The philosophical discipline that studies the moral relationship of human beings and also the value and moral status of the environment and its non human contents. It considers the ethical relationship between humans and the environment.

Environmental ethics helps define man's moral and ethical obligations toward the environment. But human values become a factor when looking at environmental ethics. Environmental ethics and human values affect our ability to understand and solve environmental problems.

A human-based ethic arguing that humans possess complete authority over decisions about the environment. States that natural resources are open to human manipulation. Nature as existing solely for the benefit of man.

Focuses on the theory that all forms of life have an inherent right to exist.

NOTE: Biocentrists are split into different subgroups. Ex. ,some places greater responsibility at protecting plant species rather than animals.

Maintains that the Earth itself has moral value and is to be treated with respect from those living within it.

States that the Earth and its resources should be treated as a community rather than a commodity.

An anthropocentric approach (inclined towards the benefit of humans)

Promotes human control over the world’s resources at the expense of future generations

Associated with the “capitalist” work ethic

DEVELOPMENT

PRESERVATION

An ecocentric approach (nature-based)

Calls for the preservation of the world’s resources rather than complete human consumption.

Ex. Establishing National Parks and reservoir

CONSERVATION

Strikes a balance between the two aforementioned attitudes.

Places are important in human survival as taking into account the need to manage the environment wisely. (sustainable development)

Management of interaction by the modern human societies with, and impact upon the environment.

An attempt to control human impact on and interaction with the environment in order to preserve natural resources.

IMPORTANCE:Aims to ensure that ecosystem services are protected and maintained for future human generations.Identify factors affected by conflicts that rise between meeting needs and protecting resources. It is thus linked to environmental protection and sustainability.

CARRYING CAPACITYA more common philosophy and impetus behind environmental management.refers to the maximum number of organisms a particular resource can sustain.

Sustainability involves managing economic, social, and ecological systems within and external to an organizational entity so it can sustain itself and the system it exists in.

Rather than competing for endless growth on a finite planet, development improves quality of life without necessarily consuming more resources.

Public sector is responsible for administering natural resource management and implementing environmental protection legislation.

Private sector's traditional role in environmental resource management is that of the recovery of natural resources.

The aim of civil society in environmental resource management is to be included in the decision-making process by means of public participation.

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Management of an organization’s environmental programs in a comprehensive, systematic, planning and resources for developing, implementing and maintaining policy for environmental protection.

It is also a set of processes and practices that enable an organization to reduce its environmental impacts and increase its operating efficiency.

A framework that helps a company achieve its environmental goals through consistent control of its operations.

ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS

ENVIRONMENTAL LAWA complex and interlocking body of statutes, common law, treaties, conventions, regulations, and policies.Operate to regulate the interaction of humanity and the rest of the biophysical or natural environment.

Purpose of reducing or minimizing the impacts of human activity, both on the natural environment for its own sake, and on humanity itself.

P.D. # 389 – THE FORESTRY REFORM CODEIt codifies, updates and raises forestry laws in the country. It emphasizes the sustainable utilization of forest resources.

P.D. #330 & P.D. #953 – Laws on penalizing illegal cutting of trees

P.D. #1153 – Laws on tree planting

P.D. #331 – Laws requiring all public forests be developed on a sustained yield basis

Presidential Decree 704- Covers fishery laws

Presidential Decree 705- Covers forestry laws

Executive Order 240-Covers Integrated Fishery Management

DENR Administrative Order No. 97-38 - Covers chemical control order for mercury and mercury compounds.

DENR Administrative Order No. 97-05 - Procedures in the retention of areas within certain distances along the banks of rivers, streams, and shore of seas, lakes and oceans for environmental protection.

Republic Act No. 7907 - An Act Amending Republic Act No. 3844, as amended, otherwise known as the "Code of Agrarian Reform in the Philippines".

Republic Act No. 6657 - The Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law of 1998.

Presidential Decree No. 984 - Providing for the Revision of Republic Act No. 3931, commonly known as the Pollution Control Law.

Executive Order No. 542 - Covers the creation of the Task Force Pawikan

Executive Order No. 263 - Adopts Community-Based Forest Management as the National Strategy to ensure the sustainable development of the country's forest lands.

Republic Act 8371 - The Indigenous Peoples Rights Act of 1997, provides for the recognition, protection and promotion of the rights of indigenous cultural communities / indigenous people.

DENR Administrative Order No. 142, Series of 1989- Guidelines on the Disposition of Confiscated Wildlife Species.

SHAIRA PRIETO DORIGO