ENVIROMENTAL

ENGINEERINGPresentation

prepared under:

Dr.Mabrook

Presented by: ABDUL AZEEM

`

UNIVERSITY OF AZZAITOUNA

CONTENTS• Introduction• Libya- Geography, Climate, and Population• Water resources• History• RENEWABLE Water Resources • Population and water demand• References

Branches Of Enviromental Engineering

Introduction• Environmental engineering is the

application of science and engineering principle to protect and utilize natural resources , control environmental pollution , improve environmental quality to enable healthy ecosystems and comfortable habitation of humans

• .

LIBYA GEOGRAPHY, CLIMATE, AND POPULATION• THE LIBYAN ARAB JAMAHIRIYA HAS A TOTAL AREA OF ABOUT

1.76 MILLION SQUARE KILOMETERS (KM2).• About 95 percent of the country is desert. The cultivable

area is estimated at about 2.2 million hectares (ha) which is 1.2 percent of the total area of the country

• The climatic conditions are influenced by the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Sahara desert to the south, resulting in an abrupt transition from one kind of weather to another

• Total population was about 5.7 million in 2004, including some 0.8 million non-Libyans.• The annual population growth rate for the period 1995-

2000 was estimated at 2.2 percent.

Water Resources and Use Most water used in the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya comes

from the huge fossil reserves. Renewable groundwater resources are estimated at 500

million m3/year

The main characteristics of groundwater occurrence in four systems which are relatively independent from each other are as follows:

• The Western Aquifer system including three interconnected sub-systems

• The Jifarah Plain system.• The As Sarir Al Kufrah basin system.• The Al Jabal al Akhdar system.

History:-

• In 1953 while drilling for oil in southern Libya,workers found instead a huge freshwater sea beneath the sands,a vast ocean called the Nubian Sandstone Aquifer System (NSAS),which stretches beneath Libya, Egypt, Chad and Sudan.

• The water had accumulated during the last ice age.

• Its reserves are estimated to be the equivalent to about500 years of Nile River flowand are expected to last a thousand years.

• It is already the world’s largest irrigation project a

• the largest underground network of pipes and aqueducts

• It supplies 6,500,000 cubic metres of fresh water daily.

• From being one of the driest countries on earth,the Libyan desert is now blooming.

• Annual rainfall is extremely low, with about 93 percent of the land surface receiving less than 100 millimeters per year (mm/year)

RENEWABLE Water Resources • There have been several attempts during the last 25

years to introduce and expand sea water desalination plants and wastewater treatment facilities

• A number of desalination plants of different sizes have been built near large municipal centers and industrial complexes. However, so far restrictions have been imposed by the high cost of energy and spare parts.

• The contribution of the existing desalination plants is almost negligible and exclusively used for domestic and industrial purposes. The existing operating capacity of installed plants is about 65 million m3/year,

WATER DEMAND AND USAGE• the total water requirement to support basic food self-

sufficiency and to meet the domestic water demand of the 12 million Libyans in the year 2025 is estimated to range between 10.5 and 16.4 cubic kilometers per year (km3/year), compared to 4.3 km3/year at present.

• The contribution of the existing desalination plants is almost negligible and exclusively used for domestic and industrial purposes. The existing operating capacity of installed plants is about 65 million m3/year,

Population and water demand

 During this Research I have used the following

books & sites:References

http://assets.nerdwallet.com/blog/nerdscholar/files/2013/08/shutterstock-windmills.jpg

concise-environmental-engineering Hand book http://www.orwelltoday.com/librivermanmadegaddafi.shtml http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/156964/ http://

www.globalwaterintel.com/client_media/images/articles/223.jpg

http://image.slidesharecdn.com/healthandfoodsituationinlibya2011-111111045701-phpapp01/95/health-and-food-situation-in-libya-2011-12-728.jpg?cb=1320987486

http://www.greenprophet.com/wp-content/uploads/manmade-river-in-Libya-560x357.jpg

 During this Research I have used the following books

& sites:References

http://www.civil.engineering.utoronto.ca/Assets/Civil+Engineering+Digital+Assets/research/environmental/Environmental+Engineering+Footer.png

http://www.civil.northwestern.edu/ees/files/cee_logo.png http://sites.lafayette.edu/kneya/files/2010/06/321overview.jpg http://

students.egfi-k12.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/illustra-environmental.jpg