environment - apwa

12010 North American Snow Conference

Be sensitive to the environment while providing a safe service to the traveling public.Utili t i l th t d d lt Utilize materials that produce good results, are friendly to the environment, and yet remain cost effective.

Find equipment that meets our specific need. Utilize real time Road Weather Information.


Salt and Sand Salt

Salt Brine

Ice Slicer Ice Slicer Magnesium Chloride Cold Temperature Modified Magnesium-

Chloride Apex

Apogee, non-chloride

PRO’s Most common

product used Provides traction Works in all type of

th d t

CON’s Bad for the

environment. Causes additional

work for maintenance crewsweather and storm

events Initial Cost

crews. Water and Air

Quality Broken Windshields Cost of Clean-up Bicycle Safety Is not a de-icing

material

The contractor cleaned sand out of the creek and built 11 sand and built 11 sand retention ponds.

The cost of the clean up project was approximately $11,000,000


PRO’s Adheres to roadway. Works from top

down. Keeps snow pack

CON’s Additional storage

and Containment Mixing of product is

time consumingKeeps snow pack from bonding.

Cost Savings, reduces sand usage.

Desired product in snow areas, where colder temperatures exist.

time consuming. Depending on what

type of liquid deicer used to pre-treat sand, can leach out of sand.

Mineral PercentageComplex Chloride TM 92-96%(Magnesium, Calcium, Sodium & Potassium Chloride)Water - contained as moisture to 3% maximum (RS) 2.5%Sulfur 0.13%Iron 0.07%

Ice Slicer is a homogenous (not blended) product containing:

Phosphorous 0.05%Iodine 0.002%Zinc 0.001%Copper 0.0007%Manganese 0.0007%13+ Trace Minerals & Micro-Nutrients < 0.005%

ICE SLICER contains all-natural corrosion inhibitors and environmental buffers crystallized within each

granule - not just sprayed on the surface.


13 degrees

PRO’s Adheres to roadway. Keeps snow pack

from bonding. Cost Savings, reduces


and Containment Still a chloride

N d f li id Cost Savings, reduces sand & chloride usage.

Consistent product

Need of liquid application equipment

1. Phosphorous 25.000 mg/L2. Cyanide 0.125 mg/L3. Arsenic 5.000 mg/L4. Copper 0.200 mg/L5 Lead 1 000 mg/L5. Lead 1.000 mg/L6. Mercury 0.050 mg/L7. Chromium 0.100 mg/L8. Cadmium 0.150 mg/L9. Barium 10.000 mg/L10. Selenium 0.300 mg/L11. Zinc 10.000 mg/L12. Ammonia 5.000 mg/L13. Molybdenum 15.000 mg/L

EFFECTIVE Effective Temperature is

the lowest temperature in which the cost of the

EUTECTIC Eutectic Temperature

is the freeze point of a solution based on

application is justified by the results obtained.

Practical Practical operating

temperature is where the results are within a reasonable time.

percentage of chemical in the solution, and not the volume.


PRO’s Adheres to roadway. Keeps snow pack

from bonding. Cost Savings, reduces


and Containment Still a chloride

N d f li id Cost Savings, reduces sand & chloride usage.

Consistent product Works down to 0

degrees

Need of liquid application equipment

More Training needed

Cold Temperature Modified Mag-Chloride Increased Performance in the Red Zone

0

20

40

F)

Phase Diagram

-100

-80

-60

-40

-20

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32

Te

mp

(F

% Solids

MgCl2 M1000 Meltdown Apex

AL 2024 - Aluminum AL 5086 - Aluminum SS304L - Stainless Steel SS410 - Stainless Steel

Condensed MgCl2 on the surface of metal after pulled out of the solution


(Original states) (8 min. later) (6 hr. later)

Fig. 2-20 Comparison of hydrophilicities between MgCl2 and NaCl(When dry crystals of NaCl (top) and MgCl2 (bottom) are

exposed to 500C and 100% RH)

140 0

160.0

0.0

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0

120.0

140.0

1

# M

elt

ed

/ga

l

Apex AP M1000 AP CaCl2 30% NaCl 23%

18.0

20.0

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

18.0

1

# M

elt

ed

/ga

l

Apex AP M1000 AP CaCl2 30% NaCl 23%

Anti-icing applications should be between 35 & 40 gallons per lane mile after the road has turned wet, but prior to an accumulation of snow or ice crystalsof snow or ice crystals.

