil and als

whereas lowe

ell within th

en substance

ustion of fue

xide. Gas an

arbecues ad

ent

m3

ed

st,

ow

ely

nt

re

he

st

nd

on

he

O2

ts

he

st

re

ss

ng

ns

m3

so

er

he

es

els

nd

dd

to its

monox

collec

on the

are pr

locatio

NAAQ

3.1.5.3

prope

nature

proces

and ch

to hum

are co

manuf

(such

incine

expos

system

expos

enviro

direct

near p

in bio

rates

locatio

NAAQ

crust.

the air

contribution

xide pollutio

In orde

cted in tedlar

e principle o

resented in

ons varied b

Q (CO for 1 h

3 Particula

Airborne

rties. The co

e of emissio

ssing, and e

hemical tran

man health.

onsidered as

Lead (P

factured pro

as cars a

erators, utilit

sure, lead c

m, reproduc

sure also affe

onment and

discharge

point source

diversity, ch

in plants and

On visu

ons varied b

Q Standards

Arsenic

Inorganic fo

r by volcano

ns. Apart fr

n in urban a

er to asses

r bags and a

f infrared ra

Table 3.1.5between 0.23

hour: 02 mg

ate Associa

e particles ar

oncentration

ns to the at

exchange of

nsformations

Fossil fuel u

s important

Pb) is a m

oducts. The

and trucks)

ties, and lea

can adverse

ctive and dev

ects the oxy

accumulates

of waste st

es of lead de

hanges in co

d animals, a

alizing Tabbetween 0.0

(Pb : 1.0

(As) is a n

orms of arse

oes, weather

rom it, moto

and sub-urba

s the conc

analyzed w

diation at w

5. The obse

3 and 1.20

g/m3).

ated Toxic P

re important

ns and size d

mosphere, a

f air betwee

s. The elevat

utilization, su

t contributors

metal found

major sourc

) and indu

ad-acid batt

ely affect t

velopmental

ygen carrying

s in soils and

reams to w

emonstrate a

ommunity co

and neurolog

le 3.1.4. it

08 and 0.40

ug/m3).

aturally occ

enic are foun

ring of arsen

3.5

or vehicles a

an environm

centration of

ithin 24 hrs

avelengths

erved carbo

mg/m3, whic

Pollutants

t carriers of

distributions

as well as ra

en the bound

ted metal co

uch as vehic

s.

naturally i

ces of lead e

strial sourc

tery manufa

he nervous

l systems a

g capacity o

d sediments

water bodies

a wide rang

omposition,

gical effects

is observed

0 ug/m3 and

curring elem

nd throughou

nic-containin

Chapter 3 :

are also the

ent.

f carbon m

by carbon m

near 4.7 mic

n monoxide

ch are within

metals, som

of trace me

ates of wet a

dary layer a

oncentrations

cular exhaus

in the envi

emissions h

ces includes

acturers. De

s system, k

nd the card

of the blood.

s through de

s, mining, an

e of adverse

decreased

in vertebrate

d that lead

d are within

ment widely

ut the enviro

g minerals a

Description of

e main sour

monoxide, s

monoxide an

crons. The

e concentrat

n the permis

me of which

etals are gov

and dry dep

and the free

s, can pose

st and lubric

ironment as

have been m

s lead sme

epending on

kidney funct

iovascular s

Lead is pe

position from

nd erosion.

e effects inc

growth and

es.

concentrati

the permiss

distributed i

onment; it is

and ores, an

the Environme

rce of carbo

amples wer

nalyzer base

results of C

tion at all th

ssible limits o

possess tox

verned by th

position, clou

tropospher

a serious ris

cant residue

s well as

motor vehicle

elters, wast

n the level o

tion, immun

system. Lea

rsistent in th

m air source

Ecosystem

cluding losse

d reproductiv

on at all th

sible limits o

in the earth

released int

d commerci

ent

on

re

ed

O

he

of

xic

he

ud

e,

sk

s,

in

es

te

of

ne

ad

he

s,

ms

es

ve

he

of

h’s

to

al

or ind

Other

an ar

arsen

pain) a

arsen

observ

shown

such a

coins,

make

combu

Respi

who b

lung,

betwe

India f

group

mainly

other

natura

as nat

are m

to be

and g

atmos

gover

transp

conce

are wi

dustrial proc

air sources

rsenic wood

ic dust or fu

and nervous

ic can caus

ved arsenic

n in Table 3

Nickel is

as iron, cop

jewelry, an

stainless s

ustion, nick

ratory effec

breathed ver

nasal and s

een 4.1-13.9

for Ni: 20 ng

BaP is t

of organic

y as a resu

anthropoge

al gas, comb

tural proces

major contrib

incorporated

generally ex

sphere. Part

ning the fa

port and rem

entration at a

ithin the perm

cesses. Meta

s of inorgani

d preservat

umes can c

s system dis

se irritation o

concentrati

.1.4. The pe

s a naturally

per, chromiu

nd items suc

steel. Nicke

kel metal re

ts are asso

ry large amo

inus cancers

9 ng/m3 and

g/m3 (Table 3

the most we

compounds

lt of incomp

enic activities

bustion of re

sses such as

utors of PAH

d onto parti

xist in the

ticle sizes w

te of BaP

moval of the

all the locati

missible limi

al smelters

c arsenic ex

ive. Acute

cause gastro

sorders. Chr

of the skin

ons at all th

ermissible lim

occurring e

um, and zinc

ch as valve

el can be

efining, sew

ciated with

ounts of nick

s. The obse

were withi

3.1.4).

ell known po

s with two o

plete combu

s include p

efuse, vehic

s forest fires

Hs, includin

culates duri

particle ph

will be mostly

in the atmo

se small pa

ons varied b

its of NAAQ

3.6

release ele

xposure incl

(short-term)

ointestinal e

ronic (long-te

and mucous

he locations

mits of NAAQ

element and

c, to form al

es and heat

released in

wage sludge

chronic exp

kel compoun

erved Ni con

n the permi

olycyclic aro

or more fuse

ustion of org

rocessing o

cle traffic, co

s. Motor veh

g benzo[a]p

ng cooling a

hase at no

y <2.5 μm i

osphere are

rticles from

between 0.0

Standards o

Chapter 3 :

vated inorga

lude burning

) high-level

effects (naus

erm) inhalat

s membrane

were below

Q Standards

can be com

lloys. These

exchangers

nto ambient

e incinerati

posure to ni

nds develope

ncentration a

issible limits

omatic hydro

ed aromatic

ganic materi

of coal and

ooking and t

hicle exhaust

pyrene, to at

and condens

ormal ambie

n aerodyna

e the same

the atmosp

04 and 0.13

of India (BaP

Description of

anic arsenic

g of plywood

inhalation

sea, diarrhe

ion exposur

es and lung

w detection l

(As : 06 ng

mbined with

e alloys are u

s. Most nick

t air from

on, and ot

ickel in the

ed chronic b

at all the loc

s of NAAQ

ocarbon (PA

rings. PAH

ials during i

crude oil, c

tobacco smo

t and their r

tmosphere.

sation in the

ent tempera

mic diamete

e processes

phere. The o

ng/m3 (TabP : 01 ng/m3

the Environme

c into the a

d treated wit

exposure t

ea, abdomin

e to inorgan

g cancer. Th

imit (BDL) a

g/m3).

other metal

used to mak

kel is used t

oil and co

ther source

air. Worke

bronchitis an

cations varie

Standards o

AH) in a larg

Hs are forme

industrial an

combustion o

oking, as we

re-suspensio

BaP will ten

e atmospher

atures in th

er. Processe

s that gover

observed Ba

ble 3.1.4) an3).

ent

ir.

th

to

al

nic

he

as

s,

ke

to

al

s.

rs

nd

ed

of

ge

ed

nd

of

ell

on

nd

re

he

es

rn

aP

nd

Level

source

hydroc

and n

tanks

analyz

Hydro

found

was ra

and lo

conce

Volati

compo

anthro

photoc

peroxy

as sig

BTEX

observ

VOCs

contrib

produ

s of Hydroc

Hydroca

es. Natural

carbon com

natural fires.

and from so

zed by HC

ocarbons we

in Wastan

anged betwe

owest at Us

entration was

ile Organic

The mon

ounds (VO

opogenic so

chemical re

yacethyl nitr

gnificant air p

X analyzer w

ved concen

s, benzene

bution of ve

ct etc.

carbons in A

arbons prese

l sources

mes from geo

The anthro

oild waste d

C Direct a

ere varied

and lowest

een 0.15-0.9

shker-Ramk

s found at P

Compound

no-aromatic

Cs). VOCs

urces. Due

eactions wh

rate, free rad

pollutants. T

within 24 hou

ntration of V

is regarded

ehicular traf

Ambient Ai

ent in atmos

of hydroca

othermal are

opogenic so

isposal etc.

analyzer w

between 0.

concentratio

93ppm and

kund. N-CH4

lant. Table 3

ds

hydrocarbo

s in ambie

to their toxi

hich produc

dicals and n

The samples

urs. The lev

VOCs repor

as carcinog

ffic plying o

3.7

r

sphere are f

arbons are

eas, coal fie

urce include

The sample

within 24hou

69-1.75µg/m

on was foun

highest conc

4 was range

3.1.5.

on like Benze

ent air orig

city and dan

ce seconda

nitrogen oxid

s were collec

vels of VOC

rted as ben

gen to hum

on the road

Chapter 3 :

from both na

from biol

elds natural

es transporta

es were colle

urs. The c

m3. The hig

nd in Vasrav

centration w

ed between

ene is consi

ginate from

ngerous che

ary air poll

des in ambie

cted in Tedl

s are prese

nzene 0.11-

mans. Their

ds, domestic

Description of

atural and a

ogical sour

gas from pe

ation, emiss

ected in Ted

concentratio

ghest conce

vi. The CH4

was found at

n 0.30-1.30

idered as vo

m various b

emicals that

utants such

ent air, they

ar bags and

nted in Tab-1.13 ug/m3

occurrence

c combustio

the Environme

anthropogen

rces, thoug

etroleum fie

sion from fu

dlar bags an

ons of Tot

entration wa

concentratio

New Wasta

ppm highe

olatile organ

biogenic an

participate

h as ozon

are regarde

d analyzed b

ble 3.1.4. Th

. Among th

indicates th

on, petroleu

ent

nic

gh

ld

el

nd

tal

as

on

an

st

nic

nd

in

e,

ed

by

he

he

he

m

Fig. 3.1.

Tadke

Panetha Shethi

.1 : Samplin

Ushk

eshwar

Asolda

Noga

ng Location

ker Ramkund

Nani Naroli

Surama

Luwara

3.8

ns for Ambie

Dun

Chareth

Wastan

rali

Mo M

Dharampu

Togapur

A

B

C

D

Chapter 3 :

ent Air Qua

ngri Borsad

Shah

Bo

ota Miya Mangrol

ur

5 km

Description of

lity Locatio

Vasravi

origala

Tuk

10

the Environme

ons

ked

km

N

ent

N

Figg. 3.2. : Wi

ndrose Dia

3.9

agram dur

Chapter 3 :

ing Winter

Description of

r Season

the Environmeent

S

* D

D

Sr. No. Sa

Core Zon1. Pla

2. Gu

3. Du

4. Sh

5. Su

6. Wa

7. Na

8. No

Buffer Zo9. Ma

10. Ta

11. Lu

12. Va

13. Us

14. As

Direction and

Details of A

ampling locat

ne ant Side

uest House

ungri

hah-Navapar

urali

astan

ani Naroli

ogama

one angrol

adkeshvar

wara

asravi

shker-Ramku

sodla

d distance w

T

Ambient Air(W

tion D

ra

und

w.r.t. the prop

3.10

Table 3.1.1

r Quality MWinter 2011

irection*

-

-

SEE

NNE

NNW

NNW

SW

NNW

NE

SW

NNW

NNE

WSW

NNW

posed projec

Chapter 3 :

Monitoring 1)

Approx. ADistanc

(km)

-

3.5

2.0

4.0

4.3

2.5

3.2

5.2

5.2

2.0

3.5

5.6

9.3

8.7

ct site

Description of

Locations

Aerial ce* )

SamH

the Environme

s

mpling eight (m)

3

6

3

4

6

5

3

6

6

4

3

3

6

4

ent

Sr. No.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

Te

Parame

Particulmicrons

Particulthan 2.5

Sulphur

Oxides

Carbon

Lead (P

Benzen

Benzo(a

Arsenic

Nickel (

echniques

eter

late Matter ss or PM10

late Matter s5 microns or

r Dioxide (SO

of Nitrogen

Monoxide (

Pb) (μg/m³)

ne (μg/m³)

a) Pyrene

c(As), (ng/ m

(Ni) ,( ng/ m³

T

s Used for A

size < 10

size less r PM2.5

O2)

(NOX)

(mg/m3)

m³)

³)

3.11

Table 3.1.2

Ambient A

Monitorin

Gravimet

Gravimet

EPA Imp

Modified

Non DispSpectros

AAS/ICP2000

Gas Chroanalyzer

Solvent EAnalysis

AAS/ICP2000 or e

AAS/ICP2000 or e

Chapter 3 :

Air Quality

ng Techniqu

tric

tric

proved West

Jacobs-Hac

persive infra scopy

P method for

omatograph

Extraction Fo

P method foequivalent fi

P method foequivalent fi

Description of

Monitoring

e

and Gaeke

chheiser Me

red (NDIR)

r sampling on

y based con

ollowed by H

r sampling olter paper

r sampling olter paper

the Environme

g

Method

ethod

n EPM

ntinuous

HPLC/GC

on EPM

on EPM

ent

Unit:

Sr.No

Co

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

Bu

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

μg/m3

. .

Monitorin

re Zone

Plant Sid

Guest Ho

Dungri

Shah-Nav

Surali

Nani Naro

Wastan

Nogama

ffer Zone

Mangrol

Tadkeshv

Luwara

Vasravi

Ushker-R

Asodla

Ambient A

ng locations

e

ouse

vapara

oli

var

Ramkund

T

Air Quality (W

PM10

71±11(49-83)58±7

(51-72)

59±15(34-76)

52±7 (40-62)

65±7 (62-77)

64±9 (54-78)

59±12 (30-72)

65±12(40-82)

63±6(54-70)

54±7(44-63)

69±7(63-85)

67±15(39-84)

63±9(51-75)

54±6(45-65)

3.12

Table 3.1.3

Status witWinter 2011

PM2.5

37±4

(30-45)

36±2(32-39)

33±8(23-46)

23±1 (21-25)

27±6 (20-38)

31±5 (22-38)

32±6 (23-41)

34±8(23-46)

36±5(25-42)

30±8(20-44)

28±7(21-39)

29±6(23-36)

32±4(24-36)

28±5(23-36)

Chapter 3 :

thin the Stu1)

SO2

(Average ±(Range

) 25±2

(23-28

) 22±2

(19-25

) 24±1

(22-25

) 26±1

(25-28

) 26±2

(24-29

) 24±1

(22-25

) 29±2

(25-30

) 24±1

(22-25

) 28±1

(26-29

) 24±1

(23-25

) 17±2

(15-19

) 28±2

(25-30

) 18±1

(16-19

) 23±2

(20-25

Description of

udy Area

Av

NOx

± SD) e)

) 34±1

(32-36

)

38±1(36-39

) 36±2

(34-39

)

38±1(36-39

)

42±1(40-44

)

31±6(24-41

)

39±1(37-40

) 32±9

(21-46

) 37±9

(23-45

) 33±5

(26-41

) 32±1

(30-34

) 44±2

(40-45

) 39±1

(38-40

) 42±1

(40-43

the Environme

verage. : 24 h

NH3

6) 66±2

(63-6

9)

65±3(59-6

2 9)

54±7(40-6

9)

53±4(44-5

4)

49±7(40-6

6 1)

57±5(51-6

0)

53±1(39-74

9 6)

52±6(43-6

9 5)

51±6(42-5

5 1)

51±6(43-6

4)

53±6(43-6

2 5)

52±6(41-5

0)

54±5(44-6

3)

54±5(42-6

ent

rs

3

2 9)

3 9)

7 7)

4 9)

7 1)

5 8)

0 4)

6 0)

6 9)

6 2)

6 3)

6 9)

5 1)

5 0)

L

Levels of P

Sr. No.

Core 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

9.

Buffe

8.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

N

Particulate

Monitoring

Zone Plant Side

Guest Hous

Dungri

Shah-Nava

Surali

Nani Naroli

Wastan

Nogama

er Zone

Mangrol

Tadkeshvar

Luwara

Vasravi

Ushker-Ram

Asodla

NAAQM(200

T

Associate(W

locations

se

para

r

mkund

09)

3.13

Table 3.1.4

ed (Pb, Ni, Winter 2011

Particulat

Pb (µg/m3) (µ

0.32

0.19

0.19

0.11

0.34

0.21

0.40

0.18

0.15

0.14

0.06

0.08

0.09

0.10

1

Chapter 3 :

As and Ba1)

te associate

Ni µg/m3)

A(µg

4.56 N

5.9 N

5.5 N

4.1 N

13.9 N

12.3 N

4.32 N

6.7 N

5.1 N

8.5 N

6.7 N

6.8 N

5.6 N

3.4 N

20 0.

Description of

aP) Toxic P

ed pollutants

As g/m3)

BaP(µg/m

ND 0.1

ND 0,0

ND 0.1

ND 0.04

ND 0.1

ND 0.1

ND 0.1

ND 0.0

ND 0.1

ND 0.0

ND 0.1

ND 0.0

ND 0.0

ND 0.0

.06 1

the Environme

Pollutants

P m3)

0

9

1

4

1

3

6

7

0

6

2

7

6

7

ent

SN

C

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

9

B

8

1

1

1

1

1

Sr. No. Monito

Core Zone

1. Plant S

2. Guest

3. Dungr

4. Shah-N

5. Surali

6. Nani N

7. Wasta

9. Nogam

Buffer Zone

8. Mangr

0. Tadke

1. Luwara

2. Vasrav

3. Ushke

4. Asodla

Levels o

oring location

Side

House

i

Navapara

Naroli

an

ma

e

rol

shvar

a

vi

er-Ramkund

a

T

of Gaseous(W

nsCO

(mg/m3

0.95

1.20

0.90

0.4

1.08

0.23

0.93

0.4

0.5

0.57

0.45

1.20

0.5

1.04

3.14

Table 3.1.5

s PollutantWinter 2011

3) Benzen(µg/m3

0.55

0.99

0.70

0.55

0.43

0.33

0.89

0.11

0.19

0.22

1.13

1.00

0.37

0.20

Chapter 3 :

ts in Ambie1)

S

ne 3)

CH4 (ppm)

0.38

0.44

0.31

0.40

0.42

0.30

0.93

0.25

0.65

0.25

0.39

0.39

0.15

0.30

Description of

ent Air

Spot concentra

N-CH4 (ppm)

1.30

1.10

0.77

1.10

1.05

1.20

0.82

1.08

0.38

1.05

0.65

0.30

1.28

1.01

the Environme

ation

HC (µg/m3)

1.68

1.54

1.08

1.5

1.47

1.5

1.75

1.33

1.03

1.3

1.04

0.69

1.43

1.31

ent

3.2

cause

huma

noise

age, h

on psy

3.2.1

GIPCL

their i

enviro

directi

for no

observ

area.

3.2.2

the en

huma

the pr

Ankale

GIPCL

3.2.3

Movem

Trucks

Noise Noise, o

es annoyanc

n environme

The imp

viz. noise le

health status

ychological a

Method

The obje

L Mangrol, G

mpact on th

onment were

• Rec

• Ide

• Me

• Me

The imp

ional change

oise environ

vations to id

Reconn

A reconn

nvironment w

n activities.

roject site a

eshwar tow

L from Kim C

Identific

A few s

ment of veh

s, buses, jee

Environmoften defined

ce, distracts

ent.

pact of noise

evel, freque

s, type of ac

and physiolo

dology and

ective of su

Gujarat, was

he human se

e conducted

connaissanc

entification an

easurement o

easurement o

pact due to

es dependin

ment have

dentify the m

naissance

naissance w

with respect

The potenti

are mainly d

wards Wanka

Chaukari tow

cation and

small scale

hicles at the

eps, matado

ment d as unwante

from work,

e on the hea

ency spectru

ctivity, occup

ogical state o

d Baseline

urvey of no

s to assess t

ettlements in

as follows:

ce

nd characte

of baseline n

of prevailing

noise does

ng upon the p

been carrie

major activit

was conducte

t to noise lev

al noise sou

due to traffic

al and vehic

wards Mang

d Characte

industries a

e highways

ors and two w

3.15

ed sound, in

and disturb

alth of an ind

um, annoyan

pational exp

of individual

Environme

ise pollution

the existing

n 10 km rad

rization of no

noise levels

g noise levels

s not underg

predominant

d out throug

ties contribu

ed with a vie

vels in surro

urces within

c density on

cular movem

rol.

rization of

are located

near the s

wheelers are

Chapter 3 :

terfaces with

bs sleep, thu

dividual depe

nce etc. and

posure etc. T

s.

ental Statu

n around th

levels of no

dial area. St

oise sources

in the study

s due to veh

go seasonal

t wind direct

gh reconnai

uting to nois

ew to establ

ounding villa

the 10 km r

n the State

ment on roa

f Noise Sou

in the study

site also con

e the mobile

Description of

h speech co

us deteriorat

ends on phy

d human fac

The impact

us

he proposed

oise, being g

tudies pertai

s

y area

hicular move

l variations

tion. The bas

issance follo

se levels wit

ish the base

ages and oth

radius study

Highway (S

ad that pass

urces

y area of 1

ntributes to

sources of

the Environme

ommunicatio

ting quality o

ysical dose o

ctors viz. se

also depend

d project sit

generated an

ining to nois

ments

except som

seline studie

owed by fie

thin the stud

eline status o

her centers o

y area aroun

SH-166) fro

ses infront

0 km radiu

noise level

noise.

ent

n,

of

of

x,

ds

e.

nd

se

me

es

ld

dy

of

of

nd

m

of

s.

s.

