environmental & social management system …

Ethiopian Electric Utility

i

The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia

Ethiopian Electrification Program (ELEAP)

ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL

MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

GUIDELINE (ESMSG)

FINAL

JUNE 2018

FOR

ADDIS ABABA, ETHIOPIA


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Environmental and Social Management System Guideline (ESMSG)

for ELEAP

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................................................. I

LIST OF TABLES .......................................................................................................................... II

LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................................ II

LIST OF BOXES ............................................................................................................................ III

LIST OF ANNEXES ...................................................................................................................... III

ACRONYMS .................................................................................................................................. IV

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................ VI

1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 BACKGROUND .............................................................................................................................. 1

1.2 PURPOSE OF THE ESMS GUIDELINE ............................................................................................. 2

1.3 APPROACHES TO THE ESMSG STUDY .......................................................................................... 2

1.4 PROGRAM PROPONENT AND OPERATOR ....................................................................................... 2

1.5 PUBLIC DISCLOSURE AND CONSULTATION ................................................................................... 3

2. ETHIOPIA ELECTRIFICATION PROGRAM DESCRIPTION ......................................................................... 3

2.1 PFORR PROGRAM SCOPE .............................................................................................................. 5

2.2 EXCLUDED ACTIVITIES. ................................................................................................................ 8

2.3 DISBURSEMENT LINKED INDICATORS AND VERIFICATION PROTOCOLS ........................................ 8

3. ORGANIZATIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES FOR ELEAP IMPLEMENTATION ............. 8

3.1 FEDERAL LEVEL KEY INSTITUTIONS FOR ELEAP IMPLEMENTATION ........................................... 9

3.2 REGIONAL, ZONAL AND WOREDA LEVELS KEY ACTORS FOR ELEAP ......................................... 15

4. ESMS POLICY AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK ..................................................................... 18

4.1 BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................................ 18

4.2 ETHIOPIA’S RELEVANT LEGAL FRAMEWORK, POLICIES, STRATEGIES, AND REGULATIONS ....... 18

5. ESMS PROCESSES: PREPARATION& IMPLEMENTATION ......................................... 24

5.1 GENERAL.................................................................................................................................... 24

5.2 KEY ISSUES AND RESPONSIBILITIES FOR THE SCREENING AND APPRAISAL PROCESSES................ 25

5.3 PROCEDURES AND STEPS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT SCREENING .......... 25

6. GRIVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM .................................................................................. 32

6.1 ELEAP GRIEVANCE REDRESS PROCEDURE ................................................................................ 33

6.2 KEY CONSIDERATIONS FOR ELEAP GRM PROCEDURE ............................................................. 37



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7. ELEAP ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL BENEFITS AND IMPACT .......................... 38

7.1 POSITIVE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS OF ELEAP .................................................. 39

7.2 ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS .................................................................... 41

8. SAFETY MANAGEMENT ....................................................................................................... 51

8.1 USE OF PPE AND SAFETY PROTECTION MATERIAL ...................................................................... 54

8.2 INDICATIVE SAFETY MONITORING AND REPORTING .................................................................. 56

8.3 NOTIFICATION ............................................................................................................................ 58

9. TRAINING AND CAPACITY BUILDING ............................................................................. 59

9.1 OVERVIEW ................................................................................................................................. 59

9.2 ESMSG TRAINING .................................................................................................................. 61

9.3 TECHNICAL AND FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE .................................................................................. 62

10. MONITORING, ANNUAL AUDIT AND REPORTING OF ESMSG IMPLEMENTATION

................................................................................................................................................ 64

10.1 MONITORING .............................................................................................................................. 64

10.2 ANNUAL AUDIT .......................................................................................................................... 65

10.3 REPORTING ................................................................................................................................. 66

11. ANNEXES ................................................................................................................................. 68

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE 1. PROGRAM RESULTS CHAIN............................................................................................................................. 3 TABLE 2: SOME OF THE LEGAL REQUIREMENTS & COMPLIANCE MEASURES APPLICABLE TO ELEAP ........................ 21 TABLE 3. OUTLINE OF ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES FOR THE ESMSG ...................................................................... 25 TABLE 4: ELEAP GRM’S ROLES, RESPONSIBILITIES, IMPLEMENTATION MECHANISM, AND TIMEFRAME ..................... 35 TABLE 5: ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL BENEFITS OF ELEAP .................................................................................. 39

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE 2: ENVIRONMENT AND CLIMATE CHANGE DIRECTORATE UNDER MOWIE ORGANOGRAM ............................. 11 FIGURE 3: ORGANIGRAM OF EEU’S EHSQ DIRECTORATE .......................................................................................... 12 FIGURE 4: ELEAP E&S SCREENING AND MANAGEMENT ACTIVITY AND RESPONSIBILITIES FLOWCHART............................................... 28 FIGURE 5: PROJECT SCREENING IMPLEMENTATION CYCLE UNDER THE ELEAP .......................................................... 31 FIGURE 6: ESMS GRIEVANCE AND COMPLAINT MANAGEMENT MECHANISM ............................................................. 38 FIGURE 7: TYPICAL PPE AND SAFETY PROTECTION MATERIALS .................................................................................. 55 FIGURE 8: INDICATIVE REPORTING FLOW CHART FOR DETAIL WRITTEN INCIDENT REPORT .......................................... 57 FIGURE 9: INDICATIVE FLOW CHART FOR THE NOTIFICATION OF INCIDENTS ................................................................ 58



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LIST OF BOXES

BOX 1. THE ELECTRIC ACCIDENTS HAZARDS .............................................................................................................. 52 BOX 2. GENERAL SAFETY PRACTICES .......................................................................................................................... 53 BOX 3. GENERAL SAFETY RESPONSIBILITY APPLICABLE FOR ELEAP WHICH IS ADHERED BY EEU ............................. 54 BOX 4. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) ..................................................................................................... 55 BOX 5. POINTS ON ACCIDENT REPORTS, RECORDS, AND INVESTIGATION ..................................................................... 59 BOX 6. POSSIBLE AGENDA FOR A 2-DAY WORKSHOP INTRODUCING THE ESMSG ..................................................... 61 BOX 7. INDICATIVE TRAINING TOPICS AND SCHEDULE ................................................................................................ 62 BOX 8. INTEGRATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT INTO DEVELOPMENT PLANNING ...................................... 62

LIST OF ANNEXES

ANNEX 1: SCREENING FORM ....................................................................................................................................... 68 ANNEX 2: ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL EXCLUSION LIST ........................................................................................ 73 ANNEX 3: GUIDELINE FOR THE PREPARATION OF SITE SPECIFIC OF ESMP ................................................................... 74 ANNEX 4: SUGGESTED ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (ESMP) TEMPLATE FOR A SUBPROJECT 76 ANNEX 5: EXAMPLE OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTRACT CLAUSES ................................................................................. 77 ANNEX 6: BUILDING CODE OF STANDARDS ................................................................................................................ 81 ANNEX 7: FORMAT OF AN ANNUAL/QUARTERLY ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT ............................................................... 85 ANNEX 8: INDICATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT MEASURES ..................................................... 86 ANNEX 9: INDICATIVE ESMS IMPACT MITIGATION AND MONITORING CHECKLISTS .................................................. 88 ANNEX 10: PREDICTION AND EVALUATION OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS .............................................. 98 ANNEX 11: DETAILS OF PERSONAL PROTECTION EQUIPMENT’S ................................................................................. 104 ANNEX 12: SAMPLE COMPLAINT FORM ..................................................................................................................... 108 ANNEX 13: SAFETY CHECKLIST ................................................................................................................................. 109



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ACRONYMS

APA Annual Performance Assessment IPS Industrial Projects Services

BOLSA Bureau of Labor and Social Affair km2 Square kilometer

CSA Central Statistical Agency KWp Kilo Watt Peak

CRMP Cultural Resources Management Plan LED Light-emitting diode

DBE Development Bank of Ethiopia Masl Meters above sea level

DLI Disbursement Linked Indicators MOFEC Ministry of Finance and Economic

Cooperation

DOE Directorate of Electrification MC Minimum Condition

EA Environmental Assessment MOLSA Ministry of Labor and Social Affair

ECCEP Ethiopia Clean Cooking Energy

Program

MoEFCC Ministry of Environment, Forest and

Climate Change

EEP Ethiopian Electric Power MoWIE Ministry of Water, Irrigation and

Electricity

EEU Ethiopian Electric Utility MSE Micro and Small Enterprises

EEPCo Ethiopian Electric Power Corporation NGO Nongovernmental organization

EHS Environment, Social, Health, and

Safety

PAPs Project affected Peoples

EMP Environmental Management Program PCRs

PCB

Physical Cultural Resources

Printed Circuit Board

ENREP Ethiopia- Electricity Network

Reinforcement and Expansion Project

PPE Personal Protective Equipment

EOREP Ethiopia Off Grid Renewable Energy

Program

PSE Private Sector Enterprises

EPA Environmental Protection Authority RSG Resettlement System Guideline

ESIA Environmental & Social Impact

Assessment

RAP Resettlement Action Plan

ESMP Environmental and Social

Management Plan

REFA Regional Environment and Forest

Authority

ESMS Environmental and Social

Management Systems

SHS Solar Home System



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ESMSG Environmental and Social

Management System Guideline

SNNPRS Southern Nations, Nationalities and

Peoples ‘Regional State

FDRE The Federal Democratic Republic of

Ethiopia

SMP Safety Management Plan

GOE Government of Ethiopia SPMG Solar PV Multi-grid

GHC Grievance Hearing Committee TOR Terms of Reference

GRS Grievance Redress Service TOT Training of Trainer

GTP Growth and Transformation Plan TA Technical Assistance

HH Household ToR Terms of Reference

HoH Head of Household WB World Bank

IDA International Development Association WME Water, Mines and Energy

ILO International Labor Organization WMEB Water, Mines and Energy Bureau

IPF Investment Project Finance WMP Waste Management Plan



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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Introduction

The Ethiopian Government has completed its first phase of Growth and Transformation Plan (GTP-I)

(2010/11–2014/15), which set a long-term goal for Ethiopia to become a middle-income country by 2025.

The second phase of the Growth and Transformation Plan (GTP-II) was developed for the period of 2015-

2020 that includes a plan to reach eight (8) million customers mainly households for electricity connections

by 2020 and is currently under implementation. In November 2017, the Government launched the National

Electrification Program (NEP) for the achievement of universal access by 2025 (goal set in the GTP). The

NEP transforms the Government vision into action, with targets and timetables, as well as an investment

prospectus and syndication scenario.

The World Bank Ethiopia Electrification Program (ELEAP) Program for Results (PfoR) will directly

support the GoE’s National Electrification Program in scaling-up electricity connections through

densification activities, as well as increasing access to off-grid technologies. Strong emphasis is also placed

on strengthening the capacity of the sector institutions to achieve the targets linked with grid electrification

and off-grid, particularly on planning, technical implementation, financial management, procurement,

governance, social and environmental management, gender, skill development and financial viability.

One of the effectiveness conditions (dated covenant) for the Ethiopia Electrification Program (ELEAP)

Program for Results Financing, regards the adoption by the EEU Board of the Environmental and Social

Management System Guidelines (ESMSG). This ESMSG document was prepared on the basis of the

ELEAP-Environmental and Social System Assessment (ESSA), drafted by a joint team of environment and

social development specialists from the World Bank and EHS team of EEU during the preparatory work

for ELEAP. The ESSA was prepared through a comprehensive review of systems and procedures were

adopted by Ministry of Water Irrigation and Electricity (MoWIE), and the Ethiopian Electric Utility (EEU)

at the national regional, zonal and woreda levels; and other relevant sectoral institutions responsible for

addressing social, environmental and safety issues associated with ELEAP. The review process followed

an in-depth analysis and scrutiny on how environmental and social issues should assessed, integrated and

operationalized into ELEAP , which was then used as a significant input to the preparation of this ESMSG

by EEU.

This ESMSG document is planned to be used by all EEU’s regional and district/woreda offices, with the

support of the all Regional Water and Energy Bureaus, to ensure that all environmental, social and safety

issues during implementation of ELEAP are adequately addressed, and that relevant capacity and training

needs are established to effectively implement ESSA recommendations.

The objective of the ESMSG is to provide an overarching document which clarifies the organizational

arrangements and criteria to be applied during the preparation and implementation of project specific

instruments, including Environmental and Social Management Plans (ESMP), Environmental and Social

Impact Assessment (ESIA), Safety Management Plan (SMP), A/RAP, etc. to manage anticipated risks and

impacts associated with the Program.

The main purposes of the ESMSG are to:

• Establish clear procedures and methodologies for the environmental and social assessment, review,

approval, implementation, monitoring and reporting requirements;

• Identify impacts and recommend measures to prevent, minimize, mitigate or compensate

anticipated adverse impacts as well as to enhance potential benefits of ELEAP.

• Specify appropriate roles and responsibilities for managing and monitoring environmental and

social concerns related to ELEAP construction works;

• Provide practical information resources for implementing the ESMS Guidelines.



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For ELEAP, the Government of Ethiopia procedures require that the ESMSG is prepared and publicly

disclosed prior to commencement of each program activities. This allows the public and other stakeholders

to comment on the possible environmental and social impacts of the Program, particularly measures and

plans to prevent or mitigate any adverse environmental and social impacts. Thus, the final ESMSG

document will be disclosed through the EEU website, and in public locations at Regional and District

offices.

Ethiopian Electrification Program Description

The Government’s National Electrification Program (NEP) aims to achieve universal electrification by

2025. The NEP will be carried out in phases, with the immediate focus being on the early years of the

Program (2018–2023). The phased focus under the NEP also allows for enhanced technical planning and

coordinated fund mobilization. The NEP is organized into three pillars addressing the dominant challenges

of the sector:

Pillar 1 - On-grid electrification. The core focus of the NEP in the early years will be around on-grid

access provision, taking advantage of renewable energy based supply. The execution will be carried out

through Densification and Expansion:

Pillar 2 - Off-grid service provisioning. This Pillar targets communities where the grid would not reach

within the next 5–10 years (pre-electrification) as well as communities for which the grid is not the least-

cost solution (permanent off-grid). This include Stand-alone solar system and Mini-grids.

Pillar 3 - Sector capacity and institutional reform. This pillar focuses on providing the necessary

technical assistance and capacity-building support required by the sector institutions to achieve the

ambitious targets set under Pillars 1 and 2 by directly supporting the achievement of outcomes from the

first two pillars. This includes a comprehensive program with a focus on utility reform and skill

development in the following areas: (a) planning capabilities; (b) technical and commercial capacities; (c)

financial management (FM) functions; (d) streamlining procurement; (e) transparency, accountability, and

governance; (f) safeguarding the environment and society; (g) gender equity; and (h) long-term sector

financial viability.

The Program explicitly excludes possible high-risk activities and Category “A” types of activities.

Investments, which according to the WB Operational Policy for Environmental Assessment (OP 4.01) are

classified in Category A are explicitly excluded from the Program. These “…are projects which are likely

to have significant adverse environmental impacts that are sensitive, diverse, or unprecedented. These

impacts may affect an area broader than the sites or facilities subject to physical works”. Category A

projects are not supported by PforR operations and EEU cannot use ELEAP funding for these types of

investments.

While the scope and scale of works under the Program are not expected to cause significant adverse

environment and social impacts, the national EIA procedures require that all investments are screened for

negative impacts that are sensitive, diverse, or unprecedented on the environment and/or affected people.

Sitting, design, construction, and implementation of all physical works must consider safety risks and

develop a management plan to integrate measures to ensure that activities result in minimum or no safety

risks or impacts. In addition to screening for significant negative impacts, the following works will be

ineligible for financing under the ELEAP:

• Distribution and last mile connection stringing route outside of existing rights-of-way;

• Infrastructure works that require significant resettlement of people (more than 200 people, project-

specific);

• Activities that would significantly convert natural habitats or significantly alter potentially

important biodiversity and/or cultural resource areas;



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• Block access to and/or use of water points etc.;

• Significant impact on physical cultural resources (archaeological sites; religious monuments or

structures; natural sites with cultural values; cemeteries; graveyards; graves; and other sites of

significance);

• Have risk on and/or exclude some members of community, including vulnerable groups,

underserved peoples and ethnic minorities;

• Can instigate social tension or conflict and Likely to adversely create or exacerbate conflict within

communities;

• Contravene international and regional conventions on environmental and social issues.

Institutional and Implementation Arrangements and Responsibilities

MoWIE and EEU will be responsible for achieving the targets of ELEAP. Under MoWIE, the Directorate

of Electrification (DoE) which will be established is expected be responsible for Program oversight and

monitoring progress. The DoE will rely on other sector agencies to facilitate successful implementation of

the goals and objectives of the ELEAP. In addition, a Steering Committee will provide high-level strategic

direction and policy guidance to the DoE. The main implementing agency for majority of the ELEAP

activities will be the EEU.

With regards to environmental and social management, the federal, regional, and woreda levels relevant

government institutions are responsible to take key roles in supporting environmental, social and safety

management activities of the Program to ensure sound implementation. As stated above, MoWIE as an

umbrella institution for the proposed ELEAP is responsible to oversee and ensure sustainable management

during the implementation for both on grid and off grid components. EEU is the direct implementer for on-

grid and off-grid components. The Environment and Climate Change Directorate (ECCD) under the

MoWIE and the Environment and Social, Health and Safety and Quality and Process Excellence (EHS,

Q&PE) directorate under EEU will have major roles and responsibilities to guarantee sound implementation

of environmental, social and safety management during implementation of ELEAP.

Both EEU and MoWIE are required to comply with the wider environmental and sustainability objectives

of the Constitution and other sectoral policies. In addition, it is quite evident that the various stakeholders

will play also direct or indirect roles in the implementation environmental, social and safety management.

The different key actors expected to play a role during implementation of the proposed programs are the

following:

• Ministry of Water, Irrigation and Electricity (MoWIE)

• Ethiopian Electric Utility (EEU)

• Ethiopia Energy Authority (EEA)

• Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC)

• Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs (MoLSA)

• Relevant Regional Governments Bureaus (RWMEB, BoLSA, BLAU, REPFA)

• Zonal and woreda level Water, Mines and Energy Offices

The importance of integration and coordination of these key actors and timely follow-up coordination and

efficiency is significantly acknowledged for sound implementation of ELEAP.



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ESMS Policy and Legal Framework

The effects of development projects on the biophysical and social environment should be assessed to ensure

that all development program and project implementations, as much as possible, must be environmental

friendly and comply with the relevant environmental policies, guidelines and procedures. In this regards,

policies, legislative frameworks, guidelines and standards have been developed by governmental and non-

governmental organizations to contribute for the enhancement of sustainable development.

In order to assess the adequacy of Ethiopia’s legal and regulatory framework, relevant laws and institutions

for environmental and social impact assessment and management are described, along with the roles and

responsibilities of institutions involved in the environmental and social assessment and management

processes.

Ethiopia’s Relevant Legal Frameworks, Policies and Strategies

The effects of development projects on the environment should be assessed to ensure that projects, as much

as possible, are in harmony with the environment. In one way or another, this ultimately contributes to

ensure sustainable development. In this regard, policies, legislative frameworks, guidelines and standards

have been developed by governmental and non-governmental organizations to contribute for the

enhancement of sustainable development. Relevant legal and administrative frameworks, policies and

strategies of the Government of Ethiopia have been discussed; these include:

• The Constitution of the FDRE

• Ethiopia Growth and Transformation Plan (GTP) II

• Environment Policy of Ethiopia

• Energy Policy of Ethiopia

• Land Tenure Policy of Ethiopia

• National Policy of Women

• National Health Policy (1998)

• Social Protection Policy of Ethiopia

• Ethiopia Electric Utility’s Environmental and Social Policy and Procedures

• And various Program related strategies and guidelines

ESMS Processes: Preparation and Implementation

The ESMSG document sets out the steps and procedures for screening of program activities as to

environmental and social management requirements and identifies the responsibilities of implementing

parties in the program ESMS. It covers detail discussions and guidance on environmental and social issues

that will be addressed, steps to be taken for managing environmental, social and safety risks; various

elements of the ESMSG which include environmental screening and assessment processes, application for

environmental authorization, and guideline for ESMP; and anticipated program impacts and the respective

measure to ensure compliance of national and international policies and standards.

This ESMS will be applied during ELEAP construction and operation phases to warrant the required

Environmental, Social, Health, and Safety (ESHS) issues are considered and recommended measures are

applied over the program implementation period. These include:

• Assesses the program benefits and compare it with the environmental, social, health and safety

risks associated with the program in a manner consistent with the Program for Results Financing.

• All the projects under the program are screened for environmental and social safeguards as per the

preset criteria and checklist before commencement of construction activities and request approval

from the relevant environmental institutions at all level.



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• Adequate staffing with environmental and social expertise at EEU’s national and regional levels

bureau with specific responsibilities for addressing ELEAP environmental, social and safety

matters.

• Sufficient and applicable technical capacity and facilities for EHS management that will be in place

within EEU-EHS unit over the program period.

• Sound implementation of ESMSG and RSG, as required.

• An annual environmental, social and safety (EHS) audit and quarterly EHS performance review.

Procedures and Steps for Environmental and Social Management Screening

The overriding guiding principle to the implementation of ELEAP is through participatory and community

demand driven approach. The environmental, social and safety management and screening process will be

attained through the following procedures and steps:

Given the scale and nature of anticipated construction activities of ELEAP, an Environmental, and Social

Impact Assessment (ESIA) might not be necessary. However, using the screening checklist (Annex 1),

program’s activities are required to pass through environmental screening to identify the level of impact

and respective measures aimed at avoiding, offsetting, and/or minimizing environmental, social and safety

impacts to levels that are acceptable.

The overall guiding principles of the proposed ELEAP implementations are the following, but not limited

to:

• Conforming to the national and regional environmental assessment requirements and standards;

• Ensuring no harm or minimum impact to the nearby social and biophysical environment that can

be mitigated easily by employing best practices methods;

• Proposed activities under ELEAP will undergo for environmental and social impacts screening;

• Ensuring sound implementation of the recommended mitigation measures;

• The planning and implementation process will integrate ESMP or other relevant environmental,

social and safety management instruments, as required;

• Promoting adequate and timely technical support to MoWIE, EEU at National, Regional and

Woreda levels; and

• Promoting supervision and monitoring of implementation of program activities by EEU, MoWIE,

and the respective regional and woreda level Bureaus and offices, with the support from

environment protection and Labor and Social services institutions.

• Ensuring on time quarterly performance review and annual audit.

Based on the Ethiopian Environmental legislation the program might not require full ESIA and all activities

under the program should avoid sensitive areas and take steps to ensure that projects stay within Schedule

II of national environmental assessment category or world bank environmental assessment category

“category B” (It must be noted that any projects or activities that will be categorized as Category ‘A’ will

not be financed by the ELEAP). Besides, every potential project that will be funded under this program is

subject for environmental and social management screening to confirm the anticipated adverse impacts and

classify the subprojects based on their level of impacts, and thereby propose preparation of the required

safeguards instruments.

The environmental and social management screening process will be done on potential activities under

ELEAP. The dedicated Environmental, Social, Health and Safety (ESHS) specialists at national and

regional EEU offices with regular support from regional energy and environment bureaus are responsible

to conduct environmental and social management screening before the commencement of the program

construction activities. The EHS specialists will use the environmental and social screening form developed

and enclosed in this ESMSG.



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The steps and procedures described below are the corner stones for ensuring environmental and social

impacts are adequately addressed over the program implementation period.

• Step One: Project preparation and Consultation

• Step Two: Desk appraisal

• Step Three: Environmental and Social Safeguards screening

• Step Four: Submission of screening report to MoWIE or REFCC

• Step Five: Review of screening report and appraisal by MoWIE or REFCC

• Step Six: Approval of projects by MoWIE, REFCC

• Steps Seven: Submission of approval decision report to EEU, including the need for preparation

and approval of other EHS instruments (ESMP, A/RAP, SMP, …), as applicable

• Steps Eight: Implementation of EHS management plans

• Steps Nine: Supervision and Monitoring

• Steps Ten: Annual EHS auditing and quarterly EHS performance review

Strengthen the Grievance Redress Mechanism

Over ELEAP implementation period, beneficiaries may have complaints related to the program

implementation activities. The GRM committee will be established at all levels to receive, review and

address complaints in line with loss of livelihood, income or assets, dissatisfaction of the services, etc. a

detailed GRM procedure in line with EEU’s customer service manual is developed for the off-grid

component and updated for the on-grid component followed by orientation for implementers.

The proposed ESMSG Grievance/ Grievance include:

Amicable solution, mediation using customary rules. Complaints. Appeal to court. As long as one of

ELEAP Program activities (construction works) entails resettlement and/or compensation, the Program will

establish a register of resettlement/compensation related grievances and disputes. The existence and

conditions of access to grievances/ complaints register (where, when, how) will be widely disseminated

within the interested area of the program activities sites as part of the consultation undertaken for the

investment (construction works).

First Instance – Amicable Settlement

People may prefer such matters to be handled by a “first instance” mechanism, on the model of traditional

dispute-resolution mechanisms. In such compensation and resettlement operations, it usually appears that

many grievances have roots in misunderstandings, or result from conflicts with neighbors, which can

usually be solved through adequate mediation using customary rules.

Appeal to Court

Whenever misunderstandings and disputes arise between the principle parties, the preferred means of

settling disputes is through arbitration (Proclamation No. 455/2005). The number and composition of the

arbitration tribunal may be determined by the concerned parties.

Courts of law shall be considered as a last resort option, which in principle should only be used where first

instance amicable mechanisms have failed to settle the grievance/dispute. However, the Constitution allows

any aggrieved person the right of access to a court of law.



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Monitoring, Evaluation and Learning

As experiences in Ethiopia entails, the view towards complaint handling as a means for improving overall

administrative and service delivery is not yet well developed i.e. complaint handling is largely being viewed

as an end by itself. Besides, record keeping and data management is not fully developed and that it is not

yet used as a monitoring and evaluation tool. Moreover, even though if record keeping stands to be better,

a fully disaggregated data into all-important indicators are not yet visible. The ELEAP GRM guideline will

attempt to help to avert this constrained experience and will utilize GRM as a learning and management

tool.

ELEAP Environmental and Social Benefits and Adverse Impact

The environmental and social benefits are derived from access to electricity services for household and

business energy sources. These benefits derived from the program is basically to the community members

who are residing within and nearby the project area and other beneficiaries of the proposed Program and to

the nation in general. An increased distribution of electricity to the project area will minimize the pressure

on the use of fuel wood that is rampant in the area and is ultimately would help to conserve the fragile and

diminishing forest cover of the country by providing an alternative source of energy.

The potential adverse environmental, social and safety risks and impacts of the Program are associated with

program activities, including construction and rehabilitation of medium and low-voltage distribution lines

and installation of MV-LV transformers, construction of hybrid mini grid, and disposal and replacement of

spent lead-acid batteries from solar home systems. Whereas, the potential adverse social impacts are likely

to be associated with land acquisition for mini grid and acquisition of way leaves (rights of way) for LV

distribution lines.

The ESMG identifies the key measures to be taken for improved environmental and social due diligence in

the Program and is intended to help the Government and implementing agencies in overcoming gaps related

to environment, social, and safety aspects of the program and improvements of the implementing agencies

system on safeguards managements.

The following table indicate the summary of potential environmental and social benefits and impacts drawn

from the implementation of the proposed ELEAP.

Environmental and Social

Benefits

Environmental and Social Adverse Impacts and Risks

• Provision of on-grid

electricity

• Power generation using

renewable energy sources

(mini-grids):

• Provision of electricity to

households and businesses

• Employment opportunities

• Improvement in social

facility services (schools,

health facilities, and

government offices):

• Reduce Women’s Burden:

• Loss and Destruction of Vegetation cover/crop and Habitat:

• Clearing and loss of existing vegetation cover which may contribute for

loss of plant cover and biodiversity;

• Disturbance of top soil that promotes of soil erosion;

• Plant material removed from site causes GHG emissions and air

pollution if burned;

• Air quality aesthetics and visual related impacts- visual intrusion on the

landscape;

• Water Resources;

• Storage and Management of solid waste;

• Risks from poor maintenance of solar home systems: battery

replacement;

• Fugitive Dust and Noise;



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Environmental and Social

Benefits

Environmental and Social Adverse Impacts and Risks

• Chemical impact;

• Soil Erosion;

• Heat or Light Reflection;

• Biodiversity;

• Occupational health and safety (OHS);

• Cultural Heritage;

• Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) Impacts;

• Health Effects of Electromagnetic Fields (EMF) Impacts;

• Fire risk;

• Risks from provision of electricity to households and businesses:

• Risks from land and RoW acquisition:

• Risk that vulnerable groups will not share equitably in project benefits

provision of electricity to communities:

• Risks related to Labor Influx.

Training and Capacity Building

During the Program implementation period, substantive capacity building and technical assistance program

shall be designed and implemented on environmental and social safeguards and safety assessment and

management practices through provisioning and improving of human and financial resources, provision of

trainings and other logistics facilities.