It is essential that the pavement be cleared of snow or loose ice before applying liquid chemicals to reduce the dilution that would result.


DE-ICING is a snow and ice control strategy in which chemicals are applied to the top of in which chemicals are applied to the top of an accumulation of snow, ice, or frost that is already bonded to the pavement surface.


Early Fall ApplicationsEarly Fall Applications

Be careful of road surface contaminants when there has not been moisture for extended periods of time.

They can cause the surface to become slick with minimum application rates of de-icers.

• Anti-freeze• Motor oil• Diesel fuel• Gasoline• Rubber

Watch for signs of change

Give the product time to work no matter what product you are using

Application rate for spraying liquids on sand or salt piles or to hot shot a load of sand or salt is 5 to 7 gallons per ton.sand or salt is 5 to 7 gallons per ton.

Stock piles should be treated with ????? (gradation of material)


Pre-wetting allows you to

reduce the amount of

material applied per lane mile d till t th

Traditional Dry Application Pre-wet Salt Application

and still get the same amount

where you want it. The solid deicer also

becomes more effective.

60%20% 20% 90%5%

5%Critical

Area

Critical Area

Don’t apply liquids on the shoulders.

Snow plow operators Supervisors Supervisors Media Public Local Governments ??????


You must know the surface temp

Grade School


Change of Patrols & treatment types.

Test S ti Section right side

Control section left side

TAPER Log Highway #__I 70__ Patrol #___5____ Operator: __Jack Frost_ Unit # __1313_______ Calibration Date: __11/27/02_____

Date & Time of

Application

Start Mile Point

End Mile Point

Direction of

Travel

Lane #

Anti-icing or De-icing

Roadway Surface

Temp (F)

Product Used

Application Rate

Gallons/Pounds Per Lane Mile

Snow In

Inches

Results

1

12/15/02 2:00 p.m.

12.5 25.5 East B. 1 Anti-icing

31 27 % Mag

35 Trace Just started snowing, road turning wet

2

12/15/02 2:30 p.m.

25.5 12.5 West B. 1 Anti-icing

29 27% Mag

35 ½ Snowing road wet, shoulder starting to slush

3

12/15/02 3:00 p.m.

12.5 25.5 East Bound

2 Anti-icing

21 27% Mag

40 1 Snowing harder Lane #1 road still wet lane #2 road slushy

4

12/15/02 3:30 p.m.

25.5 12.5 West Bound

2 Anti-icing

17 27% Mag

55 2 Snowing, Lane #1 starting to slush L #2 d ith

5 Lane #2 covered with

snow and slush 6

12/15/03 4:30 p.m.

12.5 25.5 East B. 1 Anti-icing

13 M-1000

60 3 Snowing hard, lane #2 road slushy, lane #1 snow packed.

7

12/15/03 5:00 p.m.

25.5 12.5 West Bound

1 Anti-icing

13 M-1000

60 4 Snowing hard, lane #2 road slushy, lane #1 snow packed.

8

9

10

Notes: Road turning wet from the M-1000 that was shot east bound. Shift change, going home.

Remember “the good old days”

Ground speed Ground speed controlled spreaders

Easy calibration


??? How much Product is being applied per Lane Mile.

ALL Sand Trucks and Liquid Units must be Calibrated.

Do not Trust the Computer readouts in your Equipment.