Chapter 3 : Description of the Project

3.16

3.2.4 Measurement of Baseline Noise Levels in the Study Area

Noise standards have been designated for different types of landuse, i.e.

residential, commercial, silence zones, as per ‘The Noise Pollution (Regulation and

Control) Rules, 2000, Notified by Ministry of Environment and Forests, New Delhi,

February 14, 2000’. Different standards have been stipulated during daytime (6 am to

10 pm) and nighttime (10 pm to 6 am). Equivalent noise levels (Leq) for a period of about

20 minutes have been measured at each monitoring location during daytime and

nighttime.

The background noise levels were measured using the Quest 1200/2200 Sound

Level Meter. The sampling locations were selected in the core zone (plant site area) and

buffer zone area (10 km radius). The sampling locations are shown in Fig. 3.2.1 and

noise levels during day time and night time for Residential, Commercial and Sensitive

area is shown in Tables 3.2.1-3.2.3 respectively.

The noise levels in the residential zone have been monitored. The Noise levels

ranged between 41-69 dBA during day time and 38-56 dBA during night time in core and

buffer zone. At the commercial zone the noise level ranged between 70.7-73 dBA during

day time and 59.6-64 dBA at night time as shown in Table 3.2.2.

Noise levels were also monitored in Schools, Primary Health Centres,

Hospitals and Temples in the study area i.e. Silence zone. The noise levels varied from

52-62.9 dBA during day time and 46-54.2 dBA during night time in core and buffer zone

as shown in Table 3.2.3.

The vehicular traffic was monitored at Mosali Chaukari during morning peak

hours. During survey period the traffic density was observed as 543 vehicles/ hour, out of

which heavy vehicles, medium, and light vehicles were 135, 163, and 245 respectively.

The equivalent noise levels on the road side were observed in the range of

80.1-83.5 dBA.


3.17

Fig. 3.2.1 : Sampling Locations for Noise Monitoring

Shah

Surali

Mota Miya Mangrol

Luwara

Vasravi

Tuked

Borigala

Nogama

Charetha

Borsad Dungri

Wastan Shethi Panetha Asodla

Tadkeshwar

Ushker Ramkund

Nani Naroli

Dharampur

Togapur

5 km 10 km A

B

C

D

N

Mosali


3.18

Table 3.2.1

Noise Level in the Residential Area

Sr. No. Sampling Location Day Time Leq. (dBA)

Night Time Leq. (dBA)

Core Zone

1. Plant Side 41 37

2. Dungri 69 56

3. Surali 62 48

4. Shah-Navapara 60 50

5. Nani Naroli 49 45

6. Wastan 59 50.5

8. Nogama 45 38

Buffer Zone

7. Mangrol 66 54

9. Tadkeshvar 42 37

10. Luwara 56 49

11. Vasravi 59 47

12. Ushker-Ramkund 50 44

13. Asodla 66 55

14. Mosali 58.7 53.1


3.19

Table 3.2.2

Noise Level in Commercial Area

Sr. No. Sampling Location Day Time

dB(A) Night Time

dB(A)

1. Mosali Bazar 73.0 64.0

2. Mosali Chaukadi 72.3 63.1

3. Mangrol Bazar 70.7 59.6

Table 3.2.3

Noise Level in Sensitive Zone

Sr. No.

Sampling Location Day Time dB(A)

Night TimedB(A)

1. Near Referal Hospital,Mosali 60.6 54.2

2. Near High School, Mangrol 62.9 53.8

3. Near Primary School, Vasravi 59.4 51.5

4. Near Primary School, Dungari 52 46

Chapter 3 : Description of Environment

3.20

3.3 Water Environment In general any major industrial development project is expected to cause

impacts on water environment in two ways: one is stress on water resources (continuous

withdrawal of large quantities of water) and the other is pollution impacts through

discharge of effluents. These impacts may be related to either or both surface and

groundwater resources in the project area depending on the specific situation. To address

these issues it is necessary to take a stock of available water resources in project area

with respect to their existing quality as well as their supportive capacity to represent the

baseline status of water environment.

The existing water resources, both surface and groundwater with the

corresponding significance are identified within the study area (10 km radial distance)

around project site. The representative sampling locations for surface water and

groundwater are selected through reconnaissance to assess the existing status of water

quality in the impact zone. There are no surface water sources in form of canal/river/

reservoir/tank existing within 3 km area from the project site. Physico-chemical, nutrient,

Oxygen demand, bacteriological and biological parameters having relevance to public

health and aesthetic significance are selected to assess the water quality status with

special attention to raw water resource and the receiving body of the treated effluent

keeping in view the discharge from the proposed project. The standard methods (APHA,

AWWA 2007) prescribed for surface and groundwater sampling as well as the analytical

procedures for individual parameters is followed in this study.

3.3.1 Water Quality Survey

Keeping in view the existing activities at GIPCL related to water environment

and in the surrounding villages; the water quality survey has been planned through

identification of water resources and appropriate sampling locations for both surface and

ground water in study area depending on topography, surface runoff as well as natural

and manmade drainage/irrigation canal systems The prevailing status of water quality has

been assessed during winter season (December 2011). Two (2) sampling locations from

canal water of Kim river falling in study area have been identified for surface water quality

assessment. Groundwater sampling locations are selected in different villages around

GIPCL site based on topography, landuse and utility of groundwater in the study area.

The groundwater sampling has been identified at 9 locations (8 hand pumps and 1 bore

well) well distributed in the study area. Sampling locations for surface water and

groundwater quality monitoring are shown in Fig. 3.3.1 and are enlisted in Table 3.3.1.


3.21

The standard methods prescribed for surface and groundwater sampling preservation as

well as the analytical procedures for individual parameter is followed in this study.

3.3.2 Baseline Water Quality

Physico-chemical parameters alongwith biological indicators of pollution have

been identified for assessing the baseline status of water environment and identification

of impacts due to proposed developmental activities at project site. In order to assess the

water quality, standard methods (APHA, AWWA 2007) were followed for sample

collection, preservation and analysis in the laboratory.

3.3.2.1 Physico-chemical Characteristics

Surface Water

The surface water samples collected during winter seasons have been analyzed

for physico-chemical characteristics and the corresponding results are presented in

Tables 3.3.2-3.3.10. During study period covering winter season, the physico-chemical

parameters of canal water of river Kim showed moderate water quality in terms of

turbidity: 1-2 NTU and total suspended solids: 2-14 mg/l. Buffering capacity in terms of

alkalinity was found to be in the range of 152-164 mg/l, whereas pH was in the range of

7.7-8.1. Nutrient load in terms of Nitrates as N was in the range of 3.55-5.13 mg/l,

whereas total phosphates were 0.42-0.73 mg/l. Levels of DO and COD were observed to

be in the range of 6.2-6.5 mg/l and 6.2-8.0 mg/l respectively; whereas oil and grease was

found to be in the range of 3-6 mg/l. Heavy metals like nickel, cadmium, chromium,

copper, lead, iron, manganese, zinc and cobalt where found in the range of ND-0.1, ND,

ND-0.02, ND, ND, 1.21-1.98, 0.02-0.05, ND-0.01 and ND-0.01 mg/l respectively

Groundwater

The sampling locations of 11 groundwater resources (10 from hand pumps and

1 from bore well) are listed in Table 3.3.1 and illustrated in Fig. 3.3.1. The results

obtained for physico-chemical, inorganic parameters, nutrient, demand and organic

parameters, heavy metals, bacteriological and biological characteristics of groundwater

samples collected during winter season are presented in Tables 3.3.2-3.3.10. Results

obtained for physicochemical characteristics of groundwater during winter season are

summarized in Tables 3.3.2-3.3.5. In groundwater turbidity was found to be in the range

of <1-3 NTU while corresponding total suspended solids in the range of 1-2 mg/l. The

alkalinity as CaCO3, was found to be in the range of 92-346 mg/l whereas pH was in the

range of 7.0-8.1. Levels of DO and COD were found to be in the range of 3.8-6.1 and


3.22

<5 mg/l respectively. Heavy metals such as nickel, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead,

iron, manganese, zinc and cobalt were found to be in the range of ND-0.01, ND-0.01, ND-

0.01, ND-0.02, ND-0.01, 1.0-3.08, ND-0.41, ND-0.52 and ND-0.03 mg/l respectively.

3.3.2.2 Bacteriological Characteristics

The presence of coliform group of organisms in water is recognized as evidence

of faecal pollution. Surface and ground water samples were collected in sterilized bottles

in winter season which were preserved and analyzed for total and faecal coliforms at

laboratory by membrane filtration technique.

The results of bacteriological analysis of surface and ground water samples are

presented in Table 3.3.6. During study period covering winter season, samples from

canal water of river Kim showed total coliform counts varying from 45-110 CFU/100 ml

and the faecal coliform counts varied from 18-35 CFU/100ml (Tables 3.3.6); whereas the

groundwater samples indicated presence of total coliform as 20-90 CFU/ 100 ml and

faecal coliforms as 6-22 CFU/ 100 ml. Groundwater samples are found to be faecally

contaminated and hence need chlorination before consumption.

3.3.2.3 Biological Characteristics

The nature and population of biological species in water depends on physico-

chemical characteristics, i.e. pH conductivity, alkalinity, BOD, nutrient etc. and also

depends on the nature of the water body, i.e. dynamic or static as well as fresh or saline

water. Thus, the type and number of plankton species may serve as indicators of physico-

chemical quality and tropic levels of water body.

Standard procedures were adopted for zooplankton and phytoplankton counts.

Analysis of zooplankton is done by Sedwick-Rafter (SR) cell method whereas

phytoplanktons were estimated by Lacked drop (microtransect) method. The results of

phytoplankton and zooplankton are expressed as counts/ml and counts/m3 respectively.

In order to evaluate baseline biological characteristics, two samples were collected from

surface water bodies.

Species Composition

Organisms have been listed in standard publications according to increasing

trophic levels in aquatic environment. Similarly, many organisms have been listed to

favour certain physico-chemical conditions, viz. silicates for diatoms. The species

identified in different group/families of phytoplankton and zooplankton in water samples of

study area are listed in Tables 3.3.8 and 3.3.10.


3.23

Presence of desmids and Diatoms indicate clean water conditions. Dominance

of diatoms, protozoa, ciliates, chlorophyceae and cyanophyceae indicate progressively

increasing trophic conditions. Planktonic rotifers are usually more abundant in fresh

waters than in estuarine waters. It is believed that when crustacean such as copepoda,

cirripedia, ostracoda etc. insects outnumber other groups, the situation reflects enriched

organic content of water. Thus it is evident that presence of certain organisms also helps

in classifying waterbody into trophic levels based on its physico-chemical characteristics.

Species Diversity Diversity of plankton depends on physico-chemical characteristics of water or

rather the trophic levels. In oligotrophic waters, diversity of plankton is high, while in

mesotrophic and eutrophic conditions indicating increasing pollution loads, diversity of

plankton decreases. Shannon Weiner Index is a measure of diversity of plankton that

takes into account the total as well as individual species count in a water sample.

D = Σ - (ni/n) log2 (ni/n)

Where,

d = Shannon Weiner Diversity Index

ni = Number of each individual species in the sample

n = Total number of individuals of all species in the sample

It should be noted that the diversity is also susceptible to other parameters such

as turbidity, colour and flow rate particularly in hilly rivers. Thus, the results should be

interpreted with caution. A widely accepted ecological concept is that communities with

large number of species (i.e. with high diversity) will have high stability that can resist

adverse environmental factors. The maximum value of Shannon Weiner Index of

phytoplankton for clean waters has been reported to be around 6, though it may differ

slightly in different locations. Decrease in the value of index may thus be taken as

indicator of pollution.

Phytoplankton

Data generated for biological characteristics, pertaining to phytoplanktons are

presented in Tables 3.3.7-3.3.8. Total count represents approximate measure of quantity

of plankton in the water sample. Canal water of river Kim showed total phytoplankton

count in the range of 480-624 Nos./ml and Shannon Weiner Diversity Index in the range

of 2.93-3.28 (Tables 3.3.7). Bascillariophyceae was found to be the dominant group

present followed by Chlorophyceae and Cynophyceae. Phytoplankton species identified


3.24

are shown in Table 3.3.8. Groundwater samples showed absence of phytoplankton

population indicating that the groundwater quality is good. The use of diversity index is

not applicable for well waters, as the system differs from those of lakes and rivers. A

number of other factors such as limited light conditions and water withdrawal etc. do not

permit the plankton population to develop fully.

Zooplankton

In order to evaluate baseline biological characteristics pertaining to

zooplanktons for surface and ground waters, the data generated has been presented in

Tables 3.3.9-3.3.10. The canal water of river Kim showed total zooplankton count in the

range of 769-1308 nos/m³ and Shannon Weiner Index is in the range of 2.44-2.74 during

study period. Rotifera was the dominant group present followed by Copepoda and

Cladocera. Zooplankton species identified are presented in Table 3.3.10. Groundwater

showed absence of zooplankton species. Though no guideline value has been set for

presence of free living organisms in drinking water, it is desirable that these free living

organisms should be absent in drinking water. The potability of water may be

aesthetically affected due to presence of these organisms leading to alteration in its

colour, odour, taste, turbidity etc.


3.25

Ushker Ramkund


Asodla Panetha Shethi

Dungri

Charetha

Wastan

Borsad

Surali Nogama

Shah

Vasravi

Borigala

Tuked

Mota Miya Mangrol

Luwara

Dharampur

Togapur

5 km 10 km A

B

C

D

N

Fig. 3.3.1 : Water Quality Monitoring Locations in the Study


3.26

Table 3.3.1

Water Quality – Sampling Locations (Winter 2011)

Sr. No. Sampling Locations

Core Zone Surface Water Canal water 1. Near village Charetha

2. Near Village Nogama

Groundwater Handpump 1. Dungri

2. Nani Naroli

3. Near site area

4. Wastan

5. Surali

Buffer Zone Handpump 6. Vasravi

7. Borigala

8. Mangrol

9. Togapur

10. Shethi

Bore Well 11. Luwara


3.27

Table 3.3.2

Water Quality - Physical Parameters (Winter 2011)

Sr. No.

Sampling Locations

pH Tempe-rature

(OC)

Turbidity

(NTU)

Total suspended

solids (mg/l)

Total Dissolved

Solids (mg/l)

Conductivity

(μS/cm) Core Zone Surface Water Canal Water

1. Near village Charetha 8.1 24 1 14 246 310

2. Near village Nogama 7.7 24 2 2 242 370

Groundwater Handpump

3. Dungri 7.9 24 <1 1 712 1295 4. Nani Naroli 8.1 25 <1 1 826 1502 5. Near site area 8.1 25 1 1 915 1300 6. Wastan 7.8 24 1 2 755 1250 7. Surali 8.0 25 3 1 1125 1600

Buffer Zone Handpump

8. Vasravi 7.0 24 1 2 1200 2060 9. Borigala 7.1 25 1 2 496 730 10. Mangrol 7.8 25 <1 1 615 1050 11. Togapur 7.3 26 1 2 495 840 12. Shethi 7.1 25 <1 2 1158 1900

Bore Well 13. Luwara 7.2 24 1 2 1010 1450


3.28

Table 3.3.3

Water Quality- Inorganic Parameters (Winter 2011)

Sr. No.

Sampling Locations Total Alkalinity

Total Hardness

Calcium Hardness

Chloride Sulphate Sodium Pota-ssium

(as CaCO3)

(mg/l)

Core Zone Surface Water Canal water

1. Near village Charetha

164 134 36 14 16 34 1

2. Near village Nogama

152 104 64 23 9 45 1


3. Dungri 276 398 162 78 128 56 1

4. Nani Naroli 312 412 178 92 142 98 2

5. Near site area 334 498 118 68 160 68 1 6. Wastan 346 429 172 81 131 80 3

7. Surali 316 449 130 180 178 187 2


8. Vasravi 196 311 133 350 98 269 1

9. Borigala 218 300 92 58 28 47 1

10. Mangrol 258 336 161 105 64 75 1 11. Togapur 92 292 157 85 31 32 1

12. Shethi 104 494 181 169 194 115 1

Bore Well 13. Village Luwara 150 477 174 108 212 49 20


3.29

Table 3.3.4

Water Quality - Nutrient and Demand Parameters (Winter 2011)

Sr. No.

Sampling Locations Nitrate as N

Total Phosphates

Dissolved oxygen

Chemical Oxygen Demand

Oil & Grease

(mg/l)

Core Zone Surface Water Canal Water

1. Near village Charetha 5.13 0.42 6.2 6.2 6 2. Near village Navgama 3.55 0.73 6.5 8.0 3 Groundwater Handpump

3. Dungri 13.42 0.23 4.2 <5 - 4. Nani Naroli 28.67 0.36 4.6 <5 - 5. Near site area 22.26 0.49 4.5 <5 - 6. Wastan 11.28 0.39 5.1 <5 - 7. Surali 35.33 0.53 5.3 <5 -


8. Vasravi 39.22 0.10 3.8 <5 - 9. Borigala 20.20 0.19 5.4 <5 - 10. Mangrol 11.40 0.14 4.9 <5 - 11. Togapur 33.84 0.53 6.1 <5 - 12. Shethi 9.42 0.75 4.0 <5 - Bore Well 13. Village Luwara 20.02 0.45 5.9 <5 -


3.30

Table 3.3.5

Water Quality-Heavy Metals (Winter 2011)

Sr. No.

Sampling Locations Ni Cd Cr Cu Pb Fe Mn Zn Co

(mg/l)


1. Near village Charetha 0.01 ND ND ND ND 1.98 0.05 ND ND 2. Near village Nogama ND ND 0.02 ND ND 1.21 0.02 0.01 0.01 Groundwater Handpump

3. Dungri ND ND ND 0.01 ND 1.32 0.02 0.16 ND 4. Nani Naroli ND ND ND 0.01 ND 2.36 0.05 0.21 ND 5. Near site area ND ND ND ND ND 1.05 ND 0.20 ND 6. Wastan ND ND 0.01 0.01 ND 1.99 0.41 ND 0.03 7. Surali ND 0.01 ND ND ND 2.18 0.41 0.36 ND


8. Vasravi 0.01 ND ND ND ND 2.24 0.04 0.52 ND 9. Borigala ND ND 0.01 ND ND 1.28 0.01 0.01 0.01 10. Mangrol ND ND ND 0.02 ND 2.25 ND 0.40 ND 11. Togapur ND ND ND ND 0.01 3.08 ND ND ND 12. Shethi ND ND ND 0.01 ND 1.58 0.07 0.05 ND Bore Well 13. Luwara ND ND 0.01 ND ND 1.00 0.02 0.07 0.01

ND : Not Detectable


3.31

Table 3.3.6

Water Quality – Bacteriological Parameters

(Winter 2011)

Sr. No.

Sampling Locations Total Coliform

Faecal Coliform

Bacterial Genus

Enterococci Vibrio Salmonella Shigella

CFU/100ml CFU/ml


1. Near village Charetha 110 35 ND 3 2 ND

2. Near village Nogama 45 18 01 ND ND ND


3. Dungri 42 ND ND ND ND ND

4. Nani Naroli 65 ND ND ND ND ND

5. Near site area 30 ND ND ND ND ND

6. Wastan 85 17 ND ND ND ND 7. Surali 65 6 ND ND ND ND


8. Vasravi 70 19 ND 1 ND 1

9. Borigala 50 10 1 ND ND ND

10. Mangrol 90 15 ND ND ND 2

11. Togapur 85 22 3 ND ND ND 12. Shethi ND ND ND ND ND ND

Bore Well

13. Village Luwara 20 ND ND ND ND ND

ND : Not Detectable CFU : Colony Forming Unit


3.32

Table 3.3.7

Biological Parameters – Phytoplankton (Winter 2011)

Sr. No.