ELEAP will further established and strengthen the capacity building architecture to ensure sound technical

capacity on environment, social and safety matters at all levels of EEU and MoWIE through adopting a

systematic, cascading and coordinated vision and approach. The continual and rapid expansion of

electrification in Ethiopia will require extensive capacity-building support not only for the electricity sector

institutions, the MoWIE and EEU, but also for the broader sector participants such as academic institutions

(universities and vocational training centers) and community and other local stakeholders

The training and capacity building activities proposed to support ESMSG implementation are:

• General training and awareness/sensitization provided for staffs from MoWIE, EEU and the Regional

level offices), REFAs and community members, and relevant line ministries and regional offices.

• In depth training for relevant Regional Energy and EEU bureaus responsible for the project and EHS

staffs on implementation of the ESMSG including all aspects of environmental, social and safety

management, ESMP, SMP, A/RAP, public consultation, and integration of environmental, social and

safety management plans into development planning;

• Technical and financial assistance to each EEU-EHS units at national and regional level that

participate in program’s EHS implementation to:

o Produce a Screening Report, an ESMP and other safeguard instruments TOR, an

Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP), Safety Management Plan (SMP) or

abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan (ARAP); and

o Establish and support operation of systems for monitoring and reporting on Environmental

and Social Management Plan (ESMP), Safety Management Plan (SMP) or

abbreviated/Resettlement Action Plan (A/RAP) implementation.



xiv

• Appointment of one Environmental and Social Specialist and one Occupational Health and Safety

specialist in each regional EEU offices who are responsible for overall ESMSG implementation.

The program is designed to further establish and strengthen the capacity building architecture to ensure

sound technical capacity on environment, social and safety matters at all levels of EEU and MoWIE through

adopting a systematic, cascading and coordinated vision and approach.

Monitoring and Annual Auditing and Quarterly Performance Review of ESMSG Implementation

An annual independent audit on ESMSG implementation will be carried out by an independent auditor,

based on the internal annual review prepared by EEU (and the EEU quarterly reviews). The audited report

will be submitted to MoWIE for verification of results through the Central Statistical Agency (CSA), and

disbursements under ELEAP based on results. The independent auditor will also assess how and to what

extent that the environmental and social considerations are being incorporated into EEU planning process.

The Quarterly performance review will be conducted by EEU regularly. The annual audit and quarterly

performance review will also include the achievement of ESMG, ESMP, SMP, A/RAP preparation, and

implementation, as required.


1

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

The Ethiopian Government has completed its first phase of Growth and Transformation Plan (GTP-I)

(2010/11–2014/15), which set a long-term goal for Ethiopia to become a middle-income country by 2025.

The second phase of the Growth and Transformation Plan (GTP-II) was developed for the period of 2015-

2020 that includes a plan to reach eight (8) million customers mainly households for electricity connections

by 2020 and is currently under implementation. In November 2017, the Government launched the National

Electrification Program (NEP) for the achievement of universal access by 2025 (goal set in the GTP). The

NEP transforms the Government vision into action, with targets and timetables, as well as an investment

prospectus and syndication scenario.

The World Bank Ethiopia Electrification Program (ELEAP) Program for Results (PfoR) will directly support

the GoE’s National Electrification Program in scaling-up electricity connections through densification

activities, as well as increasing access to off-grid technologies. Strong emphasis is also placed on

strengthening the capacity of the sector institutions to achieve the targets linked with grid electrification and

off-grid, particularly on planning, technical implementation, financial management, procurement,

governance, social and environmental management, gender, skill development and financial viability.

The Program Development Objective (PDO) is to increase access to electricity in Ethiopia and to

enhance institutional capacity for planning and implementation of the Government’s electrification

program. The PforR instrument innovatively links the disbursement of funds directly to the delivery of

defined results and strengthens government program systems.

ELEAP will support the implementation of Ethiopian electrification program and its implementation plan in

the following three key results areas:

a) Results Area 1: Increase access to electricity connections to households in areas covered by the

grid. The key intermediate indicator would be the number of customers connected to the network. In

addition, increased number of kilometers of low-voltage distribution lines erected would also be

tracked.

b) Results Area 2 Increase access to off-grid electricity. The ongoing private sector led market

development activities off-grid service delivery will be continued. NEP also envisions scaling-up

public sector led off-grid programs. This includes mini-grids and stand-alone solar systems for

remote areas of the country where neither the grid, nor the private sector distribution channels will

reach in the near-term. While the comprehensive off-grid strategy is under development, the

proposed ELEAP will support pilot-scale off-grid service delivery activities, i.e., off-grid

electrification of up to 5 communities using renewable energy mini-grids (solar or hybrid) and stand-

alone solar systems for households in these communities.

c) Results Area 3: Sector capacity and Institutional reform. The key indicators for this result area will

be determined through the technical, fiduciary and Environmental and Social system assessments to

be prepared as part of the program preparation. This could include targets related to improving the

technical capacity and the financial sustainability of the sector utilities.

For the design of ELEAP, an Environmental and Social System Assessment (ESSA) was carried out by a

team of environment and social development specialists from the World Bank to assess country systems for

environmental and social management. During ESSA preparation, the team conducted a comprehensive

review of systems and procedures of the Ethiopian Electric Utility (EEU) at national level and regional, zonal

and woreda levels EEU and other relevant sectoral institutions who are responsible for environmental, social

and safety matters to address social, environmental and safety issues associated with ELEAP.

The ESSA preparation involved significant consultations at all levels, assessment of existing system and site

visits to environmentally and socially significant areas and activities throughout the Program implementation



2

regions. This process was pass-through an in-depth analysis and revisiting how environmental and social

issues were assessed, integrated and operationalized into the ELEAP and all the information has contributed

a significant input to the preparation of this ESMSG.

This ESMSG document is planned to be used by EEU’s regional and district/woreda bureaus and offices to

ensure that all environmental, social and safety issues are adequately addressed and that the relevant capacity

and training needs are established to effectively implement the recommended measures, and supported by

relevant sector institutions, including MoWIE and Regional Energy Bureaus.

1.2 Purpose of the ESMS Guideline

The objective of the ELEAP PforR ESMS Guideline is to provide an overarching document which clarifies

the organizational arrangements and criteria to be applied during the preparation and implementation of

project specific Environmental and Social Management Plans (ESMP).

The main purposes of the ESMSG are to:

• Establish clear procedures and methodologies for the environmental and social assessment, review,

approval and implementation of construction works to be financed by the program;

• Identify impacts and respective recommended measures to prevent, minimize, mitigate, or compensate

anticipated adverse impacts as well as to enhance potential benefits of the ELEAP;

• Specify appropriate roles and responsibilities, and outline the necessary reporting procedures, for

managing and monitoring environmental and social concerns related to the ELEAP construction

works;

• Provide practical information resources for implementing the ESMS Guideline.

Given the nature and type of program activities, it is identified that the majority of the ELEAP PforR program

activities are unlikely to result in any significant environmental, social or safety negative impacts. This is

because the projects comprise electricity connections to households in areas in proximity of the existing grid

(within 3km) where other low-voltage distribution lines erection are tracked, and new connections can be

accommodated within existing land take and will have no additional impacts on surrounding land use or

users.

1.3 Approaches to the ESMSG Study

This ESMSG will be based upon the ESSA study outcomes and incorporates information from the national,

MoWIE, EEU’s policy and legal reviews; environmental, social and socio-economic baseline; and impact

assessment and mitigation / monitoring recommendations from the related study. Guidance on producing

ESMSG has been based on in-country and World Bank guidance.

1.4 Program Proponent and Operator

EEU is the Project Proponent (implementing agency) for ELEAP and has worked with the World Bank for

the design of ELEAP. EEU will select subprojects for implementation and establish an implementation

program based on the recommendations made in ELEAP. EEU will operate and maintain the densification

program and supply power to consumers.



3

1.5 Public Disclosure and Consultation

Public consultation will be an integral part of the process throughout the planning and execution of a project.

The EHS department under EEU at national level and Regional EEU EHS focal points will interact closely

with the national and regional offices and bureaus over the program implementation period to ensure

participation of all parties. Although the major responsibility of ELEAP implementation lies with EEU, it

may be entrusted to a reputed institution at all levels enjoying the confidence of the people in the area.

For Programs such as the ELEAP, the Government of Ethiopia procedures require that the ESSA, ESMSG

and other instruments are prepared and publicly disclosed prior to appraisal and commencement of each

program activities. Further, the adoption by the EEU Board of this document constitutes a dated legal

covenant under ELEAP. Public disclosure allows the public and other stakeholders to comment on the

possible environmental and social impacts of the project, particularly measures and plans to prevent or

mitigate any adverse environmental and social impacts. In this regard, the draft ESSA has been disclosed

both in-country and on World Bank’s external website and comments received have been incorporated in the

final ELEAP ESSA version After adoption by the EEU Board, these ESMS guidelines will also be publicly

disclosed by the EEU and MoWIE through their website and in public locations, i.e., in Regional and District

offices. Likewise, subsequent EMPs and other instruments will be disclosed in the same manner prior to start

of the respective construction works.

2. ETHIOPIA ELECTRIFICATION PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

The Program development objective (PDO) is to increase access to electricity in Ethiopia and to enhance

institutional capacity for planning and implementation of the Government’s electrification program.

The following outcome indicators will be used to measure achievement of the PDO:

• PDO Indicator 1: Number of people provided with on-grid electricity services

• PDO Indicator 2: Number of people provided with off-grid electricity services

• PDO Indicator 3: Improved planning and implementation capacity of the electricity sector

The Program includes three Results Areas: (1) increase access to on-grid electricity in areas covered by the

national grid; (2) increase access to off-grid electricity; and (3) strengthen sector capacity and institutional

reform. The Results Chain (Table 1) includes a description of activities within each of the Results Areas

which are necessary for achieving the PDO. Indicators and outcomes within each of the Results Areas have

been defined to monitor the progress of the Program. A subset of these indicators will be used as

Disbursement Linked Indicators (DLIs,) bolded in Table 1 of the Program; the remaining will be monitored

through the Program Results Framework.

Table 1. Program Results Chain

Results

Area

Activities Intermediate

Indicators/Outputs

Outcomes

Results

Area 1:

Increase

access to

on-grid

electricity in

areas

covered by

• Service drops, including

meters, and ready-boards

• LV and MV lines

constructed or rehabilitated

• Cumulative number of

residential grid electricity

connections under the Program

[DLI1]

• Cumulative number of non-

residential grid connections

under the Program

• Increased number of

people provided with

on-grid electricity

services



4

Results

Area


Indicators/Outputs

Outcomes

the power

grid • Households connected to the

grid under the Program that are

female-headed

Results

Area 2:

Increase

access to

off-grid

electricity

• Preparation of feasibility

studies and implementation

plans for mini-grids and SAS

• Installation of renewable

energy/hybrid mini-grids

• Installment of SAS

• Households provided with

electricity through mini-grids

and SAS

• Cumulative number of mini-

grids installed [DLI2a]

• Cumulative capacity of

renewable energy installed

through mini-grid projects

under the Program

• Cumulative number of stand-

alone solar PV systems installed

[DLI2b]

• Increased number of

people provided with

off-grid electricity

services

Results

Area 3:

Strengthen

sector

capacity and

institutional

reform

• Staff training and annual

capacity-building activities

• Preparation of studies on:

o Affordable customer

connection policy

o Low-cost

electrification/technical

standards

o Long-term financial

sustainability

o Power system

rehabilitation

• Establishment of minimum

entry conditions for

procurement

• Preparation of off-grid

strategy

• Establishment of a gender

and citizen engagement (CE)

framework

• DoE is established and has put

in place integrated M&E

system, that is maintained

throughout the Program [DLI3]

• Finalization and

implementation of affordable

connections study and long-

term financial sustainability

study

• Annual connection rollout plans

adopted by EEU [DLI4]

• Audited financial statements

(compliant with International

Financial Reporting Standards

[IFRS]) submitted [DLI5a]

• Acceptable performance of

procurement processes and

(internal and external) audit

system maintained [DLI5b]

• Reports on fraud and corruption

(F&C) verified by the Federal

Ethics and Anti-Corruption

Commission (FEACC [DLI5c]

• Gender and CE work program

approved in first year of

Program and Gender and CE

reports updated annually;

[DLI6a]

• Strengthen sector

institutional capacity

• Improved cost-

effectiveness of

Program

• Strengthen sector

planning capacity

• Improve gender and

CE systems

• Strengthen

safeguards system



5

Results

Area


Indicators/Outputs

Outcomes

• Annual customer satisfaction in

key aspects of the Program was

equal or higher than last year’s,

as per annual surveys (between

July 8, 2019 through July 7,

2022) [DLI6b]

• Women in STEM: Increase

women’s employment at EEU

• ESMS established and

operational according to the

adopted guidelines [DLI7]

• Cumulative number of staff in

EEU and MoWIE receiving

training under the Program

2.1 PforR Program Scope

ELEAP is designed to directly support the implementation of the National Electrification Program, across its

three pillars. It will support significant scale-up in electricity connections under Pillar 1 (densification), pilot

programs for off-grid service delivery under Pillar 2, and support Pillar 3 (sector capacity and institutional

reform), an essential precondition for success of the activities under the first two pillars (Figure 1). ELEAP

will finance the activities of the NEP’s on a countrywide eligibility basis.

Figure 1. Program Boundaries for the Proposed ELEAP

Source: NEP-IRM.



6

Activities under Results Area 1: Increase access to on-grid electricity in areas covered by the power grid

through large scale and programmatic densification of electricity connections, including installation of LV

extensions, service drops, metering and limited installations or rehabilitation of MV lines. While Ethiopia’s

geospatial least-cost access expansion plan is under development,1 substantial progress can be made on an

immediate basis by implementing densification activities in areas where the network can support new

connections (a significant waiting list already exists). Densification of consumer connections in areas that

have been recently electrified through the UEAP will enable electrification at a rapid pace, subject to

improvements in sector capacity (as described in paragraph 38 below). Large-scale and programmatic

densification activities will result in improved cost-efficiency of the electrification program and significantly

increased economic benefits in the targeted areas. Activities for densification connections will mostly include

installation of short LV extensions, service drops, and metering, while a few connections might require

limited MV extensions. As part of the NEP, the proposed ELEAP will directly support 1,080,000 new

connections.

Activities under Results Area 2: Increase access to off-grid electricity through provision of support for

pilot-scale off-grid service delivery activities, including off -grid electrification of communities using

renewable energy mini-grids (such as solar and hybrid), as well as installation of SAS for beneficiaries in

these communities. The ongoing private sector-led market development activities and off-grid service

delivery will be continued through the DBE credit facilities under the ENREP. The NEP also envisions

scaling up public sector-led off-grid programs. This includes mini-grids and SAS for remote areas of the

country where neither the grid nor the private sector distribution channels will reach in the near term. While

the comprehensive off-grid strategy of the NEP is under development, the proposed ELEAP will support

pilot-scale off-grid service delivery activities, that is, off-grid electrification of up to five communities using

renewable energy mini-grids (solar or hybrid) and 50,000 SAS for households in these communities.

Activities under Results Area 3: Strengthen sector capacity and institutional reform. Support under

ELEAP will address the key elements of Pillar 3 of the NEP, which focuses on supporting sector capacity

and institutional reform in the Government's electrification program, specifically improving the capacity of

EEU and MoWIE to plan and implement the Program through, inter alia, (a) preparation of annual connection

and roll-out plans; (b) establishment of the DoE and an integrated M&E system; (c) production of

International Financial Reporting Standards Compliant Audited Financial Statements (without disclaimer

opinion); (d) performance improvements of procurement processes; (e) production of reports on F&C

allegations; (f) preparation of reports on CE and gender; (g) improvement of customer satisfaction; and (h)

establishment and maintenance of an ESMS.

Program beneficiaries. The beneficiaries of the Program will include the following:

(a) Households. Given that the majority of the unelectrified households in Ethiopia are in rural areas,

the Program activities are substantially geared toward being ‘pro-poor’. Access to electricity

contributes to an improvement in the quality of life by enabling newly connected consumers to

undertake productive and income-generating activities (less time spent on fetching traditional sources

of energy and clean water) and enhanced access to information/communication (through phone,

radio, television, and so on). Empirical evidence also points to health benefits owing to the reduction

of indoor air pollution due to reduced kerosene consumption.

1 The World Bank and other DPs are supporting the GoE with technical assistance activities to establish a data-driven

planning framework through the development of a nationwide geospatial least-cost plan, which will further detail cost

of connection and guide the optimal strategy for sequencing the rollout of on- and off-grid connections to achieve

universal access.



7

(b) Social institutions. Improvements in the quality of public service delivery are expected through

increased electricity connections, especially of public facilities such as schools; clinics; hospitals (for

example, for cold chain, vaccine and medicine refrigeration, lighting, sterilization); and water

pumping stations (for example, for safe drinking water) used by poor and vulnerable households.

(c) Productive enterprises. Improved access to electricity supply will contribute to increased

productivity and income of enterprises (particularly for micro/small/medium enterprises) and will

assist them in reducing their dependency on expensive diesel generation that has a substantially

higher per unit cost. In addition, increased access to electricity can boost productivity and reduce

sales and equipment losses.

(d) Electricity sector institutions. The sector institutions, especially the MoWIE and EEU, are expected

to benefit from the strengthening of planning and implementation capacity of the NEP, which could

translate into improved institutional performance as well as cost-effectiveness, efficiency,

transparency, and accountability of the sector.

(e) Gender-differentiated benefits. Providing rural households, social services, and enterprises with

improved electricity services has the potential to promote gender equality, create employment and

business opportunities for women, and improve development outcomes regarding, for example,

education. Under the Program, gender-differentiated considerations will be mainstreamed as part of

the utility operations.

Notes for ELEAP investments:

a) The Program explicitly excludes possible high-risk activities and Category “A” types of activities.

Investments, which according to the WB Operational Manual for Environmental Assessment (OP 4.01)

are classified in Category A are explicitly excluded from the Program. These “…are projects which are

likely to have significant adverse environmental impacts that are sensitive, diverse, or unprecedented.

These impacts may affect and area broader than the sites or facilities subject to physical works”.

Category A projects are not supported by PforR operations and EEU cannot use the ELEAP grants for

these types investments.

b) While the scope and scale of works under the Program are not expected to cause significant

adverse environment and social impacts, the national EIA procedures require that all investments

are screened for negative impacts that are sensitive, diverse, or unprecedented on the environment and/or

affected people.

c) Sitting, design, construction, and implementation of all physical works must consider safety risks

and develop a management plan to integrate measures to make them activities result minimum or

no safety risks or impacts.

d) In addition to screening for significant negative impacts, the following works will be ineligible for

financing under the ELEAP:

• Distribution line route outside of existing rights-of-way;

• Infrastructure works that require significant resettlement of people (more than 200 people,

project-specific);

• Activities that would significantly convert natural habitats or significantly alter potentially

important biodiversity and/or cultural resource areas;

• Block access to and/or use of water points etc.;

• Significant impact on physical cultural resources (archaeological sites; religious monuments or


significance);

• Have risk on and/or exclude some members of community, including vulnerable groups,

underserved peoples and ethnic minorities;



8

• Can instigate social tension or conflict and Likely to adversely create or exacerbate conflict

within communities;

• Contravene international and regional conventions on environmental and social issues.

2.2 Excluded activities.

The program will not support activities that are likely to have significant adverse impacts that are sensitive,

diverse or unprecedented on the environment and/or affected people (see Annex 2).

2.3 Disbursement Linked Indicators and Verification Protocols

Disbursement under ELEAP will be governed by a set of seven DLIs. The selection of the DLIs was guided

by the following: (a) consideration of how the selected DLIs would directly provide the incentives for

meeting Program goals and (b) feasibility of measuring, monitoring, and verifying the Disbursement Linked

Results (DLRs). The choice of DLIs is based on the most relevant output indicators, which signal progress

toward achieving the planned outcomes under the Program. Regarding Environmental and Social

Management for the program, the following DLIs are dedicated

(a) DLI 3: Strengthen sector institutional capacity. This DLI relates to Results Area 3 and will be

triggered upon establishment of the DoE within the MoWIE to ensure coordination of activities under

the NEP and putting in place an integrated M&E system that is maintained throughout the Program.

The DoE will include staff with technical, procurement, FM, safeguards, and M&E capacity.

(b) DLI 6: Improve gender and CE systems. This DLI encompasses efforts to mainstream CE and

gender activities at the EEU. The EEU will publish an annual report summarizing CE and gender

activities each year for the duration of the proposed ELEAP. This DLI is related to Results Area 3 and

will be triggered upon (i) the design and adoption of CE and gender work program (as defined in the

POM) in the first year and publication of a report on CE engagement and gender activities for

subsequent years of the Program and (ii) the annual customer satisfaction survey showing equal or

increased customer satisfaction in key aspects (service, grievance, transparency, dialogue, or others,

and so on) in the later years of the Program.

(c) DLI 7: Strengthen safeguards systems. This DLI responds to the critical need to strengthen capacity

to supervise and monitor the social and environmental impacts of the Program. The existing ESMS in

the EEU needs to be improved and required to be implemented at the regional and national levels.

During the first year of implementation, the EEU will establish the ESMS, including

recruitment/assignment of safeguards personnel at the regional and national levels and the adoption of

safeguards guidelines. In subsequent years, the MoWIE and EEU will ensure adequate implementation

of the ESMS, focusing on the adequate screening of Program activities, the implementation of

recommended safeguards measures, and the functioning of the complaint-handling mechanism.

3. ORGANIZATIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES FOR ELEAP IMPLEMENTATION

Governmental institutions at federal, regional, and woreda levels are responsible to take key roles on

supporting, directing, and monitoring of the proposed program to ensure sound implementation of the

required environmental, social and safety management practices during the implementation of ELEAP.

MoWIE as an umbrella institution for the ELEAP is responsible to oversee and ensure sustainable

management during the implementation for both on grid and off grid components; whereas, EEU is direct

implementer mainly for on-grid and off-grid components Both EEU and MoWIE are required to comply with

the wider environmental and sustainability objectives of the Constitution and other sectoral policies. In



9

addition, it is quite evident that the various stakeholders will play also direct or indirect roles in the

implementation of national energy programs, as well as the required safeguards policies. The degree of

influence of the various actors to bring change and ensure the sustainable implementation of the proposed

energy programs do vary both in terms of temporal and spatial dimensions. The different key actors expected

during implementation of the proposed programs are the following:

• Ministry of Water, Irrigation and Electricity (MoWIE)

• Ethiopian Electric Utility (EEU)

• Ethiopia Energy Authority(EEA)

• Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC)

• Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs (MoLSA)

• Relevant Regional Governments Bureaus (RWMEB, BoLSA, BLAU, REPFA)

• Zonal and woreda level Water, Mines and Energy Offices

The importance of integration and coordination of these key actors and timely follow-up coordination and

efficiency is significantly acknowledged for sound implementation of the new Ethiopia Electrification

Program (ELEAP). The roles and responsibilities of the above institutions and their performance and capacity

related to implementation of activities under the program, particularly on the management of environmental,

social and safety matters are discussed below. This section summarizes the institutional roles and

responsibilities of relevant organizations on managing environmental, social and safety matters for effective

implementation of program’s environmental and social management system as defined in various rules,

procedures, and implementation guidelines.

The existing institutional mechanisms and frameworks that are being used for the implementation of other

ongoing energy sector programs are the basis for ESMSG. The following sections describe the relevant

organizational responsibilities and their capacity towards ensuring sound implementation of ELEAP. As

stated above, EEU will be the main driver of implementation of the Ethiopian Electrification Program

(ELEAP)-PforR and it is responsible for the overall program design and implementations at all levels.

Regarding the implementations of environmental and social safeguards, in addition to EEU and MoWIE,

various parties are engaged directly or indirectly for review and clearance of the environmental, social and

safety management, oversee and support the overall Program component activities to be in an

environmentally friendly and socially acceptable.

The Environment and Climate Change Directorate (ECCD) under the MoWIE and the Environment and

Social, Health and Safety (EHS) department under EEU will take the major role and responsibilities to

guarantee sound implementation of environmental, social and safety management during implementation of

the ELEAP. The key directorate and departments under different institutions and their roles, responsibilities

on the implementation of environmental, social and safety management are discussed as follows.

3.1 Federal level Key Institutions for ELEAP implementation

3.1.1 Ministry of Water, Irrigation and Electricity (MoWIE)

The Ministry of Water, Irrigation and Electricity (MoWIE) is a sectoral institution for Water, Irrigation and

Electricity development programs. Under the MoWIE, the DoE will be responsible for Program oversight

and monitoring progress. The DoE will rely on other sector agencies, including the EEU, to facilitate

successful implementation of the goals and objectives of the ELEAP. In addition, a Steering Committee will

provide high-level strategic direction and policy guidance to the DoE. The Ministry of Environment, Forest

and Climate Change (MoEFCC) delegated MoWIE, dated December 2010, for review and clearance of

environmental and social safeguards instruments, which are prepared for the energy and water sector

development Programs. This delegation provided power to enforce the national proclamations and

regulation related to environmental and social safeguards at all phases of Program implementation.



10

Delegated authority: The Federal Environment Protection Agency has delegated authority to sector

institutions to ensure implementation of EIAs in their sector and to undertake EIA reviews. For instance,

MoWIE is responsible for ensuring that an EIA is undertaken on water and energy Programs and to review

the EIA. This delegation has been communicated to sector ministries through an official letter sent by the

Federal EPA dated December 2010.

Vis-à-vis the existing capacity of the Ministry on environmental and social safeguards management during

Program implementation period, the Environment & Climate Change Directorate (ECCD) established under

MoWIE is responsible to ensure the enactment of environmental and social safeguards legal frameworks and

adequate care has been taken by the program implementers at all phases of the program execution.

The ECCD was established in the Ministry of Water, Irrigation, and Electricity in 2011 to bring

environmental protection and sustainable development, secure public welfare, benefit and participation and

facilitates development activities within the scope of the program. The ECCD has two sections (Climate

Change and EIA unit) and both units are staffed with fifteen (15) staffs having different disciplines like

environmentalist and sociologists, etc. (Figure 2). The Environment and Climate Change Directorate (ECCD)

to manage issues related to environment and climate change of the sector and these include:

• Prevent and control pollution of water resources;

• Enforcing and ensuring the compliance of Energy sector program activities to the EIA proclamation

which currently is being implemented;

• Reviewing EIAs and monitoring the implementation of EIA recommendations which is also in part

being implemented through Water, Irrigation and Electricity sectors;

• Regulating environmental compliance and developing legal instruments that ensure the protection of

the environment;

• Ensuring that environmental concerns are mainstreamed into sector activities.

The Roles and Responsibilities of Environment & Climate Change Directorate are:

• Plan the tasks in the Directorate, monitor the implementation, report timely to the concerned

stakeholders;

• Coordinate development plans/programs/projects/initiatives of the CRGE in the Water, Irrigation

& Electricity sectors of the Ministry;

• Evaluate and comment Policy, Proclamation, regulations, strategies, programs, plans, ranks & rules

of Water, Irrigation & Electricity sectors; monitor implementation;

• Coordinate efforts that secure the benefits from Clean Development Mechanisms, Renewable

Energy Sources & other facilities in the Water, Irrigation & Electricity sectors; monitor

implementation;

• Prepare awareness creation programs for the concerned stakeholders;

• Develop Database & publicize to stakeholders;

• Evaluate, approve & give clearance based on environmental Impact Assessment documents of the

planned developmental Programs of the Water, Irrigation & Electricity sub-sectors;

• Coordinate compensation, resettlement & public participation works of Water, Irrigation &

Electricity sub-sectors development plans jointly with other stakeholders;

• Monitor the implementation of management plan of ESIA documents of Water, Irrigation &

Electricity sub-sectors during the implementation of the development plans;



11

• Identify & create awareness about the influence of climate change on Water, Irrigation & Electricity

sub-sectors and encompass in the environmental study documents;

• Give support and Work jointly with regional and other stakeholders; and

• Participate in international climate change negotiations.

Figure 1: Environment and Climate change directorate under MOWIE Organogram

3.1.2 Ethiopian Electric Utility (EEU)

The Ethiopian Electric Utility (EEU) is responsible for the implementation of ELEAP. It was established as

a new utility in 2013 and the details of the utility roles and responsibilities are discussed under section four

(4) above.

The national regulation was endorsed for the establishment of the EEU on the date of December 27, 2013

“Council of Minsters Regulation No. 303/2013 to provide for the establishment of the Ethiopian Electric

Utility-Ministers Regulation: Page 7126”. The Regulation stated that the purposes for which the EEU is

established are as follows to:

• construct and maintain electric distribution networks;

• contract out the distribution networks construction to contractors as required;

• administer electric distribution networks, to purchase bulk electric power and sell electric energy to

customers;

• initiate electric tariff amendments and, upon approval, to implement same;

• in line with directives and policy guidelines issued by the Ministry of Finance and Economic

Development, to sell and pledge bonds and to negotiate and sign loan agreements with local and

international financial sources; and

• undertake any other related activities necessary for the attainment of its purposes.

