environmental impact assessment a case study of ojota seminar

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT A CASE STUDY OF OJOTA LANDFILL SITE

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT A CASE STUDY OF Olusoshun LANDFILL SITE

A SEMINAR Presented by Fadeyi solape simeon(gly/2011/031)

MARCH 2016Olusoshun landfill Image by lawma 2014

OUTLINE

INTRODUCTION

Definition of EIA

-- impact

--Aims and objectives of EIA

--Importance of EIA

--Geophysical method used for EIA

--Remediation process in EIA

CASE STUDY

CONCLUSION AND RECOMENDATION

Image by sandia national lab

340437931327848852_26fd000a2cPolluted Water at DakshinkaliMINING GOLD: Traditional miners pan for gold at a mine in Hampalit, Central Kalimantan. AP/Dita Alangkarat4620e00PAA380000014INTRODUCTION

Since the onset of industrialisation various activities has impacted our environment in various ways leading to pollution and environmental degradation .

Various pollution sources include :

Mining

Acid mine drainage

Heavy metals Hg, Cr, Pb

Industrial / Commercial Pollution

Dyes and pigments

Petroleum / gasoline

Agricultural runoff

Pesticides

Nutrients nitrates, phosphates

Salinization Sodium, chloride

Sewage

Pathogens - Enteric

Nutrients Nitrates, phosphates

Contaminated animal feed

Dyed pink wastewater flows from a pipe in Chinaacid_mine_drainage_1Textile Waste

Mining Waste

Gasoline

Image by sandia national lab

Solid Waste can Directly Impact Human Health

Solvents Gasoline, diesel, chlorinated

Leachates Acid waste, heavy metals

Hazardous waste Metals, paints, solvents, pesticides

Leaking fuel tanks Gasoline, diesel

Refuse - Decaying animal and plant matter

2006_12_31_lahore_rubbish_pollution_520x390Image by sandia national lab

All this pollutions pose a great danger and treat to the lives and well being of humans and plant in the environment .

So as to minimise the negative effect of this pollutions scientists have various geophysical method to access the Impact on the environment where such things are carried out . This process is called ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ACCESSMENT (EIA)

Mumbai WaterwayIn EIA, the term impacts is used instead of effects of activities.What is an impact?Review: Definition of EIA

Environmental
Impact Assessment is

A formal process for identifying:likely effects of activities or projects on the ENVIRONMENT, and on human health and welfare.

means and measures to mitigate & monitor these impacts

Environment is broadly interpreted: physical, biological, and social.(interaction )

Aspects of the environment:Physical: soil & water resources, air qualityBiological: fauna, flora, ecosystemSocial: human health and welfare, culture, religion, and local values

Or: Economical, social and eco-systemic

What is an impact?

The impact of an activity is a deviation (a change) from the baseline situation that is caused by the activity.

To measure an impact, you must know what the baseline situation is.!

The baseline situation is the existing environmental situation or condition in the absence of the activity.

The baseline situation is a key concept in EIA. More

The baseline situation

In characterizing the baseline situation, many environmental components MAY be of interestWaterQuantity, quality, reliability, accessibilitySoilsErosion, crop productivity, fallow periods, salinity, nutrient concentrationsFloraComposition and density of natural vegetation, productivity, key speciesFaunaPopulations, habitat

SpecialKey species
ecosystemsEnv HealthDisease vectors, pathogens

The components of interest are those that are likely to be affected by your activityor upon which your activity depends for its success

For example, an ecotourism activity might depend on water level in watering holes---but this environmental component is not in fact affected by your activity.

Types of impacts & their attributes

Direct & indirect impactsShort-term & long-term impactsAdverse & beneficial impactsCumulative impactsThe EIA process is concerned with
all types of impacts and may describe them in a number of ways

Intensity
Direction Spatial extent
Duration Frequency
Reversibility Probability

But all impacts are NOT treated equally.!

It is ESSENTIAL in EIA to focus on the most significant impacts. Dont waste effort & time analyzing and discussing impacts that are less important.Specifically,Aims and objectives of EIA

To establish the baseline condition of the physical , chemical, biological and socio-cultural and health environment around the proposed site and within he area of influence prior to project implementation.

To identify, predict and access the associated as well as potential impacts of the proposed project/action on the recieving environment.

To identify ways of improving projects environmental sustainability and mitigating adverse impact.

Importance of EIA

To ensures safety of lives of lives of living thing In the environment

To ensures that the ecosystem is preserved i.e safety of the environment.

To know the extent of damage caused by activities such as pollution

Too know the nature of the pollutants/contaminants

To know the best remediation process that can be adopted to mitigate the effect of pollution

To device a better means of carrying out the activities without it resulting into much pollutions.