Sampling Locations Phytoplankton No/ml

% Composition of Algal Groups Shannon Wiener

Diversity Index Chloro-phyceae

Bascillario-phyceae

Cyno-phyceae


1. Near village Charetha 480 20 45 35 2.93 2. Near village Nogama 624 42 31 27 3.28


3. Dungri Nil - - - - 4. Nani Naroli Nil - - - -

5. Near site area Nil - - - -

6. Wastan Nil - - - -

7. Surali Nil - - - -


8. Vasravi Nil - - - - 9. Borigala Nil - - - -

10. Mangrol Nil - - - -

11. Togapur Nil - - - -

12. Shethi Nil - - - - Bore Well

13. Luwara Nil - - - -

Ranges of Shannon Wiener Diversity Index <1: Indicate maximum impact of pollution or adverse factor 1-2: Indicate medium impact of pollution or adverse factor >2: Indicate lowest or no impact of pollution or adverse factor


3.33

Table 3.3.8

Phytoplankton Species Observed in Water Sample (Winter 2011)

Chlorophyceae Bacillariophyceae Cyanophyceae

Ankistrodesmus sp. Navicula sp. Oscillatoria sp. Chlorococcum sp Nitzschia sp. Gomphosphaeria sp. Scenedesmus sp. Cyclotella sp. Chlorella sp. Synedra sp. Cosmarium sp. Pinnularia sp. Closterium sp. Cymbella sp. Chlamydomonas sp.


3.34

Table 3.3.9

Biological Parameters – Zooplankton (Winter 2011)

Sr. No.

Sampling Locations Total Zooplankton Count No/m3

% Composition of Algal Groups Shannon Wiener

Diversity Index Chloro-phyceae

Bascillario-phyceae

Cyno-phyceae


1. Near village Charetha 769 50 30 20 2.44 2. Near village Nogama 1308 47 29 24 2.74


3. Dungri Nil - - - - 4. Nani Naroli Nil - - - - 5. Near site area Nil - - - - 6. Wastan Nil - - - - 7. Surali Nil - - - -

Buffer Zone 8. Vasravi Nil - - - - 9. Borigala Nil - - - - 10. Mangrol Nil - - - - 11. Togapur Nil - - - - 12. Shethi Nil - - - - Bore Well 13. Luwara Nil - - - -

Ranges of Shannon Wiener Diversity Index <1: Indicate maximum impact of pollution or adverse factor 1-2: Indicate medium impact of pollution or adverse factor >2: Indicate lowest or no impact of pollution or adverse factor

Table 3.3.10

Zooplankton Species Identified in Water Samples

(Winter 2011)

Rotifera Copepoda Cladocera

Keratella sp. Nauplius larva Daphnia sp.

Brachionus sp. Cyclops sp. Camptocercus sp.

Lecane sp.

3.4

depen

field d

opera

perma

surrou

liquid

land e

cover

etc. A

landus

chang

during

(pre-p

the pr

patter

charac

propo

3.4.1

under

area i

depict

per M

3.4.2

type.

annua

range

Land EThe impa

nd on type/c

developmen

tion. In suc

anent chang

unding land

and solid wa

environment

in surround

Accordingly

se/landcove

ges in landus

g normal op

project) statu

roject area,

rn has been

cteristics (p

sed project

Reconn

Agricultu

r agriculture

s covered w

ted in Plates

oEF guidelin

Climate

The clim

Hot summe

al rainfall var

The mea

between 26

Environmacts of any m

category of

nt require la

ch case the

ge in land-

due to pollu

astes as we

t also depen

ding area, ec

for assess

r of identifie

se pattern a

peration of p

us of land e

characteriz

done throug

hysical, che

site for land

naissance

ure is the m

. Main Khar

with vegetab

s 3.4.1-3.4.2

nes, an area

e and Rain

mate of the s

er commenc

ries between

an annual te

6 to 43OC an

ment major develo

proposed d

and acquisit

e impacts o

-use pattern

ution discha

ll as subseq

nd on sever

cological or

sment of i

ed project sit

nd the corre

proposed pr

environment

ation of soi

gh census re

emical and

environmen

ain source o

rif crops are

bles. Cotton

2. The majo

a of 15 km ra

fall

study area r

ces in the m

n 300 to 120

emperature v

nd winter tem

3.35

opmental pr

evelopment

tion/procurem

on land env

n as well

arge in the fo

quent urbaniz

ral factors lik

otherwise s

mpacts, it

te as well a

esponding im

roject depen

has been a

ls through f

ecord. The p

microbiologi

nt were stud

of occupatio

e cotton, jow

and Sugar

ority of the a

adius is used

ranging from

month of Ma

00 mm.

varies from 1

mperature be

Chapter 3 :

rojects on lan

. For examp

ment, site g

vironment w

as direct a

orm of flue

zation. The

ke the proje

sensitivity of

is pertinen

s surroundin

mpacts and a

nding on re

assessed th

field studies

pre-project s

ical) in the

ied.

on and more

war, maize,

cane field o

agricultural f

d for second

m arid to sem

rch and ext

12 to 43OC w

etween 12 to

Description of

nd environm

ple, the gra

grading/con

would be in

and indirect

gases, fugit

importance

ect location,

f the surroun

nt to study

ng area and

also the poll

equirement.

rough recon

s. The study

status with r

impact zon

e than 80 pe

tur and mu

observed in

field is clay

dary data.

mi and trop

tends to Ma

with summe

o 33OC.

the Environme

ment general

ss root/gree

struction an

the form o

t impacts o

tive emissio

of impacts o

landuse/lan

nding region

the curre

d the resultin

lution impac

The baselin

nnaissance

y of land us

respect to so

e around th

ercent land

ug. The sma

study area

in texture. A

ical monsoo

ay. The mea

r temperatur

ent

lly

en

nd

of

on

n,

on

nd

ns

nt

ng

cts

ne

in

se

oil

he

is

all

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As

on

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3.4.3

very d

and m

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3.4.4

within

3.4.4.

Table

come

crops.

perce

under

in Tab

land c

10 pe

perce

of land

3.4.4.2

study

area i

by tur

3.4.4.3

radial

Soil Typ

The soils

deep, well dr

moisture ret

alogy.

Baselin

Baseline

10 km radia

1 Landuse

Core Zo

Landuse

e 3.4.1 based

Agricultu

under unirr

. About 9 p

nt land is b

r the differen

Buffer Z

Landuse

ble 3.4.2 bas

Agricultu

come under

ercent crops

nt land is be

d under the

2 Croppin

Paddy, T

area. Paddy

s covered w

, soyabean a

3 Soil Cha

Seven (

distance. L

pe

s in the stud

rained and f

tention capa

ne Status

e data was

al distance fr

e Pattern

one Area

e Pattern in

d on census

ure is a majo

igated agric

percent land

belonged to

nt categories

Zone Area

e Pattern in

sed on cens

ure being a

unirrigated

s. About 7 p

elonged to a

different cat

ng Pattern

Tur, Maize,

y, Jowar, Co

with sugar ca

are grown in

aracteristics

7) villages s

ocation of t

y area are c

ine to mediu

acity due to

collected to

rom project

different vill

data.

or activities i

cultural land.

d is covered

culturable

s is depicted

different vill

us data.

major activi

agricultural

percent land

area not ava

tegories is d

Mung, Soya

otton, Soyab

ane which n

n the study a

s

samples we

hese village3.36

clayey, medi

um textured.

o clay cont

o assess lan

site.

ages falling

in study area

The irrigate

d with area

wasteland.

in Fig. 3.4.1

ages falling

ty in the vill

land. The i

d is covere

ailable for cu

epicted in F

abean and S

bean, Tur ar

eeds irrigati

area.

ere identified

es are depic

Chapter 3 :

um black so

In study are

tain, clay b

nduse/landc

within core

a and it is fo

ed agricultur

a not availab

The percen

1.

within Buffe

lage and it i

rrigated agr

d with cultu

ultivation. Th

ig. 3.4.2.

Sugarcane a

re grown in

ion. Jowar is

d from the s

cted in Fig. 3

Description of

oils. Domina

ea, soil havi

belong to m

cover of diffe

zone area

ound that 51

ral land cove

ble for culti

ntage distrib

er zone are

is found tha

ricultural lan

urable waste

he percentag

re prominen

the Kharif s

s the major

study area

3.4.2 and su

the Environme

ntly the soil

ng high wate

montmorilonit

erent village

is depicted

percent lan

er 34 perce

vation and

bution of lan

ea is depicte

at 78 perce

d cover on

e land and

ge distributio

nt crops of th

season. Som

crop followe

within 10 k

ummarized

ent

is

er

te

es

in

nd

nt

6

nd

ed

nt

nly

5

on

he

me

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m

in

Table

collec

Stand

particl

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such a

KR Bo

distille

determ

nitroge

by Ch

availa

and co

3.4.4.4

prope

in term

promi

area v

poros

1.22 t

49.82-

3.4.4.

param

excha

(ESP)

are pr

of soil

e 3.4.2 and

cted from the

ard methods

The Inte

le size anal

on based on

as bulk den

ox Method (K

The che

ed water in

mined by Wa

en was dete

hloro stanus

able potassiu

Heavy m

onc. HNO3 f

4 Physica

Air-dried

rties of soil.

ms of perce

nent textura

varies from

ity and wate

The soil

to 1.38 g/cm

-59.78 % an

5 Chemic

The colle

meters selec

ange capaci

), organic ca

resented in T

pH is an

l. It severally

project site

ese villages

s have been

rnational Pip

lysis. The te

United Stat

nsity, porosit

Keen and Ra

mical charac

ratio 1:2

alkley & Blac

ermined by

Reduced M

um was dete

metals in the

followed by a

al Properties

d and sieved

Soil charac

entage of sa

al in the imp

44.2 to 59.

er holding ca

being of fria

m3 whereas

nd 48.62-61.

al Propertie

ected soil sa

cted were pH

ity (CEC),

arbon conte

Tables 3.4.5

n important p

y affects the

e Represent

for estimatio

n followed fo

pette Method

extural diag

tes Departm

ty and water

aczkowski, 1

cteristics of

(as per Jac

ck method (

Kjeldhal me

Molybdo Pho

ermined by fl

e soil were

analysis on I

s of Soil

d samples

cteristics suc

and, silt and

pact zone (F.8%. The ph

apacity are p

able consiste

the porosity

38 % respec

es of Soil

amples were

H, electrical

exchangeab

nt, nutrient

5-3.4.9.

parameter w

e microbial p3.37

tative soil s

on of the phy

or the analys

d (Black, 19

ram was ge

ment of Agric

r holding ca

1921).

soil were de

ckson proce

(1972). Ferti

ethod and av

osphorus blu

lame photom

determined

ICP or AAS

have been

ch as the pa

d clay are p

Fig. 3.4.3). C

hysical char

resented in

ency, the bu

y and water

ctively.

e analyzed

conductivity

ble cations,

status and

which indicat

population a

Chapter 3 :

amples from

ysico-chemi

is of soil sam

64) was ado

enerated us

culture (USD

apacity were

etermined by

edure, 1967

lity status of

vailable pho

ue clour ‘o’ls

meter metho

by extractin

(APHA, 199

used for d

article size d

resented in

Clay conten

racteristics o

Table 3.4.4

lk density of

holding cap

for various

y, soluble an

exchangea

heavy meta

tive of the a

as well as th

Description of

m depth (0-

cal characte

mples.

opted for det

sing “SEE S

DA). Physica

e determined

y preparing

7). Organic

f soil in term

osphorus wa

sen’s metho

od (Jackson

ng soil with

95).

determination

istribution of

Table 3.4.3nt in the soil

of soils viz.

.

f the soil is in

pacity are in

chemical pr

nions and c

able sodium

als contain. T

alkaline and

he solubility

the Environme

-15 cm) wer

eristics of so

termination o

Soil Class 2

al paramete

d by followin

soil extract

carbon wa

ms of availab

as determine

od (1954) an

M.L. 1967).

conc. H2SO

n of physic

f impact zon

3. Clay is th

l of the stud

bulk densit

n the range o

the range o

roperties. Th

ations, catio

m percentag

These resul

acidic natur

of metal ion

ent

re

oil.

of

.0

rs

ng

in

as

le

ed

nd

O4

cal

ne

he

dy

ty,

of

of

he

on

ge

ts

re

ns

and re

alkalin

expres

extrac

analys

magne

meq/l

varies

as evi

41.06

calciu

magne

respec

1.62-1

was fo

form

betwe

relatio

prese

3.4.4.

prope

surfac

sampl

and 4

carbo

the av

soil is

egulates nu

ne in reactio

The solu

ssed in term

ct in the stu

sis shows th

The mos

esium has o

and 0.12 to

s from 0.31 t

In gener

ident from th

Cmol (P+)

m is prom

esium vary

ctively. Sod

1.89 cmol(P+

Exchang

ound to vary

may have d

een 4-10 ca

onship with

nted in Tabl

6 Nutrient

Organic

rties. It com

ce soils orga

Organic

les are found

3.41 to 101.

n content. D

vailable pota

presented i

utrient availa

n having pH

uble salts we

ms of electric

dy area is i

hat the soils a

st important

observed tha

o 0.26 meq/l

o 0.98 meq/

ral, the soil s

he cation ex

Kg-1 soil (Tinent follow

from 18.62

dium and po+) kg-1 of soi

geable sodiu

y from 3.8 to

deterious ef

an be consi

productivity

les 3.4.7-3.4

t Status of S

matter pre

monly accou

anic matter is

carbon an

d to be in th

.50 kg/ha re

Data indicate

assium pres

n Table 3.4.

ability. The

H is in the ran

ere determin

cal conductiv

in the range

are normal.

cations pre

at calcium a

respectively

/l and 0.01 to

samples in t

xchange cap

Table 3.4.6)

wed by ma

2-23.64 cmo

otassium ar

l respectivel

um percenta

o 4.3 (Table ffect on the

idered as s

y and adso

4.8.

Soil

esent in th

unts as one

s also respo

d available

e range of 0

spectively. S

es that soil

ent in the s

.9.

3.38

pH of the s

nge of 7.8 to

ned from so

vity (EC). Th

e of 0.23 to

esent in solu

nd magnesi

y (Table 3.4o 0.3 meq/l r

the study are

pacity which

). Amongst

gnesium. T

ol (P+) kg-1 a

re in the ra

y.

age (ESP) o

3.4.6). The

chemical a

satisfactory.

orption base

he soil influ

third or mor

nsible for sta

nitrogen, p

0.27 to 0.60 %

Soil samples

in the study

oil shows po

Chapter 3 :

soil in the s

o 8.3 (Table

oil extract (1:

he (Electrica

1.17 dS/m

uble slats in

um are in th

4.5). Wherea

respectively

ea has very

is found to

the differen

The concent

and 9.82-13

nge of 1.40

of the soil sa

presence of

and physica

The classif

ed on catio

uences its

re of the cat

ability of soil

phosphorous

% and 122.9

s are poor to

y area are p

oor fertility l

Description of

study area i

3.4.5).

:2). The solu

al Conductiv

(Table 3.4

the soil are

he range of

as Sodium a

.

high adsorp

be in the ra

nt exchange

trations of

3.06 cmol(P+

0-1.73 cmol

amples in th

f sodium in e

l properties

fication of s

on exchange

physical a

tion exchang

l aggregates

s and potas

9 to 341.2, 0

o medium le

oor to medi

evel. The fe

the Environme

s moderate

uble salts ar

ity) of the so

.5). Chemic

e calcium an

0.44 to 0.82

nd potassiu

ption capaci

nge of 33.49

eable cation

calcium an+) kg-1 of so

(P+) kg-1 an

he study are

exchangeab

of soil. ES

soil and the

e capacity

and chemic

ge capacity o

s.

ssium in so

0.779 to 6.18

vel in organ

um fertile b

ertility state

ent

ely

re

oil

cal

nd

27

m

ty

9-

s,

nd

oil

nd

ea

le

SP

eir

is

cal

of

oil

82

nic

ut

of

3.4.4.

negat

alumin

heavy

metals

in chlo

(Zn), L

Coppe

heavy

3.4.4.8

transfo

their

nutrie

microb

vital c

microo

fertility

norma

active

per gr

of soil

Rhizo

3.4.5

inform

an im

includ

7 Heavy M

The hea

ively charge

no silicates

y metals pol

s also create

orophyll con

Soil sam

Lead (Pb), N

er (Cu) and

y metals at p

8 Soil Mic

Soil orga

ormed into t

growth. Phy

nt status infl

Various

biological po

components

organisms a

Azotoba

y by fixing n

al soil. They

ely participat

ram of soil v

l samples w

bium (2x104

Remote

Remote

mation on va

mportant role

ing environm

Metal Conte

avy metals

ed soil partic

hydrated ox

lution is ser

es problems

tent.

mples were a

Nickel (Ni), C

their conce

proper pH en

crobiology

anisms play

their respec

ysical, chem

luence the m

ecological c

opulation. T

of soils and

are presente

ctor are non

itrogen in so

y are active

te in the pro

aried from 9

ere fungi (6x4 to 11x104 C

e Sensing

Sensing tec

rious natura

e in effectiv

ment.

ent in the So

occur in t

cle. They are

xide and hu

rious becau

s in the nutri

also analyse

Cadmium (C

entrations a

nhances the

y a key role

ctive inorgan

mical and p

microbial pop

cycles in th

The populatio

they help in

d in Table 3

n-symbiotic n

oil. Fungi als

e in initial s

ocess of so

9x106 to 22x

x104 to 18x1

CFU) and az

Studies

chnology has

al resources

ve mapping

3.39

oil

the solution

e held strong

umus. In ge

se it can pe

ent utilizatio

d for heavy

Cd), Cobalt (

re presente

microbial ac

e in nutrien

nic forms an

physico-chem

pulation.

e Rhizosph

on of bacte

n maintaining

3.4.11.

nitrogen fixin

so constitute

stages of de

il aggregatio

106 CFU. Di

104 CFU), ac

zotobacter (1

s emerged a

at different

and period

Chapter 3 :

n as cation

gly as comp

eneral adsor

ersist for ma

on in plant an

metals such

(Co), Manga

d in Table ctivity in soil.

nt transforma

d plants are

mical chara

ere zone of

ria fungi an

g their stabil

ng micro-org

an importan

ecompositio

on. Total via

ifferent micro

ctinomycete

1x104 to 11x

as a powerfu

levels of spa

dic monitori

Description of

s are abso

lex on the s

rption increa

any decade

nd also mar

h as Chromi

anese (Mn),

3.4.10. The

.

ation, organ

e able to abs

cteristics of

f the plant

nd actinomyc

lity. Charact

ganisms and

nt part of the

on of plant

able microb

oflroa obser

s (4x104 to

x104 CFU).

ul tool in prov

atial details,

ing of natur

the Environme

orbed by th

urface of cla

ases with pH

s. The heav

ked reductio

ium (Cr), Zin

Iron (Fe) an

e presence

nic forms ar

sorb them fo

f soil and i

depend upo

cetes are th

eristics of so

d improve so

e microflora o

residues an

ial populatio

rved per gra

11x104 CFU

viding reliab

it has playe

ral resource

ent

he

ay

H,

vy

on

nc

nd

of

re

or

ts

on

he

oil

oil

of

nd

on

m

U),

le

ed

es

sensin

improv

Data U

follow

73O 24

Metho

remot

LISS

The d

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includ

With the a

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Used

In order to

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4’00”E longit

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B. Co

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tely sensed

III data offe

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availability of

ons have b

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tude are use

emote sensiS P6 LISS II

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ng, classifica

Chapter 3 :

sensing dat

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stems have b

on on existO34’08”N lat

6G03 (1:50,0

ven below:

use /Land co

Global Posit

ds in which

rs for any la

the swath w

een (Band 2

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days (three d

phic features

surability thr

ation etc. T

Description of

ta, newer are

a processing

become mor

ing land use

titude and

000 scale)

over

ioning Syste

h the senso

and use surv

width of 1

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hort wave i

days revisit).

s are visible

rough band

hese feature

the Environme

eas of remot

g have bee

re effective.

e pattern, th

73O03’00”E

em

r collects th

vey. IRS P

41 x 141 km

9μ), red (Ban

infrared ban

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e in IRS data

combinatio

es of the IR

ent

te

en

he

-

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m.

nd

nd

s,

a.

on

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data a

classe

on hig

functio

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proces

layout

studyi

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respo

the sc

used

param

trainin

Resu

denote

The la

mapp

six ma

major

•

are particula

es. Hence, I

The digita

gh-configure

ons necessa

fication etc.

ssing functio

t presentatio

The satell

ng quick loo

area is extra

Supervise

ately, the d

nses, which

1. Acq

2. Calc

3. Clas

The trainin

cene with bo

through the

meters of tra

ng sets and c

ults

Land use

es the veg

and use / lan

ing different

ajor land us

classes at l

Built up laagricultura

utilities in a

arly importan

IRS P6 LISS

al image pro

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lite data fro

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acted.