EEU has established the Environment, Health, and Safety (EHS) department (EHS), comprises of two units,

i.e., environment and social; and health and safety (Figure 4). The EHS department main responsibility is

Minister (MoWIE)

Environment and cimate change Directorate (ECCD)

EIA team

EXPERTS

Scocioeconomist, Environmentalist, Economist, Lawer, Geographer

Climate Change Team

EXPERTS

Environmentalist, Forester, Economist, Ecologist, Sociologist



12

working on environmental, social, health and safety matters, which the major responsibilities of the unit are

the followings:

• Policy formulation on EHS

• Drafting and finalization of the EHS manual, procedures and guideline

• Coordinating within the organization for building the internal system capability and implementing

the required training of staff for the successful implementation of the EHS measures

• Establish and strengthen coordination among the relevant government organizations, like MoWIE,

MoEFCC, MoLSA

• Monitoring and Evaluation of the implementation of safeguards under the Program

• Data collection and reporting to the funding organizations in the agreed format at agreed intervals

• Ensure sufficient resources to provide the required services on EHS over the program period

• Ensure adequate occupational health & safety instruction are given to all parties engaging in the

implementation of ELEPA

• Coordination with the funding organizations and review of safeguards instruments of the

development programs under EEU

• Confirm to organize collection, analysis, and presentation of data on accident, sickness, and incidents

involving personal injury or injury to occupational health with a view to taking corrective, remedial,

and preventive action.

Figure 2: Organigram of EEU’s EHSQ Directorate

REGIONAL ENVIRONMENT, SOCIAL, HEATH

AND SAFETY MANAGER AND SOCIAL (EHS)

UNITS

CEO

ENVIRONMENT, SOCIAL,

HEATH, AND SAFETY

(EHS) HEAD

ENVIRONM

ENT

OFFICER

SOCIAL

OFFICER HEALTH

OFFICER SAFETY

OFFICER

HEALTH AND

SAFETY MANAGER

ENVIRONMENT AND

SOCIAL MANAGER



13

3.1.3 Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC)

At a federal level, the lead environmental protection organization is the MoEFCC. The former Environmental

Protection Authority (EPA), which is transferred to MoEFCC was established in 1995 under Proclamation

9/1995, as an independent agency reporting to the Council of Ministers. The mandates, which previously

indicated for the former Federal EPA, have been transferred over to the MoEFCC. MoEFCC is required to

implement measures to ensure that the environmental objectives of the Constitution are realized and that

social, economic and environmental justice is promoted. They also have responsibilities for building a

climate resilient green economy and for ensuring the implementation of international environmental

agreements.

The key objective of the MoEFCC is to formulate policies, strategies, laws and standards, which foster social

and economic development in a manner that enhance the welfare of humans and the safety of the

environment, and to spearhead in ensuring the effectiveness of the process of their implementation. As per

proclamation 916/2015, The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change have bestowed among

others with the following powers and duties:

• Coordinate activities to ensure that the environmental objectives provided under the Constitution and

the basic principles set out in the Environmental Policy of the Country are realized;

• Establish a system for evaluating and decision making, in accordance with the Environmental Impact

Assessment Proclamation, the impacts of implementation of investment programs and projects on

environment prior to approvals of their implementation by the concerned sectoral licensing organ or

the concerned regional organ;

• Coordinate actions on soliciting the resources required for building a climate resilient green economy

in all sectors and at all Regional levels; as well as provide capacity building support and advisory

services;

• Establish an environmental information system that promotes efficiency in environmental data

collection, management and use;

• In accordance with the provisions of the relevant laws, enter any land, premise or any other place

that falls under the federal jurisdiction, inspect anything and take samples as deemed necessary

with a view to discharging its duty and ascertaining compliance with environmental protection

requirements.

• Enforcing and ensuring compliance to the EIA proclamation which currently is being implemented

through delegated authority provided to sector ministries;

• Reviewing EIAs and monitoring the implementation of EIA recommendations which is also in part

being implemented through delegated authority provided to sector ministries;

• Regulating environmental compliance and developing legal instruments that ensure the protection of

the environment;

• Where projects are subject to federal licensing execution or supervision or where they are likely to

entail inter-regional impacts, review environmental impact study reports of such projects and notify

its decision to the concerned licensing agency and, as may be appropriate, audit and regulate their

implementation in accordance with the conditions set out during authorization.

• Ensuring that environmental concerns are mainstreamed into sector activities; and

• Coordinating, advising, assessing, monitoring and reporting on environment-related aspects and

activities

• Promote or assist in the formulation of environmental protection action plans and Programs and

solicit support for such action plans and Programs.

• Prepare directives to implement environmental protection laws and, upon approval, ensure their

implementation.



14

• Provide advice and support to regions regarding the management and protection of the

environment.

• Delegate some of its powers and duties, as it may be deemed appropriate, to other agencies.

The MoEFCC, the Former EPA, delegated the respective development Ministries, including the MoWIE to

review and provide clearance on the environmental and social assessment report prepared for Energy sector

programs. Therefore, the MoWIE is responsible to ensure the compliance of the proposed program to the

required environmental and social management policies and legal framework and other relevant international

policies and standards, including WB policies applicable for the ELEAP. The MoEFCC is also responsible

to check and evaluate the MoWIE’s decision on environmental assessment process and clearance through

the regular consultation with MoWIE and clearance reports of the MoWIE on safeguards instruments.

The MoEFCC is responsible to provide guidance, technical support, and capacity building on safeguards

management for regional environmental authorities; preparation of guidelines and procedures appropriate to

the programs/projects, and create awareness towards sound management of environmental and social

safeguards. The MoEFCC has no direct involvement of the MoEFCC in reviewing and clearance of the

safeguards instruments prepared by ELEAP. As the department of EIA under the MoEFCC has an extensive

experience in reviewing, decisions for safeguards instruments approval and clearance, and project site

auditing, the EEU and MoWIE would obtain support and guidance over the program implementation period,

as required.

Sector environment units: The other environmental organs stipulated in the Environmental Protection

Organs Establishment Proclamation (295/2002) are ‘Sector Environmental Units’ which have been

established in some of the line Ministries, including MoWIE. These Sector Environment Units have the

responsibility of coordinating and implementing activities in line with environmental protection laws and

requirements (Article 14, Proclamation 295/2002).

Article 13 of the EIA Proclamation 299/2002 requires that public instruments undertake EIA. To this end,

Sector Environmental Units play an important role in ensuring that EIA is carried out on Program activities

initiated by their respective sector institution. However, capacity of these units is limited

3.1.4 Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs

The Ministry of Labor and Social Affair (MoLSA), the main agency responsible for Occupational Health

and safety was established in 1995 under Proclamation 4/1995, as an independent agency reporting to the

Council of Ministers.

The MolSA is required to provide regional authorities with guidance, technical support, and capacity

building; support the development of various guidelines, including procedures appropriate to local projects;

undertake awareness creation in other federal agencies; and provide technical support to those agencies. The

Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs shall have the powers and duties to:

• With a view to ensuring the maintenance of industrial peace: a) encourage and support workers and

employers to exercise their right to organize and collective bargaining; b) encourage the practice of

participating in bilateral forums between workers and employers and tri-partite forums including the

government; c) establish efficient labor dispute settlement mechanisms;

• Issue and follow up the implementation of occupational health and safety standards

• Create conducive conditions for the provision of efficient and equitable employment services;

determine conditions for the issuance of work permit to foreigners and issue such permits; regulate

the provision of foreign employment services to Ethiopians;



15

• Undertake studies on manpower employed in the formal and informal sectors, unemployed

manpower and the classification of jobs in the country; collect, compile and disseminate information

on labor market;

• Register workers’ and employers’ unions established at national level;

• Register workers’ unions and collective agreements relating to federal public enterprises situated in

cities accountable to the Federal Government, and carry out labor inspection services in such

enterprises;

• Undertake and facilitate the implementation of studies on ensuring and improving the social well-

being of citizens, on a) the protection of family and marriage; b) the creation of equal opportunity

for persons with disabilities; c) the provision of care to the elderly and the encouragement of their

participation. 33. Other Federal Executive Organs.

3.2 Regional, Zonal and Woreda levels key actors for ELEAP

3.2.1 Regional, Zonal and Woreda level Water, Mines and Energy Bureaus (WMEB)

The regional Water, Mines and Energy Bureaus are the major stakeholders to support EEU during

implementation of the ELEAP at the regional and local level (Zone and Woreda) and are an autonomous

body under MoWIE. The respective main roles under these regional bureaus are to promote and facilitate

improved access to modern energy services, particularly for off grid energy sources in rural areas of the

nation, by working in partnership and collaboration with other relevant sectors, microfinance institutions,

private sector actors, NGOs, and community based organizations (CBOs). Overall, the main functions of

RWMEB are the following:

• Promote the alternative energy systems by using different means including media;

• Coordinate and support the design, implementation and supervision of distribution power line

rehabilitation and upgrading construction activities;

• Awareness creation on the on grid and off-grid energy components of programs for the pertinent

government energy sectors in zones and woredas and the relevant private sector (micro finance

institutions, distributors of solar energy systems, technicians for the installation of solar energy

systems) in their respective regions;

• Provide training on technical aspects of off grid system like installation and maintenance of solar

lanterns, solar home systems at zone and Woreda levels including for technicians graduated from

TVET;

• Control the distribution and installation of illegal solar energy equipment in collaboration with

other government sectors;

• Support, follow-up, monitor and evaluate the overall implementation of the alternative sources

of energy at hand in their respective regions;

• Avail accessories on time in consultation with the relevant bodies;

• Sensitize the beneficiaries to return loans in collaboration with zonal and Woreda administrative

bodies;

• Ensure that all lenders finish their construction on fixed time of construction and install the solar

systems within a specified period;

• Ensure that all the necessary appliances are provided on time;

• Make sure that the solar systems are functional;

• Organize quarterly field visit with the micro finance institutions and respective Woreda

officials/experts for joint supervision and support;

• Report to the MoWIE on a monthly, quarterly, biannually and annually basis.

• Promote, stimulate, facilitate, and improve modern energy access for productive uses in rural

areas to stimulate rural economic and social development; and



16

• Promote rational and efficient production and use of energy, and facilitate identification

and development of improved energy Program s and activities in rural areas.

3.2.2 Regional and Local Environmental Protection Authorities

Proclamation No.295/2002 (The Environmental Protection Organs Establishment Proclamation) empowers

each regional state to establish its own independent environmental agency. The Tigray, SNNPR, and

Benishangul Gumuz regional States have established the Environmental Protection Core Process Unit under

the Environmental Protection, Land Administration, and Use Bureau (EPLAUB). Whereas, the Oromia and

Amhara Regional states have a standalone regional environmental authority align with the MoEFCC.

Depending on the existing roles and responsibilities arrangements of the local environmental organs who are

delegated by the regional respective bureaus for, safeguards document review and clearance and monitoring

of environmental management, the local offices are mandated only for category B project, like ELEAP

program with limited impacts that can be managed with best practice.

The Environmental protection departments and units at all regions are responsible to monitor, review and

provide clearance of safeguards instruments prepared for projects implemented at regional level, particularly

for category A/Schedule I projects. For Category B/ Schedule II and Category C/ Schedule III projects, which

applies for ELEAP, in some regions, the regional authorities and respective core processes delegated for

zonal and woreda level environmental authorities and offices and authorities to monitor and follow-up the

implementation of safeguards instruments. No clearance is provided at zonal and woreda level, except for

simple ESMP that is prepared for projects with minimum impacts.

The major activities of these organs are responsible for: formulating regional policies, strategies and

guidelines; regulating development projects in order to minimize environmental damage; initiating

environmental laws; environmental auditing and collecting environmental data. The Amhara and Tigray

regions have endorsed the EIA proclamation and guidelines that all environmental and social safeguards

management under project activities aligned with. Among other the responsibilities of Zonal and Woreda

level Environmental organs are:

• Coordinate activities to ensure that the basic principles set out in the Environmental Policy of

the Country are realized;

• Establish a system for evaluating and decision making, in accordance with the Environmental

Impact Assessment Proclamation, the impacts of implementation of investment programs and

projects on environment prior to approvals of their implementation by the concerned sectoral

licensing organ or the concerned regional organ;

• Enforcing and ensuring compliance to the EIA proclamation which currently is being

implemented

• Reviewing ESMPs and monitoring the implementation of ESMPs recommendations;

• Regulating environmental compliance that ensure the protection of the environment;

• Ensuring that environmental concerns are mainstreamed into sector activities; and

• Coordinating, advising, assessing, monitoring and reporting on environment-related aspects and

activities

3.2.3 Regional and District Land Administration and Use (LAU) Institutions

Regional states have the responsibility to enact rural land administration and land use laws with detailed

provisions on implementation and to establish institutions to support implementation of these laws.

Following establishment of the Federal Environmental Protection Authority (EPA), regional governments

established the Environmental Protection, Land administration, and Use Authority (EPLAU) then vested with



17

responsibility of the administering rural land. Currently, there are certain variations among regions in the

arrangement of Environment and Land Administration and Use offices, for instance, Amhara Land

Administration and Uses (LAU) is independent bureau accountable to Regional Councils; while others are

embedded in the Bureau of Agriculture and are responsible for providing technical and administrative support

as well as carrying out a review and monitoring function for the implementation of regulations related to land

acquisition.

The land Administration and Use department of EPLAU or the LAU bureau is responsible for providing

technical and administrative support as well as carrying out a review and monitoring function for

implementation of regulations related to land acquisition .During the assessment, regional consultations made

with representatives from Amhara Land Administration and Use Bureau (BoALAU), South (SNNP) region

land Administration and Use department under Bureau of Agriculture and Natural Resources (SBOANR),

Benishangul Gumuz Bureau of Environment, Forestry and Land Administration (BoEFLA) and Tigray

Environmental Protection, Land Administration And Use Agency (TEPLAUA). The land Administration

and Use departments of these offices are responsible for providing technical and administrative support as

well as carrying out a review and monitoring function for implementation of regulations related to land

acquisition.

3.2.4 Regional Bureaus of Labor and Social Affairs (BoLSA)

Bureaus (agency in some regions) of labor and social affairs have been established in the nine regional states

and two city administrations. The Bureau of Labor and Social Affairs (BoLSA) is mandated to manage social,

labor and health and safety issues. These regional offices coordinate the implementation of the (2014) Social

Protection Policy. BoLSA/Agency of Labor and Social Affairs are also responsible for supervising the

implementation of occupational health and safety standards during construction. In cooperation with

concerned stakeholders, they undertake and facilitate the implementation of studies on ensuring and

improving the social well-being of citizens, particularly related to creating enabling conditions for persons

with disabilities to benefit from equal opportunities and full participation, as well as providing care to the

elderly and encouraging their participation

The labor, health and safety activities are managed by the harmonious industrial relations and employment

services promotion departments of the labor and social affairs offices. Regionally the similar unit /structure

manages labor and worker safety activities with staffing structure at zone and woreda/district level as well.

For the ESSA, consultations were made with SNNPR, Agency of Labor and Social Affairs (ALSA), Tigray

(BoLSA), Benishangul Gumuz (BOLSA) and Amhara (BoLSA).

The labor relation and employment service department of SNNPR has Organizational Safety and Health

(OSH), labor relation and industrial relations board as well child labor and trafficking sections. The structure

is similar for other regions, there is also staffing at zone and woredas, however woreda level staffing is very

limited, based on field observations only one expert per woreda in the case of visited woredas in Benishangul

and Tigray. Generally, when staffing capacity is seen though it varies from region to region, there is staffing

gap for regular inspection, follow up and training provisions. The consulted regional offices in Tigray and

Amhara informed that they provide trainings on labor proclamations, as well as other health and safety issues,

as they are trained by the ministry and other non-governmental agencies. They also conduct inspections.

These offices are willing to provide trainings on Health and Safety to other stakeholders like EEU upon

request.



18

4. ESMS POLICY AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK

4.1 Background

The effects of development projects on the biophysical and social environment should be assessed in order

to ensure that all development program and project implementations, as much as possible, must be

environmental friendly and comply with the relevant environmental policies, guidelines and procedures. In

this regards, policies, legislative frameworks, guidelines and standards have been developed by governmental

and non-governmental organizations to contribute for the enhancement of sustainable development.

This section describes the existing environmental and social management system of the various institutions

applicable to the Program. It provides an overview of the policy and legal framework and a profile of the

various key institutions and their role with respect to the management of environmental and social aspects.

As a PforR, ELEAP requires that all operations will function within an adequate national legal and regulatory

framework. In this context, management of the environmental and social effects of program activities under

ELEAP has been assessed to manage the adverse impacts based on the existing environmental and social

management systems of Ethiopia.

Based on the previous assessment conducted by WB, the applicable Ethiopia’s environmental and social

policies and legal framework have been identified. Therefore, national policies, legislations and guidelines

which govern the way in which environmental and social assessments are conducted in Ethiopia, and the

framework in which the environmental and social management of development projects should be

undertaken, have been identified and reviewed during this ESMSG process.

4.2 Ethiopia’s Relevant Legal Framework, Policies, Strategies, and Regulations

4.2.1 The Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia

The constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia had issued in August 1995 with several

provisions, which provides basic and comprehensive principles and guidelines for environmental protection

and management in the country. The concept of sustainable development and environmental and social rights

among others are pinpointed below:

Article 44- Environmental Rights

• All persons have the right to a clean and healthy environment.

• All persons who have been displaced or whose livelihoods have been adversely affected as a result

of State programs have the right to commensurate monetary or alternative means of compensation,

including relocation with adequate State assistance.

Article 90- Social Objectives

• To the extent the country’s resources permit, policies shall aim to provide all Ethiopians access to

• Public health and education, clean water, housing, food and social security.

• Education shall be provided in a manner that is free from any religious influence, political

partisanship or cultural prejudices.

Article 92- Environmental Objectives

• Government shall endeavor to ensure that all Ethiopians live in a clean and healthy environment.

• The design and implementation of programs and projects of development shall not damage or destroy

the environment.

• People have the right to full consultation and to the expression of views in the planning and

implementations of environmental policies and projects that affect them directly.



19

• Government and citizens shall have the duty to protect the environment.

4.2.2 Relevant Environmental and Sectoral policies

As stated above, Ethiopia has adopted the Constitution in 1995, which provides the basic and comprehensive

principles and guidelines for environmental protection and management. Among other things the

Constitution states that everyone has the right to live in a clean and healthy environment and the government

will make every effort to provide such an environment. The policy document contains elements that state the

importance of mainstreaming socio-ecological dimensions in development programs and projects. In lien

with the constitution, the Government of Ethiopia has issued several sectoral and cross-sectoral policies and

guidelines that consider environmental issues for sustainable development. Among these, the ones which are

most relevant are described below

4.2.2.1 Environment Policy of Ethiopia (EPE)

The Environmental Policy (EPE) of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia was approved by the

Council of Ministers in April 1997 (EPA/MEDAC 1997) that was based on the policy and strategic findings

and recommendations of the Conservation Strategy of Ethiopia. The policy is aimed at guiding sustainable

social and economic development of the country through the conservation and sustainable utilization of the

natural, man-made and cultural resources and the environment at large. The overall policy goal is to improve

and enhance the health and quality of life of all Ethiopians and to promote sustainable social and economic

development through the sound management and use of natural, human-made and cultural resources and the

environment as a whole so as to meet the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability

of future generations to meet their own needs.

The Specific Policy Objectives among others seeks to:

• ensure that the benefits from the exploitation of non-renewable resources are extended as far into the

future as can be managed, and minimize the negative impacts of their exploitation on the use and

management of other natural resources and the environment;

• incorporate the full economic, social and environmental costs and benefits of natural resource

development into the planning, implementation and accounting processes by a comprehensive

valuation of the environment and the services it provides, and by considering the social and

environmental costs and benefits which cannot currently be measured in monetary terms;

• prevent the pollution of land, air and water in the most cost-effective way so that the cost of effective

preventive intervention would not exceed the benefits;

• conserve, develop, sustainably manage and support Ethiopia’s rich and diverse cultural heritage; and,

• raise public awareness and promote understanding of the essential linkages between environment and

development.

Specifically, with regard to Energy Resource, the three major relevant policies issued in the Environment

Policy of Ethiopia are the following:

• To adopt an inter-sectoral process of planning and development this integrates energy development

with energy conservation, environmental protection and sustainable utilization of renewable

resources.

• To promote the development of renewable energy sources and reduces the use of fossil energy

resources for ensuring sustainability and for protecting the environment, as well as for their

continuation into the future.

• To locate, develop, adopt or adapt energy sources and technologies to replace biomass fuels.

The Government of Ethiopia has recently initiated to update the Environmental policy of Ethiopia. The

Technical committee under the Ministry of Environment, Forest, and Climate Change was formalized to be



20

in charge of updating the National environmental policy to fulfill and gaps identified in addressing climate

change and other environmental issues.

4.2.2.2 Ethiopia Electric Utility’s (EEU’s) Environmental and Social Policy and Procedures

The draft Policy statement on ‘Environment & Social”; along with stated ‘Objectives’ was developed and

framed by the EEU. Environmental and Social Office of EEU has developed its corporate Environmental

and Social Policy and Procedures (ESPP) to address the environment and socio-economic issues arising from

its activities based on the basic principles of Avoidance, Minimization and Mitigation.

EEU is committed to the goal of sustainable development and conservation of nature and natural resources,

while continually improving its management systems by accessing specialised knowledge and technology.

EEU shall strictly follow the basic principles: of Avoidance, Minimization and Mitigation in dealing with

environmental and social issues. Where imperative, Restoration and Enhancement shall be undertaken and

strive to become Africa’s hub of green and clean energy by following excellent standards and benchmarks.

The objectives of the Policy are as follows: -

• To avoid operation in environmental eco-sensitive areas, forests, sanctuaries, national park etc.

• To minimize adverse impacts on natural environment;

• To mitigate the damage; and

• To facilitate harmonious relationship between EEU and the community through mutual cooperation.

The ESPP outlines EEU's approach and commitment to deal with environmental and social issues relating to

its generation plants, transmission system and distribution network. This document is a dynamic and living

document, which shall be further upgraded in the light of the experiences gained from field implementation

and other relevant factors. The main aim of ESPP is to give a human face to corporate functioning and move

away from the classical cost-benefit approach to the larger realm of corporate social responsibility, while

mainstreaming the environmental and social concerns.

This first ESPP document has been developed, based on desk research, consultations with the Environmental

Monitoring Office of the former EEPCo, on the regulatory framework and analysis of the domestic laws of

the land, consistent international regulations, guidelines, etc.

EEU has established EHS department, which comprises two units i.e. Environment and Social; Health

and Safety offices (Figure 4). The EHS team main responsibility is working on environmental, social

and safety matters, which the major responsibilities of the unit are the followings: -

• policy formulation on EHS;

• drafting and finalization of the EHS manual, procedures and guideline;

• coordinating within the organization for building the internal system capability and implementing

the required training of staff for the successful implementation of the EHS measures;

• coordination within the relevant government organizations, like MoWIE, MoEFCC;

• monitoring and Evaluation of the implementation of safeguards under the Program;

data collection and reporting to the funding organizations in the agreed format at agreed intervals;

and

• coordination with the funding organizations and review of safeguards instruments of the

development programs under EEU.

4.2.3 Proclamations, Regulations, and Procedural Guidelines

The summary of GoE proclamations and legal frameworks on environmental and social management

applicable to the ELAEP are depicted in the below Table 2. Please refer ESSA for details on Environmental

and social management proclamation, directive and legal framework.



21

Table 2: Some of the Legal Requirements & Compliance Measures applicable to ELEAP

NO. LEGAL

REQUIREMENTS

ACT/RULES/GUIDEL

INES

APPLICABLE ATTRIBUTES • EEU’S COMPLIANCE MEASURES

1 A Proclamation on

Energy, No. 810/2013 • Section 5 Art. (17) Suggests that compensation to be paid for all

damages while performing the activities provided under Art. (16)

• EEU follows these provisions together with

EPA guidelines.

• Section 5 Art. (18) Provides basis for expropriation of land in

accordance with the relevant law.

• Section 5 Art. 16(3) Provides the right to cut or lop trees or remove

crops, plants or other things that obstruct the construction or

operation of electrical works or may cause danger to electrical

lines.

2

Environmental

Protection Authority

(EPA) Proclamation No

295/2002

• Its objective is to ensure the country’s sustainable social and

economic development. Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) is

also required as per existing provisions of law.

• EEU commits itself to follow the mandatory and

prescriptive requirements.

3 Environment Pollution

Control (EPC)

Proclamation, 300/2002

• Deals with Management and Handling of Hazardous Waste,

Chemical and Radioactive Substance.

• EEU express the determination and commitment

to follow the substantial rule of Management

and Handling of Hazardous Waste, Chemical

and Radioactive Substance.



22

NO. LEGAL

REQUIREMENTS

ACT/RULES/GUIDEL

INES


Batteries Management

and Handling) • Bulk consumers like EEU to dispose all used batteries to dealers,

manufacturer, registered recycler, re-conditioners or at the

designated collection centres only.

• Used batteries are sold to registered recyclers/

dealers/ manufacturers are submitted to the

concerned Authority or the relevant regional

environmental agency.

Hazardous Wastes

(Management and

Handling)

• All used mineral oil is categorized as hazardous waste and require

proper handling and disposal.

• Mineral oil is sold as used oil to registered

recyclers, is submitted to the concerned

Authority or the relevant regional

environmental agency.

Ozone Depleting

Substances (Regulation

and Control)

• Controls and regulations specified on manufacturing, import,

export, and use of CFC compound.

• EEU follows all provisions of notification, and

is phasing out all equipment’s that use ODS

4 Labour Proclamation,

2003 • The act specifies the employer's liability for compensation to the

employee in several situations.

• EEU maintains safety as a top priority, and has

a dedicated unit to oversee all health and safety

aspects of its project. EEU has framed detailed

guidelines/checklists for workers’ safety.

5 Resettlement Policy

Framework • Applicable to projects where 400 families in plain and 200 families

in hills are displaced amass.

• Entitlement benefits listed for PAFs are adopted

by EEU in its “Social Entitlement Framework”

and the same is implemented wherever land

acquisition is undertaken.



23

NO. LEGAL

REQUIREMENTS

ACT/RULES/GUIDEL

INES


6 Land Expropriation

and Payment of

Compensation Act, 2005

• This Act prescribes a well-defined procedure for acquisition of

private properties for public purpose.

• EEU follows the procedures as prescribed in the

Act for acquisition of land for its projects

wherever applicable. EEU exercises flexibility

during site selection to avoid environmental and

social impacts.



24

• Directive on Clearance of Overhead Electric Lines No. EEA/1/2005

The previous Ethiopia Electricity Agency (EEA), established in 2014 as an autonomous organ with

naming Ethiopian Energy Authority (EEA), is responsible for setting standards and specifications for

electricity projects related activities. The Council of Minsters Regulation No 308/2014 gave way to the

establishment of the Ethiopian Energy Authority as an autonomous federal government organ.

The Energy Authority is accountable to the Ministry of Water, Irrigation and Energy. The Directive on

Clearance of overhead electric lines was issued by the then Ethiopian Electricity Agency pursuant to the

authority vested in it by Articles 55, 67 and 69 of Electricity Operations Council of Ministers

Regulations No. 49/1999. The objective of the Directive is to set standards for the clearance spaces

associated with transmission and distribution lines for the purpose of the protection of persons from risk

and property from damage, as well as to specify the quality of supply voltage.

Article 6, 7 and 8 of the directive include the minimum standard distance corresponding to electric lines

from ground for a road accessible to vehicular traffic, a building or structure, track of a small gauge

railway/tramway system and clearance from vegetation as well as other lines. For ELEAP activities

mainly involve works on low and medium voltage up to 33kv. According to the Agency directives of

overhead electric line clearance 5 m wide ROW is required for overhead electric lines, not exceeding

33 kV and growing of trees under electric lines shall not be allowed. The land beneath these overhead

lines can continue to be used normally by the owner for grazing and plowing. The ROW is required to

ensure the safe construction, maintenance, and operation of the power line.

4.2.4 Occupational and Community Health and Safety

Ethiopian Federal Democratic Republic constitution ensures the right of workers to work in a healthy

and safe working environment as stipulated in Article 42(2). The Constitution contains a full chapter on

fundamental rights and freedoms, which includes the right to equality without discrimination, the rights

of women and children, the right to access to justice, and economic, social and cultural rights. It also

covers the “Rights of labor”, including the rights of workers to form associations to improve their

conditions of employment and economic well-being, the reasonable limitation of working hours, to

remuneration for public holidays and to a healthy and safe working environment. The structure and

division of powers between Federal and State governments are also covered by the Constitution.

• Directive of 2008 Occupational Safety and Health,

The other significant piece of recent legislation in this area is the Occupational Safety and Health

Directive, which was adopted in July 2008. This is also very wide-ranging in its application, covering

all employment sectors but with specific provisions for the manufacturing and construction sectors.

Without prejudice to the Labor Proclamation, this Directive lays down general duties of employers and

the duties and rights of workers, and the need for certain organizational measures such as a safety and

health policy and arrangements, and for personal protective equipment. It also specifies measures for

controlling a wide range of risks, such as those from chemicals, noise, radiation, machinery, working at

heights, boilers and lifting equipment. There are also specific provisions for the recording and notifying

of occupational accidents and diseases (Box 6).

5. ESMS PROCESSES: PREPARATION& IMPLEMENTATION

5.1 General

This chapter sets out the ESMS processes, particularly screening of program activities for environmental

and social management and identifies the responsibilities of implementing parting in the program

ESMS. In detail, the section discusses about environmental and social issues that will be addressed,

steps to be taken for managing environmental, social and safety risks; various elements of the ESMSG

which include environmental screening and assessment processes, application for environmental



25

authorization, and guideline for ESMP; and anticipated program impacts and the respective measure to

ensure compliance of national and international policies and standards.