Planner (social or natural scientist or environmental engineer (experienced project manager, good management skill)Resources required in EIA (world bank EAOD) Ecologist and biologistSociologistandAgronomist

Urban and regional plannerGeoscientistandengineer

Geophysical methods applied in EIA

However the geophysical method to be adopted depends on the type and nature of the pollutant, hence sampling

Ground penetrating radar (GPR)Radio magneto telluric.Radiometric method.Gravity method.Dipole-dipoleGeo-electric method (VES)VLFSeismic refraction

!

Sampling processes in EIA

Sampling enables us to know the variation and nature of the pollutant causing the pollution, as different pollutant varies in characteristics with varying season therefore sampling is carried out during both dry and wet season .

Random sampling Systematic samplingTwo types of sampling Taking data at various point haphazardly/randomly.Taking data at regular interval within the proper traverses.

Remediation processes in EIA

Remediation is the process of degrading (breaking down )and transforming and/or removing essential contaminant/pollutant, it is the return of an area or a component to as natural a condition as possible.in-situ : In place or at site

ex-situ : off sitemethods of remediation

Types of remediation

chemicalBiological

physical

Soil vapour extractionSoil washingAir striping Zeolite-infusion Chemical oxidationSurfactant floodingHeat enhanced hydrolysisNatural attenuationBio-augmentationPhyto-remediationPhyto-volatilizationCase study: Olusoshun landfill

Location description

Olushosun landfill is situated in the northern part of Lagos within Ikeja Local Government and receives approximately 40% of the total waste deposits
from Lagos. The size is 42.7 ha and a residual life span of 20 years.

It is the largest in Africa, and one of the largest in the world. The landfill has been active since Friday 19th Novermber 1992.

the landfill is to receive a yearly average tipping volume of 736,500 tonnes (Longe and Enekwechi, 2007)

Pictures of the olusoshun landfill , taken by lawma 2014

Image by lawma 2014

Image by lawma 2014

METHOD OF SURVEY

Five VES points were occupied within the landfill. VES 1 was located on active refuse
dump area in the middle of the landfill. VES 2 is located
on the fairly consolidated refuse column on the northern
flank of the landfill. VES 3 was located on the area which
was free of refuse dump at time of investigation on the
northern flank. VES 4 was located within leachate drain
area north of the landfill. VES 5 was located in the deep
burrow pit south of the landfill.

Results

Olushosun landfill is typified
by H, HKQ, KH and HKH curve types (typical curves in
Figure 11). The interpretation results are presented in
Table 1.

Oladapo et al.

Discussion

The interpretation results are presented in Table 1. materials hosting the refuse are characterized by fairly high resistivity values. The contrast in the electrical resistivity characteristics of the dumps and the
surrounding host rocks enabled the delineation of the refuse dump column. However, fresh domestic type refuse in the landfills are characterized by high resistivity values.

The refuse at Olushosun is defined by resistivity values varying between 2.4 -m at decomposed stage and 51.5 -m at fresh dump.

Oladapo et al.

Discussion cont

The geoelectric section at Olushosun (Figure 14 below) shows that the northern flank of the landfill is overlain by relatively thin refuse section (4.4 m) thick refuse section (22.9 m) overlie the central areas.

The Olushosun landfill was excavated to various depth levels thus the underlying soil strata vary in composition from clay/laterite on the northern flank to clay within the deep burrow pit area of the south. (Longe and Enekwechi (2007)

The sub-surface geology of the landfill which is described to be underlain by a
water-bearing zone consisting of loose, medium to coarse sand with an average thickness of 10.4 m (Longe and Enekwechi, 2007) poses a threat to aquifers in the environment.Discussion contOladapo et al.

conclusion

The Olushosun landfill is underlain by materials of impermeable geoelectric characteristics in the northern flank and fairly permeable geoelectric characteristics in the south around Owena phase. However,

the Olushosun landfill which is the largest in the Lagos metropolitan area has no liners and leachate collection system and are therefore likely to cause groundwater contamination especially on the southern flank

Remediation processes

After proper analysis of the water in that area it has been confirmed that, the mean concentration of Fe2+ at Oloshoshun measures above the permissible limits of WHO standard for drinking water.

Also grain size analysis revealed that the soils are sandyclay with average hydraulic conductivity of
10-5cm/s which makes them potential barrier material in modern landfills. Though quality of groundwater shows little anthropogenic influence, pre-treatment due to dominance of Cl- and SO-24 is recommended for part of the remediation processes to be applied .

Recommendation

Pollution is one of the major challenges facing mankind. It pose a great danger and threat to the well-being of people in various parts of the world and environment at large.

However environmental scientists have deemed fit to device techniques for tracking pollution of various kinds. Depending on the kind and nature of the pollutant, and they have been able to proffer solution to avert the menace brought about by pollution

Environmental impact assessment has been proven to be a vital tool used by environmental scientists in tracking pollution in any part of the world.

Therefore more geophysical method should be used due to the success achieved thus far in pollution mapping as tools for environmental impact assessment in areas not yet assessed and thus remediated accordingly

Thanks for listening

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environmental impact assessment a case study of ojota seminar

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