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involve the

quisition of g

culation of th

ssification us

ng areas fo

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aining sets,

creating new

refers to ma

getation co

nd cover cla

t agro-climat

se classes a

evel I was fu

and: It is de

al use and th

association

nt for better

S-III data has

ocessing wa

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rocessing, re

m contrast

n be perform

om the com

mpled image

ation using

nd use clas

following thr

round truth

he statistics

sing maximu

r classificati

els excluded

r similar lan

the training

w ones.

an’s activities

ver, water

ssification sy

tic zones ha

at level I an

urther enunc

fined as an

hat which ha

with water, v

3.41

comprehen

s been used

s performed

are package

ectification,

stretching,

med on this

mpact disc i

e of the app

all the sp

sses at lev

ree steps:

of training a

um likelihood

ion were ho

d in process

nd use clas

areas were

s on land, ut

body cove

ystem stand

as been ado

nd twenty-eig

ciated in the

area of hum

as a cover o

vegetation a

Chapter 3 :

sion and de

d for land use

d on PCI GE

e is a collec

band combi

there are l

station. Arc

s loaded o

propriate are

pectral ban

el II on th

area

d algorithm

omogeneous

sing. Severa

sses. After

e rectified b

tilitarian in na

er and arti

dardized by

opted. This

ght at level

following six

man habitatio

f buildings, t

and vacant la

Description of

elineation of

e mapping.

EOMATICA

ction of imag

nation, filter

arge numbe

Map 10 is

n the hard

ea); the sub

nds can se

e basis of

s, well sprea

l training se

evaluating t

by deleting n

ature where

ificial const

Department

classification

II (Table 3x categories

on develope

transport, co

ands.

the Environme

the land us

10.2 Syste

ge processin

ring, statistic

ers of imag

used for fin

disk and b

-scene of th

eparate fair

the spectr

ad througho

ets have bee

the statistic

no congruou

as land cove

tructions et

of Space, fo

n system ha

.4.2). The s

s:

d due to non

ommunicatio

ent

se

m

ng

cs,

ge

al

by

he

rly

ral

ut

en

cal

us

er

tc.

or

as

six

n-

on

•

•

•

•

below

Buffe

Plate

Image

Tahsil

shrub

and s

terrain

also d

Plate

variou

to var

area.

land.

Veget

Land withuplands or

degradatio

Fallow lanbut is tem

less than

crops at th

Dense Ev

and dense

year. It inc

evergreen

predomina

Water bodlakes.

Land use

w using the a

er Zone (5-

e 3.4.3

Plate I de

e showing 3

l, Surat Dis

,) appears re

ize are used

n. The Built-

depicted in th

e 3.4.4

It is the co

us classes in

rious classe

The land us

Water bod

tation cover

h or withour high groun

on or erosion

nd: It is des

mporarily allo

one year. T

he time when

vergreen Fo

e canopy of

cludes both

forest is a m

ate

dies: Area

/ land cover

bove classif

10 Km Rad

epict the fal

314 sq. Km

trict, Gujara

ed, water bo

d to interpre

up area visi

he imagery b

olour-coded

n the study a

es as given

se / land co

dy (lakes /

4.08% is as

ut scrub: T

nds with or w

n. These exc

scribed as a

owed to res

These lands

n the imager

orest: It is d

tall trees, w

coniferous a

mixture of b

persistently

r distribution

fication syste

dius)

se colour c

study area

at. In the im

odies as blue

et the image

ble clearly w

by its white c

output of su

area around

in legend.

over classific

ponds/ Rive

ssigned by g

3.42

They occupy

without scrub

clude hilly an

agricultural la

t un-croppe

are particul

ry is taken o

described a

which predom

and tropical

oth deciduo

covered by

n in the stud

em and digit

composite o

Buffer Zone

mage, vegeta

e. Attributes

e visually. M

which reflect

colour.

upervised cl

project site

Six differen

cation indica

er) is indica

green colour

Chapter 3 :

y (relatively

b. These lan

nd mountain

and which i

d for one o

larly those w

of both seaso

s a forest, w

minantly rem

broad-leave

us and ever

y water such

dy area has

tal analysis t

of LISS III s

e. Near Nan

ation (dense

s such as co

orphologica

t bluish colo

lassification

e. In this ima

t classes a

ates 39.10%

ated by blue

r. The Fallow

Description of

y) higher top

ds are gene

nous terrain.

s taken up

or more seas

which are se

ons.

which comp

main green th

ed evergreen

rgreen trees

h as river an

been estima

techniques.

sensors, IRS

ni Naruli Vil

e vegetation

olour, tone, te

lly the area

ur in FCC. B

with colours

age, colours

re identified

% area cove

e colour sho

w land spre

the Environme

pography lik

erally prone t

for cultivatio

sons, but n

een devoid o

prises of thic

hroughout th

n trees. Sem

but the latte

nd Reservo

ated as give

S P6 satellit

lage Mangr

n, vegetatio

exture, shap

is a elevate

Barren land

s assigned t

are assigne

d within stud

ered by wast

owing 2.03%

ad in 16.42%

ent

ke

to

on

ot

of

ck

he

mi-

er

ir,

en

te rol

n,

pe

ed

is

to

ed

dy

te

%.

%

of the

Land)

distrib

Land,

Core

Plate

Image

Tahsil

shrub

and s

terrain

also d

Plate

variou

to var

area.

land.

Veget

of the

Land)

distrib

Land,

e area and a

covered 2.6

Review of

buted mainly

Built-up lan

Zone (0-5

e 3.4.5

Plate III d

e showing 7

l, Surat Dis

,) appears re

ize are used

n. The Built-

depicted in th

e 3.4.6

It is the co

us classes in

rious classe

The land us

Water bod

tation cover

e area and a

covered 3.1

Review of

buted mainly

Built-up lan

assigned by

66% shows

f plate II a

y over six ca

d and veget

Km Radiu

depict the fa

78.05 sq. km

trict, Gujara

ed, water bo

d to interpre

up area visi

he imagery b

olour-coded

n the study a

es as given

se / land co

dy (lakes /

19.70% is a

assigned by

12% shows

f plate IV a

y over six ca

d, vegetatio

y the orange

in red colour

and Table 3tegories tha

tation.

us)

alse colour c

m study area

at. In the im

odies as blue

et the image

ble clearly w

by its white c

output of su

area around

in legend.

over classific

ponds/ Rive

assigned by

y the orange

in red colour

and Table tegories tha

n

3.43

e colour wh

r.

3.4.3 indica

at is Fallow la

composite o

a Core Zon

mage, vegeta

e. Attributes

e visually. M

which reflect

colour.

upervised cl

project site

Six differen

cation indica

er) is indica

green colou

e colour wh

r.

3.4.3 indica

at is Fallow la

Chapter 3 :

hile human s

ate that the

and, Water b

of LISS III s

e. Near Nan

ation (dense

s such as co

orphologica

t bluish colo

lassification

e. In this ima

t classes a

ates 11.78%

ated by blue

ur. The Fallo

hile human s

ate that the

and, Water b

Description of

settlement a

land use/l

bodies, Was

sensors, IRS

ni Naruli Vil

e vegetation

olour, tone, te

lly the area

ur in FCC. B

with colours

age, colours

re identified

% area cove

e colour sho

ow land spre

settlement a

e land use/l

bodies, Was

the Environme

area (Built u

and cover

ste land, Cro

S P6 satellit

llage Mangr

n, vegetatio

exture, shap

is a elevate

Barren land

s assigned t

are assigne

d within stud

ered by wast

owing 3.00%

ead in 29.85%

area (Built u

and cover

ste land, Cro

ent

up

is

op

te rol

n,

pe

ed

is

to

ed

dy

te

%.

%

up

is

op

Pla

Plate 3.4.1

ate 3.4.2 : S

: Cotton f

Sugar can

3.44

field obser

e field obs

Chapter 3 :

rved in stud

served in s

Description of

dy area

study area

the Environme

ent

Platee 3.4.3 : FCC of Study

3.45

Area Buffe

Chapter 3 :

r Zone (10 K

Description of

Km Radius)

the Environme

)

ent

Pl

ate 3.4.4 : LLand Use LLand Cover

3.46

of Study Ar

Chapter 3 :

rea Buffer Z

Description of

Zone (10 Km

the Environme

m Radius)

ent

Plat

te 3.4.5 : FC

CC of Study

3.47

y Area Core

Chapter 3 :

Zone (05 K

Description of

Km Radius)

the Environme

ent

Plate 3.4.6 : LLand Use LLand Cover

3.48

Of Study A

Chapter 3 :

rea Core Zo

Description of

one (05 Km

the Environme

m Radius)

ent

Fig.

Fig. 3

3.4.1 : Lan

3.4.2 : Land

Unirrigated51%

Culturable Waste land

6%

CultuWast

7

nd Use Patt

d Use Patte

d

Area not available for cultivation

9%

Landuse P

urable te land7%

Landuse

3.49

tern of Cor

ern of Buff

Fore0%

Irr

attern of Co

Irrigated 10%

Unirrigate78%

Aavc

Pattern of B

Chapter 3 :

re Zone in

fer Zone in

st %

rigated 34%

ore Zone

ed

Area not vailable for ultivation

5%

uffer Zone

Description of

Study Are

n Study Are

Forest 0%

the Environme

ea

ea

ent

F

Tadke

Panetha Shethi

Fig. 3.4.3 :

Ushk

eshwar

Asodla

Noga

Soil Samp

ker Ramkund

Nani Naroli

Surama

Luwara

3.50

pling Locat

Dharampu

Togapur

Dun

Charetha

Wastan

rali

Mo M

A

B

C

D

Chapter 3 :

tion in Stu

ur

ngri Borsad

Shah

Bo

ota Miya Mangrol

5 km

Jhanka

Description of

dy Area

Vasravi

origala

Tuk

10

arda

the Environme

ked

km

N

ent

N

Fig. 3

Fig

3.4.4 : Tex

. 3.4.5 : Tex

xture Diagr

xture Diagra

3.51

am of Stud

am of Study

Chapter 3 :

dy Area for

y Area for B

Description of

r Core Zon

Buffer Zone

the Environme

ne

ent

Sr. No. Core Zo1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Buffer Z7. 8. 9.

Name of Village

one (1-5km) Jankharda Shah Dungri Surali Nani Naroli Dharampur

Zone(5-10km)Mangrol Tuked Panetha

Sr. N

Co1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

Bu9.

10

11

La

Total area of Village

415.35 779.72 348.63

1118.31 1794.91 239.35

901.72

1472.59 549.49

Na

No. V

ore Zone (1- P

Bo

S

Ja

S

D

N

D

uffer Zone ( M

0. Tu

1. P

Ta

and Use Pa

Forest Area

Ir

- - - - 8- 11-

- - - 1

Ta

ame of the

illages

-5km) roject Site

orsad

urali

ankharda

hah

ungri

ani Naroli

harampur

(5-10km) Mangrol

uked

anetha

3.52

able 3.4.1

attern (in H

rrigated Area

Un-iA

6.00 3- 6

55.15 2849.27 1

37.46 130.32 1

26.00 752.00 185.00 2

able 3.4.2

e Villages S Distanc

3

3

3

4

2

3

4

8

7

9

Chapter 3 :

Hectares)

irrigated Area

CuWa

381.67 605.47 226.48 132.94 188.34 192.15

706.31 131287.6 30274.17 51

Surveyed

e

-

3.5

3.5

3.3

4.0

2.0

3.2

4.0

8.0

7.0

9.6

Description of

ulturable aste Land

A

14.44 74.24 66.90 16.03 58.67 1.70

37.87 0.60 1.94

Direction

-

ESE

WNW

-

NNE

SEE

SW

SSE

NNE

ESE

WNW

the Environme

rea not availabfor cultivation

13.24 100.01

0.10 120.07 410.44

15.18

31.54 22.26 38.38

ent

ble

SN

C12345678

B911

Sr. No.

SamplinLocatio

Core Zone (1-. Project

2. Borsad 3. Surali 4. Jankha5. Shah 6. Dungri 7. Nani Na8. Dharam

Buffer Zone (9. Mangro0. Tuked1. Panetha

Sr. No.

Sam

Core Zone 1. Proj2. Bors3. Sura4. Jan5. Sha6. Dun7. Nan8. Dha

Buffer Zone9. Man10. Tuk11. Pan

ng ns

-5km) Site

rda

aroli mpur

(5-10km) ol

a

Ph

mpling Locatio

(1-5 km) ject Site sad ali kharda

ah ngri ni Naroli arampur

e (5-10 Km) ngrol ed

netha

Ta

Textura

P

Coarse Sa

1.83 1.59 3.25 1.89 2.17 1.43 1.86 3.12

5.24 3.00 2.63

Ta

hysical Cha

ons Bulk

(g

3.53

able 3.4.3

al Class of

article size D

and Fine S

20.58.49.7

12.69.0

11.38.46.4

2.32.04.0

able 3.4.4

aracteristic

k Density

gm/cm3)

1.29 1.38 1.29 1.32 1.38 1.28 1.33 1.33

1.27 1.30 1.22

Chapter 3 :

Soil

istribution (%

Sand Silt

57 33.4340 40.2174 37.4162 32.6206 28.9332 32.1843 36.7247 44.01

37 41.1906 40.3404 44.93

cs of Soil

Porosity

(%)

56.72 52.78 50.22 52.16 54.68 50.92 49.82 51.68

59.78 55.28 56.27

Description of

%)

Clay

3 44.2 1 49.8 1 49.6 2 52.9 3 59.8 8 55.1 2 53.0 1 46.4

9 51.2 4 54.6 3 48.4

Water HoCapac

(%)

52.755.258.148.6256.1852.7851.1657.28

60.3861.3859.33

the Environme

Textural Class

Clay Clay Clay Clay Clay Clay Clay Clay

Clay Clay Clay

olding city

1 1 1 2 8 8 6 8

8 8 3

ent

Sr. No.

Core1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Buffe9. 10. 11.

SrNo

Co1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.

Bu9.1011

ND

Sampling Locations

e Zone (1-5 kProject SiteBorsad Surali Jankharda Shah Dungri Nani NaroliDharampur

er Zone (5-10Mangrol Tuked Panetha

r. o.

SamplLocatio

ore Zone (1 Projec Borsad Surali Jankha Shah Dungr Nani N Dhara

uffer Zone ( Mangr

0. Tuked1. Paneth

D : Not Detec

Chemi

pH

m) e 8.3

8.2 8.3 8.2 8.2 8.3

i 8.1 r 8.0

0 Km) 7.8 7.9 8.1

Cat

ling ons

-5 km) ct Site d

arda

ri Naroli mpur

(5-10 Km) rol ha cted

Tacal Charac

EC dS/m

1.17 0.23 0.32 0.28 0.36 0.32 0.68 0.24

0.61 0.35 0.34

Tation Excha

Ca++ M

18.62 122.08 120.84 118.62 121.38 923.16 122.42 119.12 1

22.41 123.64 120.09 1

3.54

able 3.4.5cteristics o

Calcium

0.827 0.627 0.641 0.712 0.826 0.687 0.726 0.441

0.652 0.630 0.754

able 3.4.6ange Capac

Mg++ Ncmol (

0.52 1.42.18 1.2.16 1.2.61 1.

9.82 1.1.64 1.42.32 1.1.60 1.4

2.19 1.43.06 1.2.11 1.

Chapter 3 :

of Soil Extr

Magnesium

me

0.24 0.12 0.13 0.16 0.21 0.18 0.26 0.13

0.13 0.12 0.14

city of Soil

Na+ K+

(p+) kg-1

44 1.8159 1.7861 1.8132 1.8961 1.7248 1.6873 1.8240 1.70

46 1.6260 1.6550 1.75

Description of

ract

Sodium

e/l

0.8 0.4 0.76 0.64 0.72 0.56 0.48 0.95

0.31 0.49 0.98

l + CEC

1 33.49 8 37.76 1 37.52 9 38.42 2 36.78 8 40.26 2 34.57 0 35.02

2 38.84 5 41.06 5 36.62

the Environme

Potassium

0.3 0.3 0.01 0.26 0.32 0.18 0.09 0.04

0.18 0.09 0.09

ESP (%)

4.3 4.2 4.3 4.1 4.1 4.2 4.1 4.0

3.8 3.9 4.1

ent

CE

Ve

Low

Mo

Hig

CE

Lim

Mo

Hig

Ve

EC

ery low

w

oderate

gh

EC

mited to Low

oderate

gh

ery High

Relat

Range (c

Relati

Range (c

w

Ta

ionship of

cmol (p+) kg

<10

10-20

20-50

>50

Ta

ionship of

cmol (p+) kg-

<10

10-20

20-30

>30

3.55

able 3.4.7

CEC with

g-1) Pro

Ve

Lo

M

Hi

able 3.4.8

CEC with

-1) Ad

Limite

Mode

High

Very

Chapter 3 :

Productiv

oductivity

ery low

ow

oderate

igh

Adsorptiv

sorptivity

ed to Low

erate

high

Description of

ity

Location

1 to

ity

Location

1 to 11

the Environme

Sr. Nos.

o 11

n Sr. Nos.

ent

Sr.

C1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

B9

1

1

No. Samp

Core Zone (1. Proje

2. Borsa

3. Sural

4. Jankh

5. Shah

6. Dung

7. Nani

8. Dhara

Buffer Zone 9. Mang

0. Tuked

1. Pane

Level Level Level

Fertil

pling Locatio

1-5 km) ect Site

ad

li

harda

h

gri

Naroli

ampur

(5-10 Km) grol

d

etha

l in poor soil

l in medium

l in fertile so

Ta

lity Status

ons Organ

(

0

0

0

0

0

0

soil 0.

il >

3.56

able 3.4.9

of Soils in

nic Carbon

(%)

0.27

0.39

0.60

0.42

0.38

0.46

0.52

0.35

0.45

0.51

0.38

<0.5

.5-0.75

>0.75

Chapter 3 :

n Study Are

N

122.9

275.9

286.0

289.2

276.8

273.2

272.4

180.2

297.3

341.2

253.4

<280

280-560

>560.0

Description of

ea

P2O5

Kg/ha.

1.309

6.182

4.025

1.632

1.942

3.436

4.217

3.096

2.62

0.779

1.369

<10

10-25

>25

the Environme

K2O

43.41

73.92

101.50

62.58

78.92

43.63

82.92

86.06

89.03

76.52

82.85

<110

110-280

>280

ent

Sr. No.

SaLo

Core Zo

1. Pr

2. Bo

3. Su

4. Ja

5. Sh

6. Du

7. Na

8. Dh

Buffer Z

9. Ma

10. Tu

11. Pa

ND : Not D

ampling ocations

one (1-5 km)

roject Site

orsad

urali

ankharda

hah

ungri

ani Naroli

harampur

Zone (5-10 K

angrol

uked

anetha

Detectable

Cd

)

1.3 3

1.7 4

1.8 1

1.6 6

1.1 3

1.8 8

1.3 4

1.5 2

Km)

1.1 3

1.5 6

1.6 6

Ta

Heavy

Cr Co

33.5 47.6

40.6 39.2

01.0 71.5

62.5 38.4

32.4 26.9

82.6 31.7

42.6 62.4

24.7 39.0

38.9 42.1

67.0 44.1

65.9 25.3

3.57

able 3.4.10

Metals in S

Cu

6 106.7

2 95.5

5 224.4

4 124.2

9 89.6

7 118.3

4 122.4

0 105.1

1 188.8

1 124.5

3 110.7

Chapter 3 :

Soil

Fe

mg/kg

3281.5 1

3256.5 8

3350.5 1

3167.5 2

3448.2 1

3248.5 2

3673.4 3

3250.5 9

3304.5 1

3271.5 1

3249.5 8

Description of

Mn Ni

154 67.1

8509 62.1

484 139.7

2416 68.1

892 72.3

2843 59.8

3262 62.3

9035 63.6

161 69.2

402 85.7

8477 79.6

the Environme

Pb Z

ND 12

ND 10

7 ND 19

ND 11

ND 17

ND 21

ND 14

ND 12

ND 13

ND 10

ND 11

ent

Zn

27.7

06.7

99.5

12.6

72.4

16.3

43.4

28.7

38.5

01.7

17.7

Sr. No.

Core

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

Buffe

9.