5.2 Key issues and responsibilities for the screening and appraisal processes

In order to ensure the ESMS is in place, EEU is required to demonstrate the implementation of the

program activities are environmental friendly and socially acceptable. The ESMSG has been prepared

and be available for relevant implementing institutions at all levels. As required, other safeguards

instruments like ESMP, A/RAP and Safety Management Plan (SMP) will also be prepared during

implementation period before the commencement of the specific project construction activities.

The program will take EHS risks/impacts seriously for better management of activities under the

program with full consideration of the importance of the environmental, social and safety matters and

to ensure improvements in people’s well-being. The GoE has established institutions and legal

framework for environmental, social and safety management. The activities set out in this ESMSG

therefore build on the GOE’s policies, laws, and procedures in environmental, social and safety

management (see section 4). The following table 3 outlines the proposed roles and responsibilities for

the different steps in screening and appraisal.

Table 3. Outline of Roles and Responsibilities for the ESMSG

Activity Lead Role for preparation and/or

implementation

Lead role for

review,

approval

&monitoring

Completion of screening using the form in

Annex 1: Screening Form.

Regional safeguards specialists under

the EEU offices

MoWIE, CSA,

REFAs (if

required)

PESIA, ESMP, SMAP, A/RAP

preparation, if required

Regional safeguards specialists under

the EEU offices

Implementation of ESMP, SMP, A/RAP,

as required Safeguards specialists under the EEU

EHS unit and Regional EEU offices

Monitoring of ESMP, SMP, A/RAP

implementation.

Annual Audit and quarterly Performance

review

EEU-EHS unit for quarterly

performance review, REFA for the

annual environmental, social and safety

audit

MoWIE, CSA,

MoEFCC

(if required)

Inspection and Supervision of

occupational health and safety

EEU EHS unit and Regional EEU

offices,

BoLSA,

MoLSA

5.3 Procedures and Steps for environmental and social management screening

5.3.1 Guiding Principles

The overriding guiding principle to the implementation of the proposed programs is through

participatory and community demand driven approach. The environmental, social and safety

management and screening process will be attained through the procedures and steps described below

on project screening cycle (see Figure 4).



26

Given the scale and nature of anticipated construction activities of ELEAP, an Environmental, and

Social Impact Assessment (ESIA2) might not be necessary. However, using the screening checklist

annexed in this ESMSG, program’s activities are required to pass through environmental screening to

identify potential risks and categorize subprojects on the bases of level of impacts, and take respective

measures aimed at avoiding, offsetting, and/or minimizing environmental, social and safety impacts to

levels that are acceptable.

This section describes the steps and procedures of environmental and social management screening to

ensure that environmental, social and safety risks and impacts are adequately addressed over the

program implementation period. The ELEAP-ESSA highlighted the Program planning and focus on

ensuring environmental friendly and socially acceptable program implementation with no harm

principle through applying best practices and sound mitigation measures.

The implementation of environmental management and screening process will be attained through the

procedures and steps described below on program implementation and screening cycle as shown in

Figure 5. The overall guiding principles of the proposed ELEAP implementations are the following, but

not limited to:

• Conforming to the national and regional environmental assessment requirements and

standards;

• Ensuring no harm or minimum impact to the nearby social and biophysical environment that

can be mitigated easily by employing best practices methods;

• Proposed activities under ELEAP will undergo for environmental and social impacts

screening;

• Ensuring sound implementation of the recommended mitigation measures;

• The planning and implementation process will integrate ESMP or other relevant environmental,

social and safety management instruments, as required;

• Promoting adequate and timely technical support to MoWIE, EEU at National, Regional

and Woreda levels; and

• Promoting supervision and monitoring of implementation of program activities by EEU,

MoWIE, and the respective regional and woreda level Bureaus and offices, with the support

from environment protection and Labor and Social services institutions.

• Ensuring on time quarterly performance review and annual audit.

Based on the Ethiopian Environmental legislation the program might not require full ESIA and all

activities under the program should avoid sensitive areas and take steps to ensure that projects stay

within Schedule II of national environmental assessment category or world bank environmental

assessment category “category BI3” (It must be noted that any projects or activities that will be

categorized as Category ‘A’ will not be financed by the ELEAP). Besides, every potential project that

will be funded under this program is subject for environmental and social management screening to

confirm the anticipated adverse impacts are small in scale and possible to manage with best practice

methods

The environmental and social management screening process will be affected on potential activities

under the ELEAP. The dedicated Environmental and Social and Health and Safety (EHS) specialists at

2 Any subproject that would be considered as category ‘A’ with adverse significant impacts, and irreversible nature will not be

financed from the proceeds of ELEAP.

3 “Category B” meaning that their potential adverse environmental impacts on human populations or environmentally important

areas – including wetlands, forests, grasslands, and other natural habitats – are limited, site-specific, few if any of the impacts

are irreversible, and they can be mitigated easily



27

national and regional EEU offices with regular support from regional energy and environment bureaus

are responsible to conduct environmental and social management screening before the commencement

of the program construction activities. The EHS specialists will use the environmental and social

screening form annexed in this ESMSG (Annex 1).

Based on the consultations with relevant stakeholders and review of the Program ESSA and appraisal

document and other national and EEU policies and guidelines, the following key steps and procedures

were identified during the environmental and social screening process (Figure 5). The section below

describes the steps for environmental and social screening process (the screening process) leading

towards the environmental and social management review and approval of activities under the proposed

Program.

5.3.2 Procedures and Steps

To ensure that the anticipated adverse impacts are small in scale and managed with best practice

methods, every potential activity under the proposed program will require environmental screening.

The dedicated Environmental and Social and Health and Safety (EHS) specialists at national and

regional EEU offices with regular support from regional energy and environment bureaus are

responsible to conduct environmental and social management screening before the commencement of

the program construction activities. The EHS specialists will use the environmental and social screening

form (Annex 1).

Based on the consultations with relevant stakeholders and review of the Program ESSA and appraisal

document and other national and EEU policies and guidelines, the following key steps and procedures

were identified and will be employed during environmental and social screening process (Figure 5).

Step One: Project preparation and Consultation

During planning and preparation of all projects under the Program, the implementing institution is

required to ensure that environmental, social and safety risks and impacts of the program are small scale,

could be mitigated, and/or minimized through implementations of sound mitigation measures. Before

the commencement of any project activity under the program, EEU EHS specialists are responsible to:

a) Review ESMSG and RSG requirements and implement measures stated in the ESMSG.

b) Obtain copies of all relevant federal and regional laws, guidelines, and procedures relating to

environmental protection, safety risks, resettlement issues and social and labor issues.

c) Ensure there is good knowledge of ESMSG requirements at different levels.

d) Contact the Regional Environmental and Forest Authority (REFA):

• Provide them with a copy of this ESMSG and the RSG document; and

• Inform the REFA that projects under the program will be screened and categorized as

being Schedule 2 or 3 in terms of federal and regional environmental legislation.

e) Identify potential environmental, social, and safety impacts in general and the respective

mitigation measures.

f) Identify interested and affected communities4, NGOs, etc., and consult them of the proposed

activities and its potential impacts.

4 Individuals or groups concerned with or affected by an activity and its consequences. These include local

communities, work force, customers, or consumers, environmental interested groups and the general public.



28

The screening and assessment of environmental and social impacts, as required is carry out by EEU’s

EHS specialists (Figure 4).

Figure 3: ELEAP E&S screening and management activity and responsibilities flowchart

Step Two: Desk appraisal

Prior to going to the project sites, a desk appraisal of the Program activity will be carried out by EEU-

EHS staffs to collect information on the environmental, social safeguards and safety issues to plan

screening activities accordingly and identify the potential impacts and recommend the respective

mitigation measures and for identification of impacts. Information on anticipated impacts and the

respective mitigation measures will be used by implementing institutions to obtain an overview of

potential environmental and social impacts that could be generated due to the implementations of each

subproject.

Step Three: Safeguards screening

Screening is the processes of determining whether or not a project requires ESIA, PESIA, ESMP, SMP,

ARAP/RAP or other instruments and the level at which the assessment should occur. The EEU-EHS

staffs at all levels are responsible for screening and initiate the process by submitting the screening form

contained in ESMG-Annex 1. This ESMSG Screening Report will describe,

a) The proposed activities and their potential impacts

b) Characteristics of the location (sensitivity of the area)

c) Size (small, medium and large scale)

d) Degree of public interest

ETHIOPIA ELECTRIFICATION PROGRAM (ELEAP)

Environment and social management instrument Preparation: EEU

–EHS staffs at National and regional level offices

National Regional District/Woreda Implementation level

EEU-EHS staffs with the support from MoWIE, REFA Desk appraisal and

Screening for Safeguards

Beneficiary Community members

On grid or Off grid Project Components

Environment and social

management instruments

Preparation, as required

Review/clearance/approval:

REFA

Review/clearance/approval:

MoWIE Environment and social

management instruments

review and clearance/approval



29

e) Institutional requirement, environmental enhancement and monitoring considerations,

The outcome of screening will be that each project is categorized as being a Schedule 1, 2 or 3:

a) Schedule 1 projects are fed into the standard ESIA process determined by MoEFCC/REFA;

b) Schedule 2 projects will not require full ESIA, but will necessitate the inclusion of

environmental and social mitigation and enhancement measures that includes preparation of

either PESIA or ESMP in the design and implementation of projects using standard

construction contract clauses, and an environmental management plan; and

c) Schedule 3 projects are not subject to any further environmental assessment as no potential

impacts are anticipated; but will still apply the environmental clauses as part of the

construction contract agreement.

As stated above, the Regional EEU-EHS staffs undertake environmental and social screening for each

project activities under the program to ascertain that the likely social and environmental impacts are

identified. This screening will be carried out by using the Environmental and Social Screening Form

(see ESMSG Annex 1). Completion of the screening form will facilitate the identification of potential

environmental and social impacts, determination of their significance, assignment of the appropriate

environmental category, proposal of appropriate environmental mitigation measures, and conduct any

further environmental assessment work, if necessary.

The assignment of the appropriate environmental category for the project under the program will be

based on the information provided in the environmental and social screening form (see ESMSG annex

1) and reference to national environmental procedural guideline. Consistent with the ESMSG, the

activities of the proposed projects are likely to be categorized as “Schedule 2”, meaning that their

potential adverse environmental impacts on human populations or environmentally important areas –

including wetlands, forests, grasslands, and other natural habitats – are limited, site-specific, few if any

of the impacts are irreversible, and they can be mitigated easily.

Given the scale and nature of the project, some of the project activities may be categorized as “Schedule

3” if the environmental and social screening results indicate that such activities will have no or limited

environmental and social impacts. Therefore, apart from screening, those projects do not require

additional environmental safeguards instrument preparation. That means, if the screening form has only

“No” entries, the proposed activity will not require further environmental assessment work, and the

project will be approved for the implementation.

Step Four: Submission of screening report to MoWIE or REFA

After thorough screening of the program activities, EEU will require to submit the screening result

reports to the MoWIE or REFA for review with a recommendation of environmental assessment

category and request for approval.

Step Five: Review of screening report and appraisal by MoWIE or REFA

The MoWIE or REFA will review the screening reports comprises of screening results and

recommendations to provide feedbacks on the specific screening endeavors and broader issues of

screening and the environmental and social safeguard instruments. The review process will take into

account that the proposed subproject activities may not necessarily need a full scale ESIA since the

Proposed Program is under category B/Schedule II.

After Review the Screening Report MoWIE/REFA will:

(a) Accept the document - with conditions relating to implementation;

(b) Accept the documents with required and/or recommended amendments; or

(c) Reject the document with comments as to what is required to submit an acceptable Screening

Report.



30

As necessary, after review of the screening, a field appraisal mission may require by MoWIE/REFA to

the location of the program activity to obtain additional information before the program activity be

considered for approval. If the desk appraisal and screening indicate that the proposed program activity

may have environmental and/or social concerns that are not adequately addressed, or if the application

meets certain criteria, the MoWIE/REFA will require a field appraisal before the application can be

considered further. Therefore, if the screening process resulted in project to fall under schedule 2

projects it will be subject to a limited Environmental and Social Review carried out by the EEU- EHS

staffs. The review will require:

• A field visit to the project area to identify likely environmental and social impacts;

• Brief consultation with beneficiaries and affected communities;

• Preparation of partial ESIA or an Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP), as

required;

• Use of the ESMSG environmental contract clauses and impact mitigation checklists: Example

of Environmental Contract Clauses (see Annex 4) and Environmental and Social Impact

Mitigation and Monitoring Checklists (Annex 7); and

• Preparation of, if necessary, SMP, A/RAP and other safeguards instruments.

MoWIE/REFA will provide decision on the screening reports (with required and/or recommended

amendments), as stated above, without requiring field appraisal mission or reject the document with

comments as to what is required to submit an acceptable document.

Depending on the field appraisal mission, the appraisal might reconsider the need for of changing of the

environmental assessment category and development program activity specific ESMP, SMP, A/RAP,

or other safeguards instruments. EEU-EHS staffs at all levels are responsible to ensure the required

environmental, social and safety management instruments are prepared as per the national requirements.

The ESMP and other instruments like, SMP, A/RAP can be conducted by a team of experts from EEU-

EHS unit or by a consultant, as necessary. EEU at all levels will supervise environmental, social and

safety management implementation work. Once the required instruments are prepared, EEU will make

recommendations to MoWIE/REFA for final clearance and approval.

Step Six: Approval of projects by MoWIE, REFA

The first step in the approval process is to determine if all the relevant information has been provided,

and is adequate. The MoWIE at national level and REFA at regional local level will check if the

screening report have thoroughly considered all environmental, social and safety issues with regards to

the identification of potential adverse effects arising from the program as well as recommended

mitigation measures to adequately address negative impacts.

Program activities may not be eligible for funding, if they have a potential to generate negative impact

on physical cultural resources, natural habitats and forests and require land acquisition. A list of such

projects that may not be funded by the program are described in program exclusion list (Annex2).

The screening of the project might result in a request for development of specific Environmental and

Social Management Plan, SMP, A/RAP, associated with the program activities. MoWIE /REFA will

review the ESMP, SMP, A/RAP and make decision of the approval of the program activity (with or

without conditions relating to implementation); recommending to re-design (with required and/or

recommended amendments); or rejecting the project activity (with comments as to what is required to

submit as an acceptable report).

Steps Seven: Submission of approval decision report to EEU

All review of the screening report and additional instruments (ESMP, SMP, A/RAP, etc.), if applicable,

should be done in the given shortest time to avoid delays in program activity implementation. The result

of the review and final approval will be submitted to EEU from REFA/MoWIE as soon as completed.

The Review report to EEU should include but not limited to:-



31

• The decision on each program activity whether an ESMP and other instruments are required or

not;

• If an ESMP and other instruments are being required, the recommended scope of the ESMP and

other instruments are clearly indicating the aspects to be seriously addressed, the skills required

and duration of the ESMP and other documents to be finalized;

• If an ESMP and other instruments are not required, include guidance on special needs such as

technical guidelines on any of the program activities; and

• Approval without conditions for those program activities with no potential adverse impacts.

Steps Eight: Implementation

Once approval obtained from MoWIE/REFA, EEU will act on the decisions and requirements provided

by the MoWIE/REFA and commence the implementation of the program’s construction activities.

Steps Nine: Supervision and Monitoring

The EEU, MoWIE, REFA will carry out supervision and monitoring, in consultation and support from

the World Bank.

Steps Ten: Annual EHS auditing and quarterly EHS performance review

The annual EHS auditing and quarterly EHS performance review is the responsibility of EEU, to be

audited by an independent auditor and submitted to MoWIE

Figure 4: Project Screening Implementation cycle under the ELEAP



32

6. GRIVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM

A Grievance is furiousness or bad feelings coming from a feeling of having been neglected. In case of

Program activities/subprojects involving land acquisition and involuntary resettlement, the grievance

procedure and appeal mechanism are an important aspect related to resettlement/ rehabilitation of the

PAPs because there may be individuals who are not satisfied with their compensation package or the

resettlement process, or who may feel that they were eligible for compensation. It is essential to settle

these issues as early as possible in order that the resettlement process is on the right track and it is

therefore, necessary to set up systems to address such grievances.

Grievance mechanisms provide a formal avenue for affected groups or stakeholders to engage with the

Program implementers or owners on issues of concern or unaddressed impacts. Grievances are any

complaints or suggestions about the way ELEAP activities/ subprojects are being implemented. They

may take the form of specific complaints for damages/injury, concerns about routine project activities,

or perceived incidents or impacts. Identifying and responding to complaints supports the development

of positive relationships between ELEAP implementers and affected groups/communities, and other

stakeholders.

The Ethiopian Government outlined standard requirements for complaints handling mechanisms for

development initiatives5. Grievance mechanisms should receive and facilitate resolution of the affected

communities’ concerns and complaints. The concerns should be addressed promptly using an

understandable and transparent process that is culturally appropriate and readily acceptable to all

segments of affected communities, at no cost and without retribution. Mechanisms should be appropriate

to the scale of impacts and risks presented by Program activities.

While ELEAP subprojects may have limited potential adverse impacts to people and the environment

in general, identifying complaints and ensuring timely resolution is still very necessary. Over the ELEAP

implementation period, beneficiaries may have complaints related to the program implementation

activities.

ELEAP On-Grid: based on EEU’s complain handling procedure, customers submit their complaints on

the spot at district level for customer services focal person/ Environmental and Social Inspector (ESI),

using call centers and at the regional grievance offices. Public forum is also used as one mechanism to

share complaints. The GRM procedure is distributed to regional grievance unit; EEU district offices

have customer policies and procedures manual that includes complaint handling section. There is also a

general guide on compensations (for damages sustained due to power fluctuation), and Public Liability

Insurance Policy in cases of accident and damage of materials on customers due to electricity problem.

There is however, gap in application of written procedures and responsiveness, gaps in awareness among

customers on GRM procedures as well as requirements for compensations, limited number of staff and

the nature of some challenges faced which are beyond the district or regional offices. The third person

liability procedure/compensation procedure lacks updates and detail guidance. The existing GRM and

related guidelines are updated considering the current conditions and applicability. Staff trainings and

community awareness is also vital.

5 National Proclamations (No. 433/2005 and 434/2005) and institutional level operational guidelines clearly define

the procedures to follow under corruption offences as well as for administrative complaints.



33

ELEAP Off-Grid: EEU has limited experience with off-grid activities (only some with mini-grids) and

consequently there is the lack of written procedure or staff trainings to manage grievance in a systematic

way, which needs to be tackled to adequately respond to grievances that may come from the

implementation of off-grid activities

An attempt has been made during the ESSA, to identify all potential impacts of the ELEAP, to address

and mitigate potential impacts, and to carry out a mechanism to implement these mitigation measures

(including payment of compensation).

However, during the Program implementation, stakeholders (mostly the communities in the vicinity of

the Program activities sites/ distribution, transmission line routes) may still have some grievances with

respect to the Program activities, their impacts, compensation and other resettlement operations. The

main potential reasons of these grievances could be:

➢ PAPs not enlisted as per the defined eligibility criteria,

➢ Losses (such as damaged crops, trees or other assets) not identified correctly,

➢ Compensation inadequacy or inappropriateness,

➢ Dispute about ownership,

➢ Delay in disbursement of compensation,

➢ Improper distribution of compensation in case of joint ownership

➢ Any other issue arising during the subprojects implementation.

In order to address the above eventualities, the Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) is devised. The

main objective of the GRM is be to provide a mechanism to mediate conflict and cut down on lengthy

litigation, which could delay the infrastructure subprojects of ELEAP. It aims at reassuring people who

might have objections or concerns about their assistance, provide a public forum to raise objections and

conflict resolution, and all in all address these issues adequately. The main functions of the GRM are as

follows:

▪ Provide a mechanism to the PAPs on problems arising as a result of Program activities,

▪ Record the grievance of the PAPs, categorize and prioritize the grievances that need to be

resolved, and

▪ Report to the aggrieved parties about the developments regarding their grievances and the

decision of the authorities in charge of providing the decisions.

6.1 ElEAP Grievance Redress Procedure

I. First Instance (Program Implementation Section)

A. Under ELEAP GRM, the Environmental and Social Inspector (ESI) will maintain the Social

Complaint Register (SCR) at the sites to document all complaints received from the local

communities. The information recorded in the register will include date of the complaint, details

of the complainant, description of the grievance, actions to be taken, the person responsible to

take the action, follow up requirements and the target date for the implementation of the

mitigation measure. The register will also record the actual measures taken to mitigate these

concerns.

B. As soon as a complaint is received, the ESI will discuss it with the Environment Health and

Safety (EHS) team, and determine the remedial action. If required, consultations will also be

undertaken with the Contractor’s Site Managers (CSM). Once the remedial action is decided,

implementation responsibility as well as schedule will be determined.

C. The proposed remedial action will be documented in the SCR, with complete details (by whom

and when). The proposed remedial action will be shared with the complainant. Similarly, the



34

actual action taken will also be documented in the Register and shared with the complainant.

The complainant’s views on the remedial action taken will also be documented in the Register.

D. The SCR will be reviewed during the fortnightly meetings at the site during the Program; and

the action items discussed. The progress on the remedial actions will also be reviewed during

the meetings.

E. The Register will also be shared with the CSM and ESI at site, on regular basis, for information

and further action, if any.

II. Second Instance (Grievance Redress Committee)

A GRM committee will be established at all Program implementation Woredas to receive, review and

address complaints in line with loss of livelihood, income or assets, dissatisfaction of the services, etc.;

for cases that cannot be managed through first instance grievance redressing mechanism.

In order to address any unresolved grievances at a higher level of the Program, a Grievance Redress

Committee (GRC) will be constituted. The Committee will be headed by the Woreda Administrator,

with Woreda justice office; EEU representative, representative of PAPs, representatives from elders/

religious leaders and other members. A non-project person acceptable to all parties can also be member

of this Committee. Any un-resolved issue will be sent to the Committee for determining the remedial

action.

III. Appeal to Court

Whenever misunderstandings and disputes arise between the principal parties (e.g. EEU or other ELEAP

Implementing Bodies and PAPs) involved in the resettlement and compensation process, the preferred

means of settling disputes is through arbitration (Proclamation No. 455/2005). The number and

composition of the arbitration tribunal may be determined by the concerned parties.

Although Proclamation No. 455/2005 provides for appeals from the valuation decision, such action will

not delay the transfer of possession of land to the intended recipient.

Courts of law shall be considered as a last resort option, which in principle should only be used where

first and second Grievance Redressing Mechanisms have failed to settle the grievance/dispute. However,

the Constitution allows any aggrieved person the right of access to a court of law.

The ELEAP GRM’s roles, responsibilities, implementation mechanism, and timeframe is discussed in

the following table 4.



35

Table 4: ELEAP GRM’s roles, responsibilities, implementation mechanism, and timeframe

Stage/Description Action Action By When Monitoring

By

Notes

Mobilization at

site

Placement of Social Complaint Register (SCR) at the

site office

EHS Team At the time of

site

mobilization.

ESI The SCR will have separate columns for: i) date

of complaint; ii) description of complaint; iii)

particulars of complainant; iv) details of action

required/decided; v) person(s) responsible to take

action; vi) person(s) responsible to monitor the

action; vii) details of action taken (when, by

whom, where); viii) comments of the

complainant after the action taken.

A separate SCR will be placed at each grid station

included in the proposed project, and any other

project site offices.

Complaint raised

by

complainant

The complaint is recorded in the SCR.

EHS Team - ESI The relevant columns of the SCR are filled.

Identification of

remedial action

A meeting is held between EHS Team and ESI, and if

required with PM and Site In charge.

The remedial action is identified.

The CSM and EHS are informed regarding the

grievance and the remedial action identified.

ESI Within 2 days

of the new

complaint.

ESC The relevant columns of the SCR are filled.

Implementation

of

remedial action

The remedial action is implemented Contractors or

PIU, depending

upon the nature

of the remedial

measure

4 weeks

(max.)

ESI The relevant columns of the SCR are filled.

Feed back to the

complainant

Information is provided to the complainant regarding

the remedial action taken.

The comments/observations of the complainant are

obtained and documented.

EHS Team Within 1

week of the

action taken.

ESI The relevant columns of the SCR are filled.

Fortnightly site

meetings

The SCR will be discussed. ESI Fortnightly. PM The discussion will be documented in the minutes

of meeting.



36

Stage/Description Action Action By When Monitoring

By

Notes

On monthly basis The summary of SCR will be sent to CSM and ESC. ESI Monthly. PM -

Un-resolved

complaint sent to

Grievance

Redress

Committee

(GRC)

The GRC will identify the remedial action. CSM Within one

month.

Woreda

Administrator

ESI will send the complaint to the GRC after one

month of receiving the complaint, if remains

unresolved.

Appeal to Court Complainant will take the case to formal court



37

6.2 Key Considerations for ELEAP GRM Procedure

Disclosure of the GRM: The existence and conditions of access to this register (how, where, when) shall be

widely disseminated within the Program implementation areas as part of the consultation undertaken for the

investment subprojects projects.

Expectation When Grievances Arise: When PAPs present a grievance, they expect to be heard and taken

seriously. Therefore, EEU and other Program stakeholders such as the consulting and contracting engineers

involved in the Program must provide adequate information to people that they can voice grievances and

work to resolve without fear of retaliation or some sort of social retribution.

Grievance Submission Method: A complainant has the option to lodge his/her complaint to Environmental

and Social Inspector (ESI) at EEU-EHS Office or GRC, at their vicinity with their convenient method of

communication (verbal/ face to face, written, telephone, etc.)

Registration of Grievances: as long as one of the ELEAP subprojects entails resettlement and/or

compensation, complaints will be transcribed, recorded in a log, examined; investigated and remedial actions

will be taken to settle. Any grievance that may arise from the resettlement operation will be filed in the first

instance settlement procedure.

Management of Reported Grievances: The procedure for managing grievances should be as follows:

a. The affected person files his/ her grievance, relating to any issue associated with the resettlement

process or compensation, in writing or phone to the Program Grievance Redress mechanism (ESI)/

EEU Office (Phone numbers will be provided by the EEU officers). Where it is written, the grievance

note should be signed and dated by the aggrieved person. And where it is phone, the receiver should

document every detail.

b. ESI will act as the Program Liaison with PAPs to ensure objectivity in the grievance process.

c. Where the affected person is unable to write, the local Liaison Officer will write the note on the

aggrieved person’s behalf.

d. Any informal grievances will also be documented

Grievance Log and Response Time: The process of grievance redress will start with registration of the

grievance/s to be addressed, for reference purposes and to enable progress updates of the cases. Thus, a

Grievance Form/ Register will be filed with ESI of the Program. The Form/Register should contain a record

of the person responsible for an individual complaint, and records of date for the complaint reported; date

the Grievance Logged; date information on proposed corrective action sent to complainant (if appropriate),

the date the complaint was closed out and the date response was sent to complainant.

The Program Liaison officer/ ESI working with the Kebele/Woreda Administrator will record all grievances

and ensure that each complaint has an individual reference number, and is appropriately tracked and recorded

actions are completed.

The response time will depend on the issue to be addressed but it should be addressed with efficiency.

Grievances Reporting Mechanism: The EEU EHS/ ESI will be responsible for compiling submitted and

processed complaints/ grievances on regular basis and report to PIU and other relevant stakeholders as per

agreed plan.



38

Figure 5: ESMS Grievance and Complaint Management Mechanism

7. ELEAP ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL BENEFITS AND IMPACT

Given the nature and scale of the proposed program activities, the negative impacts that could be emanated

that affect the nearby biophysical and social environment are expected to be minimal. Unlike the negative

impacts, the program would also generate a tremendous benefit to the community residing nearby. However,

poor planning and implementation of the proposed energy program could also affect the biophysical and

social environment.

The potential adverse environmental, social and safety risks and impacts of the Program are associated with

program activities, including construction and rehabilitation of medium and low-voltage distribution lines

Registration of the grievance or dispute by ELEAP Activities

Internal assessment of the nature of the grievance or dispute

Decision as to method of addressing the grievance or dispute

Complaint resolved amicably

[First Instance]

Yes

Final closure

No

Resort to GRC

Result of GRC

Grievance processed by GRC

Complaint resolved No

Yes

Final closure

Final closure One or both parties resort to

Courts of Law



39

and installation of MV-LV transformers, construction of hybrid mini grids, and disposal and replacement of

spent lead-acid batteries from solar home systems. Whereas, the potential adverse social impacts are likely

to be associated with land acquisition for mini grid and acquisition of way leaves (rights of way) for LV

distribution lines.

Overall, the anticipated impacts are expected to be minimum and most of them may stem from ground

disturbance due to vegetation clearance and excavation/digging for pole erection; masonry activities to

reinforce the electric pole; onsite concrete mixing; transportation and distribution of solar panels; installation

of equipment; and waste management within and around the core activities area. These are also not

anticipated to be of large scale but could affect individual project-affected persons (PAPs) that lose assets

including structures, crops and trees, and the use of portions of their land. It is anticipated that most of the

adverse effects, associated with the construction and operation will be reversible in nature and there are no

impacts that will lead to irreversible negative permanent change.

The ESMSG identifies the key measures to be taken for improved environmental and social due diligence

in the Program and is intended to help the Government and implementing agencies in overcoming gaps with

regards to environment, social, and safety aspects of the program and improvements of the implementing

agencies system on safeguards managements. This section describes the potential environmental, social and

safety benefits and impacts that could be generated from the implementation of the ELEAP and outlines the

measures that may be implemented to address potential impacts.