Perform actual tests between Computer read outs and the amount of Product that is Actually Applied

AUGER CHAIN SPEED GATE LBS PER SPEED FLOW RATE SETTING HEIGHT LANE MILE RPM PER HOUR

3 4 INCHES 100 1800-2000 357 4 INCHES 150 1800-2000 35

10 4 INCHES 250 1800-2000 353 8 INCHES 300 1800-2000 353 8 INCHES 300 1800 2000 357 8 INCHES 400 1800-2000 35

10 8 INCHES 600 1800-2000 353 12 INCHES 750 1800-2000 357 12 INCHES 900 1800-2000 35

10 12 INCHES 1100 1800-2000 35

mph 30 25 20 15

mpm 0.5 0.416 0.333 0.25

pounds peLBS Per LBS Per LBS Per LBS Per LBS Per LBS Per LBS Per LBS Per

Minute Second Minute Second Minute Second Minute Second

Application Rate

lbs per lane mile

100 50 0.84 41.6 0.69 33.3 0.56 25 0.42

200 100 1.67 83.2 1.39 66.6 1.11 50 0.84

250 125 2.08 104 1.73 83.25 1.39 62.5 1.04

300 150 2.5 124.8 2.08 99.9 1.67 75 1.25

350 175 2.92 145.6 2.43 116.55 1.94 87.5 1.46

400 200 3.33 166.4 2.77 133.2 2.22 100 1.67

450 225 3.75 187.2 3.12 149.85 2.5 112.5 1.88

500 250 4.17 208 3.47 166.5 2.78 125 2.08

550 275 4.58 228.8 3.81 183.15 3.05 137.5 2.29

600 300 5 249.6 4.16 199.8 3.33 150 2.5

650 325 5.42 270.4 4.51 216.45 3.61 162.5 2.71

700 350 5.83 291.2 4.85 233.1 3.89 175 2.92

750 375 6.25 312 5.2 249.75 4.16 187.5 3.13

800 400 6.67 332.8 5.55 266.4 4.44 200 3.33

900 450 7.5 374.4 6.24 299.7 5 225 3.75

1000 500 8.33 416 6.93 333 5.55 250 4.17


Sensor uses a Peltier cell to cool and warm any moisture/liquid Sensor uses a Peltier cell to cool and warm any moisture/liquid on the pavement. on the pavement. The controller monitors the temperature of the liquid on the The controller monitors the temperature of the liquid on the surface as it is cooled and detects freezing. surface as it is cooled and detects freezing. The change created during crystallization indicates the freeze The change created during crystallization indicates the freeze point temperature.point temperature.

Road Sensors Have left the RoadRoad Sensors Have left the RoadThe SPECTRO is able to give a The SPECTRO is able to give a Friction reading from off the Friction reading from off the

roadwayroadwayThe CYCLO is able to give surface The CYCLO is able to give surface temperature within .2 F and other temperature within .2 F and other

readingsreadings

Remote surface Remote surface temperature temperature measurementmeasurement

Infrared Infrared measurement measurement principles principles

Utilizes state of the art Utilizes state of the art optical nonoptical non--intrusive intrusive technology to measure technology to measure Road State Road State –– 3 eye safe 3 eye safe lasers at differing lasers at differing f if ifrequencies are frequencies are transmitted by top lens & transmitted by top lens & received by bottom lensreceived by bottom lens

Measures amounts ofMeasures amounts of•• WaterWater•• IceIce•• Snow / FrostSnow / Frost

Reports FrictionReports Friction


Both Instruments mount on structures to side of road

Limitations are:

c must be >6ft and <50ft

ά must be >30º and <85º

Thus maximum distance (b) from base of tower/pole to measured road surface is 40ft

when

sensor height (a) is 25 ft

(Maximum distance from sensor to road is 50 ft)


Text messaging

Emails

Web Site

Pre-Trip/Post-Trip 1st Step to Safety

Communicate Problems Let others know

what is wrong Check your

Equipment often Know the areas on

the equipment that are constantly under stress

environment - apwa

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