10.

11.

TVC: TCFU: C

Sampling Locations

Zone (1-5 k

Project Site

Borsad

Surali

Jankharda

Shah

Dungri

Nani Naroli

Dharampur

r Zone (5-10

Mangrol

Tuked

Panetha

Total Viable CColony Formi

Micro

TVC

km)

14x106

9x106

11x106

7 x106

12 x106

8 x106

14 x106

22x106

0 Km)

20x106

17x106

21x106

Count ng Unit

Ta

obiological

Fungi

6 8x104

7x104

6 6x104

6 x104

6 8 x104

5 x104

6 8 x104

6 15x104

6 18x104

6 10x104

6 11x104

3.58

able 3.4.11

Character Actinomy

C

6x10

4x10

4x10

6 x1

4 x1

4 x1

4 x14 8x10

4 11x14 7x104 9x10

Chapter 3 :

ristics of S

ycetes R

CFU/g

04

04

04

04

04

04

04

04

104

04

04

Description of

Soil

hizobium

5x104

3x104

2x104

6 x104

4 x104

2 x104

6 x104

11x104

9x104

5x104

10x104

the Environme

Azotobacte

5x104

1x104

5x104

5 x104

2 x104

1 x104

4 x104

9x104

10x104

11x104

9x104

ent

er

Sr. 1

2

3

4

5

6

No. Leve1. Built-

2. Agric

3. Fores

4. Wast

5. Wate

6. Other

Land use

el - I up Land

ultural Land

st

eland

er bodies

rs

Tab

e/Land Cov

1.1

1.2

1.3

2.1

2.2

3.1

3.2

3.3

3.4

3.5

3.6

3.7

4.1

4.2

4.3

4.4

4.5

4.6

4.6

5.1

5.2

5.3

6.1

6.2

6.3

3.59

ble 3.4.12

ver Classif

Level –

1 Built-up

2 Road

3 Railway

1 Crop lan

2 Fallow (

1 Evergree

2 Deciduo

3 Degrade

4 Forest b

5 Forest p

6 Mangrov

7 Cropland

1 Salt affe

2 Waterlog

3 Marshy/

4 Gullied/R

5 Land wit

6 Sandy a

6 Barren r

1 River/St

2 Lake/Re

3 Tank/Ca

1 Grasslan

2 Shifting

3 Snow co

Chapter 3 :

fication Sy

II land

nd

Residual)

en/Semi-eve

ous forest

ed/Scrub lan

blank

plantation

ve

d in forest

ected land

gged land

/Swampy lan

Ravenous la

th or without

area (coastal

rocky/Stony

ream

eservoir

anal

nd/Grazing l

cultivation

over/Glacial

Description of

ystem

ergreen fore

nd

nd

and

t scrub

l and desert

Waste/shee

land

area

the Environme

est

)

etrock area

ent

4

Inv

Sr. No.

Landuclasse

1. Fallow

2. Crop L

3. Built U

4. Waste

5. Veget

6. Water

Total

ventory of

use/ Landcoves

w Land

Land

Up

e Land

ation

r Body

Tab

f Land use

ver 10

Area(Sq. K

51.7

112.

1.9

133.

12.8

1.9

314.

3.60

ble 3.4.13

/ Land cov

Km Radius

a in Km.)

Are(%

71 16

.43 35

90 2.

.22 39

80 4.

94 2.

.00 100

Chapter 3 :

ver (10 Km

ea in %)

Ar(Sq

.42 56

.71 4

66 2

.10 12

08 3

03 4

0.00 15

Description of

m Radius)

5 Km Rad

rea in q. Km.)

A

6.54 2

9.33 3

2.68

2.65

1.09

4.71

57.00 1

the Environme

dius

Area in (%)

29.85

32.55

3.12

11.78

19.70

3.00

100.00

ent

Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment

3.61

3.5 Biological Environment

3.5.1 Introduction

In view of the need for conservation of environmental quality and biodiversity,

study of biological environment is one of the most important components for

environmental impact assement. Ecological system shows inter relationship between

biotic and abiotic components including dependence, competition and mutualism. Biotic

components comprises of both plants and animal communities, which interact not only

within and between them but also with the abiotic components viz, physical and chemical

component of the environment.

Generally biological communities are the indicator of climatic conditions.

Biological communities are dependent on environmental condition and resource of its

distribution and survival .It may change if there is change in the environmental variables

like temperature, humidity, rainfall, soil characteristics, topography etc. responcible for

maintaining the homeostasis of the environment .

The species of flora and fauna in the environment are organized into natural

communities with mutual dependencies and show various responces and sensitivies to

anthropogenic influences. The changes in biotic community are studied in the pattern of

distribution, abundance and diversity.

3.5.2 Study Area

The proposed Plant of Surat lignite Power Project Station is at Village Nani

Naroli Taluka Mangrol, District Surat, Gujarat (GIPCL). The study area comprises of

10 km radius around the proposed project site. The vegetation mostly comprises of open

scrub vegetation. Prosopis juliflora (Jangali Babul) is observed to be dominant in the core

zone and buffer zone of study area. Some portion of the study area is occupied by

agricultural field, social forestry and limited natural vegetation. The study area have no

forest land. The Umarpara Forest is 50 km away from the Project site. Agricultural

activities are also undertaken in the nearby villages.

During the survey it was observed that there is no National Park/Sanctuary,

Elephant/Tiger reserve area within 25 km from the project site.

Total 11 sampling locations were randomly selected for study covering the core

zone and buffer zone on biological environment based on topography, vegetation

structure, pattern and distribution. The map of sampling locations showing core and buffer

zone are shown in Fig. 3.5.1 and the list of sampling locations given in Table 3.5.1. The


3.62

observations were taken from different villages along agricultural field, riverside

vegetation and built up land according to the objectives delineated for Environmental

Impact Assessment studies.

3.5.3 Ecological Status

The weather of study area is tropical, semi-arid and warm. Monsoon is irregular

and erratic. Average annual rainfall is between 1000 mm to 1100 mm. The minimum

temperature recorded is 6.5OC whereas the maximum temperature recorded was 46OC.

Weather on the whole is healthy and dry. Summer season begins at the end of March.

Generally the soil is black cotton type with varying properties of loam. Soil

towards western parts is of sandy loam merging with pure sand or coastal border. In the

hilly area the soil is generally shallow and poor. In valley and in some cases on plains the

soil is deep and fertile.

3.5.4 Survey Methodology

The study area is dominated by open scrub vegetation. The dominant trees are

Prosopis juliflora and the other tree are Acacia nilotica, Acacia catechu, Ziziphus

mauritiana, Phoenix sylvestris, Nerium odorum, Tamarindus indica, Azadirachta indica,

Casuarina equisetifolia, Eucalyptus sp. Drum stick along with the agricultural field. The

field observation on vegetation was made by surveying different locations. The sampling

location were randamly selected. The information was collected by visual observations

and discussion with the villagers. The secondary data related to this region was also

obtained from District Forest Department, District Fisheries Department, District

Agricultural Department, Social Forestry Division and District Horticulture Department.

Fauna

The assessment of wild life fauna was carried out by field observation, enquiring

with local people and on the basis of secondary data collected from different government

offices like District Forest office, Agriculture Department.

Avifauna

Field observations of avifauna in the study area were carried out during winter

seasons. The roadside counts of birds were undertaken following standard procedures by

traversing a given distance in which designated sampling areas occur. The milometer of

the vehicle was used to measure the stretch of the study area. Birds were studied by

direct observation with the help of Nikon 50 binocular and were identified by consulting


3.63

the available literature. The field data were collected by walking through the sampling

sites and also the different locations in study area. The birds were identified with the help

of standard book. (Ref: The books of Indian Birds by Salim Ali)

3.5.5 Floristic diversity Of the Study Area

According to the Forest Working Plan of Surat District, the vegetation in study

area falls under tropical thorny forest as per Champion and Seth.

The most dominant trees in this region are Prosopis juliflora and other tree

species found in this area are Acacia nilotica, Ficus religiosa, Delonix regia, Tamarindus

indica, Syzygium cumini, Azadirachta indica, Moringa oleifera (Drumstick) Casuarina

equisetifolia, Bougainvillea sp., Ficus benghalensis, Ziziphus mauritiana and Phoenix

sylvestris.

According to the Forest working plan of Surat District 187 plant species were

recorded which consist of 93 tree, 52 herbs and shrubs and 18 climber , 2 Bomboo and

22 Grasses The list of plant species (trees, shrubs, herbs, grasses and climbers) within

the study area as reported by District Forest Department of Surat is depicted in Table 3.5.2 and the list of fauna recorded from forest department is shown in Table 3.5.3

respectively.

The most common and valuable natural species found in study area are

Azadirachta indica, Syzygium cumini, Ficus bengalensis, Ficus religiosa, Tectona

grandis, Delonix regia, Eucalyptus sp.,Tamarindus indica. Azadirachta indica, Casuarina

equisetifolia, Prosopis juliflora, Acacia nilotica, Ficus benghalensis etc. are the plant

species which were mostly observed on roadside.

3.5.6 Floristic Structure and Composition the Study Area

Core Zone

The floristic structure and species composition in core zone of study area is

mainly dominated by open scrub vegetation. Most of the land is occupied by agricultural

field. The most dominant trees are Prosopis juliflora (Plate 3.5.1). Other trees observed in

and around the villages are Acacia sp., Zizyphus sp. Azadirachta indica, Ficus

benghalensis, Ziziphus mauritiana, Tamarindus indica, Mangifera indica, Phoenix

sylvestris, Calotropis procera, Moringa oleifera, Bougainvillea sp., Syzygium cumini,

Casuarina equisetifolia and Eucalyptus sp.


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Buffer Zone

The floristic structure and species composition in buffer zone of study area is

also dominated by open scrub vegetation. Dominant trees are Prosopis juliflora, Cocos

nucifera, Casuarina equisetifolia, Anogeissus latifolia, Prosopis juliflora, Acacia nilotica,

Eucalyptus sp., Aegle marmelos, Azadirachta indica and Areca catechu, Cassia siamea,

Butea monosperma, Ailanthus excelsa, Albizia lebbeck and Albizia procera.

Most dominant shrubs are Calotropis procera, Ricinus communis, Agave

americana, Tephrosia purpurea and Lantana camara. In case of herbs, Vernonia cinerea,

Tridax procumbens, Cynodon dactylon are common.

The aquatic plant Nelumbo sp. observed near nana nagma village pond is

shown in Plate 3.5.2 and Euphorbia caducifolia is shown in Plate 3.5.3.

The study area shows sparse occurrence of medicinal plants. The common

medicinal flora in the study area consists of Aegle marmelos (bel), Azadirachta indica

(neem), Calotropis procera, Moringa oleifera (Drumstick), Ficus benghalensis, Mangifera

indica, Euphorbia species, Sida cordata etc. are the dominant plant observed in region.

Regeneration of trees is poor as compared to herbs and shrubs in the study

area except for Acacia sp., Cassia sp., Caesalpinia sp and Prosopis sp. The density and

composition of vegetation hardly changes with change in locations.

3.5.7 Medicinal Plants

The conservation of medicinal plants means every species of plants in its actual

habit should be protected and preserved. Conservation of biodiversity is a national and

international agenda. Because of continuous exploitation of medicinal plants from their

natural habitats, it is required to replant and regenerate them in other areas having similar

habitat or environment. Due to over exploitation of natural resources many plant species

have become extinct from the world.

The common species observed having some medicinal properties are Vitex

negundo, Aegle marmelos, Azadirachta indica, Butea monosperma, Ficus species,

Syzygium cumini, Tamarindus indica, Madhuca indica, Ocimum species, Moringa oleifera

(Drumstick), Emblica species, Terminalia Arjuna, Mangifera indica, Ziziphus rugosa etc.

List of medicinal plant species is depicted in Table 3.5.4.


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3.5.8 Threatened Plant Species

No threatened plant species have been recorded in the study area.

3.5.9 Social Foresty

The main aim of Social Forestry Department is to increase the

plantation and to motivate the people for planting trees and to provide the source of

daily income for grazing.

Social Foresrty Division of Surat district has carried out plantations in few

areas along the roadside of villages is shown is Plate 3.5.4 and also see Annexure III. Various schemes have been started to develop village forest, fuel wood resources

and rehabilitation of degraded forest land.

Trees species used in social forestry are all local and native species and fruit

tree. Some of the species recorded in that area are Azadirachta indica Eucalyptus,

Ficus religiousa, Syzygium cumini, Tamarindus indica, Ficus bengalensis, Tectona

grandis, Casuriana equsetifolia,.Delonix regia, Acacia auriculiformis, Dalbergia sissoo,

Moringa oleifera, Vitex nigundo, Terminalia arjuna and Acacia catechu, Psidium guajava.

List of plant species planted by Social Forestry Department is shown in Table 3.5.5.

3.5.10 Agriculture

The agricultural fields are interrupted by pastures, fallows and waste land. The

main crops observed in the study area are Sugarcane (Plate 3.5.5), Cotton (Plate 3.5.6), Wheat, Groundnut, Castor, Greengram, Bajra, and Mustard Mung (Vigna mungo).The

crops grown are Bajari, Jowar, Moong, etc. Major crops grown in the area are Bajra

(Pennisetum typhoides), jowar (Sorghum species), Til (Sessamum), Cotton (Gossipium

species) Soyabean (Glycine max). Production and productivity of agricultural crops of

Surat district in rabi-summer season (2010-11) and kharif season (2010-11) are given in

Tables 3.5.6-3.5.7.

The data of annual rainfall of Surat district is given in Table 3.5.8.

3.5.10.1 Horticulture

Plantation and Horticulture is an important segment of agriculture that helps in

acceleration of economic development in Surat district. The estimated total production

and productivity of horticultural crops in the Surat district was shown in Table 3.5.9.


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Commonly grown horticultural plants are Guava, Mango, Lemon, Banana,

Grapes, Abelmoschus esculentus (Lady finger), Solanum tuberosum (Potato), Manilkara

zapota and Capsicum annum.etc. as well as some vegetables.

3.5.11 Green Belt around the Industry

The green belt around the proposed unit includes varieties of trees such as

Casurina equsetifolia and Ashoka (Saraca indica), Peltoforum sp., Ziziphus marutina,

Syzgium cumini, Delonix regia, Acacia auriculiformis.

Map of green belt development shown in Fig. 3.5.2. The list of tree plantation is

given in Table 3.5.10. The plantation developed around the existing plant of GIPCL is

shown in Plate 3.5.4.

3.5.12 Faunal Biodiversity

3.5.12.1 Mammals

During observations, the sighting of wild animals was negligible in the entire

study area. The assessment of wild life fauna has been carried out on the basis of

information collected from the Ranger Officer and personal interviews with local peoples.

The wildlife animals found in the study area are Rabbit, Blue bull, Fox, Wild boar

according information collected from local people.

3.5.12.2 Reptiles

During field survey Garden Lizard was observed in the study area, as per the

Ranger officer and the local information collected from the villagers there are snakes

belonging to both poisonous and non-poisonous category. According to Villegers

Dhaman ( Lycodon aulicus ) and Ratsnake (Ptyas mucosus) found in the study area.

3.5.12.3 Insects

Insects can also serve as useful indicators of forest biodiversity. They are

responsible for a large part of the complex interconnections that characterize forest

ecosystems. The insect communities that are present in forests help to maintain crucial

ecological processes and preserve biodiversity as a whole. They participate in most of the

ecological processes that sustain ecosystems. Many more characteristics of insects

made them the most important part of ecological balance.

During survey period, varieties of insects were also observed; Insects like

Dragonflies, Butterflies, Honey Bees, and House Fly are observed.


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3.5.13 Avifaunal Investigation

Avifauna is an important part of the ecosystem playing the various roles as

scavengers, pollinators, predators of insect pest etc. They are the bio-indicators of

different status of environment like urbanization, industrialization and human disturbance.

They are one of the best indicators of ecosystem. The areas having good bird diversity.

They can be sensitive indicators of pollution problems and function as early warning

system.

Peafowl is mostly found in the study area and is shown in Plate 3.5.7. Dominant

birds in the study area are cattle egret, little egret, Red vented bulbul, Black drongo, pond

heron, Red wattled lapwing (Plate 3.5.8), Night heron, Indian roller, Common myna,

Hoopoe (Plate 3.5.9), House sparrow, House crow, Crow pheasant (Plate 3.5.10),

Small green bee eater, Spotted dove, Rose ring parakeet, Blue rock pigeon, House swift,

common babbler, Magpie robin (Plate 3.5.11) and the other birds are White ibis, Purple

moorhen, Black ibis, White wagtail. List of Avifauna observed in the study area is

depicted in Table 3.5.11.

3.5.14 National Park/Reserve Forest or Wildlife Sanctuary

There is no National Park/Sanctuary, Elephant/Tiger reserve area within 25 km

from the project site. However, the Umarpara Forest is 50 km away from the project site.


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Plate 3.5.1 : Dominant Species Prosopis Juliflora Observed in Study Area (Core Zone)

Plate 3.5.2 : Aquatic plant Nelumbo spp. observed near Nana Nagma village pond (Buffer Zone)


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Plate 3.5.3 : A View of Euphorbia caducifolia observed in Study Area (Buffer Zone)

Plate 3.5.4 : Plantation Developed around the Existing Plant


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Plate 3.5.5 : Sugarcane Field Observed in Study Area (Core Zone)

Plate 3.5.6 : Cotton field observed near Wasrai village (Buffer Zone)


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Plate 3.5.7 : Common peafowl (Pavo cristatus) observed near Shah Navapara

Plate 3.5.8 : Red wattled lapwing (Vanellus indicus) observed near Asodla village


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Plate 3.5.9 : Hoopoe (Upupa epops) observed near Charetha village

Plate 3.5.10 : Crow pheasant (Centropus sinensis) observed near Asodla village


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Plate 3.5.11 : Magpie robin (Copsychus saularis) observed in study area


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Ushker Ramkund



Dungri

Chareth

Wastan

Borsad

Surali Nogama

Shah

Vasravi

Borigala

Tuked

Mota Miya Mangrol

Luwara

Dharampur

Togapur

5 km 10 km A

B

C

D

N

Fig. 3.5.1 : Sampling Locations for Biological Monitoring


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Fig.

3.5

.2 :

Map

of G

IPC

L G

reen

belt


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Table 3.5.1

List of Sampling Locations

Sr. No.