7.1 Positive Environmental and Social Impacts of ELEAP

The proposed Program activity is expected to be implemented in an environmental friendly and socially

acceptable manner that attributed by provision of benefits to the community members who are residing

within and nearby the project area and other beneficiaries of the proposed Program and to the nation in

general. An increased distribution of electricity to the project area will minimize the pressure on the use of

fuel wood that is rampant in the area and is ultimately would help to conserve the fragile and diminishing

forest cover of the country by providing an alternative source of energy. This section is a detailed outline of

the potential environmental and social benefits that generated from the implementation of the proposed

ELEAP. The Program’s environmental and social Benefits are substantial and long-term and are summarized

in the below table 5.

Table 5: Environmental and Social Benefits of ELEAP

Benefits Description

Benefits from Provision

of on-grid electricity

• Reduction in use of diesel or gasoline-powered generators and other

equipment such as grain mills, pumps, leading to reduced emissions

of air pollutants, greenhouse gases (GHG), and noise

• Reduction in consumption of kerosene for lighting and other uses,

resulting in improved indoor air quality

• Reduction in use of animal dung and/or crop residue for cooking and

space heating, which usually serve as fertilizer in rural area.

Benefits from power

generation using • Reduce deforestation and forest degradation in areas where non-

renewable biomass is used as a source of fuel, which implies that the

demand for firewood and charcoal is reduced.



40


renewable energy

sources:

• Reduction in use of diesel or gasoline-powered generators and other

equipment such as grain mills, pumps, leading to reduced emissions

of air pollutants, greenhouse gases (GHG), and noise

• Increase in generation capacity with avoided GHG emissions

• Public goods benefits, such as increased security and lower

environmental contamination.

• Reduction in capital, operation and maintenance cost of diesel powered

generation plant

• Contribute to the Climate Resilient Green Economy (CREG) initiative

Benefits from provision

of electricity to

households:

• Improve to access to grid electricity whose tariff is relatively cheaper than

other sources

• Business activity at home like: food catering, tailoring, game zone, etc.

would be established and therefore these activities will augment

household income

• Creates extra time for household to discuss about family chorus

• Reduction in indoor air pollution from kerosene and other sources of

energy that are accountable to lung and respiratory diseases especially for

women and their children who cling upon their shoulder

• Provide better illumination than other sources

• Since household electricity penetration rate is one of the Human

Development Indices (HDI), it will support the Ethiopian government

strategy of poverty reduction,

• Connect the household with the outside world

• Used for refrigeration, cooking stoves, entertainment, mobile charging

and communication, lighting for students to study and have family quality

time.

• Vulnerable groups and underserved people in pastoral and remote

communities will also benefit from access to off-grid electricity services

such as stand-alone solar systems and mini grids.

Benefits to business: • Business opportunities will be created for women and men in the local

community with higher productivity and longer working hours

• transform their products and services of existing businesses

Benefits employment

opportunities: • Temporary employment opportunity will be created for skilled and

unskilled labor during construction and operation.



41


• Hold a workforce that can be employed in the construction works of the

distribution line and mini grid related activities.

• Community in the project area and its immediate surroundings will drive

income and employment opportunities for themselves and their families

Improvement in social

facility services (schools,

health facilities, and

government offices):

• Ensuring efficient provision of education services at day and night

classes.

• Night school will be opened, so that drop outs will continue their

education

• Encourage students to continue their education in the nearby schools.

• Efficient and quality health services through sustainable sterilization of

medical appliances, refrigeration of vaccines and other medicines, cold

storages/ preservation of medicines and medical laboratory tests.

• Better health care translated into safer deliveries, better care for children,

and other community members.

Reduce Women’s

Burden:

• Easing the burden of women.

• Facilitate the setting up of grain mills in the vicinities, promoting the use

of improved technology for the preparation of food using electric stoves,

the initiation and development of motorized water pumps, etc.

• Reduce the time for collection of fire wood and animal dung for cooking

and space heating

• Enable communication and interaction of women in the project area using

mobile phone service.

7.2 Adverse Environmental and Social Impacts

7.2.1 Negative Environmental Impacts

Due to the construction and operational activities of the proposed programs, limited negative environmental

and social impacts are anticipated to affect the nearby biophysical and social environment. However,

considering the nature and limited scale of the Program activities, potential negative impacts will be

mitigated and/or avoided through implementation of appropriate best management practices. The following

adverse impacts are foreseen to occur during construction, and operational phase of the program.

Impacts from MV and LV Power line construction, and rehabilitation activities

Construction of Access Roads: The construction of access roads can affect the environment through

vegetation clearance, compaction of land, dust pollution and impact on natural habitats. To avoid/minimize

the anticipated impacts, temporary access roads shall be rehabilitated and existing roads/trails are used for

access, the impact is not expected to be significant.



42

Construction of Right of Way (ROW): Possible interference with or fragmenting of land uses along the

ROW will be the causes for opening of remote lands to human activities such as settlement, agriculture and

vegetation. These effects can be significant if natural habitats such as wetlands and national parks are

affected. To offset the impacts from ROW construction, the Employer/Contractor shall identify well-

established routes corridors with minimum impacts that help for transport of goods and ensure the

cumulative effects from the program are not to be significant.

Construction of LV Distribution Line Pole: Clearing of vegetation, site compaction has the potential to

change land use patterns. However, the area required for each pole erection for the distribution line is not

expected to have a major adverse impact on land use patterns. As the construction activities limited in the

existing site, no or minimum impacts are expected. Efforts will be made during the construction activities

of the distribution line to ensure that the paths are routed in areas with no/minimal vegetation area and

natural habitats as possible to avoid land acquisition.

Loss and Destruction of Vegetation cover/crop and Habitat: Although the line is focused on the exiting

path, the anticipated distribution lines, particularly in rural areas are mostly covered by agricultural land.

Activities like excavation and digging works may affect the vegetation and will involve clearing and loss of

existing vegetation cover and disturbance of top soil that promotes of soil erosion. The anticipated impacts

could be managed by avoiding and/or minimizing cutting of big trees, particularly care should be given for

indigenous trees, plan for replanting of trees; careful attention shall be given to threatened tree species, avoid

open burning of plant material and string conductors under tension to minimize potential damage to

remaining ground vegetation.

In addition, Activities like excavation and digging works particularly for reinforcing of distribution line,

clearing of way leave for distribution lines that cannot be located in the road reserve, pole erection,

installation of MV-LV transformers, hybrid mini-grid and Solar Home System equipment establishment, will

involve the followings impacts

• clearing and loss of existing vegetation cover which may contribute for loss of plant cover and

biodiversity;

• disturbance of top soil that promotes of soil erosion;

• plant material removed from site causes GHG emissions and air pollution if burned; and

In order to minimize and/or avoid the negative impacts, the Employers, Contractors, implementing bodies

and beneficiaries shall implement the followings measures:

• Avoid and/or minimize cutting of big trees, particularly care should be given for indigenous trees,

plan for replanting of trees, etc.

• Careful attention shall be given to threatened tree species, avoid open burning of plant material.

• Any impact on clearing of ground and tree crops is expected to unavoidable and the crops destroyed

will be compensated in accordance with the national law before any construction works commence.

The compensation and resettlement process will be prepared and clearly discuss in a RAP/ARAP

that will be used as an instrument to address such impacts.

• As per the national standards, limit the ROW at the recommended width for both 33 kV and 15 kV.

However, the undergrowth in the ROW should be allowed while only leaving a narrow strip to be

completely cleared to allow stringing of the line conductors.

• Strictly define ROW clearing activities in the contract specifications and in the Environmental and

Social Management Plan (ESMP) (guideline for the preparation of ESMP is stated in Annex 3).

• String conductors under tension to minimize potential damage to remaining ground vegetation.

Air quality: Open burring of vegetation and other wastes would contribute a potential impact on the Air

Quality, which ultimately pollute the air resulting in increases in bronchial and eye disorders. Dust and



43

exhaust emissions from construction activity with multiple crews operating off and on road equipment. The

impacts can be reduced if all program activities are implemented in an environmental friendly with best

management practices, considering watering of the road regularly, regular vehicle maintenance, etc.

Community members and contractor’s staff shall be advised and enforced to avoid such open burning that

result smoking and pollution of air.

Aesthetics and visual related impacts- visual intrusion on the landscape

The construction of distribution lines could impose a visual impact on the immediate surrounding area and

affect the aesthetic quality of the community residing nearby although the impact is expected to be minimal.

In addition, hybrid mini-grid and Panel installation and excavation of soil for pole erection could result in

minor change of the land aesthetics of the project areas. This may also affect the visual amenity of nearby

houses and surrounding communities. To minimize interruption of visual quality, solar panels should be

placed at the right direction (north –south) and with no reflection of light that affect the neighbors’ visual

quality. In all activities within the core area, indiscriminate disposal of excavated soils, unused concrete,

wooden timber, cables, electric equipment, empty oilcans, nails, and liquid wastes should be managed and

disposed of in appropriate way to ensure safe and acceptable aesthetic beauty to the workers and residents.

Water Resources

The contractor should follow the design to keep the construction activities to areas of lower elevation as

much as possible, in order to minimize the potential erosion impacts associated with the proposed

distribution lines. The contractor and Employer shall also develop a program of afforestation/tree planting

and water and soil conservation activities, as required, in areas where erosion is aggravated due to activities

associated with the program.

Storage and Management of solid waste

Waste management at the core project area shall be efficient and required to be implemented in an

environmentally friendly manner. Indiscriminate disposal and/or storage of solid and liquid wastes including

recycled batteries, used/burned transformers, other used and/or damaged solar panels, packages, and left-

over construction materials and cements, have the potential to generate an adverse impact on the nearby

environment and health and safety of the workers, local community and the beneficiaries. Solid waste

materials during the construction could include paper wrapping, scrap metal, excavated soils, polythene,

plastic and metal will cause pollution and littering of the immediate and localized environment.

This should be addressed promptly and wisely, through best practice methods for waste management and

disposal in and around the program site and these are:

• Conduct regular awareness creation and sensitization program for the proponent and community

reside in the area about the potential negative impacts, health and safety risks, and proper waste

management practices.

• Segregate and store properly with no impacts to be generated from the storage area.

• Final domestic and/or other nonhazardous wastes, after proper segregation, should be disposed of

safely at the designated waste disposal site.

• Contractors (when applicable) should engage a refuse handling company to remove the wastes from

the site to the recommended dumping site.

• Contractors (when applicable) should erect warning signs against littering and dumping sites within

the construction site.

• Excavated top soil should be used as backfill by the contractor.



44

• Contractors (when applicable) develop a waste management plan in line with the national policies,

standards and guidelines as well as international standards, including World Bank/IFC

Environmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) Guidelines GENERAL EHS GUIDELINES:

ENVIRONMENTAL WASTE MANAGEMENT6.

Risks from poor maintenance of solar home systems: battery replacement

The lack of technical staff to maintain solar home systems is one the existing problem highlighted during

the field visit that ultimately resulted significant impacts on the surrounding community health and natural

resources. Improper disposal of leftover materials leads to potential water pollution and health risk. Informal

battery recycling, by burning battery cases to extract lead causes air pollution and serious health risk for

those involved in the practice or living in the vicinity. Therefore, the program shall provide:

• Appropriate training for local technical persons, beneficiaries and other parties engaged in the solar

home system.

• Develop a waste management plan to ensure safe disposal of battery and other hazardous wastes.

• Develop the safeguards instruments as per the national standards and international policies and

standards, including WB/IFC procedure and guidelines Environmental, Health, and Safety (EHS)

Guidelines General EHS Guidelines: Environmental Hazardous Materials Management7 and enforce

the implementation of the standards and guidelines for sound management and disposal of used solar

batteries

• The program shall expedite and provide the required support for the preparation of the

national Policy framework on used battery disposal and/or recycling that will be prepared by WB

financed-ENREP AF project under DBE and adopt and implement the implementation of this

framework to ensure best disposal and recycling management practices over the project period.

Fugitive Dust and Noise

Noise resulting from access road and distribution line construction may disturb neighboring communities

and local fauna. This impact will be of a temporary nature and can be minimized by adopting appropriate

mitigation measures including maintaining equipment and vehicles to manufacturers’ standards and limiting

operating times to daylight hours.

Dust will be an issue during the construction of access roads and clearing of vegetation along the ROW,

especially since it is recommended that construction take place during the dry season. However, as most

construction activities will be undertaken remote from residential areas, the impact is not expected to be

major.

Fugitive dust will be localized and experienced only in the specific areas where the construction of access

roads, excavation for installation of substation, earth working for solar mini grid and may be emitted from

activities e.g., excavations and stockpiles of materials, machinery and truck traffic during the construction

phase. This could cause health related impacts to the communities around and workers in the program site.

Dust impacts from vehicular movement on gravel roads could lead to dust pollution in some areas during

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45

dry conditions. This impact would be of a short duration during the construction phase. Dust pollution could

also take place during maintenance and inspection of the power lines. This impact will be localized and of

a short duration, and is anticipated to be low significance. Therefore, to minimize and/avoid the anticipated

impacts the contractor shall consider and implement the followings:

• The dirt roads and exposed construction areas should be moisturized during the dry season to prevent

or minimize the fugitive dust emissions.

• Proper location of material stockpiles, especially sand and soil downwind from the commercial,

residential, and other establishments will be required.

• Frequent wetting of the stockpile and working area.

• Screening of or providing wind breaks for stockpiles.

• Workers in the program site must be equipped with the necessary and required Personal Protective

Equipment (PPE) prescribed by the construction industry to mitigate dust impacts.

• Routing of the lines should preferably not be in close proximity to residential dwellings.

• The construction schedule should be communicated with potentially affected parties.

• Construction timeframes should be discussed with property owners.

• Dust-suppression techniques should be used along gravel roads, when required.

Chemical impact

The potential emissions associated with solar energy could be GHG emissions, mercury and cadmium

emissions. These elements are used in making solar components. However, there is no evidence that these

elements are released from solar panels, except during disposal. Therefore, care should be taken during

disposal of solar panel and other related accessories. The proponent shall design best practice method to

implement the disposal practice in consultation with the relevant institutions and ensure no impacts are

resulted to the surrounding social and biophysical environments. Moreover, as a good practice, it is essential

to identify suppliers that have products, particularly solar panels and inverters that comply with ISO or other

industry best practice standards.

Soil Erosion

During the construction phase, activities involving preparation, stripping, grading, soil removal, backfilling,

compacting, disposal of surplus and excavation of the earth surface to pave way for the installation of the

“substations” will lead to localized soil erosion and run off during torrential rains.

The building of foundations for distribution line poles and hybrid mini grids, can potentially exacerbate soil

erosion. Soils can also be impacted because of disposal of waste materials, and compaction with heavy

machinery used for the establishment of poles and the distribution line. This impact is only expected to occur

in the areas where excavation works will be carried out either to construct a substation. These impacts can

be managed by restricting the use of heavy machinery and vehicles to designated work areas and installing

soil protection works in areas sensitive to erosion prior to construction. The followings mitigation measures

are expected to be implemented by the Contractors/Employers

• During site preparation, disturbed soils should be compacted immediately.

• Prevented windblown erosion by soil compaction and wetting the ground to prevent rising of soil

particles.



46

• Include an adequate drainage channel that should facilitate drainage and avoid flooding in final site

leveling within the substations.

• A site drainage plan should be developed to protect against erosion.

• Protecting stockpiles with silt fencing and reduced slope angles should be used to minimize soil

erosion during construction.

• Use existing access roads and tracks wherever available.

• Decommission and rehabilitate excess temporary access tracks as soon as they are no longer required.

• Where access is required across agricultural lands use temporary access paths during the dry season

involving placement of geo-textile over aggregates where necessary.

• Minimize the need for access tracks whenever possible.

• Construction to proceed in the dry season if possible to minimize soil erosion and mass wasting and

to limit loss of crops (which are not grown in the dry season); where construction is required in the

rainy season, potentially unstable slopes to be avoided.

Heat or Light Reflection

In case of improper sitting of the solar panels, it may affect the neighboring community members due to

sunlight reflection from the panels, particularly if the panels are angled towards windows, doors or active

service area of the neighbors. If this is not corrected immediately, the reflection affects the neighbors and

other communities living nearby for a prolonged period of the year and become a source of grievance and

social conflict. Therefore, the implementing bodies of the program should follow the standard of placing the

roof top solar panel in north-south direction and conduct regular monitoring of the impacts, if any non-

conformity exists.

Biodiversity

Activities during upgrading of distribution line, opening of Right of Way (ROW), installation of mini-grid

would require clearance of vegetation within the area of interest. Although it is not significant, installation

and Roof Top solar system will have a case to remove where big trees that obstruct the use and efficiency

of solar panels. Such clearance of vegetation will result an impact on the existing fauna and flora species

and ultimately affect the biodiversity of the area. Generally, the anticipated impacts will not have potential

adverse impacts on terrestrial and/or aquatic biodiversity. However, it is essential to consider and ensure the

flowing measures:

• Assess the status and presence of sensitive species in the area.

• Check no sensitive fauna and flora species are found within and around the construction area that are

affected by the program activities

• Plan accordingly to minimize or avoid the sources of impacts during preconstruction phase.

• Make sure that pruning should only practice to remove branches that are associated with efficiency

of the solar energy system

Occupational health and safety (OHS)

Occupational health and safety issues are among the main concern of the program, which the ESSA

identified during site visit and consultations that were conducted at regional and local levels. The significant

concern of OHS will arise during the program implementation periods, predominantly during stringing,

operation of equipment and machinery during construction, operation and installation of mini-grid, which



47

causes a likelihood of accidents occurring especially to the workers. The potential for accidents and hazards

occurring in the “substation” during the operation of the equipment is a likely adverse impact that could lead

to loss of life or injury to the workers. These work places and health and safety risks include:

• Electrocution hazard during operation of generating plants and installation and maintenance of

power distribution lines.

• Injury from falls when working at heights or from falling objects.

• Injury or fatality from heavy construction equipment.

• Improper use and lack of availability of the required Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).

• Injury during excavation for mini grid structure, poles erection, etc.

All Environmental and social management procedures and processes recommended to be implemented

during program implementation period are designed to protect public and worker safety against the potential

risks associated with:

• construction and/or operations of facilities or other operational practices developed or promoted

under the program;

• exposure to toxic chemicals, hazardous wastes, and otherwise dangerous materials; and

• reconstruction or rehabilitation of infrastructure located in areas prone to natural hazards. This will

be implemented in line with core principles 3 and national and WB/IFC-Environmental, Health, and

Safety (EHS) Guidelines GENERAL EHS GUIDELINES: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND

SAFETY8.

Specifically, to avoid these safety hazards and risks, the following general safety measures and those stated

below in the box 2 and 3 need to be considered during program implementation period.

• Ensure safe handling and use of PPE.

• Ensure the availability and proper use of PPE by the program beneficiaries, contractors, laborer who

are engaged in the construction, installation and operation and maintenance of the proposed program

• Monitor regularly the use and availability of PPE and other protective tools and materials by the

program coordination unit at all phases of the programs.

• All workers entering the construction site must be equipped with PPE including goggles, safety

shoes, overalls, gloves, dust masks, among others. The PPE should be those that follow the

international standards of PPE.

• ONLY competent workers and staff should be allowed to operate any machinery and equipment to

reduce the incidents of accidents.

• During the construction, the program site should be completely sealed off and warning signs erected

informing the public to keep off the construction site when construction is in progress.

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• Personal protection gear applicable to the activities must be provided and its use made compulsory

to all.

• Fire risks are possible due to improper storage facilities and lack of fire drill and this requires

provision of regular training and awareness creation to the workers and the community around.

• For any incidents of leakage or spill during installation, temporary containment structure is required

to clean-up accidental spills.

• Provide regular OHS induction training for staffs before mobilization to work

• Create awareness to the community reside nearby and ensure their understanding of the potential

safety and health impacts and respective measure

• Personal protection gear will be provided and its use made compulsory to all. The entire workforce

should be trained in the use of protective gear, handling of chemical products and acid storage cells,

electric safety equipment, procedures for entering enclosed areas, fire protection and prevention,

emergency response and care procedures.

• Training given to the employees should be backed by regular onsite training in safety measures.

• Machines and Equipment must be operated only by qualified staff and a site supervisor should be on

site at all times to ensure adherence.

• The contactor must develop workers’ Health and Safety Manual for which all the workers should be

conversant with for response in case of accidents.

During construction period, the contractor and other parties may use child labor due to lack of awareness on

the proclamation and the negative impact of child labor. Therefore, contractors and other participating

companies are not allowed to use child labor at any stage of the sub-projects implementation. Contractor

will be aware to enforce and respect the national Proclamation No. 377/2003 which states that children under

the age of 14 will not be employed and young workers (14 to 18 years) shall not perform work that is likely

to jeopardize their health or safety.

Cultural Heritage

Cultural resources include archeological sites, historic buildings, and sacred places. Potential impacts to

cultural resources could occur in two ways: 1) ground disturbing activities could result in the loss of or

damage to archeological artifacts or unmarked burial sites; or 2) the views and site lines to or from an

important historical site could be adversely affected by the physical presence of a substation upgrading and

TML activities. Both potential impacts must be considered when final selection of program sites and

distribution or upgrading power lines is conducted.

ELEAP should not affect any cultural heritage. During program implementation, it is important to ensure

that Program activities do not influence a place or building having aesthetic, anthropological, archaeological,

architectural, cultural, religion, historical or social significance or special value for present and future

generations. In order to minimize or avoid such impacts, all-necessary measures should be considered at the

subproject design phase and due attention should be paid during screening of the Program activities in

consultation with relevant institutions and activities shall be implemented in a manner consistent with

national and international policies and standards.

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) Impacts

PCBs used to be widely used as insulators in electrical equipment, including transformers, capacitors,

switches, voltage regulators etc. They are of concern because they are powerful toxins, even at low



49

concentrations, and they persist and bio-accumulate in the environment creating adverse health impacts and

adverse ecological changes. Refurbishment of any substations and upgrading/rehabilitation work of the

power line will need to check whether any such old transformers/equipment will be replaced and appropriate

safeguards taken. This is not an issue with new transformers, as they will not contain PCBs.

Health Effects of Electromagnetic Fields (EMF) Impacts

Electric and magnetic fields (EMF) are invisible lines of force that surround any electrical device. Power

distribution lines, electrical wiring, and electrical equipment all produce EMF. There are many other sources

of EMF as well. Electric fields are produced by voltage and increase in strength as the voltage increases.

Magnetic fields result from the flow of current through wires or electrical devices and increase in strength as

the current increases. Most electrical equipment should be turned on, i.e., current must be flowing, for a

magnetic field to be produced. Electric fields are often present even when the equipment is switched off, if

it remains connected to the source of electric power. In summary, voltage produces an electric field and

current produces a magnetic field. Electric fields are shielded or weakened by materials that conduct

electricity, even materials that conduct poorly, including trees, buildings, and human skin. Magnetic fields,

however, pass through most materials and are therefore more difficult to shield. However, both electric fields

and magnetic fields decrease rapidly as the distance from the source increases. As a precautionary measure,

ELEAP will adopt nationally accepted standards for ROW develop by the EEA and the respective

institutions, and if required, in some area international standard for ROW will be effective along the high

voltage distribution lines. All habitation and structures are excluded from the ROW to ensure safety of people

and animals from EMFs as well as from direct electric shocks and “flashover.” EEU and staffs working on

safety risk area will take the required safety responsibility to ensure no or minimum impacts to workers and

community nearby.

Fire risk

The risk of fire outbreaks during bad weather e.g. storms, winds etc. cannot be overruled especially when the

pole crash or if electrical faults occur. Also, failure to maintain the ROW could cause the overgrowth of

nearby trees that could end up crashing on the lines during poor weather and hence cause fire outbreaks of

black outs. Given the stringing activities in LV and MV is expected to be insulated, there will be no or

minimum impacts are expected. However, the followings are the mitigation measures to be considered by

Employer and the Contractors:

• A robust fire prevention program and fire suppression system should be developed by the contactor

for use in each work areas.

• All the site must contain firefighting equipment of recommended standards and in key strategic

points. This should include at least, Carbon dioxide systems, Detection/alarm systems, and portable

fire extinguishers among others.

• A fire risk management and evacuation plan must be prepared and posted in various points of the

cabins including procedures to take when a fire is reported.

• The Program should continuously ensure that the ROW is kept clear by regular trimming of trees

and maintenance.

Bird Strikes/Collusions

Distribution networks could be a limited source of bird strikes that get entangled to the lines causing their

injury or even instant death. This is especially more significant when large flock of birds migrates from one

point to another and usually gets struck by these distribution lines. However, the Program will entail insulated

power line, hence the risk of electrocution expected to be none or minimal, and no power line is pass through

any known migratory bird routes. The Program closely works with the MoEFCC and other organization like



50

Ethiopian Wildlife and Natural History Society (EWNHS), Ethiopian Institute of Biodiversity (EIB) and

MoANR to identify the potential birds’ migration route within the program area, if available and ensure

implementation of sound precaution and mitigation measure, like installation of habitat disturbance flapper

or balloon on the power line to avoid and/or minimize the anticipated impacts.

7.2.2 Negative Social impacts

The anticipated negative social impacts of the Program are not expected to be significant provided that land

and ROW acquisition are conducted in a manner consistent with the national standards and policies. The

main social risks include the following:

• Risks from provision of electricity to households and businesses:

There is possibility of safety risks with project activities that will have negative impact in the community if

not properly addressed. Risk of electrocution from substandard internal wiring, meter tampering, illegal

connections, or lack of knowledge of electrical systems is among the concern for future action. Safety threats

also include the collapse of distribution poles, especially wooden ones during storms.

• Risks from land and RoW acquisition:

Project Affected People (PAPs) might lose part of their livelihoods in the process of clearing vegetation for

the ROW, such as their cash crops including coffee plants, false banana (inset), mango, eucalyptus, and

other trees. Moreover, during construction foundation, erection as well as stringing of distribution lines can

involve movement of machinery, which may cause damage to crop that impact agricultural activities, and

the livelihoods of PAPs.

PAPS may also lose part of their land under various use or other properties. The proposed route options may

have impacts on the existing land use, both temporarily and permanently Land might be acquired for access

roads, workers camp, workers’ residence, solar panel installation. If the village benefiting from off-grid

solutions is to be connected to the main grid, ancillary features, including access roads and power

transmission/distribution lines to connect a project to an existing electrical grid, can result in significant land

use disturbances.

The PAPs may not be able to replace land or assets required, if there are cases of inadequate amount of

compensation or pressure to contribute land voluntarily that results in diminished quality of life for the

people affected.

• Risk that vulnerable groups will not share equitably in project benefits provision of electricity to

communities:

Women embrace disproportionately large number of poor in most countries due to gender discrimination.

The situation limits the women to have access to resources, opportunities, and public services necessary to

improve the standard of living for themselves and their families. In majority of rural areas of Ethiopia,

women’s economic activities are limited to household management and some major farm practices like

weeding and so on. Female-headed households may be disadvantaged in obtaining access to electricity

Persons with low income – the poor, elderly, or with disability – may not be able to afford the cost of

connections or of proper internal wiring. Underserved people and vulnerable groups may not be able to

benefit fully from the provision of electricity due to their life style (for instance pastoralists). Projects may

also be located in an area with the potential for containing tangible cultural resources

• Risks related to Labor Influx



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The in-migrant people for job opportunities will bring both positive and negative impacts to the local people.

Some of them will have different cultural backgrounds that might be important for the culture of the local

communities and will bring more social interactions, skill transfer, and other socio-cultural developments.

Labor influx in line with ELEAP might be minimal ,though workers’ accommodations may need to be

constructed on-site. Workers’ accommodations require provision of potable water and availability of

wastewater, and solid waste disposal services. This may result in impacts on community infrastructure,

health, and safety. The influx of labor to the construction areas and their interactions with the local

communities may create access for the spread of communicable diseases and price increases in the area.

Food prices on local markets might increase, security and smuggling issues might arise and women from

local communities might be at risk of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) and unwanted pregnancies.

Preparation and implementation based on Labor Influx Management Plan is vital. The mitigation plan should

take an approach to control the spread of STIs. Health education programs, control of illegal/illicit drugs

and prostitution, and other socially condemned activities near the project site need to be included. Moreover,

mechanisms need to be put in place to prevent and minimize Gender Based Violence(GBV) and Violence

Against Children (VAC).Such mechanism should include working with the contractors to prevent sexual

harassment in the workplace and GBV and VAC in the project affected communities (for example through

code of conducts), strengthening grievance redress and other monitoring mechanisms to ensure safe and

ethical reporting systems to alert cases of GBV and VAC and assure them to access adequate response.

Risk that community benefits are not Sustainable-Power available for the extension to the grid may be

insufficient, resulting in black-outs. Demand may exceed supply, especially in some of the villages and small

towns that will eventually grow into big urban centers due to large scale infrastructure development such as

roads.

To conclude, most of these risks can be mitigated,

• Through awareness on hazards of electricity to the community, customers.

• Working based on Ethiopia Energy Authority standards and house wiring inspections, and programs

to assist the vulnerable groups.

• Ensuring participation of project affected people that incorporate vulnerable groups and underserved

communities in ongoing consultation throughout the design and implementation of the project.