Surveyed villages Latitude Longitude

Core Zone

1. Nani Naroli N 21O22’ 47.3”

E 073O05’ 43.0”

2. Dungri N 21O24’14.2” E 073O07’31.5”

3. Surali N 21O25’15.72” E 073O05’ 44.68”

4. Shah Navapara N 21O26’ 09.8” E 073O08’ 23.3”

5. Nogama N 21O25’ 18.5” E 073O04’ 47.4”

Buffer Zone

6. Vasravi N 21O25’44.6” E 073O09’46.2”

7. Mangrol N 21O 27’41.7” E 073O09’17.3”

8. Luwara N 21O28’19.7” E 073O04’ 24.8”

9. Ushker, Ram kund N 21O20’ 23.5” E 073O05’ 54.0”

10. Asodla N 21O24’32.4” E073O03’28.7”

11. Tadkeshwar N 21O22’ 29.2” E 073O03’ 16.3”


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Table 3.5.2

List of Flora recorded from Forest Division

Sr. No. Local Name Scientific Name Family Core Zone

Buffer Zone

Trees 1. Akash limdo Millingtonia hortensis Bignoniaceae - - 2. Al Morinda tomentosa Rubiaceae - - 3. Alan Elaeodendron roxburghii Celastraceae - - 4. Amba Mangifera indica* Anacardiaceae + + 5. Ambadi Spondias pinnata Anacardiaceae - - 6. Amli Tamarindus indica* Fabaceae + + 7. Amla Emblica officinalis* Phyllanthaceae - + 8. Aniar Acacia leucophloea* Fabaceae + + 9. Ankol Alangium salvifolium Alangiaceae - - 10. Arduso Ailanthus excelsa Simaroubaceae - - 11. Arjunsadad Terminalia arjuna Combretaceae - - 12. Aritha Sapindus emarginatus Sapindaceae - - 13. Asan Bridelia squamosa Euphorbiaceae - - 14. Asitro, Asitari Bauhinia racemosa Caesalpiniaceae - - 15. Bahedo Terminalia bellerica* Combretaceae - + 16. Bakam,

Bakamlimdo Melia azadiracta Meliaceae - -

17. Bakul Mimusops elengi Sapotaceae - - 18. Bawal Acacia nilotica* Fabaceae + + 19. Bhilamo Semecarpus anacardium Anacardiaceae - - 20. Bhindi Thespesia populnea Malvaceae - - 21. Bili or Bel Aegle marmelos * Rutaceae - + 22. Biyo Pterocarpus marsupium

varacuminatus Fabaceae - -

23. Bondaro Lagerstroemia parviflora Lythraceae - - 24. Bor Ziziphus mauritiana* Rhamnaceae + + 25. Chameli Bauhinia purpurea* Caesalpiniaceae - + 26. Charoli Buchanania lanzan Anacardiaceae - - 27. Dandosi, Patrali Dalbergia lanceolaria Fabaceae - - 28. Dhaman Grewia tiliaefolia Tiliaceae - - 29. Dhamoda, Dhavada Anogeissus latifolia* Combretaceae - +


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Buffer Zone

30. Kaliosiras Albizia odoratissima Mimosaceae - - 31. Garmalo Cassia fistula* Caesalpiniaceae + + 32. Ghatbor Ziziphus xylopyrus* Rhamnaceae + + 33. Gota Terma orientalis Ulmaceae - - 34. Garad Acacia senegal Fabaceae - - 35. Gundi Cordia dichotoma Ehretiaceae - - 36. Gulmohor Delonix regia* Caesalpiniaceae + + 37. Gongad Xeromphis uliginosa Rubiaceae - - 38. Haldwan Adina cordifolia Rubiaceae - - 39. Harda Terminalia chebula* Combretaceae - + 40. Indrajav Holarrhena antidysenterica Apocynaceae - - 41. Jambuda Syzygium cumini * Myrtaceae + + 42. Kadwai Hymenodictyon excelsum Rubiaceae - - 43. Kadaya Sterculia urens Sterculiaceae - - 44. Kakad Garuga pinnata Burseraceae - - 45. Kalam Mitragyna parvifolia Rubiaceae - - 46. Kanti Acacia ferruginea Fabaceae - - 47. Karanj Pongamia pinnata Fabaceae - - 48. Karvat Dillenia pentagyna Dilleniaceae - - 49. Kamilo Mallotus philippensis Euphorbiaceae - - 50. Khair Acacia catechu* Mimosaceae - + 51. Khajuri Phoenix sylvestris* Arecaceae + + 52. Khatambo Piliostigma malabaricum Caesalpiniaceae - - 53. Kudi Wrightia tinctoria Apocynaceae - - 54. Kudo Wrightia tomentosa Apocynaceae - - 55. Kumhbio Careya arborea* Lecythidaceae - + 56. Kusum Schleichera oleosa Sapindaceae - - 57. Kilai Albizia procera* Fabaceae + + 58. Kothi Limonia acidissima Rutaceae - - 59. Limdo Azadirachta indica* Meliaceae + + 60. Manjo Casearia graveolens Flacourtiaceae - - 61. Modad Lannea coromandelica Anacardiaceae - - 62. Mokha Schrebera swietenioides Oleaceae - - 63. Mahudo Madhuca indica * Sapotaceae - + 64. Nana Lagerstroemia lanceolata Lythraceae - -


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Buffer Zone

65. Nilgiri Eucalyptus spp.* Myrtaceae + + 66. Nimbora Melia composite Meliaceae - - 67. Papdi Holoptelea integrifolia Ulmaceae - - 68. Patarali Dalbergia paniculata Fabaceae - - 69. Payar Ficus rumphii Moraceaes - - 70. Palas Butea monosperma* Fabaceae + + 71. Pangaro Erythrina variegata Fabaceae - - 72. Petari Trewia nudiflora Euphorbiaceae - - 73. Pipal Ficus religiosa* Moraceae + + 74. Pipli Ficus amplissima Moraceae - - 75. Raintree-Ratosiras Samanea saman Fabaceae - - 76. Royan Soymida febrifuga Meliaceae - - 77. Siras Albizia lebbeck* Fabaceae + + 78. Sadad Terminalia crenulata Combretaceae - - 79. Sag Tectona grandis* Verbenaceae - + 80. Saragvo Moringa oleifera* Moringaceae + + 81. Sawar Bombax Ceiba Bombacaceae - - 82. Sisham Dalbergia latifolia Fabaceae - - 83. Sivan Gmelina arborea Verbenaceae - - 84. Tad Borassus flabellifer* Arecaceae + + 85. Tiwas, Tanach Ougeinia oojeinensis Fabaceae - - 86. Tavra Avicennia officinalis Avicenniaceae - - 87. Tetu Oroxylum indicum Bignoniaceae - - 88. Timru Diospyros melanoxylon Ebenaceae - - 89. Umbh Miliusa tomentosa Annonaceae - - 90. Umro Ficus racemosa* Moraceae + + 91. Vad Ficus bengalesis* Moraceae + + 92. Varas Heterophragma quadriculare Bignoniaceae - - 93. Waring Kydia calycina Malvaceae - - Shrubs and Herbs 94. Agethi, Agera Achyranthes aspera Amarantaceae - - 95. Akdo Calotropis gigantean* Asclepiadaceae - + 96. Ami Clerodendrum multiflorum Verbenaceae - - 97. Atedi Helicteres isora Sterculiaceae - - 98. Awal Cassia auriculata Caesalpiniaceae - -


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Buffer Zone

99. Bhoinumru Ficus heterophylla Moraceae - - 100. Bordi Zizyphus oenoplia * Rhamnaceae - + 101. Chanibor Zizyphus nummularia Rhamnaceae - - 102. Chhini Tamarix dioica Tamaricaceae - - 103. Chikan Sida acuta Malvaceae - - 104. Chipalchonga Tephrosia senticosa Fabaceae - - 105. Chilari Caesalpinia decapetala Caesalpiniaceae - - 106. Chilar Acacia intsia Mimosaceae - - 107. Daiti Woodfordia fruticosa Lythraceae - - 108. Darudi Argemone mexicana Papaveraceae - - 109. Dholochitro Plumbago zeylanica Plumbaginaceae - - 110. Dussorudi Colebrookea oppositifolia Lamiaceae - - 111. Ekharu Hygrophila auriadata Acanthaceae - - 112. Galgugal Flacourtia indica Flacourtiaceae - - 113. Gokhru Pedalium murex Padaliaceae - - 114. Harkuri Hemidesmus indlcus Periplocaceae - - 115. Hathi sundhu Heliolropium rariflorum Boraginaceae - - 116. Hingori Balanites aegyptiaca Balanitaceae - - 117. Danti, Janialgota Baliospennurn montanum Euphorbiaceae - - 118. Jangli bhindo Hibiscus vitifolius Malvaceae - - 119. Jangli tulsi Ocimum americanum Lamiaceae - - 120. Jangli kela Ensete superbum Musaceae - - 121. Jangli umardo Ficus hispida Moraceae - - 122. Jethi madh Taverniera. cuneifolia Fabaceae - - 123. Jhibheti Eranthemum roseum Acanthaceae - - 124. Kajla Aegiceras corniculatus Myrsinaceae - - 125. Kanksi Abutilon indicum Malvaceae - - 126. Karamdi Cariss congesta Apocynaceae - - 127. Kantharo Capparis sepiaria Capparaceae - - 128. Karvi, Karav Carvia callosa Acanthaceae - - 129. Ketaki Agave Americana Agavaceae - - 130. Mindhal Xeromphis spinosa Rubiaceae - - 131. Nago, Nirgund Vitex negundo* Verbenaceae - + 132. Nanikarvi Eranthemum purpurascens Acanthaceae - - 133. Pavta Costus speciosus costaceae - -


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Buffer Zone

134. Popatiya Moghania strobilifera Fabaceae - - 135. Ratanjot Jatropha curcas Euphorbiaceae - - 136. Sarabal Vicoa indica Asteraceae - - 137. Tonavel toran Zizyphus rugosa Rhamnaceae - - 138. Thor Euphoribia neriifolia* Euphorbiaceae + + 139. Ukhardo Celosia argentea Amaranthaceae - - 140. Vachhang Gloriosa superba Liliaceae - - 141. Vaghnakh Martynia annua Martyniaceae - - 142. Velantaro Dichrostachys cinerea Mimosaceae - - 143. Vikro Maytenus emarginata Celastraceae - - 144. Yenkdi Falcourtia Montana Flacourtiaceae - - 145. Zipti Triumfetta rhomboidea Tiliaceae - - Climbers - 146. Abvel Canavalia gladiata Fabaceae - - 147. Arvel Ipomea pes-caprae Convolvulaceae - - 148. Achhvel Ventilago maderaspatana Rhamnaceae - - 149. Akaswel or Amrvel Cuscuta reflexa* Convolvulaceae + - 150. Alai Dalbergia volubilis Fabaceae - - 151. Chanothi Abrus precatorius Fabaceae - - 152. Chilari Acacia pinnata Mimosaceae - - 153. Charvel Tinospora cordifolia Menispermaceae - - 154. Dodi Dregea volubilis Asclepiadaceae - - 155. Kangarvel Celastrus paniculata Celastraceae - - 156. Kavach Mucuna prurita Fabaceae - - 157. Kuvel Dioscorea pentaphylla Dioscoreaceae - - 158. Kundvel Cissus quadrangularis Vitaceae - -

159. Morvel Millettia racemosa Fabaceae - - 160. Mendhvel Cryptolepis buchanani Periplocaceae - - 161. Palasvel Butea superba Fabaceae - - 162. Panivel Cissus repanda Vitaceae - - 163. Tanvel Cocculus hirsutus Menispermaceae - -

Bamboos 164. Katas Bambusa arundinacea Poaceae - - 165. Manvel Dendrocalamus strictus Poaceae - -


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Buffer Zone

Grasses 166. Baru Sorghum halepense Poaceae - - 167. Belkhaclu Ischamum indicum Poaceae - - 168. Bhatadi Themeda quadrivalvis Poaceae - - 169. Bhatadu Themeda triandra Poaceae - - 170. Bhatadu, ful-ghas Themeda triandra Poaceae - - 171. Bhimru Oplimenus burmanii Poaceae - - 172. Chhaj Impcrttln cylindrical Poaceae - - 173. Ctiktu Setaria tomentosa Poaceae - - 174. Daro, Durva Cynodon dactylon Poaceae - - 175. Dholiu Ischaemum rugosum Poaceae - - 176. Dodiu Ischaemum pilosum Poaceae - - 177. Dhramnu Cenchrus setigerus Poaceae - - 178. Kansari Coix lachryma-jobi Poaceae - - 179. Karkadiu Apluda mutica Poaceae - - 180. Kharhalu Chrysopogon fulvus Poaceae - - 181. Nanibhatadi Pseudathisteria heleroclita Poaceae - - 182. Rathedo Dichanthium annulantum Poaceae - - 183. Rosha Cymbopogon martinii Poaceae - - 184. Uth-lampdo Aristida adscensionis Poaceae - - 185. Vandarium ghas Tragus biflorsu Poaceae - - 186. Vad-bajariu Arundinella setosa Poaceae - - 187. Zinzvo Andropogon pumilus Poaceae - -

Source: Forest Department Surat, District, Gujarat *: observed by NEERI team during field survey


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Table 3.5.3

List of fauna recorded from Forest Department

Sr. No.

Scientific Name Common Name Family Status in Wildlife

Protection Act-1972

Core Zone

Buffer Zone

Mammals 1. Panthera pardus Leopard or Panther Felidae Schedule I - - 2. Cervus unicolor Sambhar Cervidae Schedule III - - 3. Axis axis Spotted Deer Cervidae Schedule III - - 4. Sus scrofa Indian Wild Boar Suidae Schedule III - - 5. Lepus nigricollis Indian Hare Leporidae Schedule IV - - 6. Hyaena hyaena Hyaena Hyaenidae Schedule III - - 7. Canis aureus Jackal Canidae Schedule II - - 8. Hystrix indica Indian porcupine Hystricidae Schedule IV - - 9. Felis chaus Jungle Cat Felidae Schedule II - - 10. Canis lupus Indian Wolf Canidae Schedule I - -

11. Tetracerus quadricornis

Four Horned Antelope

Bovidae Schedule I - -

12. Felis bengalensis Leopard Cat Felidae Schedule I - -

13. Boselaphus tragocamelus*

Blue Bull Bovidae Schedule-III - +

14. Vulpes bengalensis Indian Fox Canidae Schedule II - - 15. Macaca mulatta Rhesus Macaque Cercopithecidae Schedule II - - 16. Presbytis entellus* Common Langur Cercopithecidae Schedule II + + 17. Herpestes edwardsii* Common

Mongoose Herpestidae Schedule II - +

18. Indian pangolin scaly ant eater flying fox

Manis crassicaudata

Manidae I - -

19. Lutra lutra Otters Mustelidae Schedule II - - Reptiles 20. Python molurus Pithon Pythonidae Schedule I - - 21. Vipera russelli Russel viper Viperidae - - - 22. Lycodon aulicus Dhaman Colubridae Schedule II - - 23. Varanus nebulosus Monitor lizzard Varanidae Schedule - II - - 24. Naja naja cobra Elapidae - - 25. Ptyas mucosus Common Rat

Snake Colubridae Schedule II - -

26. Calotes versicolor * Common Garden Lizard

Agamidae - + +

27. Lissemys punctata Indian flapshell turtle

Trionychidae Schedule I - -


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Sr. No.

Scientific Name Common Name Family Status in Wildlife

Protection Act-1972

Core Zone

Buffer Zone

28. Eryx johnii Red Sand Boa Boidae - - - 29. Ahaetulla nasuta Common Green

Whip Snake Colubridae - - -

30. Amphiesma stolata Buffstripd keelback Colubridae Schedule IV - - 31. Atretium schistosum Olive Keelback

water Snake Colubridae Schedule II - -

32. Boiga forsteni Foresten’s Cat Snake

Colubridae Schedule IV - -

33. Boiga trigonata Common Cat Snake


34. Elaphe Helena Helena Common Trinket Snake


35. Macropisthodon plumbicolor

Green Keelback Colubridae Schedule IV - -

36. Xenochrophis piscator Checkered Keel Back

Colubridae Schedule II - -

37. Echis carinatus Saw Scaled Viper Viperidae Schedule IV - -

Source : Forest Department, Surat District, Gujarat *: observed by NEERI team during field survey


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Table 3.5.4

List of Medicinal Plants Recorded from working plan of Forest Division

Sr. No Local Name Scientific Name Family

Tress 1. Amba Mangifera indica Anacardiacae

2. Amli Tamarindus indica Caesalpiniacae

3. Amla Emblica officinalis Ceasalpiniaceae

4. Arjunsadad Terminalia arjuna Combretaceae

5. Bahedo Terminalia bellirica Combretaceae

6. Bakam Melia azadiracta Meliaceae

7. Bawal Acacia nilotica Mimosaceae

8. Garmalo Cassia fistula Fabaceae

9. Gundi Cordia dichotoma Boraginaceae

10. Jambudo Syzygium cumini Myrtaceae

11. Karanj Pogamia pinnata Fabaceae

12. Kilai Albizia procera Mimosaceae

13. Limbo Azadirachta indica Meliaceae

14. Mahudo Madhuca indica var latifolia sapotaceae

15. Nilgiri Eucalyptus sp. Myrtaceae

16. Palas Butea monosperma Fabaceae

17. Pipal Ficus religiosa Moraceae

18. Sag Tectona grandis Verbenaceae

19. Vad Ficus bengalensis Moraceae

Shrubs and Herbs 20. Akdo Calotropis gigantea Asclepiadaceae

21. Nago, Nirgund Vertex Negundo Verbenaceae

Bamboos 22. Manvel Dendrocalamus strictus Poaceae

Source: Forest Department Surat, District, Gujarat


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Table 3.5.5

List of plant species planted by Social Forestry

Sr. No. Scientific Name Family

1. Acacia auriculiformis Mimosaceae

2. Azadirachta indica Meliaceae

3. Casuarina equisetifolia Casuarinaceae

4. Dalbergia sissoo Fabaceae

5. Delonix regia Fabaceae

6. Eucalyptus sp. Myrtaceae

7. Ficus bengalensis Moraceae

8. Ficus religiosa Moraceae

9. Mangifera indica Anacardiaceae

10. Moringa oleifera Moringaceae

11. Syzygium cumini Myrtaceae

12. Tectona grandis Verbanaceae

13. Tamarindus indica Caesalpiniacae

14. Terminalia arjuna Combretaceae

15. Psidium guajava Myrtaceae

Source : Social Forestry Department Surat, District, Gujarat


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Table 3.5.6

Cultivated Area Production and Productivity of Surat District

(Rabi-season 2011-12)

Sr. No. Name of crop Area Production Productivity(MT)

1. Muskmelon 13496 3510 47371

2. Wheat 6153 3675 22612

3. Jawar 1291 1854 2394

4. Maize 388 2268 880

5. Wal 295 864 255

6. Tuor 450 1296 583

7. Mug 3287 648 2130

8. Gram 968 840 813

9. Kohala 81 432 35

10. Ground nut 1117 2375 2653

11. Cane 93612 78750 7371945

12. Divela 128 1890 242

13. Mustard 107 1296 139

14. Ghacacaro 12449 - -

15. Shakbhaji 13443 - -

Total 147265

Source : Agriculture Department, Surat, District, Gujarat


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Table 3.5.7

Cultivated area production and productivity of Surat district (Kharif season 2011-12)

Sr. No. Name of crop Area Production Productivity(MT)

1. Muskmelon 34359 3360 115446 2. Jawar 5041 1418 7148 3. Maize 677 1575 1066 4. Tuor 433 1124 487 5. Mug 1233 788 972 6. Urad 683 450 307 7. Kohala 268 630 169 8. Ground nut 1323 1580 2090 9. Sesamum 132 532 70 10. Divela 208 1764 367 11. Cotton 2645 2268 35287 12. Soyabean 12724 945 12024 13. Shakbhaji 14213 - -

Total 73939 16434 175433 Source : Agriculture Department, Surat, District, Gujarat

Table 3.5.8

Annual Rainfall of Surat district

Sr. No. Name of taluka Rainfall (mm) 2009 2010 2011

1. Khardoli 1430 1475 1553 2. Chaurasi 1332 1406 959 3. Kamrej 1628 1614 1699 4. Mahuwa 1847 1596 1571 5. Mandwi 951 1119 1287 6. Mangrol 869 1339 1045 7. Palsana 1029 1558 1157 8. Olpad 1455 1412 1196 9. Umarpada 2281 1746 2441

Total 14733 14033 12910 Source : Agriculture Department, Surat, District, Gujarat


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Table 3.5.9

Production and productivity of Horticulture Crops

Sr. No.

Year Flowers Spices Vegetables Fruits Medicinal plants Others

Pro-duction

( MT)

Pro-ductivity (MT/Ha)

Pro-duction

(MT)


Pro-duction

(MT)


Pro-duction

(MT)


Pro-duction

(MT)


Pro-duction (MT)


1. 2008-09 5077 9.13 17022 12.18 241351 12.56 136761 36.03 236 5.9 6811 37.42

2. 2009-10 - - 19175 13.34 259496 13.29 829760 38.11 628 8.15 - -

3. 2010-11 7496.8 9.12 21776 12.69 262513.2 13.43 856449.6 38.77 - - 33516.17 12.81

Source : District Horticulture Department, Surat


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Table: 3.5.10

List of Plant Species found in Green Belt

Sr. No. Name of Plant

1. Acacia auriculiformis 2. Acacia catechu 3. Achras sapota 4. Albizia amara 5. Albizzia lebbeck 6. Albizzia procera 7. Annona squamosa 8. Azardirachta indica 9. Bambusa bamboo 10. Butea monosperma 11. Cassia fistula 12. Cassia siamea 13. Casuarina equisetifolia 14. Cordial dicotoma 15. Dalbergia sissoo 16. Delonix regia 17. Dendrocalamus strictus 18. Emblica officinalis 19. Eucalyptus sp 20. Ficus religiosa 21. Gmelia arborea 22. Grevelia robusta 23. Jatropha curcas 24. Jatropha gossypifolia 25. Kigelia pinnata 26. Leucana leucocephala 27. Madhuca indica 28. Mangifera indica 29. Melia azardirach 30. Moringa oleifera 31. Nyctanthes sp 32. Peltophorum pteroarpum 33. Pithocelobium dulce 34. Pongamia pinnata 35. Psidium guajava 36. Samania saman 37. Sapindus emarginata 38. Sesbsnia grandifolia 39. Syzygium cuminii 40. Syzygium cuminii 41. Tamarindus indica 42. Tectona grandis 43. Terminalia bellerica 44. Terminalia chebula 45. Thespesia popunea 46. Zizyphus xylopyrus 47. Zyzypus jujuba

Source : Data provided by GIPCL


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Table 3.5.11

List of Avifauna Observed by NEERI Team

Sr. No.

Common Name Scientific Name Family Status in Wildlife

Protection Act-1972

Status in IUCN Category

Core Zone

Buffer Zone

1. Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis Ardeidae Schedule IV Least Concern + +

2. Common Myna Acridotheres tristis Sturnidae Schedule IV Least Concern + +

3. Common Peafowl Pavo cristatus Phasianidae Schedule I Least Concern - +

4. Common Babbler Turdoides caudata Timaliidae Schedule IV Least Concern + +

5. House Crow Corvus splendens Corvidae Schedule V Least Concern + +

6. Ring Dove Streptopelia decaocto Columbidae Schedule IV Least Concern - +

7. Indian Robin Saxicoloides fulicatus Muscicapidae Schedule IV Least Concern + +

8. Jungle Crow Corvus macrorhynchos

Corvidae - Least Concern - +

9. Little Cormorant Phalacrocorax niger Phalacrocoracidae Schedule IV Least Concern - +

10. Magpie Robin Copsychus saularis Muscicapidae - Least Concern + +

11. Black Ibis Pseudibis papillosa Threskiornithidae Schedule IV Least Concern - +

12. House Sparrow Passer domesticus Passeridae - Least Concern + + 13. Purple Sunbird Cinnyris asiaticus Nectariniidae Schedule IV Least Concern - +

14. Red Vented Bulbul

Pycnonotus cafer Pycnonotidae Schedule IV Least Concern + +

15. Red whishkered Bulbul

Pycnonotus gocosus Pycnonotidae Schedule IV Least Concern - +

16. Small Blue Kingfisher

Alcedo atthis Alcedinidae Schedule IV Least Concern - +

17. White Breasted Kingfisher

Halcyon smyrnensis Halcyonidae - Least Concern + +

18. Small Green Bee Eater

Merops orientalis Meropidae - Least Concern + +

19. White Wagtail Motacilla alba Motacillidae - Least Concern

- +

20. Indian Roller or Blue Jay

Coracias benghalensis

Coraciidae Schedule IV Least Concern + +

21. Blue Rock Pigeon Columba livia Columbidae - Least Concern + +

22. Rose Ringed Parakeet

Psittacula krameri Psittaculidae Schedule IV Least Concern - +

23. Black drongo Dicrurus macrocercus Dicrcuridae Schedule IV Least Concern + +

24. Little Egret Egretta garzetta Ardeidae Schedule IV Least Concern + +

25. Greater Coucal Centropus sinensis Cuculidae Schedule IV Least Concern - +

26. Pied Bushchat Saxicola caprata Muscicapidae / Turdinae

- - + +


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Sr. No.

Common Name Scientific Name Family Status in Wildlife

Protection Act-1972

Status in IUCN Category

Core Zone

Buffer Zone

27. House Swift Apus affinis Apodidae - Least Concern - +

28. White Ibis Threskiornis melanocephala

Threskiornithidae Schedule IV Least Concern - +

29. Hoopoe Upupa epops Upupidae - Least Concern + +

30. Indian Pond Heron

Ardeola grayii Ardeidae Schedule IV Least Concern + +

31. Spotted Dove Streptopelia chinensis Columbidae Schedule IV Least Concern + +

32. Rufous Backed Shrike

Lanius schach Laniidae - Least Concern - +

33. Black Winged Stilt

Himantopus himantopus

Recurvirostridae Schedule IV Least Concern - +

34. Red rumped Swallow

Hirundo daurica Hirundinidae - Least Concern - +

35. Pied Kingfisher Ceryle rudis Cerylidae Schedule IV Least Concern - +

36. Little Brown Dove Spilopelia senegalensis

Columbidae schedule IV Least Concern - +

Chapter 3 :Description of the Environment

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3.6 Socio-economic Environment Environment is a whole complex of physical, social, economic, cultural and

aesthetic dimensions which affects individual, communities and ultimately determines

their forms, characters, relationships and survivals. As such it becomes imperative to

integrate the components of socio-economic environment in impact assessment study

related to environment conservation, protection and management. The social

environment refers to demographic structure of the area incorporating population

dynamics, infrastructure resource base and health status of the community, while

economic environment refers to land utilization pattern, land values, employment

generation, industrial development and sustainability of the project in financial term. The

aesthetic environment refers to scenic value of the area, tourist attraction, forest, and

wildlife, historic and cultural monuments. The study of these parameters helps in

identification, prediction and evaluation of likely impacts on socioeconomics and

parameters of human interest due to proposed project.

3.6.1 Reconnaissance

The site for Environmental Impact Assessment for Proposed installation of Surat

Lignite Power Project (SLPP) Expansion Project, SLPP station – III, 2 x 300 MW capacity

Lignite Fired CFBC Technology Based Thermal Power Project at village Nani Naroli,

Taluka Mangrol, Dist. Surat of Gujarat Industries Power Company Ltd. (GIPCL).. The

study of socio-economic environment includes demographic structure, and availability of

basic amenities viz. housing education, health and medical services, water supply,

sanitation, transportation, communication and power supply.

3.6.2 Baseline Status

Baseline information is collected in order to delineate apply the socio-economic

profile of the study area. The process related database thus generated includes:

• Demographic structure

• Infrastructure base in the area

• Economic structure

• Health status

• Cultural attributes

• Socio economic status in relation to quality of life

• Public awareness and their concern about the project


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The primary socio economic data was collected through field survey in sample

villages in study area as well as the observations by the survey team. It has been subs

tainted with relevant socio-economic data from secondary sources of various official

records. viz., Census records, District statistical abstract, district health office, tourism

office etc. The sampling villages identified for socio-economic survey of the study area is

shown in Table 3.6.1 and the survey map, discussion with local authority and group

discussion with women group, photos given in Fig. 3.6.1, 3.6.2 & 3.6.3.

3.6.2.1 Demographic Structure

The demographic structures of the study area were collected from Census

record of Surat district. Study area covers three taluk. Study area comprises total 49

villages. The report described in two zone core and buffer zone. In core zone there is one

taluka including 8 villages and in buffer zone three taluka comes including 41 villages.

Demographic details such as number of persons per household, sex ratio, percentage of

SC & ST population and employment pattern is described in Table 3.6.2 and while the

summarized information is presented in Table 3.6.3. The salient features are as follows:

Core Zone

Total area in hector 7005.16 and Population density is 42.07 per sq km

Total population of the region as per 2001 census is 16648 out of which

8514 are male and female are 8134. Gender wise total Population is shown

in Fig 3.6.2

Sex ratio (number of male per thousand female) in the region is 955 this

shows that male population is higher in the region as compared with the

female population

Out of the total population Scheduled Caste 313(1.88%) and Scheduled

Tribe population is 10474(62.91%) respectively

Literacy rate of the population in the study area is 8596(51.63%).Literacy

rate is shown in Fig. 3.6.3

Total main worker population is 5195(31.20%, 2227(13.37%) come under

marginal worker category and 9226(55.41%) belong to non workers

category. Employment pattern details is shown in Fig. 3.6.4 and Main worker

Employment pattern is shown in Fig. 3.6.5

Buffer Zone

Total area in hector 25384.34 and Population density is 16.11 per sq km


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Total population of the region as per 2001 census is 157486 out of which

80387 are male and female are 77099. Gender wise details Shown in

Fig. 3.6.6

Sex ratio (number of male per thousand female) in the region is 959 this

shows that male population is higher in the region as compared with the

female population

Out of the total population Scheduled Caste 3802(2.41%) and Scheduled

Tribe population is 107115(68.01%) respectively

Literacy rate of the population in the study area is 79635(50.56%).Literacy

rate is shown in Fig. 3.6.7

Total main worker population is 56650(35.97%, 19530(12.40%) come under

marginal worker category and 81306(51.62%) belong to non workers

category. Employment pattern is shown in Fig. 3.6.8 and Main worker

Employment pattern shown in Fig. 3.6.9

3.6.2.2 Infrastructure Resource Base

The infrastructure resources base of the study area with reference to education,

medical facility, water supply, post and telegraph, transportation and communication

facility and power supply etc is presented in Table 3.6.4. The infrastructure resources

details have been abstracted from Housing, Household Amenities and Assets CD 2001 of

Gujarat state, Surat District are described below:

Education: Classes up to class 7th included in Primary schools. Classes from

eighth to tenth included in Higher Secondary School classes 11th and 12th are included in

senior secondary School. As per 2001 village directory record, all villages having

education facility in the form of primary school in which two villages not having any

facility, these are Charetha, and Ansodala. The primary school of Tadkeshwar village is

shown in Fig.3.6.10.

Water facility: All villages having water facility in the record of census 2001.

Main source of water is Tap water, Tube well, Well, Hand pump, rivers, and others

sources are Tank water. The water facility of the region is given in Fig. 3.6.11.

Transportation and Communication: Respondents are satisfied with the

existing transportation facility. All the villages are covered under state transportation bus

service. Buses have frequency of two or three times in a day and some villages have

navigable waterway, Road approaches are in all form like mud road, footpath, navigable

river, navigable waterway etc.


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Power Supply: All villages in the region are electrified and electricity is available

for domestic as well as commercial, agriculture purpose in all the villages.

Medical/Primary Health Care: Medical facilities in terms of health workers,

primary health sub centers and primary health centers are existing villages. The total

numbers of health facility is summarized below:

Primary Health Sub-centers : 6

Allopathic Hospital : 8

Maternity & Child Welfare : 3

Family Welfare Center : 5

Registered Private Medical Practitioner : 5

Allopathic Dispensary : 1

Primary Health Center : 1

T.B Clinic : 1 3.6.2.3 Economic Attributes

Economic resource base of any region mainly depends upon its economically

active group i.e. the working population involved in productive work. Work- Work may be

defined, as participation in any economically productive activity .Such participation may

be physical or mental in nature. Work involves not actual work but also effective

supervision and direction of work. It also includes unpaid work on farm or in family

enterprise.

There are different types of workers that may be classified as - Those persons

who had worked for at least six months or 183 days are treated to be Main Workers, on

the other hand if person categorized as worker has participated in any economic or

productive activity for less than six months or 183 days during the last one year are

treated as Marginal Workers and Non – Workers are those who have not worked any time

at all in the year preceding the enumeration.

The employment pattern of worker and Main worker the study area is described

below and presented in Table 3.6.5.

Core zone

Main worker population in the study area is 5195 (31.20%)

Majority of the worker i.e. 2688(51.74%) are engaged as agriculture

worker and cultivators workers are 1279 (24.61%)

There are 11(0.21%) house hold worker and main other population is


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1217(23.42%)

Total marginal worker in the study area are 2227 (13.37%)

Unemployment level is high in the region as non-worker population

accounts for more than half of the total population in the region i.e. 9226

(55.41%) Non-worker population includes student, household duties,

dependent, pensioner, beggar and others.

Buffer zone

Main worker population in the study area is 61845 (35.51%)

Majority of the worker i.e. 18529(29.96%) are engaged as main other

workers and cultivators workers are 16772 (27.11%)

There are 25683(41.52%) and 861 (1.39%) workers as agriculture and

house hold worker

Total marginal worker in the study area are 21757 (12.49%)

Unemployment level is high in the region as non-worker population

accounts for more than half of the total population in the region i.e. 90352

(51.98%) Non-worker population includes student, household duties,

dependent, pensioner, beggar and others.

3.6.2.4 Health status

Health is a very important socio-economic parameter; it has a direct linkage with

environment. As per the National Health Policy (1983), primary Health Care has been

accepted as main instrument for achieving this goal for the development and

strengthening of rural health care through three tire health infrastructure system i.e.

primary health sub-centre (PHS) primary health centre (PHC) and community health

centre (CHC) have been established.

The standards set by the national health policy are given below :

Population Infrastructure Personnel

3000-5000 1 Sub Centre 1 ANM(Auxiliary Nurse Midwife)

25,000-30,000 1 PHC, 6 Beds 2 medical Officer

1,00,000 Rural Hospital Medical Superintendent

During discussion with the Medical Officer of Primary Health Center, in Nani

Naroli villages, in Surat Dist. it has been revealed that the diseases prevailing Malaria,


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Diarrhea, eye problem and other generally reported were attributed due to improper

sanitation, dust and water logging.

The information regarding the Mortality rate of Mangrol taluk is given in Table

3.6.6 and the registered numbers of Mortality and Morbidity Pattern of the region in Nani

Naroli PHC is presented in Table 3.6.7 and Statistical Health Data of community health

center is shown in Table 3.6.8 and shown in Fig 3.6.12.

3.6.2.5 Cultural and Aesthetic Attributes

No cultural and Aesthetic important places are observed within the study area,

hence likely impact on such important places in ruled out.

3.6.3 Socio – Economic Survey

In order to assess and evaluate the likely impacts arising out of any

developmental projects on socio-economic environment, it is necessary to know the

apprehensions of the people in the project area. Socio-economic survey serves as an

effective tool for fulfilling this requirement socio-economic survey was conducted in the

study area. The villages are located in all directions with reference to project site by

interviewing Sarpanch of each village and respondents (adult’s male female) chosen by

using judgmental or purposive sampling methods representing various socio-economic

sections of the community.

Field Survey Information

The questionnaire mainly highlights the parameters such as income,

employment and working conditions, water supply, sanitation, health, energy,

transportation and communication, education, environment and pollution to assess the

quality of life of that particular region and general awareness of the respondents about

the project. Socio-economic survey was conducted in 10 villages within the study area

located in all directions with reference to the project site. Discussion with local villagers is

shown in Fig 3.6.13 and 3.6.14. The availability of facilities like Education, Medical,

Electricity and Sanitation, Employment and Awareness about project are shown in

Tables 3.6.9 to Table 3.6.12.

The salient observations recorded during the survey are given below:

Agriculture is the main occupation. The main crop is sugarcane the

surveyed area while few respondents are having job in private sector or

either government sector.


3.99

Education facilities are available up to primary school. For middle ,

secondary and higher studies people avail the facility from the nearest

block and district

Mainly wood is used as fuel since availability of Kerosene and LPG in the

villages

Most of the area are having electricity facility both for agricultural and

domestic purpose

Literacy level among the respondents is good. This is mainly because of

better educational facilities

Communication and transportation facilities are good in most of the

villages. Maximum villages having bus service facility

Many respondents expect job opportunities in construction as well as

operational phase

3.6.3.1 Awareness and Opinion

Awareness is the state or ability to perceive, to feel, or to be conscious of

events, objects or sensory patterns. In this level of consciousness, sense data can be

confirmed by an observer without necessarily implying understanding. In general,

an opinion is a subjective belief, and is the result of emotion or interpretation of facts. An

opinion may be supported by an argument, although people may draw opposing opinions

from the same set of facts. For assessing the awareness and opinion about the project

activity socio-economic survey was conducted in the sampling villages. The salient

observations drawn through survey are described below and shown in Table 3.6.13 :

A good number of respondent were aware about the project site.

Respondent opinion positively about the project. They said that any

developmental activity would make wider possibilities for the community,

and it will help to raise the life style of the area and Gujarat state also

3.6.4 Quality of Life

Quality of life (QoL) is a term, which indicates overall status of socio-economic

environment in a given area. Quality of life (QoL) is defined as a function between

“objective conditions” and “subjective attitudes” involving a defined “area” of concern.

The “objective conditions” are defined as numerically measurable artifacts of a

physical, sociological event or economic event. Objective conditions may be defined as


3.100

any number, which stands for a given quantity of a variable of interest so long as it is

independent of subjective opinion.

Subjective attitude” is primarily concerned with affective and cognitive

dimensions. It is specifically concerned with ‘how aspects of cognition vary with variation

in objective conditions.

Once objective measures are obtained for each factor they are transformed to a

normal scale varying from 0 to 1 (value function curve) in which 0 corresponds to the

lowest or least satisfactory measure, and 1 corresponds to the highest. The weights

assigned to each factor by ranked-pair wise technique, by the expert group based on the

secondary data and general observations.

For each objective measure, a corresponding subjective measure is developed

for each individual of the sample population by asking him to rate his satisfaction scale

(value function curve). It is used such that 0 corresponds to the lowest level of attitudinal

satisfaction and 1 corresponds to the highest level of satisfaction. Weights are assigned

to each factor using ranked - pair wise comparison techniques.

The Socio-economic Indicators for QoL Assessment are:

1. Income, Employment and Working Condition

2. Housing

3. Food

4. Clothing

5. Water Supply and Sanitation

6. Health

7. Energy

8. Transportation and Communication

9. Education

10. Environment and Pollution

11. Recreation

12. Social Security

13. Human Rights

I. Subjective quality of life

m p QoLs = 1/p ∑ ∑ QIij X Wi i =1 j=1


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Where,

QoLs = Subjective quality of life index

p = No. of respondents, j = 1, ......, p

m = No. of factors, i = 1, ......, m

QIij = Subjective quality index for ith factor assigned by jth respondent

∑ Qiij = Subjective quality index for ith factor assigned by all respondents in an area

Wi = Relative weightage of the ith factor

ii. Objective Quality of Life

i=n

QoLo = ∑ QIi X Wi

i=1

Where,

QoLo = Objective quality of life index

n = No. of QoL Factors

i = 1, ......, n

QIi = Satisfaction level (assigned by the expert group) for the ith objective indicator

Wi = Normalized weight for ith factor

III. Quality of Life (Cumulative Index)

QoLo + QoLs QoLc = ------------------ 2

The subjective and objective QoL indices prior to commissioning of the project

are presented in Table 3.6.14

The average QoL index values are estimated as:

Parameters Core Zone Buffer Zone

QoL (S) 0.51 0.51

QoL (O) 0.53 0.56

QoL (C) 0.52 0.54


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The average QoL index value for the study area is leaning towards medium

satisfactory level due to better economic status like income, employment and also

availability of basic needs, viz. food, clothing, and housing. The area lacking with medical,

educational facilities and social security, besides water scarcity, inadequate irrigation,

lack of sanitation, which are subjective conditions and are not much satisfactory as

compared to objective conditions.

3.6.5 Existing CSR Activity

Under the existing CSR activity the company has made provision and

implemented the various social activities for the villagers nearby the existing plant site.

The social activities are highlighted in the Plates 3.6.1-3.6.4.


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Plate 3.6.1 : Eye Camp-Diagnosis & Follow-up Treatment

Plate 3.6.2 : Taluka Level Science Mela


3.104

Plate 3.6.3 : Distribution of SS Dish & Toys to Aanganwadis

Plate 3.6.4 : Arrange Womens Seminar in Study Area Villages


3.105

Ushker Ramkund



Dungri

Charetha

Wastan

Borsad

Surali Nogama

Shah

Vasravi

Borigala

Tuked

Mota Miya Mangrol

Luwara

Dharampur

Togapur

5 km 10 km A

B

C

D

N

Fig. 3.6.1 : Sampling Locations in Study Area for Socio economic Environment

Chapter 3 :Description of Environment

3.106

Fig. 3.6.2 : Socio Economic Surved Map

Fig. 3.6.3 : Proportional Male, Female Distribution of Total Population in the Study Area in Core Zone


3.107

Fig. 3.6.4 : Literacy Rate of the Study Area In Core Zone (Source: 2001 Census of District)

Fig. 3.6.5 : Employment Pattern of working population in Study Area In Core Zone


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Fig 3.6.6 : Main Worker Employment Pattern of Working Population in the Study Area in Core Zone

Fig 3.6.7 : Proportional Male, Female Distribution of Total Population in the Study Area in Buffer Zone


3.109

Fig 3.6.8 : Literacy Rate of the study area in buffer zone (Source: 2001 Census of District)

Fig 3.6.9 : Employment Pattern of Working Population in the Study Area In Buffer Zone


3.110

Fig. 3.6.10 : Main Worker Employment Pattern of Working Population in the Study Area in Buffer Zone

Fig. 3.6.11 : Primary School in Tadkeshwar Village in the Study Area


3.111

Fig. 3.6.12 : Primary Health Center in Nani Naroli village in the Study Area

Fig 3.6.13 : Discussion with Local Authority in Surali village, Magrol Taluk in Gujarat State


3.112

Fig. 3.6.14 : Discussion with Women Group in Mangrol, Magrol Taluk in Gujarat State


3.113

Table 3.6.1

Survey Villages

Sr. No. Villages

Core Zone

1. Nani naroli

2. Dungri

3. Surali

4. Nogama

Buffer Zone

5. Vasravi

6. Tadakeshwar

7. Mangrol

8. Luwara

9. Ushker, Ramakund

10. Asodla


3.114

Table 3.6.2

Demographic Structure of the study area

Sr. No.