• Establishing effective Grievance Response Mechanism and equitable and fair benefit sharing

• Carrying out acquisition of land and ROW processes in accord with, the national system and Core

Principle 4, using a resettlement guideline that includes the required procedures.

• Using local workers as much as possible to minimize influx. Furthermore, it is vital to prepare and

use labor influx management plan to manage related risks.

Further details of environmental, social and safety impacts and management are provided in the Annex 6

and 8.

8. SAFETY MANAGEMENT

Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) risk is one of the concerns that need to be considered and managed

properly to minimize risks and ensure efficient implementation of safety management practices measures

over the ELAEP implementation period. The potential occupational health and safety impacts that could be

generated from the construction activities of the program include, but not limited to:



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• Exposure to physical hazards

• Exposure to dust and noise

• Falling objects

• Falling from height

• Electrocution

• Skin rush due to chemicals like PCBs

• Work in confined spaces

• Exposure to hazardous materials

• Exposure to electrical and other sources of hazards (Box 2)

Box 1. The Electric Accidents Hazards

To avoid and/or minimize the anticipated occupational health and safety (OHS) risks and impacts associated

with the program activities, the Contractor and Employer (EEU) are required to prepare a detailed safety

management plan, defining potential OHS issues and respective mitigation measures. More specifically,

the Contractor (when applicable) shall commit to prevent and manage these impacts and risks in an

acceptable way and comply with the required OHS national and international standards during

construction period. Among others measures expected to be taken by the Contractor:



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• Effective implementation of safety prevention and control measures

• Develop safety training plan and conducting safety trainings

• Raise awareness and sensitization to workers and nearby community members;

• Maximize safety knowledge of supervisors, workers and any other relevant stakeholder so that they

can take their own responsibilities for preventing and avoiding safety risks, and avoid the occurrence

of any incidents

• Support Program staff and other relevant institutions in managing the safety risks associated with

the Program

• Develop notification and monitoring plan

• Conduct regular monitoring

• Adopt the general safety practices (Box 3)

• Be responsible on managing safety risks (Box 4)

Box 2. General safety practices



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Box 3. General safety Responsibility applicable for ELEAP which is adhered by EEU

8.1 Use of PPE and safety protection material

Inadequate availability and use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and safety protection material and

tools were highlighted during the ESSA assessment and recommendations provided on the interventions

needed to fulfil all the necessary provision to ensure no/minimum safety risks. The EEU and Contractors are

required to include detail Health and Safety considerations/articles in their contract agreements and make

sure that any incidents and serious health and safety risks emanating from the Program’s activities to the

workers and community members residing within and around the program implementation area (within 3km

from the existing distribution network) are taken into account. The Program should also assign high priority

to the availability of safety materials and tools and Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for all staffs and

laborers at all levels, before the beginning of construction activities (Box 5 and Figure 7).



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Box 4. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Figure 6: Typical PPE and safety protection materials



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8.2 Indicative Safety Monitoring and Reporting

8.2.1 Monitoring

The Contractor, before commencement of construction works, shall develop a detailed monitoring plan to

check the effectiveness of safety measures during implementation. The general practice in monitoring is to

ensure the management of potential negative impacts generated from construction activities through sound

implementation of prevention and control measures. Together with the development of a monitoring plan,

the Contractor shall conduct regular monitoring of all prevention and control measures to ensure the

effectiveness of safety measures.

The Engineer and/or Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) manager of the Contractor, shall be responsible

for keeping record of monitoring activities. The Contractor should carry out daily/weekly/monthly/ quarterly

inspections for any events/incidents related to Program implementation, risks and impacts, and the prevention

and control measures set in place (Box 6). The documentation of daily/weekly/monthly/quarterly inspections

and monitoring shall be carried out to ensure that safety management activities are being properly carried

out.

8.2.2 Reporting

The Field Team

The Field team (Sub-contractor, Constructor’s team assigned at each construction sites, and others directly

engaged in the construction activities at the site level) shall report monitoring and inspection results, any

incidents/events not anticipated, and non-conformity/non-compliance activities and events associated with

the construction activities causing significant safety and health impacts to the workers and nearby community

members. These results shall be submitted to the contractor as soon as possible, with the details of the events

and incidents (Figure 8).

The daily/weekly/monthly/quarterly report, as agreed, shall include at least:

• Summary of activities undertaken during the reporting period;

• Deviations or non-compliances to the Employer HSE policy, contractor SMP, Contractor’s ESMP, and

other relevant legal and safeguards documents;

• Frequency of monitoring/inspections conducted during the reporting period;

• Summary of findings and results of monitoring and inspections activities;

• Planned inspection and monitoring activities during the next reporting period; and

• Where evidence of unforeseen impacts is identified, or the prevention and control measures implemented

appear to be inadequate, reporting of a list of unforeseen impacts and their respective additional control

and prevention measures should be provided.

The Contractor

The Contractor shall report to the Employer (EEU) the results of the monitoring and inspections undertaken

in accordance with the relevant components of the SMP and Contractor’s ESMP regularly incidents (Figure 8).

The daily/weekly/monthly/quarterly report shall include:

• Summary of activities undertaken during the reporting period;

• Deviations or non-compliances to the Employer HSE policy, contractor SMP, Contractor’s ESMP, and

other relevant legal and safeguards documents;

• Frequency of monitoring/inspections conducted during the reporting period;



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• Summary of findings and results of monitoring and inspections activities;

• Planned inspection and monitoring activities during the next reporting period; and

• Where evidence of unforeseen impacts is identified, or the prevention and control measures implemented

appear to be inadequate, reporting of a list of unforeseen impacts and their respective additional control

and prevention measures should be provided.

The contractor is also expected to further update and use the indicative safety inspection checklist annexed

herewith during site inspection/monitoring (Annex 13). The checklist shall be filled regularly for each

construction activities of the program in a daily/weekly/monthly basis, as applicable. The Contractor shall

submit the final signed checklist to the Employer as an attachment together with the inspection/monitoring

report.

The Employer

The Employer is responsible to collect and compile all inspection and monitoring reports on time and report

to the World Bank on time, based on the significance of the incidents (Figure 8 and Box 6). The summary

of the checklist report will be attached to the monthly incident report and/or quarterly environmental and

social safeguards report. In case of any major incident or in case of grievance, the report will be submitted

to the World Bank upon notification received from the Contractor or other parities, when the cases are under

process and/or completed. The Employer shall provide a written report (in English) to the World Bank and

including, as a minimum, the following information:

• Date, Type and Scale of incident/event occurred;

• Confirmation of incident monitoring/inspection result (including monitoring/inspection location, date

and time of monitoring/inspection, inspection/monitoring result, date and time of the Contractor’s

monitoring/inspection result; and applicable Program standard);

• Actions taken in response to incidents due to electric hazards, falling from working at height on poles,

contact with live power lines);

• Additional recommendation on prevention, control and treatment of the (actual or potential) incidents;

• Additional inspection/monitoring activities to address safety issues and return to compliance;

• Confirmation of closeout of non-compliance conditions, or timetable for closeout (timetable to include

further monitoring and reporting to World Bank); and

• Proposed plan for submission of next follow-up report on inspection and monitoring.

Figure 7: Indicative reporting flow chart for detail written incident report

:



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8.3 Notification

The Field team

The Field team (Sub-contractor, Constructor team designated for each site, and others directly engaged in the

construction activities at the field level) shall immediately notify the contractor about incidents and events of

non-compliance associated with the construction of distribution power lines causing significant impacts to

the workers and nearby community members/passer-by. The detailed events and incidents written reports

shall be prepared and submitted to the contractor within 72 hours (Figure 9). If the issues are not resolved in

the follow-up, reports shall be prepared periodically, until the safety issues are resolved and closed.

The Contractor

The Contractor shall notify the Employer about the incidents/unforeseen events associated with construction

activities of distribution power lines within twenty-four (24) hours after receiving the notification from the

Field team (Figure 9). The contractor is required to establish a strong communication mechanism/system

among the Employer-Contractor-Field teams to facilitate smooth notification and reporting processes among

all three parties, so as to ensure in time dissemination of notifications and information on safety matters and

incidents. The contractor shall also prepare and submit the follow-up detail written incident or non-

compliance report to the Employer within one week, based on the reports from the Field team.

The Employer

After receiving a notification on incidents from the contractor, the Employer shall accordingly notify the

World Bank as soon as possible not later than twenty four hours (24 hours), Figure 9. The employer shall

also prepare a detail written report on the incidents based on the information from the Contractor and submit

it to the World Bank.

Figure 8: Indicative flow chart for the notification of incidents



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Box 5. Points on Accident reports, records, and investigation

9. TRAINING AND CAPACITY BUILDING

9.1 Overview

The ELEAP is designed to establish and strengthen the capacity building architecture to ensure sound

technical capacity on environment, social and safety matters at all levels of EEU and MoWIE through

adopting a systematic, cascading, and coordinated vision and approach. Skill development within the sector

institutions is a core aspect of the sustainability of the NEP, and is therefore, a key focus of ELEAP. The

continual and rapid expansion of electrification in Ethiopia will require extensive capacity-building support

not only for the electricity sector institutions, the MoWIE and EEU, but also for the broader sector

participants such as academic institutions (universities and vocational training centers) and community and

other local stakeholders.

ELEAP capacity building activities would continue to focus on all three levels of governments and tailored

to each of their needs, as elaborated below. Selected NEP activities related to skill development, including

environmental, social and safety management will be supported by ELEAP and/or related World Bank

operations.



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(a) Sector institutions (EEU and MoWIE). Comprehensive training, technical assistance, and capacity-

building support will be provided for sector institutions for technical and planning skills development,

program management, M&E, fiduciary systems and safeguards management, as well as for transition

to customer-oriented business processes. These activities not only aim to strengthen the technical

capacity of the utility and its staff but also target improving commercial operations and utility

performance.

(b) Academic institutions. EEU has an ongoing program to recruit and train recent university graduates,

as well as technical and vocational education and training (TVET) program graduates. Deeper

interlinks will be supported with relevant local universities and TVET institutions to prepare a pipeline

of skilled labor force for the electricity sector.

(c) Community and local stakeholders. Capacity development support will also be provided to broader

stakeholders in the electricity sector, such as community groups, local industry participants, women,

and civil society organizations.

The intended capacity-building and technical assistance activities are required during Program preparation

and implementation to ensure the implementing agencies’ compliance with environmental and social

safeguards and safety management practices:

During program design and implementation period, substantive capacity building and technical assistance

program shall be designed and implemented on environmental and social safeguards and safety assessment

and management practices through provisioning and improving of human and financial resources, provision

of trainings and other logistics facilities.

The training and capacity building activities proposed to support ESMSG implementation are:

a) General training and awareness/sensitization provided by MoWIE, EEU (or their Regional

equivalent) and REFAs.

b) In depth training for relevant Regional Energy and EEU bureaus responsible for the project and EHS

staffs on implementation of the ESMSG including all aspects of environmental, social and safety

management, ESMP, SMP, A/RAP, public consultation, and integration of environmental, social and

safety management plans into development planning;

c) Technical and financial assistance to each EEU-EHS units at national and regional level that

participate in program’s EHS implementation to:

➢ Produce a Screening Report, an ESMP and other safeguard instruments TOR, an

Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP), Safety Management Plan (SMP) or

abbreviated/Resettlement Action Plan (A/RAP); and

➢ Establish and support operation of systems for monitoring and reporting on Environmental

and Social Management Plan (ESMP), Safety Management Plan (SMP) or

abbreviated/Resettlement Action Plan (A/RAP) implementation.

d) Appointment of one Environmental and Social Specialist and one Occupational Health and Safety

specialist in each regional EEU offices who are responsible for overall ESMSG implementation.



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9.2 ESMSG TRAINING

During the assessment period, the ESSA team found that the existing technical capacity on environment,

social and safety management practices as well as preparation and implementation of instruments at regional

and district levels is limited. Therefore, provision of an induction training before the commencement of each

activities and a consecutive on job training throughout the program implementation period are vital to ensure

the capacity of implementing parties at all levels are at acceptable level.

Training to EEU-EHS specialists, and line agency staffs including Energy Bureaus at the regional level on

environmental, social and safety impacts and risks management, is required in the form of a phased training.

This general training and awareness/sensitization program will be developed as a training module. The

training will specifically aim to build awareness and sensitize a broad audience, particularly Managers and

Bureau Heads of EEU, MoWIE, Regional energy bureau and MFI, PSE specialists to the requirements and

key aspects ESMSG. In addition to what is stated below, a detail training plan will be prepared by EEU that

comprises all areas of EHS.

An example of an agenda for a proposed one-day training workshop on ESMS implementation and indicative

training outlines are given in the Boxes 6,7,8 below.

Box 6. Possible Agenda for a 2-day Workshop Introducing the ESMSG



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Box 7. Indicative Training Topics and Schedule

Box 8. Integration of Environmental Management into Development Planning

9.3 Technical and Financial Assistance

EEU will carry out a consultative assessment exercise to determine the existing capacity/capability and the

support requirements for each of the participating regions in terms of their ability to successfully:

➢ Produce a Screening Report

➢ Produce an Environmental and Social Management Plan, Safety Management Plan, or

Abbreviated/Resettlement Action Plan



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➢ Establish and support operation of systems for monitoring and reporting on ESMP, SMP and

A/RAP implementation.

9.3.1 Appointing Environmental, Social, Health and safety officers to EEU Regional Offices

Environmental, social, safety, and health officers are required to be positioned at the EEU head office and

regional EEU offices, as a minimum condition before start of the Program. As the implementing agency of

main activities under the Program, EEU is required to have sufficient staff with expertise in environmental

and social safeguards and health and safety at the national and regional levels. The regional EEU offices will

have an environmental, social, and safety units with relevant specialists (including at least one environmental

and social development specialist and one health and safety specialist, who will be subordinated to regional

EHS coordinators). The EHS department/unit at national and regional levels will also work in close

collaboration with MoWIE’s Environment and Climate Change Directorate and the MoEFCC at the national

level and with regional environmental authorities and labor and social affairs bureaus and other Government

organizations, whenever appropriate. The EEU unit shall also be equipped with all facilities, including

logistics, budget, and safeguards monitoring tools and instruments.

In this regard, it is important that an EHS department under EEU national and regional offices shall be

established and strengthened to provide overall support in supervising the implementation of the ESMSG

and coordinating with the relevant stakeholders involved in the Project.

The Specialists will contribute to the objectives of the Program which include:

➢ The preparation, together with the implementing entities, of annual work programs and budgets;

➢ Monitoring project progress as it relates to compliance with the ESMS guidelines, resolving

implementation bottlenecks, and ensuring overall that project implementation proceeds smoothly;

➢ Collecting and managing information relevant to the project and accounts (i.e. environmental

monitoring and audit reports – of ESMPs, SMPs, and RAPs ARAPs); and

➢ Ensuring that the implementing bodies are supported adequately and that they adhere to the

principles of the project, specific to compliance with ESMS guidelines.

The Specialist should be hired on a fulltime basis and will report to the main bodies responsible for execution

of the Project.

9.3.2 Indicative Terms of Reference for ELEAP Environmental and Social Specialist

OBJECTIVE: To provide technical advice on environmental management and mitigation, and ensure that the

ELEAP ESMS is fully implemented.

➢ Tasks

• Establish the system of screening forms and set out in this ESMSG, and oversee their smooth

operation in the implementation of ESMSG;

• Liaise with the Ethiopia EPA on a regular basis;

• Commission an independent auditing firm/agency to carry out an environmental performance

independent annual audit based on EEU quarterly and annual internal reporting, for submission

to MoWIE and CSA (for verification):



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• Provide specific technical advice on mitigation measures for labor intensive projects;

• Provide technical advice to EEU on all technical issues related to natural resources, environment,

social and safety management. These issues will relate to impacts on surface water, groundwater,

agricultural resources and vegetation, sourcing of materials used in construction, human health,

physical and chemical hazards, EMF impacts, ecology and protected areas, land and soil

degradation;

• Raise awareness and proactively create demand for EHS technical advice among EEU officers;

• Liaise with the Regional EEU and district offices to ensure the project’s compliance with the

ESMSG, RSG, other safeguards instruments and all EHS aspects of the program;

• Be responsible for collating information related to the ESMSG, RSG and resettlement, if required;

• Undertake review of ESMP, SMP and A/RAPs to ensure compliance with the ESMSG and RSG;

and

• Lead the delivery of capacity building programs for EEU officers and technicians.

10. MONITORING, ANNUAL AUDIT AND REPORTING OF ESMSG

IMPLEMENTATION

10.1 Monitoring

Monitoring will be a continuing process throughout the life of the ELEAP, from installation and construction

phase up to operation and decommissioning phase. The purpose of monitoring is to establish benchmarks so

that the nature and magnitude of anticipated environmental, social and safety impacts can be continually

assessed ensuring the achievement of ESMSG objectives. Monitoring of activities during implementation of

the program and ESMSG will be continuous throughout program implementations with quarterly and annual

reviews to determine and guarantee the effectiveness of ESMSG measures and procedures.

The objectives of monitoring are

i) To alert program implementers by providing timely information about the success or otherwise of

the environmental, social and safety management process outlined in this ESMSG in such a manner

that changes can be made as required to ensure continuous improvement to ELEAP’s environmental,

social and safety management process (even beyond the Program period).

ii) To make a final evaluation to determine whether the mitigation measures incorporated in the

technical designs and the EMP have been successful in such a way that the pre-project environmental,

social and safety management condition has been restored, improved upon or, if worse than before,

determine what further mitigation measures may be required.

The ESMSG implementation indicators to be monitored during project implementation period include the

following, but not limited to:

• Number of field supervisions undertaken;

• Number of inspection checklist filled and reported;

• Number of ESMPs developed, as applicable;

• Number of written warnings of violations of ESMSG issued to contractors, in case of non-

compliances;



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• Number of recommendations from the supervisions, annual review and monitoring that have been

implemented by the beginning of the following year;

• Number of staff and daily laborers at all levels trained in the implementation of this ESMSG, SMP;

and,

• Number of staff at federal, regional and district/field levels attending training course in ESMSG,

SMP, A/RAP, ESMP, and other safeguards instruments.

The ESMSG training component is monitored through indicators of number of specialists at EEU, EEU staff

at Regional and Woreda levels, Regional and Woreda energy experts, focal points, elders, beneficiaries, and

community members etc. trained and the topics covered.

Follow up on previous recommendations is monitored through the number of recommendations from the

annual review that have been implemented. The indicators are deliberately very simple. Despite their

simplicity, the integration of these indicators into Program monitoring & evaluation systems provides a

guarantee that the ESMSG will be implemented in full over the program implementation period.

The Monitoring and Evaluation Team and/or the EHS Coordination Team within, and MoWIE, who will

lead and oversee the implementation of any corrective measures that are required. Monitoring and evaluation

is necessary to ensure that (i) the ESMSG process is being implemented appropriately, and (ii) the mitigation

measures are being identified and implemented. This will enable to identify various issues that necessitate

amendments in the ESMSG to improve its effectiveness.

10.2 Annual Audit

The annual independent audit on ESMSG implementation will be conducted by an independent

auditor/agency based on the quarterly and annual reviews produced by EEU. The independent auditor will

submit the audit to MoWIE, who will then in turn submit to CSA for verification of results for disrbursements

by the WB under ELEAP. The Annual Audit also provides a strong incentive for EEU and MoWIE to ensure

effective implementation of the ESMSG. An Annual Audit Report will include a summary of the

environmental performance of the Program, based on the recommended measures indicated in the ESMSG;

presentation of compliance and progress in the implementation of the ESMSG and other safeguards

instruments; and a synopsis of the environmental monitoring results from individual program monitoring

measures (as set out in the project ESMSG, ESMP, SMP, A/RAP), at local level.

The main tasks of the audit study will be to the review EEU annual reporting (base on quarterly reporting),to

include:

• Consideration of the description of the program activity and site description;

• Indicate the objective, scope and criteria of the audit;

• Study all relevant environmental law and regulatory frameworks on health and safety, sustainable

use of natural resources and on acceptable national and international standards;

• Verify the level of compliance by EEU with the conditions of the ESMSG, ESMP, SMP, etc.;

• Evaluate the implementing agencies’ knowledge and awareness of and responsibility for the

application of relevant legislation;

• Review the internal annual report provided by EEU based on existing project documentation related

to all infrastructure facilities and designs;



66

• Examine monitoring programs, parameters and procedures in place for control and corrective

actions in case of emergencies;

• Examine records of incidents and accidents and the likelihood of future occurrence of the incidents

and accidents;

• Inspect all buildings, premises and camps in which areas where goods are stored and disposed of

and give a record of all significant environmental and safety risks associated with such activities;

• Examine and seek views on health and safety issues from the project employees, the local and other

potentially affected communities;

• Evaluate the training plan and its implementation;

• Prepare a list of safety, health and environmental concerns; and

• Identify any outstanding environmental, social and safety issues and provide recommendations

along with the responsible body and appropriate timeframe

Based on the internal annual EEU report, the independent audit team will report to MoWIE who will send

the report for verification to CSA, for disbursement under ELEAP based on results achieved taking into

account the following points:

• To what extent environmental and social considerations are being incorporated into the planning

process;

o To check that Program activities are being correctly screened.

o Other safeguards instruments (ESMP, PESIA, ARAP, SMP, RAP) have been duly prepared and

approved by the relevant competent agencies

o That mitigation measures, as set out under the ESMPs, RAPs and SMPs, are being identified and

implemented by EEU.

o To identify any amendments in the ESMS approach that are required to improve its effectiveness.

• The annual audit also includes the overall performance of ESMSG, ESMP, SMP, A/RAP preparation,

and implementation, as required. Over all the audit report will include:

o A summary of the environmental and social performance of the ELAEP, based on a sample of

visit at program activity sites;

o A presentation of compliance and progress in the implementation of the project ESMPs, SMPs

and A/RAPs;

o A synopsis of the environmental monitoring results from individual project monitoring measures

(as set out in the project ESMPs, SMPs, and A/RAPs).

10.3 Reporting

To monitor the progress of the implementation of the measures that have been identified in this ESMSG,

EEU quarterly and annual reports, as well as independent audit, will be carried out as outlined in the above

section. The principal output of EEU quarterly and annual reports is to present the methodology used for

reporting, summarize the results, and provides practical recommendations, to be then audited. Distinct

sections should address: a) ESMSG, ESMP, SMP, A/RAP and other safeguards instruments implementation



67

performance, and b) cumulative impacts and the respective measures. Annexes should provide the detailed

results of the fieldwork, and summarize the number of program activities supervised by the respective

national and regional teams and their nature of status of implementation according to the ESMSG and other

instruments. Copies of the annual audit and quarterly performance review report should also be delivered to

the EEU EHS unit, to each relevant Regional and National Government office responsible for appraisal,

approval, and implementation of projects. To ensure early detection of critical environmental and social

conditions and to provide information on the mitigation progress and results, reporting deadlines shall be not

later than one month after supervision of the program activity period.



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11. ANNEXES

Annex 1: Screening Form

ELEAP construction works project name:

Location (include map/sketch), if applicable: (E.g. region, district, kebele, etc.)

Type of activity: (e.g. excavation, pole

erection, stringing, new construction,

rehabilitation, etc.)

Estimated Cost: (Birr), if applicable

Proposed Date of Works Commencement

Technical Drawing and Specifications

Reviewed, if applicable:

(circle

answer):

Yes No

This report is to be kept short and concise.

1. Site Selection:

Physical data*:

Site area and total distance covered, if applicable

Extension of or changes to existing alignment

Any existing property to transfer to project

Any plans for new construction

* Yes/No answers and bullet lists preferred except where descriptive detail is essential. **Refer to project

application for this information.

2. Impact identification and classification:

When considering the location of a ELEAP’s construction and stringing works, rate the sensitivity of the

proposed site in the following table according to the given criteria. Higher ratings do not necessarily mean

that a site is unsuitable. They do indicate a real risk of causing undesirable adverse environmental and social

effects, and that more substantial environmental and/or social planning may be required to adequately avoid,

mitigate, or manage potential effects. The following table should be used as a reference.



69

Impact Identification and Classification

Issues

Site Sensitivity Rating

Low Medium High

Natural habitats No natural habitats

present of any kind

No critical natural

habitats; other

natural habitats occur

Critical natural habitats

present

Water quality

and water

resource

availability and

use

Water flows exceed any

existing demand; low

intensity of water use;

potential water use

conflicts expected to be

low; no potential water

quality issues

Medium intensity

of water use;

multiple water users;

water quality issues

are important

Intensive water use;

multiple water users;

potential for conflicts is

high; water quality

issues are important

Natural hazards

vulnerability,

floods, soil

stability/

erosion

Flat terrain; no potential

stability/erosion

problems; no known

volcanic/seismic/ flood

risks

Medium slopes;

some erosion

potential; medium

risks from volcanic/

seismic/ flood/

hurricanes

Mountainous terrain;

steep slopes; unstable

soils; high erosion

potential; volcanic,

seismic or flood risks

Cultural

property

No known or suspected

cultural heritage sites

Suspected cultural

heritage sites; known

heritage sites in

broader area

of influence

Known heritage sites in

project area

Involuntary

resettlement

Low population density;

dispersed population;

legal tenure is well-

defined; well-defined

water rights

Medium population

density; mixed

ownership and land

tenure; well-defined

water rights

High population

density; major towns

and villages; low-

income families and/or

illegal ownership

of land; communal

properties; unclear

water rights

Indigenous/

Underserved

peoples

No indigenous/

Underserved population

Dispersed and mixed

indigenous/

Underserved

populations; highly

assimilated

indigenous /

Underserved

populations

Indigenous territories,

reserves and/or lands;

vulnerable indigenous/

Underserved

populations



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3. Checklist of impacts

ELEAP construction activities (excavation, pole erection,

transformer installation, stringing, solar panel

installation, water supply, access road construction, solid

and liquid waste, etc.)

Potential for Adverse Impacts

None Low Med High Unknown

Soil erosion or flooding concerns (e.g., due to highly erodible

soils or steep gradients)

Number of stream crossings or disturbances

Significant vegetation removal

Wildlife habitats or populations disturbed

Be located within or nearby environmentally

Sensitive areas (e.g. intact natural forests, Wetlands, etc.)?

Cultural or religious sites disturbed

Economic or physical resettlement required

New settlement pressures created

Create solid waste on the sites (including excess fill materials

from grading and excavation activities, scrap wood and

metals, and small concrete spills)

Cause air pollution? (Fugitive dust, etc.)

Cause contaminated land?

Create Noise and vibration

Aesthetic disruption to the surrounding areas?

Cause Potential Physical hazards (Like accident or injury or

illness due to repetitive exposure to mechanical action or

work activity, falling from height)

Cause and spread communicable disease (poor sanitation and,

sexual transmission and vector-borne infections)

Cause poor Water Quality and less water Availability

Cause traffic congestion (Traffic accidents, injuries and

fatalities among members of the Community)

Block access to and from individual houses, business centers,

different institutions and buildings, both during construction

and operational phase of road projects

Cause flood and gully formation at the outlet or end point of

drainage canals

An open dich or drainage to be a waste bin that could possibly

become sources of microbial breed, physical damage to

humans and animals

Any right of way issues, ex impact on water lines,

telecommunication, electric poles and other utility lines

Possible impact on individual’s property, including impact on

houses, fences and other structures

Cause any occupational health and safety issues

Can cause serious Electro Magnetic Field effect

Risk of causing the contamination of drinking water?

Natural hazards in flood

Result in the production of solid or liquid waste,



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ELEAP construction activities (excavation, pole erection,

transformer installation, stringing, solar panel

installation, water supply, access road construction, solid

and liquid waste, etc.)

Potential for Adverse Impacts

None Low Med High Unknown

or result in an increase in waste production, during

construction or operation?

Environmentally sensitive areas disturbed

Bad odor and noise nuisance

Increased social tension/conflict over toilet allocation

Risk of effluent quality for downstream communities and

environment

Existing water sources supply/yield depletion

Existing water users disrupted

Downstream water users disrupted

Potential conflict between downstream and upstream or

beneficiary communities

Sensitive ecosystems downstream disrupted

Block of access and routes or disrupt normal operations in the

general area

Will the project generate solid or liquid wastes? (Including

human excreta/sewage, hospital waste

Historical, archaeological or cultural heritage site

Any health and safety related risks to the community nearby

Other (specify):

4. General questions that applies for all types of program activities:

Questions Answer (Yes/No) with

description

State the source of information available at this stage (ELEAP report,

site observation, stakeholders’ consultation, ESMP or other

environmental and social study).

Has there been litigation or complaints of any environmental nature

directed against the proponent or ELEAP construction works

What are the likely environmental impacts, opportunities, risks and

liabilities associated with the project

Does the ELEAP construction activities have the potential to pollute the

environment, or contravene any environmental laws and regulations?

Does the design adequately detail mitigating measures?

Will the ELEAP construction activities require waste or safety



72

Questions Answer (Yes/No) with

description

management plan?

If Screening identifies environmental issues that require further study,

does the proposal include the ESMP, PESIA, SMP, A/ RAP, WMP or

any other types of study?

Indicate the scope and time frame of any outstanding environmental

study.

Required Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan:

If the screening identifies environmental issues that require long term or

intermittent monitoring (effluent, EMF impact, live line, gaseous

discharges, water quality, soil quality, air quality, noise etc.), does the

proposal detail adequate monitoring requirements?

Has consultation been conducted? Please attach minutes of meeting

Categorization & Recommendations*

Category Description Mark*

Schedule 1 Project to be fed into the standard ESIA process determined by MoEFCC

Schedule 2 Project will not require an ESIA, but will necessitate the inclusion of

environmental and social mitigation and enhancement measures in the design

and implementation of the project using standard construction contract clauses

and an environmental management plan

Schedule 3 Project is not subject to environmental assessment as no potential impacts are

anticipated.

A/RAP Project will require preparation of A/RAP

SMP Project will require preparation of safety management plan

WMP Project will require preparation of waste management plan



73

*Place tick in applicable box

Prepared by; Name:

Position

Organization

Signature:

Date:

Reviewed by; Name:

Position

Organization

Signature:

Date:

Annex 2: Environmental and Social Exclusion List

No. ELEAP Activities with the following impacts are not eligible for financing

1 Cause significant physical and economic relocation (more than 200 people and greater than 10% or

their landholding)

2 Cause large-scale physical disturbance of the site or the surroundings

3 Block access to and/or use of water points etc.

4 Located in protected areas and other ecologically sensitive ecosystems

5 Create encroachment and/or cause significant adverse impacts to critical natural habitats (e.g.,

wildlife reserves; parks or sanctuaries; protected areas; forests and forest reserves, wetlands, national

parks or game reserve; any other ecologically/environmentally sensitive areas)

6 Significant impact on physical cultural resources (archaeological sites; religious monuments or


significance)

7 Have risk on and/or exclude some members of community, including vulnerable groups,

underserved peoples and ethnic minorities,



74

8 Can instigate social tension or conflict

9 Contravene international and regional conventions on environmental and social issues

Annex 3: Guideline for the preparation of site specific of ESMP

ESMPs should demonstrate that proposed environmental and social management and monitoring

activities will encompass all major impacts and how they will be integrated into subproject

supervision. The ESMP should also describe proposed measures, methods, and actions to facilitate

public consultation. It is important that the ESMP identify linkages to other social and

environmental safeguards plans relating to the subproject, such as plans to deal with resettlement

issues. Given the scale and nature of the subproject and the significance of the potential anticipated

impacts, Regional Water, Mines and Energy Bureaus in collaboration with Woreda Water, Mines

and Energy Offices are responsible for preparing a project specific ESMP for identified subprojects

in a format suitable for inclusion as technical specifications in the contract of each subproject

beneficiaries, if applicable and required. ESMPs should be finalized and approved after considering

comments from the Ministry of Water, Irrigation and Electricity (MoWIE) at the national level and

Regional and Woreda Environmental offices at regional and Woreda level. The World Bank

safeguards team will review and provide comments on draft site-specific instruments (if required)

and monitor safeguards compliance, among others. Given below are the important elements that

constitute an ESMP:

i) Description of the project: Scale nature and type of subprojects implemented under the

proposed programs are summarized.

ii) Description of Subproject implementation area: The Biophysical and social environmental setting of

the specific subproject implementation area are summarized

iii) Impacts: Predicted adverse environmental and social impacts (and any uncertainties about their

effects) for which mitigation is necessary should be identified and summarized.

iv) Description of Mitigation Measures: Each measure should be briefly described in relation to

the impact(s) and conditions under which it is required. These should be accompanied by and/or

referenced to designs, development activities (including solar home system and biogas

equipment descriptions), operating procedures, and implementation responsibilities. Proposed

measures and actions to facilitate public consultations should be clearly described and justified.

Feasible and cost-effective measures to minimize adverse impacts to acceptable levels should

be specified with reference to each impact identified. Further, the ESMP should provide details

on the conditions under which the mitigation measure should be implemented. The ESMP

should also indicate the various practicable measures applicable to the proposed subprojects at

each project phases (design, construction and/or operation). Efforts should also be made to

mainstream environmental aspects wherever possible.

v) Description of monitoring program: The ESMP identifies monitoring objectives and

specifies the type of monitoring required; it also describes performance indicators which

provide linkages between impacts and mitigation measures identified in the ESA report,

parameters to be measured (for example: national standards, extent of impacted area to be



75

considered, etc.), methods to be used, sampling location and frequency of measurements, and

definition of thresholds to signal the need for corrective actions. Monitoring and supervision

arrangements should be agreed by the Bank and the borrower to: ensure timely detection of

conditions requiring remedial measures in keeping with best practice; provide information and

the progress and results of mitigation and institutional strengthening measures; and, assess

compliance with National and World Bank environmental safeguard policies

vi) Institutional arrangements: Institutions responsible for implementing mitigation measures

and for monitoring their performance should be clearly identified. Where necessary,

mechanisms for institutional coordination should be identified, as often, monitoring tends to

involve more than one institution. This is especially important for subprojects requiring cross-

sectoral integration. The ESMP specifies who is responsible for undertaking the mitigation and

monitoring measures, e.g., for enforcement of remedial actions, monitoring of implementation,

training, financing, and reporting. Institutional arrangements should also be crafted to maintain

support for agreed enforcement measures for environmental protection. Where necessary, the

ESMP should propose strengthening the relevant agencies through such actions as:

establishment of appropriate organizational arrangements; appointment of key staff and

consultants.

vii) Implementing schedules: The timing, frequency and duration of mitigation measures and

monitoring should be included in an implementation schedule, showing phasing and

coordination with procedures in the overall subproject implementation/operations manual.

Linkages should be specified where implementation of mitigation measures is tied to

institutional strengthening and to the subproject legal agreements, e.g. as conditions for loan

effectiveness or disbursement.

viii) Reporting procedures: Feedback mechanisms to inform the relevant parties on the progress

and effectiveness of the mitigation measures and monitoring itself should be specified.

Guidelines on the type of information required and the presentation of feedback information

should also be highlighted.

ix) Cost estimates and sources of funds: Implementation of mitigation measures mentioned in

the ESMP will involve an initial investment cost as well as recurrent costs. The ESMP should

include cost estimates into the sub-project design, bidding and contract documents to ensure

that the contractors will comply with the mitigation measures. The costs for implementing the

ESMP will be included in the sub-project design, as well as in the bidding and contract

documents. It is important to capture all costs – including administrative, design and

consultancy, and operational and maintenance costs – resulting from meeting required

standards or modifying subproject design.

To ensure unique identification and to cater for changes in administrative borders or names, the

ESMP further requires entering of GPS coordinates of the location, if applicable.

For each potential impacts of the project, corresponding mitigation measures, and who is responsible

for implementation is indicated. For each potential environmental and social impact, there can be

more than one mitigation measure. Responsibility for implementation of mitigation measures will

typically rest with the contractor or beneficiary during construction and operation of the biogas and

solar home systems.



76

The monitoring section of the ESMP prescribes indicators for monitoring the environmental and

social impact and the effects of mitigation measures. The responsibility for this will typically rest

with the EEU, MoWIE, and Regional and Woreda Water, Mines and Energy Bureaus/Offices, in

collaboration with the respective pertinent institutions. A template for ESMP is depicted in annex

4.

Annex 4: Suggested Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) Template for a Subproject

Subproject identification

Subproject title/Name

Region Zone Woreda

Kebele/community Location GPS coordinates

Description of the subproject activity

Description of potential environmental and social impacts;

Description of planned mitigation measures and monitoring along with institutional

responsibilities and capacity/training requirements

Environmental and Social Management Plan-Mitigation

Project Phase Project

activity

Environm

ental

Impacts

Mitigation/

enhancement

measures

Institutional

responsibiliti

es

Time

frame

Cost

Pre-construction

Construction

Operation and

maintenance

Total mitigation costs

Environmental and Social Management Plan-Monitoring



77

Project Phase Impa

cts

Mitiga

tion

meas

ures

Paramet

ers to be

monitor

ed

location meas

urem

ents

frequ

ency

Insti

tutio

nal

resp

onsi

biliti

es

Cost

Pre-construction/

activities

Construction/

activities

Operation and

maintenance/

activities

Total monitoring costs

Annex 5: Example of Environmental Contract Clauses

Proper environmental management of construction projects can be achieved only with adequate site selection

and project design. Please note that this environmental clause shall be applicable for projects involving any

construction or rehabilitation activities, regardless of their category or schedules, and hence should be part

of the construction contract agreement. As such, for projects involving any new construction, or any

rehabilitation or reconstruction for existing projects, should provide information as to screening criteria for

site selection and design including the following:

Site selection

Sites should be chosen based on community needs for additional projects, with specific lots chosen based on

geographic and topographic characteristics. The site selection process involves site visits and studies to

analyze: (i) the site’s urban, suburban, or rural characteristics; (ii) national, state, or municipal regulations

affecting the proposed lot; (iii) accessibility and distance from inhabited areas; (iv) land ownership, including

verification of absence of squatters and/or other potential legal problems with land acquisition; (v)

determination of site vulnerability to natural hazards, (i.e. intensity and frequency of floods, earthquakes,

landslides, hurricanes, volcanic eruptions); (vi) suitability of soils and subsoils for construction; (vii) site

contamination by lead or other pollutants; (viii) flora and fauna characteristics; (ix) presence or absence of

natural habitats and/or ecologically important habitats on site or in vicinity (e.g. forests, wetlands, coral reefs,

rare or endangered species); and (ix) historic and community characteristics.

Project design

Project design criteria include, but are not limited to, the consideration of aspects such as heating, ventilation,

natural and artificial light energy efficiency, floor space (in square feet) per bed/ward, requirements for x-

ray rooms, adequacy of corridors for wheel chair/bed access, adequate water supply and sanitation systems,

historical and cultural considerations, security and handicapped access.



78

Construction activities and environmental rules for contractors

The following information is intended solely as broad guidance to be used in conjunction with local and

national regulations. Based on this information, environmental rules for contractors should be developed for

each project, taking into account the project size, site characteristics, and location (rural vs. urban).

After choosing an appropriate site and design, construction activities can proceed. As these construction

activities could cause significant impacts on and nuisances to surrounding areas, careful planning of

construction activities is critical. Therefore, the following rules (including specific prohibitions and

construction management measures) should be incorporated into all relevant bidding documents, contracts,

and work orders.

Prohibitions

The following activities are prohibited on or near the project site:

• Cutting of trees for any reason outside the approved construction area;

• Hunting, fishing, wildlife capture, or plant collection;

• Use of unapproved toxic materials, including lead based paints, asbestos, etc.

• Disturbance to anything with architectural or historical value;

• Building of fires;

• Use of firearms (except authorized security guards);

• Use of alcohol by workers.

Construction Management Measures

Waste Management and Erosion:

Solid, sanitation, and, hazardous wastes must be properly controlled, through the implementation of the

following measures:

Waste Management:

• Minimize the production of waste that must be treated or eliminated.

• Identify and classify the type of waste generated. If hazardous wastes (including health care wastes)

are generated, proper procedures must be taken regarding their storage, collection, transportation and

disposal.

• Identify and demarcate disposal areas clearly indicating the specific materials that can be deposited

in each.

• Control placement of all construction waste (including earth cuts) to approved disposal sites (>300

m from rivers, streams, lakes, or wetlands).

• Dispose in authorized areas all of garbage, metals, used oils, and excess material generated during

construction, incorporating recycling systems and the separation of materials.

• No trench shall be left open for more than 7 days, unless duly authorized by the supervisor upon

Contractor’s request. Trenches and other excavation works shall be established, demarcated/fenced

and/or signposted sufficient to prevent accident or injury to workers or the public, including during

hours of darkness.



79

Specific Protection Measures: Quarries and Borrow Areas and deposit sites

The Contractor shall obtain appropriate licenses/permits from relevant authorities to operate quarries or

borrow areas prior to their first use. The location of quarries and borrow areas shall be subject to review and

approval by relevant local and national authorities.

New sites:

a) Shall be located 1km or more from settlement areas, archaeological areas, and cultural sites - including

churches and cemeteries, wetlands or any other valued ecosystem component, or on high or steep ground.

b) Shall not be located in water bodies, or adjacent to them, as well as to springs, wells, well fields.

c) Shall not be located in or near forest reserves, natural habitats or national parks.

d) Shall be designed and operated in the perspective of an easy and effective rehabilitation. Areas with

minimal vegetation cover such as flat and bare ground, or areas covered with grass only or covered with

shrubs less than 1.5m in height, are preferred.

e) Shall have clearly demarcated and marked boundaries to minimize vegetation clearing and safety hazards

for third parties.

f) Shall be operated in accordance with the General Environmental Protection Requirements, the

Construction ESMP for the project and in accordance with any consent / permit conditions.

Maintenance:

• Identify and demarcate equipment maintenance areas (>15m from rivers, streams, lakes or wetlands).

• Ensure that all equipment maintenance activities, including oil changes, are conducted within

demarcated maintenance areas; never dispose spent oils on the ground, in water courses, drainage

canals or in sewer systems.

• Identify, demarcate and enforce the use of within site access routes to limit impact to site vegetation.

• Install and maintain an adequate drainage system to prevent erosion on the site during and after

construction.

Erosion Control

• Erect erosion control barriers around perimeter of cuts, disposal pits, and roadways.

• Spray water on dirt roads, cuts, fill material and stockpiled soil to reduce wind induced erosion, as

needed.

• Maintain vehicle speeds at or below 10mph within work area at all times.

Stockpiles and Borrow Pits

• Identify and demarcate locations for stockpiles and borrow pits, ensuring that they are 15 meters

away from critical areas such as steep slopes, erosion prone soils, and areas that drain directly into

sensitive water bodies.

• Limit extraction of material to approved and demarcated borrow pits.

Site Clean-up

• Establish and enforce daily site clean-up procedures, including maintenance of adequate disposal

facilities for construction debris.



80

Safety during Construction

The Contractor’s responsibilities include the protection of every person and nearby property from

construction accidents. The Contractor shall be responsible for complying with all national and local safety

requirements and any other measures necessary to avoid accidents, including the following:

• Carefully and clearly mark pedestrian-safe access routes.

• If school children are in the vicinity, include traffic safety personnel to direct traffic during school

hours.

• Maintain supply of supplies for traffic signs (including paint, easel, sign material, etc.), road marking,

and guard rails to maintain pedestrian safety during construction.

• Conduct safety training for construction workers prior to beginning work.

• Provide personal protective equipment and clothing (goggles, gloves, respirators, dust masks, hard

hats, steel-toed and –shanked boots, etc.,) for construction workers and enforce their use.

• Post Material Safety Data Sheets for each chemical present on the worksite.

• Require that all workers read, or are read, all Material Safety Data Sheets. Clearly explain the risks

to them and their partners, especially when pregnant or planning to start a family. Encourage workers

to share the information with their physicians, when relevant.

• Ensure that the removal of asbestos-containing materials or other toxic substances be performed and

disposed of by specially trained workers.

• During heavy rains or emergencies of any kind, suspend all work.

• Brace electrical and mechanical equipment to withstand seismic events during the construction.

Nuisance and dust control

To control nuisance and dust the Contractor should:

• Maintain all construction-related traffic at or below 15 mph on streets within 200 m of the site.

• Maintain all onsite vehicle speeds at or below 10 mph.

• To the extent possible, maintain noise levels associated with all machinery and equipment at or below

90 db.

• In sensitive areas (including residential neighborhoods, hospitals, etc.) more strict measures may

need to be implemented to prevent undesirable noise levels.

• Minimize production of dust and particulate materials at all times, to avoid impacts on surrounding

families and businesses, and especially to vulnerable people.

• Phase removal of vegetation to prevent large areas from becoming exposed to wind.

• Place dust screens around construction areas, paying particular attention to areas close to housing,

commercial areas, and recreational areas.

• Spray water as needed on dirt roads, cut areas and soil stockpiles or fill material.

• Apply proper measures to minimize disruptions from vibration or noise coming from construction

activities.



81

Community Relations

To enhance adequate community relations the Contractor should:

• Following the country and ESIA requirements, inform the population about construction and work

schedules, interruption of services, traffic detour routes and provisional bus routes, as appropriate.

• Limit construction activities at night. When necessary ensure that night work is carefully scheduled

and the community is properly informed so they can take necessary measures.

• At least five days in advance of any service interruption (including water, electricity, telephone, and

bus routes) the community must be advised through postings at the project site, at bus stops, and in

affected homes/businesses.

Chance Find Procedures for Culturally Significant Artefacts

The Contractor is responsible for familiarizing themselves with the following “Chance Finds Procedures”,

in case culturally valuable materials are uncovered during excavation, including:

• Stop work immediately following the discovery of any materials with possible archaeological,

historical, paleontological, or other cultural value, announce findings to project manager and notify

relevant authorities;

• Protect artefacts as well as possible using plastic covers, and implement measures to stabilize the

area, if necessary, to properly protect artefacts

• Prevent and penalize any unauthorized access to the artefacts

• Restart construction works only upon the authorization of the relevant authorities.

Environmental Supervision during Construction

The bidding documents should indicate how compliance with environmental rules and design specifications

would be supervised, along with the penalties for non-compliance by contractors or workers. Construction

supervision requires oversight of compliance with the manual and environmental specifications by the

contractor or his designated environmental supervisor. Contractors are also required to comply with national

and municipal regulations governing the environment, public health and safety.

Annex 6: Building Code of Standards

This Code applies, to Building Construction, Maintenance, Renovation, Demolishing and other associated

activities to all Classes of Buildings stated in Ethiopian Building Proclamation. This Code covers the Health

and Safety precautions for the most common construction activities. If a building construction involves

special methods of construction, the builder needs to come up with the associated Health and Safety

precautionary measures for such methods. The occupational health and safety requirements specified in this

document are only the minimum requirements. Other equivalent or better approaches are also acceptable if

proven.

1. Safety Plan, Site Planning and Layout

1.1 Safety Plan of A Work Place

A contractor prepares Safety Plan of Work places which shall incorporate the following.



82

• Assignment of a safety officer and/or the establishment of Safety and Health Committee whose members

include representatives of employers and workers. The Officer/Committee will be in charge of following

up the safety preparations and implementations.

• Provide on the job training by safety officer and/or safety committee members to the workers. The

training includes providing information to workers of any measures applied on the construction site for

ensuring safety in understandable ways.

• Displaying pieces of information of particular importance including the following.

• list of construction work to be performed on a construction site involving particular risks, the

approximate time of performance of the work, the contact details of a person responsible for the

work and measures for ensuring the safety of workers;

• instructions for action in the event of a risk, the names and contact details of persons responsible;

• the names and contact details of persons giving first aid, the contact address of nearest place of

providing emergency medical assistance and the means of access.

1.2. Site Layout of a Work Place: Before work begins, site layout plan that contains the following items

shall be prepared and approved.

• Safe means of access to and outlet from all workplaces.

• The sequence or order in which work will be done.

• Access for workers on and around the site.

• The locations of danger zones.

• Storage for flammable materials, if there are any.

• Routes for vehicular traffic. These should be “one way” as far as practicable.

• Storage areas for materials, construction waste and equipment. Materials need to be stored as close

as possible to the appropriate workstation.

• The location of construction machinery. This is usually dependent on operational requirements. The

objective should be to avoid the need to slew the load over workers and traffic of the surrounding

area.

• The location of office rooms and trade workshops.

• The location of medical and welfare facilities.

• Delineation and fencing external border of the site and clearly marking it in order to keep away

unauthorized persons and to protect the public from site hazards. The type of fencing will depend on

the location of the site, but in populated areas it should be at least two meters high and without gaps

or holes.

• Appropriate lighting posts, if night work or work when there is no adequate light is expected.

• Signs and signals that convey required cautionary messages.

2. Signs and Signals

• Warning, Cautionary, and Informative signs and signals shall be placed where required.

• Signs shall be visible at all times when work is being performed, and shall be removed or covered

when the hazards no longer exist.

• Danger Signs: Danger signs shall be used only where an immediate hazard exists. Danger signs shall

have red as the predominating color for the upper panel; black outline on the borders; and a white

lower panel for additional sign wording



83

• Caution signs: Caution signs shall be used only to warn against potential hazards or to caution against

unsafe practices.

3. Preventative and Protective Measures of Ladders and Scaffolding

• Ladders

The following general requirements apply to all portable ladders including job-made ladders.

• Ladder rungs, cleats and steps must be parallel, level and uniformly spaced when the ladder is in

position for use.

• Provide a metal spreader or locking device on each stepladder to hold the front and back sections in

an open position when the ladder is being used.

• Ladder components must be surfaced to prevent injury from punctures or lacerations, and prevent

snagging of clothing.

• The type of ladder to be used around electric lines should not be made of a conductor.

• The bottom of a ladder should be of such material that develops friction with the floor.

• Do not tie or fasten ladders together to create longer sections unless they are specifically designed

for such use.

• The minimum clear distance between the sides of individual rung/ step ladders and the minimum

clear distance between the side rails of other fixed ladders shall be 16 inches (41 cm).

• The following are recommended safe work practices when using portable ladders.

3.2. Scaffoldings: General requirements for all scaffolds

• All scaffoldings shall be designed in such a way that it is safe against falling, breaking and sway and

get approval.

• The employer shall provide safe means of access for each employee erecting or dismantling a

scaffold where the provision of safe access is feasible and does not create a greater hazard. The

employer shall have a competent person to determine whether it is feasible or would pose a greater

hazard to provide, and have employees use a safe means of access. This determination shall be based

on site conditions and the type of scaffold being erected or dismantled.

• The vertical supports of scaffolds shall rest on a firm foundation or sills.

• All scaffolds above 3 meters high above ground shall be equipped with a guardrail not less than 1

meter height and an intermediate rail.

• Scaffolding shall be erected plumb line, and level, and all connections shall be securely fastened.

• The width of work platforms on scaffolds shall be not less than 40 cm.

• Materials only for current use shall be kept on scaffolds.

• Safe means of access (ladder or equivalent) shall be provided to all working levels of the scaffolding.

• Overhead protection shall be provided for workers on a scaffold exposed to overhead hazards.

• Employees shall not work on scaffolds during storms or high winds.

• Tools, materials, and debris shall not be allowed to accumulate on scaffolds.

4. Excavation Work

➢ Before commencing excavation work the following pre-excavation requirements should be recognized:

• Excavation works with power tools or equipment in an area likely to have underground conduits,

cables or pipelines, the location of the service facilities shall be accurately determined;



84

• Trees, boulders or other matters located within 2 meters of the area to be excavated shall be

removed before commencing excavation work;

➢ The following points should be properly studied before the work of excavation begins on site:

• The nature of the ground should be verified by a competent person or organization;

• Proper safety plan should be submitted and approved to make sure that the excavation will not

affect adjoining buildings, structures or roadways;

• The concerned body should check and verify the position of all the public utilities such as water

pipes, underground sewers and electrical conductors that may cause danger during work;

➢ A worker shall not be permitted or required to enter an excavation over 1.5 meters in depth unless:

• the sides of the excavation are firm or are sloped to safe angle;

• the sides have been secured by the use of sheet piling, shoring or bracing;

• The workers are protected by other effective means.

➢ If equipment or other heavy objects are located or operated close to the edge of excavation or if

excavations are adjacent to or abutting buildings or other structures or a hazard is created by vibration

from nearby equipment or from passing vehicles traffic, the added loads shall be considered in the design

of the support system;

➢ When workers are required to enter excavations over 1.5 meters in depth, a ladder shall be provided in

the immediate area where workers are employed and the ladder shall extend from the bottom of the

excavation to the least 90 cm above the top of the excavation;

➢ With the exceptions of borrow pits, excavations of depth higher than 3.0 meters shall be guarded by

substantial railings. Shallower excavations shall be marked along their perimeter by reflective ropes;

➢ Adequate measures should be taken to prevent the formation of dusts or to suppress as practicable as

possible, such as by sprinkling water at regular intervals in excavation works;

➢ A worker shall not allow excavated materials to remain within 1.2 meters of the edge of a trench typed

excavation, not within 1.5 meters of a pit-typed excavation.

Ministry of Water Resources, Irrigation and Electricity Ethiopian Electric Utility

85

Annex 7: Format of an Annual/quarterly Environmental Report

Relevant environmental authority:

Reporting dates:

District/Kebele:

Program activities approved:

Program activities

title

Activities Project phase9 Environmental.

Category

ESIA / EMP

completed?

Environmental

Permit granted? Effectiveness of

EMP

Issues10

(name, location,

title or reference)

(new construction,

rehabilitation,

maintenance)

See note below (1, 2 or 3) Yes, No or N/A Yes, No or N/A Good, poor, or

needs improvement

See note below

1

2

etc.

Program activities rejected:

Program activities title Activities Reasons for rejection Remarks11

1

2

Etc.

9 Program activities phase will be one of the following: (a) under project preparation or appraisal, (b) appraised, or (c) implementation 10 Issues: accidents, litigation, complaints or fines are to be listed 11 e.g. if an environmental permit was not granted, explain why


86

Annex 8: Indicative Environmental and Social Management Measures

NO

POTENTIAL ISSUES

Management MEASURES

A 1. Minimising adverse impact on natural forests

2. Lopping of trees

➢ EEU endeavours environmentally sensitive areas such as forest and other ecologically

fragile / sensitive areas while selecting its ROW

3. Habitat Loss

4. Vegetation damage

➢ To minimise damage to vegetation and habitat fragmentation, EEU utilises hand clearing

and transportation of material by head loads into forests

5. Habitat fragmentation

6. Edge effect on flora & fauna

➢ EEU maintains only a 3m wide strip for O&M and allows for regeneration of vegetation

in the other two strips and beneath the transmission lines (refer Appendix-III) to avoid

habitat fragmentation and edge effect.

7. Increased access to wild lands

8. Paths/Access roads

9. Run off and sedimentation from grading of access

roads

➢ EEU avoids creating new access roads or paths during construction activity and utilises

existing paths and field bunds for movement of material. It also strengthens existing village

road for transportation of material, which is also helpful to the local communities.

B 1. Chemical contamination from chemical

maintenance techniques

➢ EEU does not use chemicals for forest clearance/ROW maintenance

2. Poly-Chloro Biphenyls (PCBs) in electrical

equipment

➢ EEU does not use PCB's in its electrical equipment. MoEFCC has arranged for studies

with UNIDO for sampling of existing equipment and creation of a PCB management plan.


87

NO

POTENTIAL ISSUES

Management MEASURES

1. Change in land use and population relocation for

substations

➢ EEU avoids populated urban/rural areas, trees/ plantations for its substation. If unavoidable

EEU pays compensation on the principle of replacement. Issues of R&R are addressed

through detailed social assessment and planned measures for rehabilitation of affected

population through RAP/SAMP.

2. “Chance finds” or discovery of any archaeological

artefacts, treasure etc. during excavation

➢ Possibilities of such phenomenon are quite remote due to limited and shallow excavations.

However, in case of such findings, EEU will follow the laid down procedure.

D 1. Impaired cultural and aesthetic resources/ ➢ All possible precautions like use of safety equipment’s are ensured at construction site.

Site in-charge and Safety Officer carry out regular monitoring of these requirements for

strict compliance of these regulations.

2. Health and safety ➢ EEU lines do not cause any hazards to health and safety. EEU uses the best international

standards in technology.

3. Fire Hazards ➢ EEU uses state of art technology in its Distribution, Transmission lines and Sub-stations

which trips the line in fraction of seconds to prevent fire hazards

4. Pollution ➢ Although pollution is not an issue with transmission project still EEU is making all out

efforts to further minimise it. Sites are cleared of all the leftover material and debris to

avoid any chance of pollution.

Environmental and Social Management System Guidelines

Ministry of Water, Irrigation and Electricity Ethiopian Electric Utility

88

Annex 9: Indicative ESMS Impact Mitigation and Monitoring Checklists

Potential Impacts Generic Mitigation Measures Monitoring Indicators Responsibility

Negative social and economic effects on local people

and communities, such as:

• Unplanned commercial development

• Demand for local public infrastructure and

services increases beyond existing capacities

• Disruption of traditional lifestyles

• Induced population movements and natural

resource exploitation activities, due to improved

access (e.g. conversion of forest to pasture,

or of sustainable land use to unsustainable, short-

cycle cropping; illegal or unsustainable hunting)

• Work with affected communities to anticipate and

plan for enhanced access to and demand on local

public infrastructure and services

• Provide project funds to strengthen local public

infrastructure and services (e.g. health clinics,

markets, schools)

• Avoid creating congested and unsafe road conditions

at intersections, and in villages and towns

Participation of

communities in local

planning

EEU

Displacement of housing or farms or involuntary

resettlement

• Purchase of replacement land and resettlement

of affected people

• Monetary compensation

Number of project

affected people

adequately compensated

and resettled

EEU/ Land Use

Administration

Loss of natural areas, important habitats, biodiversity Avoid infringing on:

• Critical habitats or areas with significant biodiversity

(e.g. wetlands)

• Protected natural sites and wilderness areas

• Degree of biodiversity

(number of species) in

road vicinities

• Extent of critical

habitats

EEU / Bureau of

Agriculture and

Rural

Development

Damage valuable historic, religious, cultural, and

archaeological resources

Avoid areas of cultural, historical, or religious

significance Apply chance find procedures in

construction clauses

Participation of

communities in local

planning

EEU/ Land Use

Administration

Social disruption during construction (e.g. enhanced

transmission of STDs and TB) • Comprehensive community participation in

construction planning and management

• Education on avoiding communicable

diseases/hygiene

• Use regional labor where possible

Occurrence of illness

or disease

EEU / Bureau

of Health



89


Creation of stagnant water in construction borrow

pits and quarries, and on road sides, that breed

disease carriers

Assess ecology of disease carriers in road corridor, and

employ suitable mitigation measures (e.g.

proper drainage of construction areas and road sides,

effective road maintenance)

• Occurrence of illness

or disease

• Drive roads

after moderate rains to

identify areas that

collect or gully water

EEU

Impact of road noise on surrounding habitation • Plant 30-meter tree buffer strips between road and

surrounding habitation

• Planning activities in consultation with local

communities so that activities with the greatest

potential to generate noise are planned during periods

of the day that will result in least disturbance.