Village Area in Hector

Total House-

hold

Population Detail SC ST LIT Main worker

Marginal Work

Non Worker TP M F

Core Zone Mangrol Taluk ,District Surat

1. Shah 779.72 255 1246 644 602 0 831 548 632 21 593 2. Vasravi 1558.91 439 2340 1187 1153 46 1509 1092 418 855 1067 3. Jhankharda 415.35 120 572 301 271 2 333 285 198 12 362 4. Surali 498.63 81 394 192 202 0 391 206 39 203 152 5. Nani Naroli 1794.91 1094 6220 3224 2996 178 2493 3524 2062 73 4085 6. Umelav 574.14 54 243 125 118 0 230 70 91 67 85 7. Dungri 348.63 568 2515 1253 1262 71 1875 1249 938 151 1426 8. Borsad 1034.87 619 3118 1588 1530 16 2812 1622 817 845 1456

Total 7005.16 3230 16648 8514 8134 313 10474 8596 5195 2227 9226 Buffer Zone Mangrol Taluka, District Surat

9. Ankdod 655.18 286 1355 691 664 105 678 615 424 315 616 10. Gijram 499.79 377 1814 899 915 58 975 840 808 10 996 11. Amnedara 678.98 186 900 462 438 0 638 395 530 1 369 12. Nani Pardi 509.03 136 658 352 306 0 658 266 319 1 338 13. Kargara 258.65 58 271 139 132 0 268 108 113 12 146 14. Mangrol 901.72 1040 5354 2744 2610 208 2482 3178 1711 571 3072 15. Mosali 413.16 652 3405 1762 1643 117 1176 2138 888 453 2064 16. Kanvada 219.47 93 495 268 227 0 244 210 86 215 194 17. Kosadi 422.9 582 3328 1702 1626 59 1087 1925 1078 8 2242 18. Luwara 552.39 462 2322 1179 1143 131 1305 1257 1027 17 1278 19. Asarma 247.94 174 941 471 470 20 479 503 317 47 577 20. Ghunti 460.53 71 299 163 136 0 256 109 130 13 156 21. Limbada 1314.67 528 2434 1216 1218 188 1268 1233 1162 65 1207 22. Ranakpor 480.66 210 1004 533 471 4 331 513 432 33 539 23. Simodara 890.41 369 1676 840 836 228 813 872 932 4 740 24. Vadoli 511.86 155 732 362 370 0 547 300 401 14 317 25. Charetha 364.37 17 109 59 50 0 0 87 25 31 53 26. Ambavadi 375.44 545 2564 1287 1277 0 2225 1322 883 659 1022 27. Vastan 479.74 181 1268 990 278 0 428 1029 888 0 380 28. Nogama 426.43 184 830 439 391 0 575 329 239 0 591 29. Ansodala 329.28 27 89 49 40 0 79 20 60 2 27 30. Shenthi 686.59 162 791 415 376 63 515 417 404 0 387 31. Ratola 417.53 217 1032 534 498 0 1013 461 335 360 337 32. Verakui 964.49 477 2281 1153 1128 6 2245 1086 553 749 979 33. Kansali 469.68 181 745 381 364 0 745 319 498 20 227 34. Kosamba (CT) 2636 13543 6982 6561 864 2477 8962 4319 51 9173 35. Kosamba (CT)

- Ward No.1 2636 13543 6982 6561 864 2477 8962 4319 51 9173

Total 13530.89 12642 63783 33054 30729 2915 25984 37456 22881 3702 37200


3.115

Sr. No.

Village Area in Hector

Total House-

hold

Population Detail SC ST LIT Main worker

Marginal Work

Non Worker TP M F

Umarpada Taluka, District Surat 36. Umarpada 486.43 13977 68288 34285 34003 171 65867 29231 23599 13393 31296

Madvi Taluka, District Surat

37. Tadkeshvar 3619.69 1647 9046 4756 4290 312 2433 5684 2791 376 5879 38. Togapur 603.01 145 726 370 356 0 590 213 455 13 258 39. Dharampor 729.43 256 1280 661 619 0 1242 542 649 46 585 40. Kolsana 150.07 47 219 104 115 0 219 87 81 29 109 41. Tuked 1472.59 418 2057 1004 1053 2 2050 856 737 666 654 42. Madharkui 537.28 225 1063 544 519 3 1055 436 337 341 385 43. Borigala 586.22 290 1511 756 755 0 1480 610 700 211 600 44. Kolakui 398.58 106 507 253 254 0 507 242 247 101 159 45. Ushker

Ramkund 581.48 270 1300 641 659 100 814 549 475 0 825

46. Rosvad 403.08 466 2365 1224 1141 16 1336 1126 1295 5 1065 47. Nogama 1464.4 806 4286 2187 2099 283 2510 2087 1950 450 1886 48. Kalibel 570.36 113 560 288 272 0 560 220 267 96 197 49. Ushker Khurd 250.83 94 495 260 235 0 468 296 186 101 208

Total 11367.02 4883 25415 13048 12367 716 15264 12948 10170 2435 12810 Grand Total 64437.41 68900 345728 176557 170130.1 8605.414 233100 174871.6 125909 42154.4 177764.6

Source : Primary Census abstract, Census of India CD-2001, Surat District, Gujarat State TP : Total Population M : Male F : Female


3.116

Table 3.6.3

Demographic Summary of the study Are

Demographic Parameters Core Zone Buffer Zone

No. of Districts 1 1

No. of Talukas 1 3

No. of villages/ Urban Area 8 41

Total surveyed villages 5 5

Total no. of House Hold 3230 31502

Total Area in Hector 42.07 16.11

Total Populations 16648 157486

Schedule Cast % 313(1.88%) 3802(2.41%)

Schedule Tribe % 10474(62.91%) 107115(68.01%)

Sex Ratio(Per thousand Male) 955 959

Literates % 8596(51.63%) 79635(50.56%)

Main Workers % 5195(31.20%) 56650(35.97%)

Marginal Worker % 2227(13.37%) 19530(12.40%)

Non-Workers % 9226(55.41%) 81306(51.62%)

Source: Primary Censes Abstract, Censes of India 2001, District Surat, State Gujarat

3.117

Table 3.6.4

Infrastructure Resource Base in Study Area

Sr. No.

Villages Educational Facilities

Medical Facilities

Drinking Water Supply

Commu-nication Facilities

Trans-portation Facility

Approach Road

Power Supply

Core Zone Mangrol Taluka Dist. Surat 1. Shah … CHW T,W,HP PO,PH(8) BS PR,MR ED, EAG 2. Vasravi … PHS,FWC,

RMP,CHW T,W,TK, TW,HP

PO,PH(10) BS PR,FP EA

3. Jhankharda P PHS,CHW T,W,HP PO,PH(4) BS PR,MR EA 4. Surali P CHW W,HP PO BS PR,MR EA 5. Nani Naroli … MCW,CWC,PH

C,PHS, FWC,CHW

T,W,HP PO,PH(24) BS PR EA

6. Umelav P CHW T,W,HP BS MR,PR ED,EAG 7. Dungri P PHS,FWC,

CHW T(2),W,TK(2), TW(2), HP,R(2) ,C(2), S(2)

PO,PH(8) BS PR ED,EAG

8. Borsad P(3) PHS,CHW W,HP PO,PH(4) BS PR,MR ED,EAG 9. Ankdod P CHW T,W,HP PO,PH(14) BS PR,MR EA 10. Gijram P PHS,FWC,

RMP(2),CHW T,W,HP PO,PH(10) BS PR EA

11. Amnedara P PHS,FWC, CHW

T,W,HP,R,C

PH(3) BS PR,MR,FP EA

12. Nani Pardi P CHW T,W,HP BS PR,MR,FP ED, EAG 13. Kargara P CHW W,TK,HP PO BS PR,MR,FP ED, EAG 14. Mangrol P(4),I,TR H,D,MCW,MH,

CWC,PHS, FWC,TB,RMP,CHW,O

T,W,HP PO,TO,PTO, PH(110)

BS,RS PR,MR EA

15. Mosali P PHS,FWC,RMP,CHW

T,W,HP PO,TO,PTO, PH(45)

BS,RS PR EA

16. Kanvada P CWC,CHW T,W,TK,HP PO,PH BS PR EA 17. Kosadi P(3) CWC,PHS,CH

W T,W,HP PO,PH(10) BS,RS PR,MR,FP EA

18. Luwara … PHS,FWC,CHW

T,W,HP PO,PH(5) BS PR EA

19. Asarma P PHS,CHW T,W,HP,R,C

PO,PH(15) BS,RS PR,MR EA

20. Ghunti P CHW T,HP BS PR,MR,FP EA 21. Limbada P CWC,PHS,CH

W T,HP PO,PH(100) BS,RS PR,MR EA

22. Ranakpor P CHW T,W,HP PO,PH(15) BS MR EA 23. Simodara P MCW,CWC,PH

C,PHS,RMP, CHW

T,W,HP PO,PH(8) BS,RS PR,MR EA

3.118

Sr. No.

Villages Educational Facilities

Medical Facilities

Drinking Water Supply

Commu-nication Facilities

Trans-portation Facility

Approach Road

Power Supply

24. Vadoli P CHW T,W,HP PO,PH BS PR EA 25. Charetha … CHW W,HP PH(3) BS PR,MR ED,EAG 26. Ambavadi … PHS,CHW W,HP PO,PH(5) BS PR,MR, FP EA 27. Vastan P CHW T,W,HP PH(6) BS MR,PR EA 28. Nogama P CHW W,HP PO,PH(5) BS PR EA 29. Ansodala T,HP BS PR,MR,FP EA 30. Shenthi P PHS,CHW W,HP PH(5) BS PR EA 31. Ratola P CHW W,HP PO BS PR,FP EA 32. Verakui P PHS,FWC,

CHW W,HP PO,PH BS PR EA

33. Kansali P CHW W,HP BS PR,MR ED,EAG Umarpada Taluka, Dist. Surat 34. Umarpada P, S H,D,PHS,CHW W,HP PO,PH(25) BS,RS PR EA Madvi Taluka, Dist.Surat 35. Tadkeshvar P(4), S H,D,MCW, MH,

CWC, PHC, PHS, FWC, RMP(5), CHW(4)

T,W,TK, HP,C

PO,PH(256) BS PR,MR,FP EA

36. Togapur P W,TK,HP,C PO,PH(2) BS PR ED,EAG 37. Dharampor P W,HP,C PO BS PR ED,EAG 38. Kolsana P CHW W,HP,C … MR,PR ED 39. Tuked P(3) PHS,TB,RMP,

O W,HP,C, PO BS PR,MR,FP EA

40. Madharkui P(3) CHW W,HP,C PO,PH BS MR,PR EA 41. Borigala P(3) CHW W,HP,C … MR,PR EA 42. Kolakui P CHW W,HP,C … MR,PR EA 43. Ushked

Ramkund P(2) PHS,FWC,RM

P,CHW W,HP,C PO,PH(20) BS PR EA

44. Rosvad P(2) PHS,FWC,CHW

W,HP,S BS PR,MR EA

45. Nogama P(4) PHS,FWC,CHW

W,TK,C PO,PH(5) BS PR EA

46. Kalibel P CHW W,TK,HP,R,

… PR,MR,FP ED

47. Ushked Khurd P W,HP,R PO BS PR EA Source: Primary Census abstract, Census of India CD-2001, Village Directory (VD), Surat District,

Gujarat State


3.119

Table 3.6.5

Employment Pattern of Study Area

Sr. No.

Villages Main Cultivators

Main Agricultural

Main Household

Main Other Workers

Dist. Surat, Mangrol, Taluka 1. Ankdod 135 220 26 43

2. Gijram 95 569 9 135

3. Amnedara 57 322 60 91

4. Nani Pardi 18 289 2 10

5. Kargara 1 110 0 2

6. Mangrol 170 887 39 615

7. Mosali 111 126 7 644

8. Kanvada 40 18 4 24

9. Kosadi 167 478 7 426

10. Luwara 164 681 5 177

11. Asarma 51 168 0 98

12. Ghunti 37 29 0 64

13. Limbada 174 698 7 283

14. Ranakpor 85 185 9 153

15. Simodara 216 501 10 205

16. Vadoli 33 276 2 90

17. Charetha 20 0 0 5

18. Shah 48 437 0 147

19. Ambavadi 266 499 3 115

20. Vasravi 113 181 1 123

21. Jhankharda 20 115 0 63

22. Vastan 8 107 0 773

23. Surali 31 1 0 7

24. Nogama 72 118 0 49

25. Ansodala 15 22 0 23

26. Shenthi 42 216 1 145

27. Nani Naroli 425 1175 7 455

28. Umelav 38 46 0 7

29. Dungri 236 452 2 248

30. Borsad 368 281 1 167

31. Ratola 229 62 0 44


3.120

Sr. No.

Villages Main Cultivators

Main Agricultural

Main Household

Main Other Workers

32. Verakui 351 35 6 161

33. Kansali 188 147 2 161

34. Kosamba (CT) 144 960 42 3173

35. Kosamba (CT) - Ward No.1 144 960 42 3173

Total 4312 11371 294 12099 Dist. Surat, Umarpada Taluka 36. Umarpada 9028 10442 462 3667

Dist. Surat, Madvi Taluka 37. Tadkeshvar 469 1106 67 1149

38. Togapur 123 188 0 144

39. Dharampor 166 378 0 105

40. Kolsana 21 48 0 12

41. Tuked 526 64 0 147

42. Madharkui 88 32 25 192

43. Borigala 208 135 1 356

44. Kolakui 110 65 0 72

45. Ushked Ramkund 79 338 3 55

46. Rosvad 373 803 2 117

47. Nogama 1036 545 7 362

48. Kalibel 173 70 0 24

49. Ushked Khurd 60 98 0 28

Total 3432 3870 105 2763

Grand Total 16772 25683 861 18529

Source: Primary Census abstract, Census of India CD-2001, Surat District, Gujarat State


3.121

Table 3.6.6

Vital Statistical Data of Mortality Pattern

Sr. No.

Year Population Total Delivery

Total live Birth

Total Still Birth

Total Infant death

Total Maternal

death

1. 2009-10 34775 397 390 12 8 2

2. 2010-11 35471 422 418 6 16 0

3. 2011-12 31104 455 447 8 10 1

Source: Primary Health Center, Nani Naroli, Mangrol Tahsil, Surat Dist. Gujarat State

Table 3.6.7

Vital Statistical Data of Morbidity Pattern

Sr. No.

Year Total OPD

Diarrhea Fever Malaria Positive

TB Leprosy Respiratory Infection

1. 2007-08 3210 160 290 2 - - 175

2. 2008-09 2937 151 296 5 - - 220

3. 2009-10 2630 127 249 3 - 11 187

4. 2010-11 3034 152 300 5 - 15 232

5. 2011-12 2821 147 293 10 31 14 224

Source: Primary Health Center, Nani Naroli, Mangrol Tahsil, Surat Dist. Gujarat State


3.122

Table 3.6.8

Statistical Health Data Report: April to Nevember-2011/12

Sr. No. Details Report

1. Birth Rate 2253 (Live Birth)

2. Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) 48 (21.3%)

3. Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) 4 (177.5)

4. Still Birth Rate 18 (Still Birth)

5. HIV/AIDS 12 Source: Community Health Center, Mangrol, Dist. Surat, State Gujarat

Table 3.6.9

Education Facility of the Surveyed Area

Sr. No.

Villages Aganwadi Primary School/ Distance

Middle School/ Distance

High/ Higher Secondary School/

Distance

Colleges/ Distance

Core Zone 1. Nana Nogama 1 1 2 (4km Tadkeshwar) 2 (50km Kosamba) 2 (50km Surat)

2. Nani naroli 1(4) 1 1 2 2

3. Vasravi 1 1 2 (5km Mangrol) 2 2 4. Dungri 1(3) 1 2 2 (7km Mangrol) 2 (22km Mandvi)

5. Surali 1 1 2 2 2

Buffer Zone 6. Luwara 1(3) 1 2 (3km Kantawa) 2 (20km Kosamba) 2 (30km Surat)

7. Tadakeshwar 1(7) 2 1 1 2 (30km Mandavi)

8. Mangrol 1(7) 1 1 1 2 (45km Kamrej)

9. Ushker Ramakund 1(2) 1 1 2 2

10. Asodla 1 2(2km ) 2 (6km Velsa) 2 (6km Nogama) 2

Source: Village Survey 2011 (Yes-1, No-2)


3.123

Table 3.6.10

Health Facility of the Surveyed Area

Sr. No.

Villages Hospitals/ Distance

Community Health

Centers/ Distance

Primary Health

Centers/ Distance

Health Sub-

centre/ Distance

Asha Workers/ Distance

Nurse/ Distance

MPW prevalent Disease

Core Zone 1. Nana

Nogama 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 Fever, cold.

2. Nani naroli 2 2 1 2 1 1 2 Malaria, Respiration

problem, 3. Vasravi Kosamba 2 2 2 2 2 Malaria,

Fever, cold 4. Dungri 10 km

Tadkeshwer 6 km

(Mosali) 5 km Naroli 1 1 1 1 Paralysis,

T.B. 5. Surali 2 2 5 km Dungari 2 1 1 2 Piliya ,T.B

Buffer Zone 6. Tadakesh

war 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 Fever, cold,

general diseases

7. Mangrol 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 Malaria, Fever, cold

8. Luwara Kasama 5km (Simodara)

2 2 1 1 1 Fever, cold.

9. Ushker Ramakund

2 2 1 2 1 1 1 Malaria, Fever, cold,

cough 10. Asodla 2 2 6km

Tadkeshwer 2 1 1 2 Malaria,

Fever, cold Source: Village Survey 2011 (Yes-1, No-2)


3.124

Table 3.6.11

Electricity and Sanitation Facility of the Surveyed Area

Sr. No. Villages Electricity Soak pit Electricity Gutter line

Sanitation Open space

Core Zone

1. Nana nogama 1 1 1 2

2. Nani naroli 1 1 2 2

3. Vasravi 1 1 2 2

4. Dungri 1 1 2 2

5. Surali 1 1 2 2

Buffer Zone

6. Luwara 1 1 1 2

7. Mangrol 1 1 2 2

8. Tadakeshwar 1 1 1 2

9. Ushal Ramkund 1 1 2 2

10. Asodla 1 2 2 2



3.125

Table 3.6.12

Employment Facility of the surveyed area

Sr. No.

Villages Employment Pattern

Main Occupation Farmers Agricultural Labour

Private Job

Core Zone

1. Nogama Farmer, Agricultural Labour ,Labour work

10% 70% ….

2. Nani naroli Farming, Company labour worker , Shops etc.

40% NR 20%

3. Vasravi Farming, 75% 25% NR

4. Dungri Agricultural Labour, Farmer, shops ,transportation business etc.

NR NR NR

5. Surali Company, Agricultural labour

NR 70% NR

Buffer Zone

6. Tadakeshwar Farmer, Company labour work ,Shops etc.

60% 20% 5%

7. Luwara Agricultural Labour, Farming etc

5% 25% NR

8. Mangrol Farmer, Private Jobs, Lobur work

50% 30% 20%

9. Ushker, Ramkund

Farmer, Business, Labour work in company

60 person

75% 25%

10. Asodla Agricultural Labour 4% 96% NR

Source: Village Survey 2011 (Yes-1, No-2, NR- Not Responding)


3.126

Table 3.6.13

Awareness about Project

Sr. No. Villages Awareness about project

Awareness about

Company

Expectation from Company

Core Zone

1. Tadakeshwar 2 1 Employment opportunity, good educational Facility ,Vocational Training etc

2. Nani naroli 2 1 Employment opportunity good educational Facility ,Vocational Training Medical Facility etc

3. Vasravi 2 1 Employment opportunity good educational Facility, Vocational Training, Health Camp. etc

4. Dungri 2 1 Employment opportunity good educational Facility ,Vocational Training Medical Facility etc

5. Surali 2 1 Employment opportunity good educational Facility ,Vocational Training etc

Buffer Zone

6. Nogama 2 1 Employment opportunity good educational Facility ,Vocational Training , Medical Facility etc

7. Luwara 2 1 Employment opportunity good educational Facility ,Vocational Training ,Health Camps ,etc

8. Mangrol 2 1 Employment opportunity ,good educational Facility ,Vocational Training etc.

9. Ushal Ramkund 2 1 Employment opportunity good educational Facility ,Vocational Training , Medical Facility etc

10. Asodla 2 1 Employment opportunity good educational Facility ,Vocational Training , Medical Facility etc



3.127

Table 3.6.14

Quality of Life Existing in Sampling Village

Sr. No. Villages QoL(s) QoL(o) QoL(c)

Core Zone

1. Nogama 0.56 0.55 0.56

2. Nani Naroli 0.54 0.62 0.58

3. Vasravi 0.53 0.52 0.53

4. Dungri 0.58 0.54 0.56

5. Surali 0.34 0.45 0.40

Average 0.51 0.53 0.52

Buffer Zone

6. Ushakar-Ramkund 0.49 0.62 0.58

7. Mangrol 0.62 0.62 0.62

8. Tadkeshvar 0.60 0.57 0.58

9. Luwara 0.50 0.57 0.53

10. Asodla 0.34 0.45 0.40

Average 0.51 0.56 0.54

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