Number of community

complaints to local

authorities about noise

EEU

Dust • Stabilize the road surface with gravel and other rocky

surfacing materials

• Minimizing dust from material handling sources, such

as conveyors and bins, by using covers and/or control

equipment (water suppression, bag house, or cyclone)

• Minimizing dust from open area sources, including

storage piles, by using control measures such as

installing enclosures and covers, and increasing the

moisture content

• Dust suppression techniques should be implemented,

such as applying water or non-toxic chemicals to

minimize dust from vehicle movements

Number of community

complaints to local

authorities about dust

EEU

Contaminate surface water and generate trash due to

lack of solid waste management • Provide temporary sanitation (e.g. latrine), where this

is not possible, instruct crews to employ soil mining

(digging a pit for human waste and covering with soil

immediately after use)

• Collect all solid waste from all site areas and dispose

of either in local landfill or well-screened waste pits

Local complaints of

excessive waste and odors

EEU



90


Increased soil erosion leading to sediment in runoff

and, possibly, gully formation from:

• Construction activities such as grading,

excavations, and borrowing/quarrying

• Inadequate design of culverts and drainage

controls

Design:

• Use surface drainage controls and mulch on

vulnerable surfaces and slopes

• Line receiving surfaces with stones or concrete

• Locate and design borrow/quarry sites for erosion

control during road construction and future

maintenance operations

• Identify the most environmentally sound source of

materials within budget

Construction:

• Limit earth movement and soil exposure to the dry

season

• Balance cut and fill for minimum deposition of earth

• Provide sedimentation basins

• Resurface and re-vegetate exposed surfaces

• Quality

of soil/productivity

• Integrity of road

structures

• Accidents due to

erosion of road

EEU

Contamination of land in sites due to releases of

hazardous materials or oil.

• Preparation of a management plan to manage

obsolete, abandoned, hazardous materials or oil

consistent with the approach to hazardous waste

management

Observation and

laboratory test

Contractor and

EPA

Illness or disease related to poor source water quality

or from contaminants entering water supply system • Ensure that water is fit for drinking (make

regular testing a part of the project if possible)

• Ensure planning, design, and maintenance of supply,

sanitation, and wastewater works is appropriate to

local needs, and to soil and water table conditions


or disease

• Regular testing (if

possible)

• Involve community in

local planning process

Local

government/

Community

Contaminated soils from disposal of inadequately

decomposed wastewaters

Ensure planning, design, and maintenance of supply,

sanitation, and wastewater works is appropriate to local

needs, and to soil and water table conditions

Involve community in

local planning process

Local

government/

Community



91


Contamination of water source supply • Protect groundwater sources from surface runoff (e.g.

rainwater, spillage around wells, wastewater from

latrines or homes) that may enter as drainage from

above or as seepage from below

• Locate source well away from latrines, septic

systems, traditional defecating areas, and animal pens

• Protect surface water sources from contamination

from:

• Runoff from nearby agricultural areas (e.g. silt, agro-

chemicals, animal waste)

• Other uses such as bathing, laundering, and animal

watering

• Garbage and vegetative debris


or disease

• Decrease in production

due to

water contamination

(e.g. stunted growth,

no growth)

• Complaints/problems

documented form local

community

Local

government/

Community

Ground and Surface water contamination • Ensure adequate design, installation, and

maintenance of latrines, holding tanks, septic systems

and wastewater soak ways

• Ensure adequate spacing between latrines and soak

ways


or disease

• Decrease in production

due to

water contamination

(e.g. stunted growth,

no growth)

Local

government/

Community

Displaced land uses Involve community in locating project sites and access

routes as well as developing practices & responsibilities

for managing project activities and sites

Survey of local

population regarding land

uses

Local

government/

Community



92


Disruption or destruction of sites of cultural, religious

or historical importance

Involve community in locating appropriate project sites

and access routes that avoid such resources

Survey of local

population regarding

problems with culturally

sensitive areas

Local

government/

Community

Human settlements and land uses near landfill and

composting sites

Involve community in locating project sites and access

routes

Survey of local

population regarding

siting of facility

Local

government

Windblown garbage, dust and smoke Spread and compact incoming refuse, and cover with

soil, daily

Complaints from

community

Local

government

Increased traffic to/from the sites Pave access roads, or use water spraying to reduce dust Complaints from

community

Local

government

Odors • Provide for safe ventilation of decomposition gases

• Spread and compact refuse, and cover with soil daily

Complaints from

community

Local

government

Containment of water sources • Ensure site layout and management practices,

including working training, are adequate

• Install adequate surface drainage control measures

• Maintain erosion and surface drainage control

measures during operations

• Incidences of illness

or disease

• Decrease in

agricultural production

Local

government

Creation of stagnant water sources • Ensure site layout is adequate for drainage




Periodic check

for pooling water due to

inadequate drainage

Local

government



93


Creation of stagnant water in project sites that breed

disease carriers

Assess ecology of disease carriers in project area and

employ suitable mitigation measures (e.g.

proper drainage)

• Increase in disease

carriers


or disease

Local

government /

Community

Loss of natural area, important habitats, biodiversity Avoid infringing on:

• Protected natural areas and wilderness areas

• Critical habitats or areas with significant biodiversity

(e.g. wetlands)

Survey land area and

community

for environmentally

sensitive areas/habitats

Local

government /

Community

Soil erosion • Minimize time of exposure of areas cleared, graded

or excavated

• Stabilize and revegetate disturbed areas




• Degree of erosion Local

government /

Community

Contamination of surface and groundwater with

landfill runoff and leachate • Protect water resources by locating landfills:

• Where the underlying soils are relatively

impermeable, and have a high capability

for containing chemical contaminants (e.g. clays)

• So that the bottom of the landfill is above the

water table

• Away and down gradient from surface waters, and

groundwater recharge areas sources, whose use could

be affected by contamination unless the distance to

• Complaints from

community

• Lower agricultural

productivity

• Increased instances of

illness or disease

Local

government /

Community



94


the receiving water is adequate to dilute and disperse

potential contamination

• Use a landfill liner (e.g. clay, synthetic)

• Collect surface runoff and discharge to safe area

• Install test wells at landfill perimeter, and

monitor water quality during operations, for early

identification and mitigation of emerging adverse

effects

• Disease transmission through infectious waste,

sharps, and contaminated water

• Chemical and toxic threats through chemical and

pharmaceutical exposure

• Community waste management plan

• Clearly assigned staff responsibilities

• Community guidelines for generation, handling,

storage, treatment and disposal

• Staff trained in handling, storage, treatment, and

disposal

• Protective clothing available (provide thick gloves

and aprons for staff handling healthcare waste)

• Good hygiene practices (soap and water readily

available)

• Vaccinated workers

• Temporary storage containers in designated locations

• Minimization, reuse, and recycling procedures •

Segregate waste

• Treatment methods for hazardous or highly

hazardous waste (open-air burning or incineration of

healthcare waste on site)

Schedule for periodic

review of compliance to

and effectiveness of plan

Ministry

of Health/ NGO/

Community



95


• Designate a final disposal site (bury waste on site in

clay-lined pit

• Spread of disease

• Environmental impact

• Select a location with easy access to safe drinking

water (source should be dedicated exclusively to the

facility, if possible, to reduce spreading disease)

• Install adequate sanitation facilities to prevent the

spread of disease from infected patients

• Avoid locations adjacent to schools to minimize

children’s risk of exposure

• Pick a location where waste can be safety buried (e.g.

above the water table and protected from

scavenging) or easily shipped off site for safe

disposal in a sanitary landfill

Involve community in

siting facility and

other planning measures

Ministry

of Health/ NGO/

Community

Post construction

Landslides, slumps and slips • Avoid areas of soil, slope or geological instability

and unstable river crossing sites

• Stabilize slopes by planting vegetation

• Minimize vertical road cuts

• Install drainage ditches to divert water away from

road

• Quality of road

• Degree of erosion

EEU

Accidents and safety risks Construct basic speed bumps and employ traffic

signs where possible • Number of accidents

reported per month to

local government

EEU

Increased soil erosion leading to sediment in runoff

and, possibly, gully formation from inadequate

maintenance of road surface, ditches, borrow/quarry

sites, and drainage and erosion control measures

• Ensure proper and timely maintenance of erosion

control and drainage measures along the road and

at borrow/quarry sites

• Clean out culverts and side channels/runout when

they begin to fill with sediment

• Quality

of soil/productivity

• Integrity of road

structures

EEU



96


• Fill mud holes and pot holes with quality gravel

• Use water from settling basins and retention

ponds for road maintenance

Design:

• Use surface drainage controls and mulch on

vulnerable surfaces and slopes

• Line receiving surfaces with stones or concrete

• Locate and design borrow/quarry sites for erosion

control during road construction and future

maintenance operations

• Identify the most environmentally sound source

of materials within budget

Construction:

• Limit earth movement and soil exposure to the

dry season

• Balance cut and fill for minimum deposition of

earth

• Provide sedimentation basins

• Resurface and re-vegetate exposed surfaces

• Accidents due to erosion

of road

• Collection of water in

drainage system

Quarry used for construction may become a health

hazard • Discuss with local community the usefulness

of using pits as water collection pits for cattle,

irrigation

• High light issues of disease transmission and the

need to prohibit its use for drinking, bathing, and

clothes washing

Occurrence of disease

or illness

EEU

Impact of road noise on village • Plant 30-meter tree buffer strips between road

and village

Number of community

complaints to local

authorities about noise

EEU

Dust due to traffic • Implement agreed dust control measures such as

wetting dirt roads, truck washing for trucks

exiting site, and monitoring dust emissions

Number of community

complaints to local

authorities about dust

EEU



97


Chemical hazards exhaust emissions from heavy

equipment and motor vehicles during construction and

maintenance activities

• Replacement of the hazardous substance with a

less hazardous substitute

• Implementation of engineering and

administrative control measures to avoid or

minimize the release of hazardous substances into

the work environment keeping the level of

exposure below national established or

recognized limits

• Number of workers

complaints to

management office about

chemical emission

Management

Office

Physical hazards represent potential for accident or

injury or illness due to Slips and falls on the same

elevation associated with poor housekeeping and

struck by Objects related to the potential fall of

materials or tools,

• Minimizing the hazard through design of safe

work systems and administrative or institutional

control measures

• Providing appropriate Personal protective

equipment (PPE) refers to protective clothing,

helmets, goggles, or other garment or equipment

• Health and Safety Warning Signs: Safety Signs

and Signals are one of the main means of

communicating health and safety information.


complaints to

management


injured

Management

office

Spread of Communicable diseases typically associated

with large development projects are those relating to

poor sanitation, sexual transmission and vector-borne

infections.

• Undertaking health awareness and education

initiatives,

• Training health workers in disease treatment

• Providing treatment through standard case

management in on-site or community health care

facilities. Ensuring ready access to medical

treatment, confidentiality and appropriate care,

particularly with respect to migrant workers.

• Number of community

complaints to local

authorities’

communicable disease

EEU and local

authorities



98

Annex 10: Prediction and Evaluation of Potential Environmental Impacts

Environmental Components

Characterization Evaluation

Type of Impacts Effect Duration Change Periodicity Areal extent

Significance level

without mitigation

Construction Phases No

Im

pa

ct

Ben

efi

cia

l

Ad

verse

Un

kn

ow

n

Dir

ect

Ind

irec

t

Sh

ort

term

Med

ium

term

Lo

ng

ter

m

Rev

ersi

ble

Irrev

ersi

ble

Co

nti

nu

ou

s

Peri

od

ic

Irreg

ula

r

Locali

zed

Wid

esp

rea

d

Ex

ten

siv

e

No

n-

sig

nif

ica

nt

Sm

all

Mo

dera

te

Ma

jor

Physical Environment

Destruction of National Parks and

protected areas

Increased access to previously

inaccessible areas

Disturbance of landscape aesthetics

Exposure of soil to erosion

Interference with watercourses

Generation of blasting vibration and

safety hazards

Enhancement of slope/landscape

instability

Spillage of pollutants (fuel, lubricants

and chemicals)

Biological Environment



99




Significance level

without mitigation


Im

pa

ct

Ben

efi

cia

l

Ad

verse

Un

kn

ow

n

Dir

ect

Ind

irec

t

Sh

ort

term

Med

ium

term

Lo

ng

ter

m

Rev

ersi

ble

Irrev

ersi

ble

Co

nti

nu

ou

s

Peri

od

ic

Irreg

ula

r

Locali

zed

Wid

esp

rea

d

Ex

ten

siv

e

No

n-

sig

nif

ica

nt

Sm

all

Mo

dera

te

Ma

jor

Loss of Priority Forest Area

River side habitat degradation

Encroachment on ecologically sensitive

areas

Wetland Ecosystem

Migratory species

Loss of wild lands and wildlife habitats

Restriction on wildlife corridor

Wildlife hunting for bush meat and other

wildlife products

Loss of livestock feed resources

Socioeconomic Environment

Loss of property, residence and business

Loss of and displacement from

agricultural land



100




Significance level

without mitigation


Im

pa

ct

Ben

efi

cia

l

Ad

verse

Un

kn

ow

n

Dir

ect

Ind

irec

t

Sh

ort

term

Med

ium

term

Lo

ng

ter

m

Rev

ersi

ble

Irrev

ersi

ble

Co

nti

nu

ou

s

Peri

od

ic

Irreg

ula

r

Locali

zed

Wid

esp

rea

d

Ex

ten

siv

e

No

n-

sig

nif

ica

nt

Sm

all

Mo

dera

te

Ma

jor

Impact on social services and

infrastructures

Displacement of people

Loss of archaeological heritage and

monuments

Loss of cultural heritage and historic

sites

Disturbance of religious sites

Interference with services

Employment opportunities for local

population

Friction between workers and local

population

Spread of HIV/ADIS and other sexually

transmitted diseases

Increased health risks to workers and

residents



101




Significance level

without mitigation


Im

pa

ct

Ben

efi

cia

l

Ad

verse

Un

kn

ow

n

Dir

ect

Ind

irec

t

Sh

ort

term

Med

ium

term

Lo

ng

ter

m

Rev

ersi

ble

Irrev

ersi

ble

Co

nti

nu

ou

s

Peri

od

ic

Irreg

ula

r

Locali

zed

Wid

esp

rea

d

Ex

ten

siv

e

No

n-

sig

nif

ica

nt

Sm

all

Mo

dera

te

Ma

jor

Impairment of air quality from nuisance

dust

Odour resulting from inadequate

sanitary conditions

Nuisance noise at adjacent sensitive

receptors

Increased pressure on local services

Environmental problems arising from

development made possible by the

project

Uncontrolled migration of people into

the area

Operation and Maintenance

Phase

Physical Environment



102




Significance level

without mitigation


Im

pa

ct

Ben

efi

cia

l

Ad

verse

Un

kn

ow

n

Dir

ect

Ind

irec

t

Sh

ort

term

Med

ium

term

Lo

ng

ter

m

Rev

ersi

ble

Irrev

ersi

ble

Co

nti

nu

ou

s

Peri

od

ic

Irreg

ula

r

Locali

zed

Wid

esp

rea

d

Ex

ten

siv

e

No

n-

sig

nif

ica

nt

Sm

all

Mo

dera

te

Ma

jor

Decrease in downstream flow during

reservoir filling

Regulated flow and reduction in

flooding

Conflicting demand for water use

Deterioration of water quality in

reservoir

Sedimentation of reservoir and loss of

storage capacity

Reduced sediment flow

Scouring of riverbed and river bank

erosion

Local siltation

Nutrient trapping of the reservoir

Biological Environment

Loss/ reduction of Flora and/or Fauna



103




Significance level

without mitigation


Im

pa

ct

Ben

efi

cia

l

Ad

verse

Un

kn

ow

n

Dir

ect

Ind

irec

t

Sh

ort

term

Med

ium

term

Lo

ng

ter

m

Rev

ersi

ble

Irrev

ersi

ble

Co

nti

nu

ou

s

Peri

od

ic

Irreg

ula

r

Locali

zed

Wid

esp

rea

d

Ex

ten

siv

e

No

n-

sig

nif

ica

nt

Sm

all

Mo

dera

te

Ma

jor

Migratory species

Restriction on wildlife corridor

Loss of livestock feed resources

Change in disease ecology

Socioeconomic Environment

Risks to the public

Decrease in floodplain (recession)

agriculture

Employment opportunities

Increase in land values

Increased access threats to traditional

communities



104

Annex 11: Details of personal protection equipment’s

S. No Name of Personal Protective

Equipment against protection from

Entitlement/ Eligibility Periodicity of distribution and frequency of issue

1 Industrial Safety Helmet (IS:2925-

1975)

For protection against falling objects.

All employees working in O&M of

Plant, TL & Substation (including

RHQ employees working directly or

visiting plants, Substation & TLM

during O&M) or construction work

under O&M.

Initially to all entitled employees and afterwards against return of

damaged or broken helmet.

On transfer employee shall return their helmet to store. In case of

loss of helmet of any individual, new helmet may be given to the

employee at a token price of 30% of the cost of helmet. Life is

considered as four years.

2 Face shield with replaceable acrylic

visor (IS:8521-1977)

For protection from frontal hazards

against splash of chemicals

Water treatment plant operators,

chemical changing/maintenance staff

and other persons handling hazardous

chemicals

Three nos. are to be kept on pool basis at plant/substation battery

room. One no. to be kept extra for replacement. Life is considered

as three years.

3 -i) Zero power blue color goggles with cup

type filters on both ends (IS:

2553:1977)

For protection from radiation due to

sparks/ flames

Working with grass cutter etc. Three nos. to be kept on pool basis at each plant/substation. One

no. to be kept for TL maintenance jobs. On specific requirement &

request of employee. HOD concerned may consider goggle with

toughened power goggles on receipt of eye test certificate from

authorized medical representative. Life is considered is three years.

3 -ii)

Zero power Plane goggles with cup type

filters on both ends (IS:2553:1977)

For protection of eyes injuries due to

flying objects sparks/ flames.

Working with grinders or similar type

of machines

Three nos. to be kept on pool basis at each plant/substation. One







105




3-iii) Welders Equipment’s for both eyes and

face protection (IS:1179)

For protection from radiation

Electrical welders. Two nos. to be kept at each plant/substation. On pool basis. One





4 i) Rubberized Apron (acid & Alkali Proof)

(IS:4501-1961)

For protection from contact with acid/

corrosive chemicals.

Working in battery room, water

treatment plant

Four nos. are to be kept at each plant/substation. On pool basis.

Persons using apron will keep apron at proper place after use. Life

considered is four years.

4 ii) Safety Belt (with thigh straps) (IS-

EN361 & EN 358) from indigenous or

imported manufacturer

For protection from fall from height

Employees required to work at a

height of 3 meters or more. It is to be

ensured that each employee working

at height (more than 3 meters) must

use safety belt.

Quantity equal to number of entitled employees but not less than 5

numbers. in each plants/substation or 10 numbers in TL office in

pool basis. Life is considered as eight years.

5 i) Artificial Respirator (Balloon Type)

For protection of person suffered from

shock or suffocation from smoke in case

of fire.

For offensive / harmful environment,

substation, control room etc.

Two nos. for each plant/substation to be kept at control room on

pool basis. One no each must be kept extra for each plant/substation

Life is considered as five years.

5 ii) Artificial Respirator (Dusk Type)

For protection from harmful dust from

silica/ coal/ dust

For offensive / harmful environment

(Plant/TL O&M staff)

Ten nos. to be kept in pool at plant/trans line office prone to dust

hazards area. Ten nos. to be kept extra at each TL office prone to

dust hazard area. Considering 50% of total TL offices are dust

prone area and dust masks are purchased after two years. However,

air filters may be changed as and when needed.



106




6 i) Electrical Safety shoes (without steel

toe)

For protection from electrical shock

All technical employees (Workmen,

supervisors, executives) including

RHQ directly working or visiting

plant/substation and TL during

construction and O&M

One pair to each entitled employee every 02 years.

6 ii) Rubber Gum Boot (Duck back / Bata

make)

For protection from rain, mud and

corrosive chemicals

Working in muddy/ slushy area of

Plant/TL and Substation.

One pair to entitled employee every three years. 5% to be kept extra

as reserve.

7 Ear Muffs

For protection from noise pollution.

Area where average noise level is

more than 80 db. Like A/c ventilator

room near ABCB, DG Set,

compressor area.

Initially six sets for each substation on pool basis. Considering they

are purchased every eight years.

8 i) Leather Hand Gloves (IS:6994 Part-I-

1973)

For protection from contact with

moderately hot substances & sharp

uneven surfaces.

Employees engaged in welding,

cutting, grinding

As per requirement and replacement against damage. Life is

considered as two years.

8 ii) Leather Hand Gloves (IS:6994)

For protection from contact with hot/

oily/ greasy objects, uneven surfaces.

Handling metallic objects,

reinforcement steel and other

plant/transmission/distribution lines

maintenance jobs as per requirement

(electrical apparatus)





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8 iii) Cotton Hand Gloves

For protection from contact with hot

objects, uneven surfaces.

Handling metallic objects,

reinforcement steel and other

plant/TL maintenance jobs as per

requirement (electrical apparatus)



8 iv) Electrical Resistance Hand Gloves (IS:

4770-1968) - (to be purchased with test

certificates).

For protection from electrical shock.

Working in O&M of plant/TL and

Sub Station/ colony area. Electrical

Hand gloves should be purchased

after testing at the laboratory of

factory owner in presence of regional

safety officer or safety representative.

The gloves should be inspected by

nominated executive/ supervisor

periodically and before each use and

if found even minor damage must be

rejected.

Up to 2KV rating- six pairs to be maintained at plant/substation on

pool basis.

2KV to 15KV rating- Two pairs to be maintained in

plant/substation & six pair for TL maintenance on pool basis.

8 v) Acid/ Alkali Proof Hand Gloves

(Rubberized/ PVC)

For protection from contact with

corrosive chemicals.

Working in battery room/ other

entitled employees on individual

basis.

Four pairs to be kept in substation in battery room and six pairs for

other miscellaneous works in the plant/substation.

Environmental and Social Management System Guidelines (ESMSG)


108

Annex 12: Sample Complaint Form

Complaint Form

Complaint Number Copies to forward to:

Name of the Recorder (Original)Receiver Party

Region/District/Kebele (Copy)Responsible Party

Date

INFORMATION ABOUT THE COMPLAINANT

Name Surname

Telephone Number

Address

Kebele/ Community

Region/District/woreda

Signature of Complainant

DESCRIPTION OF THE COMPLAINT



109

Annex 13: Safety Checklist

Region: ..................... Woreda………………Village or work site name: - …………………….

Date of Safety Audit/inspection: - .......................

Name of Project: ........................................................................ ……………

Voltage Level: -.................... ....................

Name of Contractor: -...................... ......................

Name of Sub Contractor: -.................................................................................................………

A. DURING FOUNDATION WORK:

S.N. Description of Activity Feed back Remarks

Yes No

EXCAVATION AND CASTING OF FOUNDATION/CONCRETING

1

Ensure Delineation of the foundation area by appropriate fencing to

avoid interference related accident

2 Ensure proper use of appropriate type of equipment for excavation

3

Proper management of dumping of Excavated soil. Check

construction materials are stacked at safe place and does not cause

any danger. (Minimum1.5 Mts. or half the depth of the pit

whichever is more)

4 Working area has been protected properly to avoid against fall of

passer-by or animal in the excavated pit.

5

Passer-by are at safe places and arrangement is made to inform

Public by caution markings (Red Flag)/ Public/Warning Notices.

6

Check that PPEs i.e. Safety helmets, safety boots, Safety Shoes,

Gloves, protective clothing, dust masks, ear-mufflers is used by

workers and Foreman/supervisor

7

The positions of underground installations such as sewers, water

pipes and electrical cables have been verified and in case of their

existence, they must be isolated.

8

Arrangement shall be made to prevent external vibrations due to

rail/road traffic (If required).

9

After excavation the work has been completed speedily erection of

concrete pole and back filling done at the earliest.

10

During backfilling ensure that it is done using appropriate tools and

equipment along with protective clothing

11

Check that the concrete Mixer machine is placed at a safe place.

(Not very, near to pit.)



110

S.N. Description of Activity Feed back Remarks

Yes No

12

A Competent Person shall make every day inspection of

excavations. In case, possible cave in or slide is apparent, all

working in the excavation shall be seized until the necessary pre-

cautions have been taken to safe guard the possible cave in or slide.

13

Where bare wire is used, wire mesh rolls shall be secured to prevent

dangerous recoiling action.

B. CONCRETE POLE ERECTION:

SN Description of Activity Feedback Remarks

Yes No

1 Check proper communication facility is available at site during

Concrete pole erection. (If required)

2

Ensure the derrick used before pole erection has been checked for

adequate strength/size. Ensure for copy of test certificate for all the

lifting machines and tackles.

3

Ensure that the ropes used before pole erection has been checked

for adequate strength/physical condition (Free from break of

strands and knots etc.

4 Check that the safety measures have been taken before undertaking

for the Road/Rail/involving likewise stretches.

5

For rail or road crossing check whether written working plan is

available at site with specific to safety e.g. local earthing, skilled &

experience manpower, strength and height of framework to

maintain the required clearance etc.

6

Check that only erection team members are allowed to stand near

the pole while erection is in process and should wear the safety

helmet/Safety Shoes.

7 Working area of the pole erection has been demarcated during

erection.

8

Check that proper arrangement is made while lifting the poles and

fixing them i.e. proper size and strength of the hook used for lifting

the pole.

9 Check sufficient numbers of workers are made available while

lifting the pole and erecting

10 Where the pole is erected near existing power line, ensure the power

line is interrupted and locally earthed of electricity flow.



111

C. CONDUCTOR STRINGING:


Yes No

1. All drivers and plant operators are holding the valid driving

license.

2 Where conductor stringing is near to the existing power line, ensure

the power line is interrupted and locally earthed of electricity flow.

3

Check that the permit has been obtained from the Competent

Authority for stringing of conductor while crossing through

Road/venerable areas etc. (Where necessary)

4 Check that all safety measures have been taken during stringing

of conductor crossing the LV lines (Earthing of existing lines etc.)

5 Ensure that proper size of bolts and nuts are rigidly tightened.

6 Check that the backfilling of the foundation has been done as per

specification.

7 Check that proper communication facility is available at site

during stringing of conductor

8 Check whether the pole has been permanently earthed.

9 Ensure sending signal to puller to stop when last layer of conductor

/EW being pulled.

10 Only nylon or poly propylene ropes should be used during

conductor stringing in the vicinity of live overhead lines.

11

Ensure whether the network of distribution lines has been

thoroughly checked and precautions taken Against in advertent

charging.

12

Check that proper arrangement is made /available for

development and use of a Portable Earthing and Short–Circuiting

Devices which can be engaged and disengaged to and from the

distribution lines, keeping away from the lines, until all

operations on the same are completed and all men and materials

are removed from the lines.

13

Where bare wire is used, ensure that all the insulator strings are

thoroughly checked for availability and proper fixing of cotter

/split pins before hoisting the same.



112

General common points for all activities during Excavation, Casting of Foundation, substation

works, Concrete Poles Erection and Stringing of Conductors


Yes No

1 Check whether the contractor had procured required quantity of PPEs

considering maximum numbers of erection workers deployed at one

time.

2

Supervisors/ Workmen have been provided with required healthy

PPEs, like Safety helmet/Safety Belts/ Safety Shoes/Gum Boot etc. as

applicable.

3 Availability of First Aid Box with required medicines at site.

4 Instruction register is available at site.

5 Ensure that Supervisor/Forman/workers Leader always issues

instruction to the Workmen before start of work.

6 Ensure that supervisory staff from supervision consultant, EEU is

available at site during construction.

7 All driver and plant operators are holding valid driving license.

8 Check the vehicle for rescue is available at site.

9 Ensure engaged labor are aware of the job and safety matters.

10 Check that the unskilled laborers are not engaged in skilled job.

11

Ensure that supervisor/workmen engaged in the field are aware of First

Aid Techniques (Such as in case of Electric Shock, Fall from the

height, and the person rescued from buried under the debris etc.

12 Check for nearby Hospital/ Doctor in case of emergencies arises.

13

While transporting heavy consignment of conductor/EW drums from

central store to site by the use of Cranes, Truck, and Tractor. The safety

aspect for construction and failure of brake system of moving

machinery is to be checked.

14 Check the competence (Qualification/Experience) of supervisor

/Foreman, worker leader of contractor.

REMARKS IF ANY: _____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

Signature Signature Signature

Name: Name: Name:

Designation:

Designation: Designation:

Representative of Contractor Representatives of Supervision Consultant Representatives of EEU/EHS

environmental & social management system …

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